1. '1ⁿdeenaagogh1d3 'when everything was new'. '1ⁿdee 'it is new, recent' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.18, 3]; naagogh1 'a place or time moves about, exists' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.8, 1]; -d3 'at that time'.

     2. G3h4 'Mountain Spirits' [see the ethnological note 1 to linked to the English translation of this story, listed as Ethnological note 19.1].

     3. dooh1d3'iy1ay4g0s8dan1'a 'no one at that time knew anything about them'. h1- 'whatever', - d3 'at that time'; 'iy1a 'someone'; y4g0s8 3rd person of 04-go-ni- ...-[-z8, 'to have knowledge of, to know about' [imp. neut. intr.; 4- 'about'; go-ni- ?]. Cf. 04-go-ni-...-z8, 'there is knowledge of and ni-...-z8, 'to know, think, feel'.

     4. d1h0o[e'4 'only one'. Cf. d1[ee'4 'one, just one'.

     5. ⁿd4[37ghe'4 'among the many Indians'[also 'among the many People' -- MEC]. ⁿd4 'Indians'[also 'People' -- MEC]; [3 'many'; -ghe' 'inside, among'. -4 is probably the relative -7 assimilated to the preceding vowel.

     1. dooh1d3daah'9da7 'that which you have never seen before'. h1d3 'at whatever time' [cf. note 19:1, 3]. daah'9, 2nd person distrib. of '9, 'to see' [prog. neut. tr.].

     2. 'aaee daanahk1 you go there'. 'aa- there' plus -ee at'. daanahk1 , 2nd person distrib. of ni-...[ni- perf.]-k1 several go, several come' [act. intr.; ni- completive]. It should be pointed out that the ni- completive prefix gives no indication of direction; it denotes simply that the action is approaching a definite end. Therefore this verb would better be translated 'several move completively [to or from] an end'. Such verbs, it is clear, must be preceded by words denoting the end. In this case, that word is aaee.

     1. d1'1kanzh= 'it is well'. d1'1ka > d1'1kaa the final vowel being shortened before -n- plus consonant. "d1- 'just, exactly' plus '1kaa 'there, that [time], that [manner]'. nzh= 'it is good'.

     2. d1n1na[1zh8 'every last one of you'. 2nd person dual of d1-n1-ni-...-[-'1. 'to have a line [of people] extended to include everyone' [neut. tr.; ni- perf.?]. Cf. d1-ni-...- [-1 with essentially the same meaning and with the same conjugation. -[-1 'to have a rigid object extending' [neut. tr.].

     1. shik'ish0k4ne, sh7l2g0k4ne 'my brothers, my sisters'. -k'ish 'sibling of same sex'; -l2 'sibling of opposite sex' [requires a high tone on its prefixes]. -h0k4ne an unanalyzable plural enclitic.

     2. dzi[7 bit'ahy1 'at the foot of the mountain'. Literally: 'at the fold of the mountain'. dzi[ 'mountain'; -t'ah 'pocket, fold'.

     3. naht'4k4ne7 'your relatives'. -t'4k4 'relatives'; -ne 'people of such and such a group'.

     4. k'edaa'ishch77 'those which I am going to decorate'. 1st person imp. of k'e-daa-i- ...[si- perf.]-[-ch77 to put several designs on' [k'e- on'; daa-i- distrib. plus indef. obj. referring to designs]. Cf. k'e-i-...[si- perf.]-[-ch77 to put a design on' and k'e-i- ...[si- perf.]-[-ch77 a design is put on' [here 'i- functions as subject].

     5. dooy1adah7gh1da no one is to come'. y1ada someone, anyone'. h7gh1, 3rd person imp. of ni-...[ni- perf.]-y1 one person comes, one person goes' [act. intr.; ni- completive, see note 9.2, 2].

     6. b7zhii7 doobeeh1sh7da 'do not call them by their names'. -zhii 'name' [requires high toned prefixes]. bee- 'by means of' plus 2nd person dual imp. of h0-...[hi- perf.]- zh7 'to call by name' [act. tr.].

     7. [3ⁿd1 g0gh4y1 hadaadziih1l7 'it is dangerous [for] anyone to speak so'. [3ⁿd1 'anyone'; g0gh4 'there is danger' [imp. neut. intr. with place subject and ni- adj.]; -y1 pp.; hadaadzii 3rd person distrib. imp. of ha-|...[hi- perf.]-d-dzii 'to speak' [act. intr.; ha-| ?]. h1l7 a particle or enclitic denoting uncertainty.

