1. 'it'ago n[dzil hilaadad3 'when he was still growing up'. 'it'ago 'still' [part.], -go subordinating enclitic. n[dzil, third person of ni-...-[-dzil 'to be strong' [imp. neut. intr.; ni- adj.]. hilaa, third person imperfective of -laa 'to become' [act. intr.; hi- peg element, see Grammatical Sketch, 13]. -da 'even, just as' [encl.]; -d3 'at such a time, when' [encl.]. Literally 'when he was just becoming stronger.

     2. '1n11ⁿd4n1'a 'he was already a man'. Third person of '1-n11-ni-...-ⁿd4 'to be already a man' [imp. neut. intr.]. Cf. ni-...-ⁿd4- 'to be a man, to be mature, virile' [imp. neut. intr.] and ⁿd4 'man'. '1-n11- 'already' (?); ni- adj.

     3. 'in1zhan1'a 'he often hunted, it is said'. Third person iterative of 'i-| [hi- perf.]-zh1 'to go off hunting' [act. intr.]. 'i-| 'away, off'.

     4. b88 'deer'.

     5. nai[tseen1'a 'he killed then, it is said'. Third person imperfective of naa-|...[si- perf.]-[-tsee 'to kill several' [act. tr. with plural object only]. nai- > naa-| 'about' plus yi- third person object.

     6. d1s7g0zh=go 'just as'. d1s7- 'just, exactly' [part.]. g0zh=go, see note 1.13, 3.

     7. yiya[h44[go 'he, killing it'. 3rd person prog. of si-...[si perf.]-[-gh4 'to kill one' [act. tr.]. The prefix si- referring to killing becomes yi- when preceded by a pronoun object or the deictic elements. Thus yi- 3rd person obj. plus si- plus ha- 3rd person prog. plus -[- classifier becomes yiya[-. The initial consonant of the stem assimilates in voice to the preceding -[-.

     In this passage, the number of the noun is determined by the verb. b88 'deer', in the preceding sentence, is plural because its verb requires a plural object. In this sentence, it is singular because its verb requires a singular object.

     8. baahag11[n1'a 'he was coming to him; it is said'. baa- > bi- third person object plus aa- 'to' [pp.]. Ordinarily yi- rather than bi- should be used here since the subject is also third person [see Grammatical Sketch, 11]. hag11[, third person progressive of -y1 'one moves' [act. intr.] . For the stem, see note 1.15, 2.

     By employing the progressive mode in this line and the two following, the informant conveys the impression that this happening was a customary one with Killer of Enemies.

     9. baahaya[t44[n1'a 'he was taking it away from him, it is said'. baa- > bi- third person object plus aa- 'from' [pp.]. Here, again, bi- is used instead of yi [see 8 above]. Note also the variety of meanings associated with the postposition 22- : 'to' in 8, 'from' in this example. See also notes 1.15, 8; 1.8, 5; and 1.19, 3.

     haya[t44[ third person progressive of haa- | [hi- perf.]-tee 'to take an animate object away' [act. tr.; haa- | 'away, out').

     10. dooy1adago '[having] nothing'. y1a 'something'; doo-...da negative.

     11. nn1had11[n1'a 'he was coming back home, it is said. Third person prog. of ni-n1-ni...[si- perf.]-d1 'one returns [home]' [act. intr]. ni- 'to an end, to a stop'; n1- 'back' [requires the -d- form]; ni- completive [occurs only in the imp. mode]. For the stem. see note 1.15, 2.

     12. bigee 'because of him'. -gee 'because of' [pp.], bi- third person pronoun.

     1. d1ha'y1 n[dzil sil9n1'a 'he had become stronger, it is said'. d1ha'y1 'somewhat; ha'- indefinite pronoun stem plus d1- 'just' and -y1 postposition. n[dzil 'he is strong', see note 2.1, 1. sil9, third person si- perf. of -laa 'to become' [act. intr.].

     2. bim1] 'his mother'. -m1 'mother'.

     3. '1yii[ⁿd7n1'a 'he spoke thus to her, it is said'. See note 1.15, 2.

