1. 'iy1ad0 b7k1hinⁿd1n1 'why are you going to tire yourself out?' 'iy1a interrog. pronoun; -d0 'also, again'; b7k1 'because of it'; hinⁿd1, 2nd person imp. of hi-|...[ni- perf.]-y1 'to become tired' [act. intr.]. hi-| ?;-y1 'one person moves'.

     2. The third line of this passage is literally as follows: "To a little / in the house / on the ground / you are sitting down / just as you meet it / you are jumping up again."

     The verbs n==daa[go 'you are sitting down' and dahn11shdiy==t'i 'you are jumping out again', being in the progressive mode, give the connotation that this behavior is Coyote's customary behavior.

     d1bid1]ⁿd1y1 is composed of d1- 'just'; the 2nd person imp. of 0-d1-ni-...[ni- perf.]-y1 'one person meets someone' [act. intr.], and the postposition -ya.

     3. k -- shk'ee 'an empty or abandoned camp' [no analysis].

     4. 'in1nah9ⁿdi[ 'you are continually leaving us'. 2nd person iter. with 1st person dual obj. of 'i- |...[hi- perf.]-ⁿdi[ 'to throw several objects away; to abandon' [act. tr.].

     5. k'ad4ha'1da 'other places'. k'ad4- ?; ha'- indefinite pronoun: -1, reduced form of -y1 pp.; -da 'even' [?].

     6. '1kaada na[naan==ka 'take us with you over there'. '1kaa 'there'; -da 'even'. na[- 'with us' plus nan11- 'about, here and there' and the 2nd person prog, of -k1 'several move' [act. intr.].

     1. t07 dahda]l9 k'edaag=teel 'there are many broad rivers on [the road]'. t07 'the waters'. dah- 'up' [?]; da- from daa- distrib.; ]l9; 'they flow' [ni- perf. neut. intr.]. k'e- 'on'; daa- distrib.; g=teel 'they are broad' [place subj.; imp. neut. intr. with ni- adj.].

     2. daago][ch'i[ 'there are dense forests'. daa- distrib.; go- place subj.; ][ch'i[ 'there is a heavy growth of vegetation' [ni- perf. neut. intr.]. Cf. Chir. ]ch'il, ][ch'il with the same meaning.

     doot0y4daag=sida 'they cannot swim'. doo-...-da negative; t0 'water'; y4daag=s8, 3rd person distrib. of 04-go-ni-...-[-z8 'to know about' [imp. neut.].

     1. n1daag0]'3 'places'. n1- ?; daa- distrib.; go- place subject; ]'3 'it lies' [ni- perf. neut. intr.].

     2. doo'1kaashk44'daahahk1da 'do not follow me over there'. doo-...-da negative; '1kaa 'there'; -shk44'-, bound form of shik4 'after me'; daahahk1, 2nd person distrib. imp. of -k1 'several move' [act. intr.].

     3. b7nii- 'let it go' plus d1seen 'by myself' [?].

     The third line of this passage is literally as follows: "Just / everything / water / wood / and / anything / I'll handle it."

     1. dooh1]been11'9dl1da 'do not imitate anyone again'. doo-...-da negative; h1] 'anyone' plus the 2nd person imp. with indef. obj. of Oee-n11-...[? perf.]-d-l1 'to imitate again' [act. tr.]. ee- 'by means of'; n11- 'again' [requires the -d- class]; -l1 'to do, make'.

     2. d1doosh7da7n1 'though I do not do it'. d1- 'just'; doo-...-da negative; sh7 independent first person pronoun; -7 relative; -n1 emphatic enclitic.

     3. ch'4da'3t'97 'your failures'. ch'4da- 'in vain'; '3t'9, 2nd person of '1-ni-...-t'9 'to be so' [imp. neut. intr.]; -7 relative.

     nahee[t'4ne 'our relatives'. nahee[t'4 'they are like us, similar to us', 3rd person of 0ee...-[-t'4 'to be like, similar to' [imp. neut. intr.]; -ne 'people of such and such a group'.

     t'3y1 n1nee[ⁿdin1'a 'he looked back'. t'3y1 'backward' plus the 3rd person perf. of n1-ni-...[ni- perf.?]-l-ⁿdii 'to turn one's head back' [mediopas.]. Cf. note 5.16.

     d1'1kaⁿd1s==ⁿd11[ 'go right on in that direction!. d1- 'just'; '1kaa 'there'; ⁿd1s1 'on, further'; h=ⁿd11[ 'you are going' [2nd person prog.].