     8. go[n44j9go 'at twilight'. perf. of go[-ni-|...[? perf.]-j9 'to become dark, twilight falls' [act. intr.]. go[- is presumably the place pronoun plus -[ 'with, accompanying'. ni-| ?.

     9. godinash8 'treat them with respect'. 2nd person dual with 3a object of di-ni-...-[- z8, 'to treat with respect, to regard as sacred' [neut. tr.; imp. or ni- perf. ?]. di- ?; cf. ni- ...-z8 'to think, feel'.

      beegoch'adaagojiisch9n1'a 'he made it known to them'. bee- 'by means of it'; 'it' referring to the two preceding phrases: 'in a good way' and 'in exactly the right way'. Note that the final verb of this passage is preceded by yee- 'by means of it' and that it' here also refers back to these phrases. goch'adaagojiisch9, 3a person perf. With distrib. Place obj. of 0-ch'a-|...[si- perf.]och77 'to make known to' [act.tr.]. See linguistic note to Chiricahua text 16.5, 2.

     1. bi[ⁿd4j7l97 'those people who were with him' bi[- 'with him'; nⁿ4 'people'; 3a person of ni-...'l9 'to be' [imp. Neut. Intr.].

     2. chidaajoos'88go 3a person perf. with 3rd person distrib. Obj. ot chi-ho-|...[si- perf.]-[-'9 to make use of' [act. Tr.]. The theme alone: 'to cause someone to be in such and such a state'. chi- 'useful, helpful'; ho-| ?.

     3. b1n11'jineesⁿdiln1'a 'he made a brush corral for them'. b1- 'for them' plus 3a person perf. with indef. Obj. of n11-ni-...[si- perf.]-d-ⁿdil 'to make a corral, to put several objects around, in a circle' [act.tr.] n11- around'; ni- terminative. -ⁿdi[, cont. stem of -ⁿdii[ 'to handle several objects'.

     1. naadaand4h4go 'they, playing about'. 3rd person distrib. of naa-|...[si-]-nd4h4 'to play about' [act.intr.; naa-| 'about'].

     2. 'i[n1n1keen1'a 'they ran about here and there'. 3rd person imp. of 'i[-nana- ...[si- perf.]-kee 'several run about here and there' [act. intr.]. 'i[-n1n1- 'here and there' is probably 'i[- reciprocal plus n1n1- 'again and again'.

     1. jee7k67 'young girl'. Cf. jee7k6 'young girl' and jee7k5' 'daughter' [linguistic note to Chiricahua text 18.1 2].

     2. njinee[ⁿdin1'a 'she turned her head'. 3a person imp. of ni-ne-ni- ...[ni- perf.]-l-ⁿdi 'to move one's head to a stop' [mediopass.]. Cf. linguistic note to Chiricahua text 18.24 2. -l-ⁿdi 'to move one's head.

     3. jiⁿd4 3a person of ni-...-ⁿd4 'to be mean'.

     4. k4gojiis88n1'a 'she recognized him' 3a person perf. of 04-go-|...[si- perf.]- [-z88 'to learn about, to recognize' [act. intr.; 4- 'about'; go-| ?].

     1. k -- zh -- kan1'a 'they came to the fire'. k -- 'fire'; -zh8 'to' plus hoka 'they were coming' [3rd person distrib. of -k1 'several move'

     2. dais9n1'a 'they blessed it, consecrated it' [The phrasing of the gloss here is changed from the original 'they worshipped it' in order to answer the objections of many Apache people to the primitivistic connotations of the latter -- MEC] [see Ethnological Notes to the English translation of this text, note 5]. 3rd person distrib. imp. with 3rd person object of ...[hi- perf.]-[-z9 'to bless to worship, to pay respect to' [act.tr.].

     3. b1ha'dat'3n1'a 'singing had begun for them'. b1- 'for them' plus perf. of ha-i- di-...[hi- perf.]-aa 'to sing' is probably the theme -aa 'to handle a round object' with ha- 'out', 'i- indefinite object and di- noise. Thus: 'to cause a noise to move out'.

(19.10)

     1. '1'naan11ja[gho[n1'a 'he was going around there' '1'- 'there', prefixed form of '1-. naan11 'around and around' plus the 3a prog. of -l-ghee 'to move' [act.intr.]. this prefix is used only with the progressive mode.