     4. k'aa sh1'1gol1 'make arrows for me' should read k'aa sh1'1g0l1. k'aa 'arrows'; sh1- > shi- first person object plus 11- 'for' [pp.]. '1...[? perf.]-l1 'to make' [act. tr.] '1- 'thus']. go 3a object refers to arrows. The text form is second person imperfective.

     5. shik'is6 'my brother'. -k'is 'sibling of same sex'; -6 ?.

     6. bi[d4shzhaa 'I've started to go hunting with him'. bi- 'him'; -[- 'with, accompanying' [pp.]; d4shzhaa, first person perf. of di-...[si- perf.] -d zh1 'to hunt [act. intr.; di- inceptive]. di- plus s7- gives d4-. This verb is sometimes conjugated in the perfective as a -d- verb and at other times as a zero verb.

     1. doodaagoodzaadago 'it being impossible'. doo-...-da negative. daagoodzaa, third person perf. of daa-go-...[? perf] -- ⁿd1 something happens, is done' [act. intr.]. daa-go- is indefinable.

     2. '1]ⁿd7 'you say thus'. Second person imp. of '1-di-...[hi- perf.]-nd7 'to say thus' [act. intr.]. '1 'thus, so'; di- noise. In the second person imp., di- becomes n-.

      Literally, this line reads 'My child, it being impossible you say thus'.

     3. nii[he 'he will kill you'. nii[- > ni- 2nd person object plus si- prefix and -[- classifier. Stem -gh4 [-h4 by assimilation to the preceding -[-] 'to kill one' [act. tr.]. See note 2.1, 7

     4. naago[tsee 'he kills them'. 3rd person imp. with 3a object of n11- |...[si- perf.]-[-tsee 'to kill several' [act. tr.]. See note 2.1, 5.

     1. d1'1gh1t'4ndah 'in spite of this'. This is one of the few analyzable particles. d1- 'just'; '1gh1t'4 'it is so' [see note 1.22, 4], ndah 'but' [part.].

     2. 1h2h 'hurry' [part.]. Cf. h2h 'hurry,in a hurry' [part.].

     3. 9y22 'so, therefore, for that reason' [part.]

     1. '1gh1jiⁿd77b3 'because he spoke so'. '1gh1jiⁿd77, 3rd person imp. of '1gh1-di-...[hi- perf.]-ⁿd77 'to speak so, [act. intr.]. '1gh1- 'thus, so'; di- noise. The latter drops out in the 3rd and 3a persons of the imperfective.

      -7 relative enclitic; -b33 > bi- 3rd person object plus -33 'by reason of, because of' [pp.].

     2. '17 higee 'because of that'. '17 refers to what Child of the Water said. hi- variant 3rd person pronoun [see note 1.14, 5], -gee because' [pp.; see note 2.1, 12].

     3. hichan1'a 'she weeps, it is said. 3rd person imp. of -cha 'to weep' [act. intr.]. hi- peg element, see Grammatical Sketch 18.

     1. d1dook1h1t'9dago 'although she did not want him [to go]. d1...-go 'although, even though'; doo-...-da negative; k1- > go- 3a obj. plus 1- 'for' [pp.]. h1t'9, 3rd person of h1-...-t'9 'to be willing, to want to' [imp. neut. intr.]

     h1- may be the prefix 'for' that appears in h1-ni-...[si- perf.]-t1 'to look for' and other verbs and -t'9; the same theme as in '1-ni-..-t'9 'to be so' [imp. neut. intr.; '1- 'so'; ni- adj.].

     2. d1k1bi[g0gh4go 'although she was afraid for him'. d1- -go 'although, even though; k1- > go- 3a obj. plus d1- 'for' [pp.]; bi[- > bi- 3rd person obj. plus -[ 'with, accompanying' [pp.]. g0gh4 'there is fear', place subject of ni-...-gh4 fear exists' [imp. neut. intr.; ni- adj.].

     3. Naagh44'neesgh1n4]bi[ 'with Killer of Enemies'. Naagh44'neesgh1n4] 'Killer of Enemies' [see note 1.2, 5] plus bi- 'him' and -[- 'with, accompanying.

     4. jideezhaan1'a 'he started to hunt it is said'. 3a person perf. of di-...[si- perf.]-zh1 'to start to hunt' [act. intr. ; di- inceptive]. di- plus si- gives dees- but the final -s- is lost before voiced spirantal stem initials.