     d1hana[ⁿdin1'a 'he raised his head'. d1- 'just' plus the 3rd person perf. of ha-ni-...[hi- perf.]-1-ⁿdi 'to raise one's head' [mediopas.]. ha- 'up'; ni- ?; -1-ⁿdi 'to move one's head'. Cf. note 5.10.

     ts8bigod4 '=='17 bik4tsiny1 'at the foot of a stump standing there'. ts8 'tree'; bigod4 'its knee'. '=='17, relative in -7 of 'i-...-'1 'a rigid object extends' [hi- perf. neut. intr.]. bik4tsin 'its ankle' [see note 3.42, 2].

     The first line of this passage is literally as follows: "I / Rump people / those of us who are called."

     t['aay1]ne 'Rump people'. t['aa- 'buttocks, rump'; -y1 postposition [?]; -] relative; -ne 'people of such and such a group'.

     1. naan1k'3 'a ridge' [no analysis].

     2. ts'4baanaan1]t'i7 'cliffs'. ts'4 'rock'; baa- 'from it'; naa-n1- 'around about, circling around' plus the ni- perf. of -t'4 'to be strung' and the relative enclitic -7.

     gol3 'there are many' [imp. neut. intr. with place subject]; -n 'times'; ih4he 'thank you'; -[aha emphatic enclitic.

     1. nandasit3 'a ridge'; a synonym of naan1k'3 [see note 5.25, 1]. nan- 'on one's side'; dah- 'on, upon'; sit3 'a long slender object lies' [si- perf. neut. intr.]. See also nandahn11n1st3 'there was another ridge' later in this text passage. This is the above form with the added prefix n11n1- 'again'.

     2. [ahde '4deen11n1tan1'a 'sometimes he ran'. [ahde 'sometimes'. '4deen11n1ta, the 3rd person perf. of '4d-ee-n11n1-...[? perf.]-d-t1 'to run' [act. intr.]. '4d- reflexive; ee- 'by means of'; n11n1- 'again' [?]. -d-t1 'to move suddenly, [see note 4.3, 7 and 13].

     '7d07 'mountain lion'. Cf. Chir. ]d07 [See linguistic note to Chiricahua text 17.25, 1].

     d1'11d4j8 ⁿd1s4 'from that moment on'. d1- 'just, exactly'; -'11d4 ?; -j8 'to'. ⁿd1s4 'on, further'.

     d1goⁿd4h4 'a voice'. d1- 'just' plus a relative in -4 of goⁿd4, 3rd person imp. of go-...[si- perf.]-ⁿd4 'to shout' [act. intr.].

     t0'i[g=l97 'streams came together'. t0 'waters'; 'i[- 'together' [?]; g=l9; 'they were' [imp. neut. intr. with place subj. and ni- adj.]; -7 relative.

     1. d1'1ⁿd77d4 'truly, exactly, real, ordinary'. No analysis.

     2. d1kogoh7 'right at that moment, then'. No analysis.

     3. dooha'y0obich'88y1ch'i[tinzh=da 'he was unable to talk to him at all'. doo-...-da negative; ha'y1go 'in any way'; bich'88- 'to him'; y1ch'i[ti, 3a person imp. of y1-...[hi- perf.]-[-ti 'to talk' [act. intr.] ; nzh= ' it is good' [?]. The last mentioned form is often used as an intensifier but its position at the end of the combination is un- usual.

     'iⁿd1'ig1a['aash4 'all living creatures'. 'iⁿd1 'life, there is life' [sometimes heard 'iiⁿd1]; 'ig1a['aa 'varieties, species' [cf. note 4.34]; -sh4 'side, party'.

     Following is an analysis of the plant names mentioned in this passage. Those terms not listed cannot be analyzed. For a more precise definition of the botanical terms given in this text, see the publication by Castetter and Opler cited in Ethnological Notes to Chiricahua Apache text 39.9, note 9.

     tee[ts'0dz7 'spike rush'. tee[ 'tule'; -ts'0dz, cf. hits'0dz 'it is tapered, pointed' [imp. neut. intr]; -7 relative.

     tee[dishk'37 'sedge'. dishk'3 'it is blackish, clump-like, clod-like'.

     tee['1[ts' -- s7 'slender tule'. '1[ts' -- s 'it is slender' [imp. neut. intr.; prefixes '1-ni-].