     2. naan0ok44[e 'where they were dancing'. naan1- 'around and around' plus the 3rd person prog. of -kee 'several run' [see 1 above], and -ee 'at'.

     3. '1gh1hoogh4] he who is called so and so'. '1gh1- thus so'; hoogh4 he is called' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.5, 2]; -] relative.

     1. 'in1j00zhoozh 'they went back'. 3rd person perf. of 'i-n1-ji-...[hi- perf.]-zh00sh 'several move away, go back' [act. intr.; 'i- 'away'; n1- 'back'; ji- ?]. The theme: 'several move as a group'.

     2. [3ⁿd1 ha'1goda 1daⁿdii[ h1l7' 'no one is to say anything'. [3ⁿd1 'someone'; ha'1goda 'in any way'; '1daⁿdii[, 3rd person prog. of '1-di-...[hi- perf.] ⁿd7 'to say so'; h1l7 'perhaps'.

     3. doo'1kaaday1 'improperly'. '1kaa 'that way'. Literally: 'in not that way'.

     4. dooha'y1go nzh=y1 nah1'1n0osdl1[ee'1t'4da 'I can in no way make things good again for you'. ha'y1go 'some way'; nzh= 'it is good'. nah1- 'for you' plus 1st person opt. of '1-n1-...[hi- perf.]-d-l1 to do again, to make again' [act. tr.; '1- 'so'; n1- 'again']. -[ee opt. encl. '1t'4 'it is so' [3rd person imp. neut.intr.].

     1. nah1bich'88]t[11s 'help her for us'. nah1 'for us' plus the 2nd person imp. of 0-ch'88-di...[si- perf.]-d-t[11s 'to help, assist someone' [act. intr.; ch'88- 'to'; di- ?].

     2. doodanaha'1n1'idl1 'nothing will happen to us'. dooda 'nothing'; nahaa- 'to us' plus imp. of '1-n1-i-...[hi- perf.]-d-l1 something happens again' [pass.; '1- 'so'; n1- 'again'; 'i- indef. pronoun].

      doonahiⁿd7ida 'she will not be ours'. -ⁿd7i 'belonging to, owned by'.

     1. bidigh8n7bee 'by means of his power'. digh8 'power, shaman, he is holy', 3rd person of "di-ni-...-gh8 'to be holy' [imp. neut. intr.].

     2. d1h0o[eeny1gon1 'only one thing'. d1-...-n1 'only, just'; d1h0o[ee- 'one' [see note 19.1, 4], -n 'times'.

     3. k -- [37 'the fire'. k -- 'fire'; [3 'big, much'.

     4. 'igahch'iiy1 'a hole you will dig'. 2nd person dual imp. of 'i-go-...[hi- perf.]- ch'ii 'to dig a hole' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.11, 3] plus -y1 pp.

     1. d99'hi[kaa7 'the fourth night'. d99' 'four', d99'hi[kaa 'day is dawning'.

     2. k1goshdees'3n7 'as he had promised them'. 3a person perf. of 01-go-di-...[si- perf.]-aa 'to plan something for someone, to promise someone'. 11- 'for'; go- place object referring to plans, promises; di- ?. The theme: 'to handle a round object' [?].

     1. ]n1]t'igo 'strung out in a line'. ]n1- very' [procl.] plus perf. of ni-...[ni- perf.]-t4 'to be strung out in a line' [act. intr.].

     2. {ib1y4 'the Gray One' [see ethnological note 13 to the English translation of this story, listed as note 19.13]. An archaic relative of the 3rd person of [i-ni-...-b1 'to be gray' [imp. neut. intr.]. This spirit is also called G3h4[b1y4 [see last line of this passage] which is a compound of G3h4 'Mountain Spirit' and [ib1y4 [[i- reduces to -[-].

     3. di[t[ishii 'sabres'. Cf. di-...[si- perf.]-[-t[ish 'to strike, beat with a club' [act. tr.].

     4. G3h4tsodi[hi[] 'the Big Black Mountain Spirit'. G3h4 'Mountain Spirit'; tso, compounded stem of ni-...-tso to be big' [imp. neut. intr.]; di[hi[, 3rd person of di-ni- ...-[-ghi[ 'to be black' [imp. neut. intr.]. Sometimes this compound is given G3h4ntsodi[hi[], in which the complete third person form of ni-...-tso 'to be big' is found.

     5. d1s7'eesh1]ee 'in the very first place'. d1s7- very'; 'eesh1] 'first, at the head'.