     1. koy1 'yonder'. Cf. note 1.15, 7.

     2. ch'4j7]'11zhn1'a 'the two went out, it is said'. 3a person perf. of ch'4-ni- [ni- perf.]-'11zh 'two go out' [act. intr.]. The theme means 'two move' [act. intr.]. ch'4- 'out'; ni- completive [appears only in the imperfective].

     3. ⁿd1s4y1 'farther on'. ⁿd1s4- [also heard ⁿd1s1-] 'farther on' plus the postposition -y1.

     4. jazha 'they were hunting'. 3a prog. of -zha 'to hunt' [act. intr.. Cf. note 2.1, 3.

     5. jiyeesx9n1'a 'they had killed it, it is said'. 3a person perf. of si-...[si- perf.][-gh4 to kill one' [act. tr.]. Cf. note 2.1, 7.

     6. n7'ji['ahn1'a 'they butcher it, it is said'. 3a person imp. of n7-...[si- perf.]-[-'ah 'to butcher' [act. tr.]. n7- thematic prefix. '- a reduced form of 'i- indefinite object.

     7. n7'ji['ahn1'a 'they had butchered it, it is said' . 3a person per. of n7-...[si- perf.]-[-'ah 'to butcher' [act. tr.]. See 6 above.

     8. k -- de'shd00[j4n1'a 'they built a fire, it is said'. k -- 'fire' plus 3a person perf. of de-'i-di-...[hi- perf.]-jaa 'to build a fire' [act. intr. ?]. de-di- prefix referring to fire; 'i- indefinite object (?). -sh- is a reduced form of the 3a subject pronoun ji-.

     9. 'its88 'meat'. Note the use of 'i- indefinite possessor; -ts88 is one of the nouns which cannot be used without a possessive prefix [see Grammatical Sketch, 5].

     10. ts7zh00'3n1'a they had put it an the fire, it is said'. 3a person perf. of c7-|...[hi- perf.]-'aa 'to put a round object on [or in] 'the fire' [act. tr.]. Theme: 'to handle a round object' [act. tr.]. tsi-| 'in the fire'. The "round object" is, in this case, a piece of meat.

     11. iist'4n1'a 'they had cooked it, it is said'. 3a person perf. of ...[si- perf.]-[-t'ees 'to cook, roast, fry' [act. tr.]. The alternation between t'ees [imp.] and -t'4 [perf.] is an unusual one.

     12. t['oh 'grass, hay'.

     13. j00zhizhn1'a 'they had pulled it up, it is said'. 3a person perf. of ...[hi- perf.]-zh77sh 'to break off, to pull up' [act. tr.].

     14. koy1 'right there". Note the variety of meanings associated with this form. Cf. notes 1.15, 7 and 1, this note.

     15. nj7]jaan1'a 'they had put it down, it is said'. 3a person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-j11sh 'to put a mass down' [act. tr.]. Theme: 'to handle a mass' [act. tr.]. ni- 'down, to a stop'; ni- completive.

     The verb just analyzed is one of the so-called "verbs of handling." It will be noted that there are several of these, the choice in any context depending upon the nature of the object handled. Here the object is a bunch of grass which is classed as a bundle or mass. Cf. notes 2.7, 10; 2.1, 9; 1.15, 1; 1.14, 1; 1.12, 3, 8; 1.11, 5; and 1.22, 1.

     16. bik1y1 'on it'. -k1 'on, upon, surface' [indep. pp.].

     17. ]j7]'3n1'a 'they had put it down, it is said'. 3a person perf. of ni-ni...[ni- perf.]-'aa 'to put a round object down' [act. tr.]. The theme: 'to handle around object' [act. tr.]. ni- 'down'; ni- completive. Cf. 15 above; here the referent is a piece of meat.

     18. bich'88jineesk4n1'a 'they had sat down before it, it is said'. -ch'88 'toward, facing, before' [indep. pp.]. jineesk4, 3a person perf. of ni-...[si- perf.]-kee 'two sit down' [act. intr.] ni- terminative prefix.

