Linguistic Notes

22. A Visit to the Mountain Spirits

(22.1)

     1. 'it'4ek4 'girl' [also heard 'id4ek4; cheeshk4 boy' [also heard 'ijeeshk4]]. This narrative is from a member of the Warm Springs band of the Chiricahua. It may be, therefore, that these are dialectical variants.

     2. been1'iist['= 'in a cradle'. Literally: 'it had been wrapped around it'. A passive perf. of the theme - t['= 'to tie up, to wrap' with the prefixes ee- 'by means of'; n1- 'around' and 'i- indef. pronoun.

(22.2)

     yik'4j7]dz99s 'he tore it open'. 3rd person perf. of 0-k'4-ji-ni-...[ni- perf.]-dz99s 'to tear open' [act. intr.]. k'4- 'off, open' ji- ?; ni- completive [?].

(22.3)

     1. Note, in the second line, that the object precedes the subject; i. e., ts'aa[ 'cradle', the object of y00t2 he took hold of it' precedes shash7 'the bear'. Cf. the line preceding.

     2. ts4yeehay00[haal 'he struck a rock with it'. ts4 'rock'. yee- 'with it' plus the 3rd person perf. with 3rd person obj. of ha-|...[hi- perf.]-[-ghaa[ 'to strike' [act. tr.].

(22.4)

     t'0odagob7laa 'he had done nothing to them'. t'0oda 'nothing', a Warm Springs variant of dooda 'nothing' [?]. gob7laa, 3rd person perf. with 3rd person dual obj. of - l1 'to do to' [act. tr.].

(22.5)

     n0ok1 'come'.'Literally: 'let us go'. 1st person dual opt. of the theme -k1 'several move' with a prefix ni- ?.

(22.6)

     1. daan1d4]tan 'door, gate-way' [no analysis].

     2. k1g0t'4zh8 'to a place like this'. k1-ni-...- t'4 'to be that' [imp. neat. intr.] with a place subject. k1- is a demonstrative prefix.

(22.8)

      shik4sh9 'follow me'. shi- 'me'; -k4 'behind, after'; - sh9 'from'.

(22.10)

     sak4 'you stay' and sak4 'we stayed' are the 2nd person dual and 1st person dual respectively of -k4 'two persons sit' [si- perf. neut. intr.].

(22.12)

     1. ghah1'1t'4 'they were open'. ghah1 'over there' plus '1t'4 'it is so'.

     2. go[k22d7 'sugar' may be related to the theme -[-k22-d7 'to become sweet' [act. intr.] or to [i-ni-...-k2 'to be sweet' [imp, neut. intr.].

     3. gah4e 'coffee' > Spanish café.

(22.13)

     1. b4heest['= 'he had been tied up'. Perf. pass. of 04-hi-...[si- perf.]-t['= 'to tie on' [act. tr.; 4- 'against, on'].

     2. b44shbee 'with chains'. b44sh 'flint, metal, iron, chains, knife'.

(22.14)

     daheest['= d1hind1zh8 'he has been tied up for life'. daheest['=, perf. pass. of dah-hi-...[si- perf.]-t['= 'to tie up, to tie to' [act. tr.; dah- 'up, on']. d1- 'just'; hind1 'he lives, he is alive'; -zh8 'to'.

(22.16)

     1. dahahnd1, 'what do you want to do?'. da- interrog. procl. plus 2nd person dual imp. of the theme -nd1, 'to do' [act. intr.]. This theme, like -l1 'to do', is usually found with the prefix '1- 'thus, so' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 3.8, 5]. Here the interrog. procl. replaces '1-.

     2. doodagod0 'or' [part.]. dooda 'not' plus -go subord. and the enclitic -d0 'also'. [?].

(22.18)

     nahk4yaay1 'to your country'. k4yaa 'country, homeland', a compound of k4 'foot' and -aa 'under'.

(22.20)

     nahaaee nahaaee n1k1 'they will come back to you'. n1hi- 2nd person dual pronoun plus aa- 'to' and ee- 'at'. n1k1, 3rd person imp. of n1-ni-...[ni- perf.]- k1 'several come back' [act. intr.]. Cf. '11'nahaan1k1 'they came back there to us' in the second line of passage 21 of the text.