     6. G3h4ntsodat['izh] 'the Big Blue Mountain Spirit'. dat['izh, 3rd person of da- ni-...-t['izh 'to be blue' [imp. neut. intr.]. Cf. 4 above.

     7. G3h4ntso[itso] 'the Big Yellow Mountain Spirit'. [itso, 3rd person of [i-ni-...-tso 'to be yellow' [imp. neut. intr.]. Cf. 4 above.

     go'izhaazh47 'their furnishings'. 'izhaazh47 'furnishings, camp equipment'.

     1. hich'99n1daadidi[disn1'a 'they circled toward it several times'. hich'99- 'toward it' plus the 3rd person distrib. iter. of di-di-...[si- perf.]-[-ghi[ 'to circle the fire in the ceremonial fashion of the mountain spirits' [act. intr.]. No further analysis is possible.

     2. yeesh1] 'before them'. Cf. note 19.21, 5. Evidently yi- 3rd person pronoun plus -eesh1] 'before, ahead of'.

     3. ch'4'1t'9go 'since he had failed'. Literally: 'he being in vain'.

     hin0ok44[n1'a 'they ran around it'. 3rd person prop. of 0-n1-...[si- perf.]-kee 'several run around something' [act. intr.; n1- 'around'].

     1. d99n '7laaee 'the fourth time it was done'. d99n 'four times'. '7laa-, 3rd person perf. with indef. obj. of -l1 'to do' [act. tr.]. The customary '1- prefix to this verb is replaced here by d99n. -ee- 'at'.

     2. keehaj00[t[izhn1'a 'he pulled her out'. 3rd person perf. of 0ee-ha-ji-...[hi- perf.]-t[77sh 'to pull someone out' [act. intr.]. ha- 'out'. The function of ee- and ji- is not clear to me. The theme is that discussed in linguistic note to Chiricahua text 18.9, 1.

     3. nk4daajiyeest[izhn1'a 'they cut her up'. 3rd person distrib. perf. of ni-04-ji-yi- ...[si- perf.]-[-t[77sh 'to knock down, to slash, cut' [act. intr.]. ni- to a stop' [?]; 4- 'against' [?]; ji-yi- ?. For the theme, see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 16.9, 1.

     1. daadits'ago 'clashing'. Imp. of daa-di-|...[si- perf.]-ts'a 'noises are heard' [act. intr.; daa- distrib.; di-| noise].

     2. k'iyaadaa'didlaago 'sparkling' should read k'iyaadaa'diidlaago. Distrib. imp. of k'i-yaa-i-di-|...[ni- perf.]-dlaa 'to flash, sparkle' [act. intr.]. The prefixes cannot be analyzed, though di- possibly refers to fire. The theme appears with no other prefix complex.

     3. ch'4n1]s3n1'a 'they went out'. 3rd person perf. of ch'4-n1-ni-...[ni- perf.] -[-z4 'several move out as a group' [act. intr.]. ch'4- 'out'; n1- thematic [?]; ni- completive. See linguistic note to Chiricahua text 6.9, 6.

     4. ts4nteel7n1]t'i7 'a broad sheer rock wall'. ts4 'rock'; nteel 'it is broad' [3rd person imp. neut.]; -7 relative; n1]t'i 'it extends upward' [perf. of n1-ni-...[ni- perf.]-t'4 'to extend upward'; prefixes ?

     5. bich'88handa'n0os44[n1'a 'they were moving up toward it'. bich'88- 'toward it'; handa' 'upward'. n0os44[, 3rd person prog. of the theme n1-...-[-z4 'several move as a group' [act. intr.].

     6. hich'88nn1]s3n1'a 'they stopped before it'. hich'88- 'before it' plus 3rd person perf. of ni-n1-ni-...[ni- perf.]-[-z4 'several stop moving as a group' [act. intr.]. Cf. 3 above.

     7. ya'n00s3n1'a 'they went in'. 3rd person perf. of ya'-n1-...[hi- perf.]-[- z4 'several move in' [act. intr.]. ya'- 'in' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 5.7].

     The first line of this passage may be translated literally as follows: "These / Mountain Spirits / of whatever kind / only the Gray One / all of them / being over them / he knows."

     d1ha'y1go'1t'4deeda 'of whatever kind' is composed of d1- 'very', ha'y1go 'some kind', '1t'4 'it is so', -deeda 'even if, although'.