     1. 'e'jinii[gha[go 'they, starting to eat'. 3a person imp. of 0ee-'i-ni|...[ni- perf.?]-[-ghaa[ 'to begin eating' [act. intr.?]. ee- is shortened before the following glottal stop. This verb is sometimes conjugated in the -1- class; note that the initial stem consonant does not assimilate in voice to the preceding [- [such assimilation does not occur when -[- is historically an -1-]. Pref ixes indefinable but cf. ... [hi- perf.]-1-gha[ 'to eat' [act. tr.]. Both verbs, incidentally, refer specifically to the eating of meat or meat-like substances.

     2. ka]y1n1'a 'he came to them, it is said'. ka- > go- 3a obj. plus aa- 'to'[pp.]; kaa- becoming ka- when followed by -n- plus consonant. [- 3rd person ni- perf.; -y1- perf. stem of y1- 'one moves' [act. intr.]. See note 1.15, 2.

     3. d1yii[ts1e 'as soon as he had seen him'. d1-...-ee 'as soon as, just as' [d1- 'just, procl.; -ee 'at', pp.]. yii[ts1. 3rd person perf, with 3rd person obj. of hi-|...[ni- perf.]-[-ts4 'to see' [act. tr.]. See note.1.19, 3.

     4. ha0chan1'a 'he had burst out crying, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of ha-|...[hi- perf.] cha 'to break out crying' [act. intr.]. ha-| 'out'. Cf. note 2.5, 3.

     5. sid1n1'a 'he sat, it is said'. 3rd person of -d1 'one sits' [si- perf. neut. intr.].

     1. 'iy1ab22 'why' 'iy1a 'what'. b22 > bi- 3rd person obj. plus -22 'for, because of [pp.]'.

     2. ncha 'you weep'. 2nd person imp. of ...[hi- perf.]-cha 'to weep' [act. intr.]. Cf. note 2.5, 3

     3. b7ni 'stop, let it go', Interjection.

     1. ⁿd4 doonzh=da 'the evil person'. ⁿd4 'person'. doo-...-da negative; nzh= 'he is good' [see note 1.4. 2]; -] relative enclitic.

     2. nahch'88hog11[] 'he who is coming toward us'. nah- 'us'; -ch'88 'toward' [pp.]; hog11[ 3rd person prog. of -y1 'one moves' [act. intr.]; relative enclitic.

     3. higee 'because of him'. -gee 'because of'; hi- variant 3rd person object.

     1. be'jiny3go 'they having started to eat it' . 3a person perf. of Oee-'i-ni-...[-ni- perf.]-y9 'to begin to eat' [act. intr.]. Prefixes indefinable but cf. ... [hi- perf.]-y3 'to eat' [act. tr.]. Cf. also note 2.8, 1.

     2. bich'88zhineesk4n7 'those who had sat down before it' bich'88zhineesk4 'they had sat down before it' see note 2.7, 18]. -n past tense enclitic; -7 relative enclitic.

     A better translation of this phrase would be 'then, though the two who had sat down before the meat had begun to eat it , ...'.

     3. kaan1yin'3n1'a 'he took it away from them, it is said'. kaa- 'from them' [go- plus aa- pp.]. n1yin- > n1-yi-di-ni- [see note 1.22 1]; n1-di- 'upward'; yi- 3rd person obj.; ni- perf. -3, perf. stem of -'aa 'to handle around object' [act. tr.]. Literally 'he had picked up the round object from them'.

     4. doos99[7 [should read doosh99[7] 'that which I will eat'.First person future of ... [hi-perf.]-y3 'to eat' [act. tr.] plus -7 relative enclitic. The stem consonant gh- [-gh99[, prog. stem of -y3 'to eat] assimilates to the final consonant of the prefix complex doosh-.

     5. daahi[ts'i'1['9 'you have that'. daahi[ts'i- meaning unknown. '1['9 2nd person imp. of '1...[hi- perf.]-[-'9 'to do so to, to treat' [act, tr.]. '1- 'thus, so'.

     1. '1n11d00dl77[7'33 'that which you will again make so'. '1- 'thus, so'; n11- 'again'; d00- 2nd person fut.; -dl77[-, -d- form of -l77[-, prog, stem of -11 'to make' [act. tr.]; -7 relative enclitic; -'33 interrog. enclitic. A better translation: 'that which you expect to make so'.