     t1ghe't['oh'iitoo7 'water cress'. t1- 'water'; -ghe' 'in'; t['oh 'grass, plant'; 'iitoo, perf. of 'i-|...[ni- perf.]-t0 'to become red' [act. intr.].

     t['oh'iigaa7 'white violet'. 'iigaa, perf. of 'i-|...[ni- perf.]-g1 'to become white' [act. intr.].

     t['oh'iitsoo7 'asphodel'. 'its'oo, perf. of 'i| ...[ni- perf.]-ts0 'to become yellow,' [act. intr.].

     t['oh'iich77 'side oats grama [var.]'. 'iich7, perf. of 'i-|...[ni- perf.]-ch7 'to become red' [act. intr.].

     t['ohdiit['ish7 'blue-eyed grass'. diit['ish7, cust. of di-|...[ni- perf.]-t['77sh 'to become blue' [act. intr.].

     1. ⁿdiibik1t['oh'ig1a['aash4 'all the varieties of grass on the earth's surface'. ⁿdii - 'earth'; bik1 'its surface'; t['oh 'grass'.

     2. Following are the plant names in this passage that can be analyzed:

     t[ohk4stas7 'grama grass'. t['oh 'grass'. k4stas- ?; -7 relative.

     t['a[dei7 'false flax'. t['a-, compounded form of t['oh 'grass'; -[dei ?.

     t['o[ch7d7 'big blue-stem grass'. -[ch7d-, compounded form of the 3rd person of [i-ni-...ch7 'to be red' [imp. neut. intr.]. [ch is ambiguously drawn in the print copy, and could be interpretted as ts'; but it is clear from context that the form intended is ch -- MEC]

     t['o[t['idz7 [this appears as t['o[t['ij7 in the text -- MEC] 'wild violet'. -[t['idz may be related to ni-...-t['idz 'to be hard' or it may have been misheard for -[t['ij which is possibly related to da-ni-...-t['ij 'to be blue'.

     ⁿd4bit['oh7 'salt grass'. ⁿd4 'people, indians'; bit['oh 'their grass'.

     dzi[1t['ohk4stas7 'black grama grass'. dzi[ 'mountain'; -1 from -y1 'on';
t['ohk4stas7 'grama grass' [see above].

     t['ohbiⁿd1antsaa7 'red columbine'. biⁿd1a 'its eyes'; ntsaa 'they are big' [imp. neut. intr.]. biⁿd1a, literally 'its eyes', is understood to refer to the seeds of the plant.

     t['ohbiⁿd1ant['idz7 'wild barley'. nt['idz 'they are hard'.

     t['ohbiⁿd1a'1[ts' -- s7 [the text in the original contains an apparent misprint in which this word appears as t['ohbiⁿd1a'1[ch' -- s7 -- MEC] 'side oats grama [var.]'. '1[ts' -- s 'they are slender'.

     t['ohbiⁿd1a'i[aadaasijaa7 'rye grass'. 'i[- reciprocal; aa- 'to' plus daasijaa 'several masses lie' [si- perf. neut. intr. with the distrib.].

     t['ohbiⁿd1a'i[k4'dasijaa7 'candy grass'. Literally 'the grass on which masses of seeds lie on top of one another'. 'i[k4'- 'after one another'; dah- 'on, upon'.

     t['ohbiⁿd1a'i[k4']t'i7 'sideoats grama [var.]' Literally 'the grass on which the seeds are strung out after one another'. ]t'i 'they have been strung out' [3rd person ni- perf.].

     t['ohd1bil1tabinⁿd1adasijaa7 'big blue-stem grass'. Literally 'the grass the seeds of which lie massed just on its tip'. d1bil1ta 'just its tip'.

     t['ohbits'7l1d47deesdz17 'blue grass'. bits'7l1d47 'its tassels'; deesdz1 'it extends upward, it sticks out' [?].

     nanst1n4 'mesquite'. A relative in -4 of nan- 'on one's side' plus sit3 'a long slender object lies' [si- perf. neut. intr.]. A variant form of this word, naast1n4, is also heard. This is a relative in -4 of naa- 'here and there' plus sit3.

     The next two terms are unanalyzable. ts4sdis7 'screw bean' may be a compound of ts4 'rock' and -sdis-, a compounded form of hiisdis 'it has been twisted' [si- perf. pass.].

     g0]t'ish4 'all other varieties'. g0]t'i, the ni- perf. with place subj. of -t'4 'to be strung out'; -sh4 'side, kind'.

     hoshditsin7d0 'the thorny plants also'. hosh 'thorn, cactus'; ditsin7, relative of dits8 'tree'; -d0 'also'.