     2. '1sh'88 'I have prepared it'. First person perf. of '1-...[? perf.]-[-88 'to make, prepare' [act. tr.].

     Child of the Water, in this remark, is emphasizing that he, not his timid brother, prepared the meat which the Giant has stolen.

     1. '1ghazh8go 'over there'. '1gha- 'there' [demonstr. stem] plus -zh8 'to' [pp.] and -go subordinating enclitic. See Grammatical Sketch, 3.

     2. neesd1zh8 'where he sat down'. neesd1- 3rd person perf. of ni-...[si- perf.]-d11 'one sits down' [act. intr.]. ni- terminative. See note 2.7, 18. zh8 'to' [pp.].

     3. niy7]'3n1'a 'he put it down, it is said'.

     3rd person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-aa 'to take a round object from someone' [act. tr.]. See note 2.17, 3.

     4. baan1shn3n1'a 'he took it from him, it is said. 3a object pronoun of Oaa-n1-di-|...[ni- perf.]-aa 'to take a round object from someone' [act.tr.]. baa- 'from him'; n1shn- > n1-ji-di-ni-; n1-di 'upward' [di- becomes n-] ji- 3a subject [reduced to -sh-]; ni- perfective. See note 2.17, 3.

     Note how, in this and the three lines following, the two third persons are distinguished by the use of the 3a object pronoun. When Child of the Water is taking meat from the Giant, the indirect object is expressed by bi- [baan1shn3n1'a 'he took it from him, it is said'] and when Giant takes it from Child of the Water, the indirect object is expressed by go- [kaan1yin'3na'a he took it from him, it is said].

     5. d99nn1n exactly four times'. d99-, combining form of d99'-,? 'four'; -n 'times'; -n1 'only, exactly'; -n 'times' (?).

     6. 'i[d4n1n1j00 '3n1'a 'they passed it between themselves, it is said'. 'i[- reciprocal noun; -d4 'between, from one to another' [pp.]; n1n1- 'again and again'; j00- 3a person, hi- perf. -'3 perf. stem of -'aa 'to handle a round object [act.tr.]

     1. haad7 'what'. Interrog. stem haad- plus relative enclitic -7. See Grammatical Sketch, 4.

     2. nk'a'go 'being your arrows'. n- reduced form of ni- 2nd person poss.; -k'a' possessed form of k'aa 'arrows; -go subordinating enclitic.

     3. hash7nk4 'you are fierce'. 2nd person of ha-...-d-k4 'to be fierce, war-like, pugnacious' [si- perf. neut. intr.].

     This remark is better translated. "What are our arrows, you [who] are fierce?" Or, in freer translation; "Of what are your arrows made that you can be so warlike?"

     1. bik'aa'7 'his arrows' should read bik'a'7. See note 2.14 ,2.

     1. 'nj11sh22 'hand them here'. 'nj11sh, 2nd person imp. with indefinite obj. of ni- [ni- perf.]-j11sh 'to move a bundle to' [act. tr.]. ni- completive. -sh22 exclamatory enclitic.

     2. n1k'4dishxaa[ 'I'll look at them for you'. ni- > ni- 2nd person obj. plus 1- 'for' [pp.]. k'4dishxaa[, 1st person imp. of k'4-di-...[si- perf.]-ghaa[ to look at' [act. t r.]. Prefixes. k'4- 'at', cf. di-...[si- perf.]-ghaa[ to look' [act. intr.]; di- inceptive [?]. Stem -ghaa[ becomes -haa[ by assimilation to preceding -sh-.

     1. baaj7]jaan1'a 'he gave them to him, it is said'. 3a person perf. of Oaa-ni-...[ni- perf.]j11sh 'to give someone a bundle' [act. tr.]. aa- to [pp.]; ni- completive; -j11sh 'to handle a bundle' [act. tr.].

     2. k'aan7 'the arrows'. k'aa 'arrows' plus -n past tense enclitic and -7 relative enclitic. The past tense enclitic, used with a noun, indicates that it is one which has been mentioned before.

     3. bitsile 'his anus'. Noun with constant possessor. See Grammatical Sketch, 5.