     The next two terms cannot be analyzed.

     hoshg=ts'iis7 [this form appears in the text as hoshg=ts'88s7 -- MEC] 'nipple cactus' is a compound of hosh 'cactus'; g=ts'iis- 'it is small [i. e., small-bodied]' [imp. neut. intr. with place subj. and ni adj.].

     hoshb47 'hedge-hog cactus'. -b47 ?.

     go[ch7d7 'prickly pear cactus'. Place subj. plus -[ch7d-, a bound form of [ich7 'it is red'.

     hoshbiz33y47[itso7 'strawberry cactus'. biz33y4 'little, small'; [itso 'it is yellow'.

     goshk'an 'yucca' [no analysis]. The three terms following are compounds of goshk'an and [iga7 'it is white', nⁿdeedz 'it is long, tall', and dijool 'it is ball-shaped', respectively.

     dits9]t'ish4 'all varieties of trees'. dits9 'trees' plus ]tish4 [see note 5.44, last paragraph].

     'ich7chiled0doon1'gong2d7 'live oak'. 'ich7chile 'oak'; d0- ?; doo- negative. n1'gong2d7 may bean some way related to n1-hi...-l-g2 'to be dried up, to be dead [of a tree or plant]' [si- perf. neut. intr.].

     'ighe'4[tsoi 'acorn oak'. 'ighe'4 'seed' [an archaic relative in -4 of 'ighe' 'in something' ?]; -[tsoi, a relative form of [itso, 'it is yellow'.

     t0g=l7n7 'willow'. t0 'water' plus the relative of g=l9 'it is'.

     The next three terms are compounds of t0g=l7n7 'willow', the ni- perfective of the prefix complex n1-daa-'i-| [n1- 'around'; daa- distrib.; 'i-| ?] and the perfective stems of -g1 'to become white', -t0 'to become red', -ch7 'to become red', and -ts0 'to become yellow', respectively.

     t0g=l7n7 'willow'; t'22- 'leaves'; 'i[d1'- 'above one another'; dasil1 'several lie upon' [si- perf. neut. intr. with dah- 'on, upon'].

     In the last term, [ib1 means 'it is gray' [imp. neat. intr.].

     1. The fourth line of this passage is literally as follows: "Beautiful hills / being green / with all sorts of plants / they were extending out / they came into existence, it is said."

     2. t['oh7'i['1n0o'1t'47bee 'with all sorts of plants'. t['oh7 'plants'; 'i['1n4 'different, varied'; -go subord.; '1t'4 'it is so'; -7 relative; -bee 'with them'.

     3. hadaayeest'9 'they were extending out' seems to be a distrib. 3rd person of ha-hi-...-t'9 'to be extending up, out' [si- perf. neut..intr.]. ha-hi- 'out'; -t'9 'to be'.

     4. dzi[7daah7k'3 'mountain ranges'. dzi[7 'mountains'; daah7k'3 'ridges, ranges' [cf. note 5.25, 1]. Cf. also biz33y0oh7k'3 'small ridges' in the next line of text. biz33y4 'small'; -go subord.; -h7k'3 'ridges'.

     5. The last line of this passage is literally as follows: "Some / to a distance / there being ridges / some / to the vicinity / there being ridges, / only mountains / with them to out of sight / they could be seen all around, it is said."

     6. 'in1daayeest'9 'they could be seen all around' seems to be a -d- form of the theme -'9 'to see' with the prefixes 'i- 'off, away'; n1- 'around' [?]; daa- distrib. The prefix complex is in the si- perfective but I do not understand the combination yee- preceding the si- prefix.

     1. naadaagoosteel 'there were many plains everywhere'. naa- 'here and there'; daa- distrib.; go- place subject; and the si- perfective prefix. -teel 'to be broad, flat'. Cf. n1daag0]teel 'there were clearings'; n1- 'around' [?]; daa-go- distributive place subject; ]- 3rd person ni- perf.

     2. [igotsaago 'broad'. This is apparently a verb [i-ni-...-tsaa 'to be broad' with the place subject prefix. Cf. ni-...-tsaa 'to be big'.

     3. d1goⁿd4h4 'just like' [no analysis].

     t07da hadaasl9 'there were many springs also'. t07 'the waters'; -da 'even'. hadaasl9, distributive si- perf. neut. of -l9 'to flow' with the prefix ha- 'out, up'.

     'idizh00sh4 'bullsnake' [no analysis].

     g0bitseegh1leg=l7n7 'rattlesnake'. g0 'snake'; bitsee 'his tail'; -y1le 'rattles'; g=l9 'there are'.

     g0naats'7steel7 'black water-snake'. -naats'7s- ?, cf. -ts'7s 'body'; -tee[, cf. ni-...-teel 'to be broad, flat'.

     g0bichohe7 'copperhead snake'. -bichohe-, cf. bicho 'his penis'.

     g0naat'a7 'whip snake'. naat'a 'he flys about' 3rd person cont. imp.; naa- 'about'.

     g0dij17 'blue racer'. dij1 'he runs fast' [imp. neut. intr.].

     g0ha'i[ts11s7 'the snake that is whipped'. ha'i[ts11s, an unanalyzable form of the verb -[-tsis 'to whip'.

     g0bit4lego[t07 'the red-bodied snake'. bit4le 'the front of his body'; go[t0 'it is red'.

     ma'ish=7 'lizard' [see linguistic notes to Chiricahua texts, 5.4].

     ma'ish=7tsiitsa7 'big-headed lizard'. -tsii 'head'; -tsa, a compounded form of ni-...-tsaa 'to be big' [imp. neut. intr.].

     ma'ish=7[ikij7 'spotted lizard'. [ikij 'he is spotted, speckled, vari-colored'.

     ma'ish=7dich'ij7 'rough lizard'. dich'ij 'he is rough-surfaced'.

     ma'ish=7tsee'1[d -- d7 'lizard [var.]'. -tsee 'tail'; '1[d -- d7 'it is short' [?].

     ma'ish=7haask47 'fierce lizard'. haask4 'he is fierce, pugnacious' [si- perf. neut. with prefix ha-].

     ma'ish=7nant'in7 'hiding lizard'. nant'8, 3rd person imp. of naa-ni-...[si- perf.]-d-'8 'to hide' [mediopas.].

     ma'ish=7tsee'i[ch'3go[gij7 'forked-tail lizard'. tsee- 'tail'; 'i[ch'3 'from each other'; go[gij 'there is a gap'.

      ma'ish=7ts8yaadasit97 'lizard that lies on trees'. ts8 'trees'; yaa- 'to it'; dah- 'on, upon'; sit9 'he lies'.

     l0osts' -- s4 is, literally 'mouse'. Cf. Chir. l00'sts' -- s4 in linguistic notes to Chricahua texts, 38.34, 2.

     l0osts' -- s4bijanteel7 'big-eared mouse'. bijaa 'his ear'; nteel 'it is wide, broad'.

     l0osts' -- s4bit4lego[ga7 'harvest mouse'. bit4le 'the front of his body'; go[ga 'it is white'.

     l0osts' -- s4bitseenⁿdeedz7 'jumping mouse'. bitsee 'his tail'; nⁿdeedz 'it is long'.

     l0osts' -- s4doodees'9da7 'shrew'. doodees'9da 'he cannot see'.

     l0osts' -- s4[itso7 'white-footed mouse'. [itso 'it is yellow'.

     l0osts' -- s4[9ghe'naa'iⁿdil4k'eh1t'47 'short-tailed meadow mouse'.

     [9ghe'naa'iⁿdil4 'gopher' [see linguistic notes to Chiricahua texts, 3.5, 2]; k'eh1t'4 'he is like, similar to'.

     l0ostso 'rat'. Cf. l0osts' -- s4 'mouse'. -tso 'big' [?] .

     l0osts' -- s4biⁿd1ahahita7 'big eyed rat'. biⁿd1a 'his eyes'; hahita, probably a form of the theme -t1 'to start, jerk, move quickly' with the prefixes ha-hi- 'out'. In this and the following term, l0osts' -- s4 has the meaning 'rat'.

     l0osts' -- s4biⁿdaah- ='17 'bulging-eyed rat'. h- ='1 'it extends out' [ha- 'out' plus the hi- perf. neut. intr. of -'1 'to extend [of a rigid object]'.

     l0osts' -- s4l0ostsok'eh1t'47 'long-tailed rat'. l0osts'o 'rat'; k'eh1t'4 'it is like, similar to'.

     l0osts' -- s4dit['ooy4 'hairy field mouse'. dit['ooy4 'it is fuzzy, hairy' [?].

     dl=='ye7d0 'prairie dog'. Literally 'the prairie dog also'. The three terms following also have the enclitic -d0 'also'.