     4. k1y4ishjaan1'a [should read k1y4isjaan1'a 'he rubbed them on it for him, it is said. k1- 'for him'. y4isjaa, 3rd person perf. of 04-...[si- perf.]-jish 'to rub something on something' [act. tr.]. 4- 'on, against' [pp.]. y4is > yi- indirect 3rd person obj; -4 'on'; yi- direct 3rd person object; and si- perfective.

     5. gh1h1 'away, over there'. gh1h- 'there, yonder' plus -y1 pp. See Grammatical Sketch, 3.

     6. d1doodees'9day1 'where he did not look. d1- 'just; doo-...da negative; -y1 pp. dees'9 'he looked', 3rd person perf. verb apparently with a prefix di-. Only the perfective mode is found in Chiricahua.

     7. k1yaan1y7]ⁿdiln1'a 'he threw them away for him, it is said'. k1- 'for him'. yaan1y7]ⁿdil 3rd person perf. with 3rd person obj. of ya-n1-ni-...[ni- perf]-ⁿdil 'to throw several away back' [act. tr.]. yaa- 'away' (?); n1- 'back'; ni- completive. Theme: 'to handle several scattered objects' [act. tr.]. The use of this theme in placeof -jaash 'to handle a bundle' [act. tr.], which was previously used to refer to the arrows, indicates that the Giant scattered the arrows.

      ⁿd7'a 'you!'. ⁿd7 [variant ⁿd77-] independent pronoun for the second person; 'a enclitic denoting emphasis or exclamation.

     1. b4]ch'iy4ntsaaz7 'big pine logs'. b4]ch'iy4 [also heard b4]ch'i'] 'pine trees, pine logs'. n-tsaaz, 3rd person of ni-...-tsaaz 'to be big, bulky' [imp. neut. intr. ; ni- adj.]. -7 relative.

     2. biyeeshxahy1 'at his side'. -eeshxah 'in the vicinity of, near' [pp.]; bi- 'his'; -y1 [pp.]

     3. sizhoozh7 'that were lying in rows'. 3rd person of -zhoozh 'a set of parallel objects lie' [si- perf. neut. intr.] plus -7 relative.

     4. k1y0[chin1'a 'he pointed them out for him, it is said'. k1- 'for him'. y0[chi, 3rd person imp. with 3rd person obj. of h0-...hi- perf.]-[-chi 'to point at, to indicate' [act. tr.]. Prefix indefinable.

     1. n1diidz1n1'a 'he arose, it is said'. n1dii- > n1-di- 'upward' plus ni- perf. dz1, perf. -d- stem of -y1 'one moves' [act. intr.; see note 1.15, 2].

     2. b4]ch'iy47 shik'a' bi[jiⁿd7n7 'the logs he had told him [were] his arrows'. b4]ch'iy47 'the pine logs; shik'a 'my arrows'; bi[jiⁿd7 'he told him'; -n past tense enclitic; -7 relative. Literally: 'the pine logs "my arrows" that he had told him.

     3. k1ik'inaaheesj88n1'a 'he rubbed his anus on them for him, it is said'. k1- 'for him'. -ik'i- > yik'i- 'on them'. aa-hi-...[si- perf.]-[-j88 'to slide one's anus; to sit along; to move along while sitting' [act. intr.]. Cf. ni-...[si- perf.] 'to sit down, to perch' [act. intr.; ni- terminative].

     1. 'i[aanaagot'aashn1'a 'they quarrelled with each other, it issaid'. 'i[- reciprocal pronoun; aa- 'from' [pp.]. naa-|...[si- perf.]-'aash 'two move about, here and there' [act. intr.]. i[- causes the stem to have the -d- form. Literally: 'they walked about from one another'.

     2. 'i[k'id3 'long ago' [part.]. Cf. the enclitic -d3 'time past'.

     3. ndah 'but' [part.].

     4. goch'88sid1n1'a 'he sat before him, it is said'. -ch'8 'before, facing, towards' [indep. pp]

     1. 'i[nn[t'0 'let's shoot at each other'. first person dual imp. with reciprocal prefix 'i[- of ni-...[ni- perf.]-[-t'0 'to shoot at' [act, tr.; ni- completive].