     dl=7ntsoye7d0 'big prairie dog'. dl=7, another form of the word dl=='ye 'prairie dog'. ntso 'it is big'; -ye ?; -7 relative.

     l00's1n4 'squirrel' [no analysis].

     tseenaagaa7 'white-tailed deer'. tsee- 'tail'; naagaa 'whiteness moves about'.

     tseedat['ij7 'Virginia deer'. Literally 'the blue-tailed one'.

     b8ntsa7 'elk'. b88 'deer'; ntsaa 'it is big'.

     dzi[dib4h4 'mountain sheep'. dzi[ 'mountain'; dib4h4 'sheep'. [this note in the print original contains a misprint, beginning this word with 'j' rather than 'dz'. -- MEC]

     di[hi[ee7 'black bear'. di[hi[ 'it is black'.

     yaatsoi7 'brown bear' [no analysis].

     shash[igai 'white bear'. [igai 'it is white'.

     shashntsa7 'California bear', ntsaa- 'it is big'.

     shashk11'gooshch77l7 'silver tip bear' [no analysis]

     '7d07 'mountain lion'.

     '7d07tsee'1[d -- ye 'short-tailed mountain lion'. tsee- 'tail'; '1[d -- ye 'it is short' [cf. note 5.3, paragraph 5].

     '7d07bitseenⁿdeedz7 'long-tailed mountain lion'. nⁿdeedz 'it is. long'.

     n1shgoj4 'wild cat' [no analysis].

     '7d07[kij7 'jaguar'. [ikij7 'it is spotted'.

     naag0shch'idee 'badger' [no analysis].

     naag0shch'ideebighaa'1[d -- d7 'coarse-haired badger'. bighaa 'his hair'; '1[d -- d7 'it is short' [see note 5.57].

     k'eel77sh4 'skunk'. Cf. Chir. g0lizh4 [linguistic note to Chircahua texts, note 15.1, 1].

     1. bit'a'g=l9g0]t'ish4 'all the varieties of those with feathers'. bit'a' 'their feathers'; g=l9 'there are'; g0]t'ish4 'varieties'.

     2. 'igh37 'its1]t'ish4 'the varieties of hawk that kill'. 'igh3, 3rd person imp. with indef. object of ...[hi- perf.]-gh3 'to kill several' [act. tr.]. 'its1 'hawk, eagle'; ]t'ish4 'varieties'.

     'its1tso7 'eagle'. 'its1 'eagle'; -tso 'big'.

     'i[ch'3[gai7 'bald eagle'. 'i[ch'3 'from one another'; [iga 'it is white'.

     'itsee[kijee7 'female golden eagle'. -tsee 'tail'; [ikij 'it is spotted'.

     '4[chin4yii[cha'7 'black hawk. The informant translated this 'he who cries like a baby'. '4[chin4 'baby, child'. yii[cha'- cannot be identified as a form of -cha 'to cry'.

     'itsee[tsoli7 'red-tailed hawk'. Literally 'the yellow-tailed one'.

     go[gay1'itsee[kijee7 'Winston's hawk'. Literally 'the spotted-tailed one of the prairies'. go[ga 'plain, prairie, clearing'.

     g0]teelnaazhaa7 'marsh hawk'. Literally 'he who hunts about the flats'. naazhaa 'he goes about hunting'.

     The last two terms cannot be analyzed.

     'izh1sheenant'17tee[go[ga7 waxwing'. 'izh1shee 'bird'; nant'17 'chief'; tee[ 'tule'; go[ga 'plain'. Literally 'the chief bird of the plains' [?].

     'izh1sheenant'17[ib1y4 'titmouse'. [ib1 'it is gray'.

     ch'44nⁿd7y4[tsoy4 'goldfinch'. Literally 'yellow pine siskin'.

     'izh1sheetsiit'1[it07 'red-crowned kinglet'. tsiit'1 'top of the head'; [it0 'it is red'.

     The next two terms are not analyzable.

     'izh1shee[ib1y4tsiiyaahanda'naahi[j887 'whitebreasted creeper'. tsii- 'head'; yaa- 'under'; handa' 'rising sheer'; naahi[j88, 'blackness moves about'. Literally 'the bird which is gray under the head [and] black from there up'.

     j4ji[gal7 'white-breasted nuthatch'. j4ji- 'breast'; [iga 'it is white'.

     ts88[kaa[7 'woodpecker'. ts8 'wood'; yi[kaa[ 'he pecks it'.

     ts88[kaa[7'4nt'97 'Lewis woodpecker'. '4nt'9 'he is a witch'.

     ts88[kaa[7ntsa7 'California woodpecker'. ntsaa 'it is big'.