     2. t'4h4]dooda7 'that you are so brave'. t'4h4]doo, 2nd person of t'4-h4-ni-...-doo, to be brave' [imp. neut. intr.]. Prefixes indefinable, -da 'even, so' [encl.]; -7 relative.

     3. b4gooz88 'it will be known'. 3rd person imp. of 04-go-|...[si- perf.]-z88 'knowledge about something comes' [act. intr.]. 4- 'about'; go- ?.

     1. sh1nan]ⁿd1 'you stand over there for me'. sh1- 'for me'. Prefixes na-ni-ni- indefinable except that the final ni- is probably completive. -ⁿd1, 2nd person imperf. stem of -y1 'one moves' [act. intr.]. See 1.15, 2.

     2. ninsht'0 shoot at you'. First person imp. with 2nd person obj. of ni-...[ni- perf.]-[-t'0 'to shoot at' [act. tr.]. See note 2.22, 1.

     1. k1nan]y1n1'a 'he stood over there for him, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 01-na-ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-y1 'to stand over there for someone' [act. intr.]. See note 2.24, 1.

     2. d99n 'four times'. d99- combined form of d99' 'four'; -n 'times'.

     3. g0][t'on1'a 'he shot at him, it is said', 3rd person perf. with 3a obj. of ni-...[ni- perf.]-[-t'0 'to shoot at' [act. tr.]. See note 2.22, 1.

     4. d77k'een 'every time'. d77k'ee- combined form of d77k'eh 'all, every' [part.]; -n 'times'.

     5. gosiin1'a 'he missed him, it is said', 3rd person imp. with 3a obj. of ...[hi- perf.]-[-zii 'to miss [a mark in shooting]' [act. tr.]. -[- combines with the initial stem consonant.

     1. b4shgai'4 'flint'. Possibly an old compound of b4sh 'flint' [ < b4sh-]; -gai 'white', cf. [i-ni-...-gai 'to be white' [imp. neut. intr.; [i-ni- adj. prefixes]; and the relative -4.

     2. d99'go 'being four'. d99' 'four'; -go subordinating enclitic.

     3. i[k11'sijaago 'being laid on top of one another'. i[- reciprocal prefix, -k11'-, variant of -k1 'top, surface' [indep. pp.]. sijaa 'a mass lies' [3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.].

     4. bi'4den1'a '[was] his coat, it is said', possessed form of '4' 'coat'.

     5. dooka'0l7dan1'a 'he was not afraid of him, it is said'. doo-...-da negative. ka'0l7, 3rdperson of Oaa-'i-ho-...-l7 'to be suspicious of, to fear, to have no faith in' [imp. neut. intr.]. aa- 'about' [?]; 'i-ho-- ?.

     1. 'ik1sh9go 'the topmost'. 'ik1 'top, surface' [-k1 with indef. pronoun]; -sh9 'from' [pp.]; -go subordinating enclitic. Literally: 'being from the surface'.

     2. go'4den7 'his coat'. -'4de, possessed form of '44 'coat'; -n past tense enclitic [see note 2.17, 2]; -7 relative.

     3. goghahnaadz00[teeln1'a 'it had slid off him, it is said'. -ghah 'off' [pp.]. naadz00[teel. 3rd person perf. of naa-dzi-...[hi- perf.]-[-t44[ 'to stream, to slide' [act. intr.]. naa- 'down'; dzi- ?

     4. n11bik'esh9go 'the next layer'. n11- 'again'; -k'e 'on' [pp.]. Literally: 'being from on it again'.

     5. '17[i'7 'this one'. '17 'that'; [i' 'this, the other'.

     6. t11n hilaaee 'for the third time'. taa- combined form of t17 'three'; -n 'times'. hilaa, 3rd person imp. of ...[si- perf.]-1aa 'to become' [act. intr.; hi- peg element]. -ee 'at' [pp.]. Literally: 'at its becoming the third time'.

     7. t11nee 'the third time'. t11- from t17 'three', -n 'times'; -ee 'at' [pp.].

     8. d1gon'osh9 'clearly, in plain sight'. d1gon'oh 'it is clear, plain, in plain sight' [no analysis]. -sh9 'from' [pp.].

     9. goj47 'his heart'. -je7 'heart', noun with constant possessor.

     10. naahihⁿd1n1'a 'it was beating, it is said'. 3rd person imp. of naa-hi-...[si- perf.]-d-ⁿd1 'to move, tremble, shake' [mediopas.]. Prefixes indefinable, but cf. di-yi-...[si- perf.]-ⁿd1 'to begin to move, shake' [act. intr.]. The -d- classifier becomes -h- before the stem consonant ⁿd- [see Grammatical sketch, 7].

     11. d1s7'i[ⁿd7y1 'right in the center'. d1s7- 'just, exactly' [procl.]; 'i[- reciprocal pronoun; -ⁿd7 'middle, center' [pp.]; -y1 postpositional enclitic.

     12. 'ij00sin1'a 'he had shot it off, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 'i-ji-...[hi- perf.]-[-zii 'to shoot off [an arrow]' [act. intr.]. 'I- 'off, away'; ji- ?.-[- combines with the initial stem consonant.

     1. 'iy1ahee should read 'iy1ahee 'what'.

     2. doot'9da7 'that which cannot be seen'. doo-...da negative; hot'9, 3rd person passive of '9 'to see' [prog. neut. tr.]; -7 relative.

     3. '1shi['88n1 'it has done so to me'. 3rd person perf. with first person obj. of 'a-...[? perf.]-[-'9 'to do to, treat' [act. tr.]. -n1 emphatic enclitic.

     1. n1n[ghee 'run'.2nd person imp. of n1-di-|...[ni- perf]-l-ghee 'to run' [act. intr.]. Prefixes indefinable but the theme, used with a variety of prefixes, seems to mean 'to move rapidly' [act. intr.]. In the 2nd person imp., di- becomes n-. Note that the 2nd person imp. has imperative connotation; see note 1.17, 2.

     2. nd44skaa 'he has started to fall'. 3rd person perf. of n7-di-...[si- perf.]-kaa 'a long object begins to fall' [act. intr.]. di- inceptive; n7- ?.

     3. nk'eeniikaa 'he will fall on you'. 3rd person imp. of O-k'e-ni-|...[hi- perf.]-kaa 'a long object falls on someone' [act. intr.]. -k'ee 'on'; ni-| ?. Cf. 2 above.

     1. 'i[4]z8n1'a 'he was happy, it is said'. See note 1.18, 5.

     2. naan1'azhishn1'a 'he was dancing around and around, it is said'. Prefix complex naa-n1-'i-... found only with the prog. paradigm. zhish prog. stem of zh77sh 'to dance' [act. intr.].

     1. baan1j7g9n1'a 'they carried it back to her, it is said'. baa- > dx bi- 3rd person obj. plus aa- 'to' [pp.]. n1j7g9, 3a person perf. of n1-ni-...[ni- perf]-d-ghee

     'to carry a burden back' [act. tr.]. n1- 'back', requires the -d- form; ni- completive. Theme: 'to carry a burden' [act. tr.].

     2. 'ih4hee 'good, thank you'. Interjection denoting pleasure and gratitude.

     3. 'ij00'11zhd3 'when they had gone away'. 3a person perf. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-'aash 'two go away' [act. intr.]. 'i-| 'away'. -d3 'at that time; time past' [encl.].

     4. doohiⁿd1kaay0l7da 'she had not expected them alive'. doo-...da negative; hiⁿd1, 3rd person of ⁿd1 'to live, to be alive' [imp. neut. intr.; hi- peg element ?]. kaay0l7, 3rd person with 3rd person obj. of Oaa-ho-...-l7 'to expect, to believe' [imp. neut. intr.]. Cf. note 2.28, 5.

     5. '17n7 'they'. '!7 'those'; -n past tense enclitic; -7 relative.

     6. baan1j7t'11zh 'they had come back to her'. For prefix complex, see 1, this note. -d- form of the perf. stem of -'aash 'two move' [act. intr.].

     7. b1nij7gh9 'they had brought it for her'. b1- 'for her'. nij7gh9, 3a person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-ghee 'to stop carrying a burden, to bring [act. tr.]. ni- 'to a stop'; ni- completive.

     8. b7nihoon1'a 'she was happy, it is said'. An unanalyzable form; cf. sh7nihoo 'I am happy', n7nihoo 'you are happy'.