     The next term cannot be analyzed.

     t'1[t0d7 'flicker'. t'1- 'wing, feather'; -[-t0d- , a bound form [it0 'it is red'.

     1. The literal translation of the first line of this passage is as follows: "Those who eat bad things / all varieties of them / those who are of those that fly about / ravens / all kinds of them / first / that which he has come to. "

     2. nt-7yiy3sh4 'carrion-eaters'. nt- ' it is bad, evil'; yiy3 'they eat it'; -sh4 'those of such and such a group'.

     3. gaa'ye'its22shchoshyiy1n4 [this form appears in the text as gaa'ye'ich22shchoshyiy1n4 -- MEC] 'the ravens'. gaa'ye 'raven'; 'its22shchosh- 'carrion' [?]; yiy3 'they eat it'.

     4. gaa'yentsaa7 'raven'. ntsaa 'it is big'.

     go[gay1gaa'ye 'white-necked raven'. Literally 'plains raven'.

     gaa'yez33y47 'crow'. -z33y4 'little'.

     tseesh=='ye 'buzzard'. tsee- 'tail' -sh=='- ye ?.

     1. bikee'i[ch'3go[gijee 'those who have cloven hoofs'. bikee 'their feet'; 'i[ch'3 'from one another'; go[gij 'there is a gap'.

     bikee'i[aadaasijaa7 'those whose feet are bunched'. 'i[- reciprocal; aa- 'to'; daa- distributive; sijaa 'a mass lies'.

     2. shijaagheh d==ka 'you will tell me'. shijaa 'my ear'; -gheh 'in'; d==ka ?.

     3. doobents4'ikeesda7 'which have not stopped by means of him'. doo-...-da negative; bee- 'by means of him' plus nts4'ikees 'thoughts are to stop' [?]. I cannot analyze this form; cf. linguistic notes to Chiricahua texts, note 39.12, 4.

     4. dzi[1g0ochi7 'mountain pig'. dzi[ 'mountain'; -1, reduced form of -y1 pp.; g0ochi7, from the Spanish cochi 'pig'.

     ghooniitse7 'peccary'. The informant translated this 'the big-toothed one'. ghoo- is probably 'tooth' but niitse- is not identifiable with ni-...-tsaa 'to be big'.

     ⁿd77'goot['idz7 'common pig'. 'The hard-nosed one' [?].ⁿd77'-, cf. -ⁿd7 'nose, nostril'; goot['idz-, cf. ni-...-t['idz 'to be hard'.

     ma'cho7 'the wolves'. ma'-, cf. mai, ma'ye 'coyote'; -cho 'big'.

     k4'i[d4n1goghe'dees'ees] 'those with their feet turned inside out'. k4- 'foot'; 'i[d4n1go 'past one another, between one another' [cf. linguistic notes to Chiricahua texts, note 2.13, 6]; ghe'- 'inside'; 'dees'ees, the 3rd person perf. of the verb -'44s 'to move one's feet' with the prefix di- ?.

     ch00n4 'dogs'; ]t'i7 'all varieties'.

     naagoshⁿd4go hishtsi[go 'I shall howl and bark'. naagoshⁿd4, 1st person imp. of naa-go-...[si- perf.]-ⁿd4 'to shout around, to go about shouting' [act. intr.]. hishtsi[ seems also to be a 1st person imp. but I have no further information about it.

     1. daa'idiihⁿd7 'there was a roar of thunder'. 3rd person distrib. imp. of 'i-di-|...[hi- perf.]-d-ⁿd7 'a noise is made' [act. intr.].

     2. 'its1[t['00l7 'rainbow'. 'its1[- ?; -t['00l, poss. form of t['00l 'rope'.

     3. bi'1l00l7 g=l9] 'he was its power'. -'1l00l 'spiritual power'.

     da'njooln1'a 'it moved upward'. Should read dah'njool, the 3rd person perf. of dah-di-|...[ni- perf.]-joo[ 'a ball-like mass moves upward' [act. intr.] with indefinite subject [?].

     dood0danⁿd4nt==y4bi[ch'iⁿdile'1t'4da] 'he of whom one could certainly not say that he was an evil man'. doo-...-da negative; d0da- 'certainly' [?]; nⁿd4 'man'; nt==y4 'he is bad, evil'; bi[ch'iⁿdi 'one said to him'; -le optative encl.; '1t'4 'it is so'.

     ni'iits47 'your troubles'. -'iits4 'troubles, misfortunes' [no analysis].

     k'aats'os7'1t'47 'arrows'. k'aa 'arrows'; ts'os 'feathers'; '1t'4 'it is so'. Perhaps 'feathered arrows' would have been a better translation.

     d1g0b7'iban'1t'47 'tanned skins'. Literally, 'those which are indeed their tanned skins'.

     1. The literal translation of the first line is as follows: "Human beings / people like me / being in my trail."

     2. k'ehg=zh0n4beenaash17 'I am one who lives by what is beautiful'. k'eh- 'by reason of'; g=zh0n4 'that which is beautiful'; bee- 'by means of it'; naash1 'I go about, I live'.

     3. doosh4'edeegodi[ⁿd7dago 'they are not to speak evil of me even to themselves'. This form is not clear: doo-...-da negative; sh4- 'of me, about me'; '4dee- 'by means of oneself'. godi[ⁿd7 seems to be a form of the verb 'to say' but that theme has the zero rather than the -[- classifier. Where, too, does the connotation 'to speak evil' come from?

     1. t['ohnaaneesdidz7da 'vines'. t['oh 'plant'; naaneesdidz, 3rd person perf. of naa-ni-...[si- - perf.]-dis 'to twist about here and there' [act. intr.].

     ⁿdiibik11'naaneesdidz7da 'trailing vines' is the above word preceded by ⁿdii 'ground, earth' and bik11' 'on its surface'.

     2. b4]ch'iy4 'pines'. Probably an archaic relative in -4 of b4- 'against it' plus ]ch'i 'wind blows' [ni- perf. neut. intr.].

     nⁿdii7 gotahndaago 'since disease will be among them'. nⁿdii 'disease, sickness', the 3rd person of ni-...-ⁿdii 'to be hurt, sick; to have a pain' [imp. neut. intr.]. gotah 'among them' plus the 3rd person imp. of ni-...[si- perf.]-daa 'one person sits down' [act. intr.].

     1. d77k'eh7 bich'8nzh=go 'all of which will cure [diseases]'. d77k'eh7 'all, every one'. bich'88 'to it'; nzh= 'they are good'. Literally "all [the herbs] being good to [or, for] it [disease]".

     2. '4yaan1daa'shdi[k'3go 'some they will customarily burn for their smoke'. 3a person distrib. iter. of '4-yaa-'i-di-hi-...[si- perf.]-[-k'22 'to bathe oneself in smoke, to purify oneself in smoke'. '4- reflexive [?]; yaa- 'below, under [?]; 'i- ?; di-hi- 'fire' [?]. The theme alone means 'to burn'.

     3. The last line of this passage is literally as follows: "These / medicines / these / herbs / these / medicines which are holy / they will be called."

     1. t['osh4'izee] 'herb medicine'. t['oh 'herb, plant'; sh4- ?; 'izee 'medicine'. Note that the terms designating medicines all have the relative -] which is generally used only with nouns denoting persons.

     2. nigoozhishdeeda 'if they breathe you'. 3rd person dual imp. with 2nd person obj. of hi-|... [si- perf.]-zhish 'to sip' [act. tr.]. -deeda 'if, whether' [encl.].

     3. ⁿd4n1godadlee[ 'they will be cured'. 3rd person dual fut. of the -d- form of -laa 'to become' [act. intr.] with the prefixes ⁿd4-n1-. ⁿd4 is possibly the word for 'man, human being' and n1- the prefix 'again'. Literally 'they will become men again' [?].

     1. izeen1'ii[ⁿd1] 'medicine that moves for you'. 'izee 'medicine'; n1- 'for you' [?]; 'ii[ⁿd1, a causative 3rd person imp. of -d-ⁿd1 to move' [?].

     2. benk11'naagodazo 'they will mark you with it'. bee- 'by means of it'; nk11'- 'your surface'; the 3rd person dual fut. of naa-|...[si- perf.]-zo 'to make marks here and there' [act. intr.].

     3. ⁿd4n1'y==[chii[daa[ 'you will cure them'. This is obviously a 2nd person prog. with prefixes ⁿd4-n1-'i- [cf. note 5.84, 3]. I cannot, however, identify the theme of which -[-chii[ is the progressive stem. -daa[ future tense enclitic.

     'izeehootso] 'yellow medicine'. hootso 'it is yellow' [?].

     1. 'izei[g0]l9] 'you who are with medicine'. 'izee 'medicine'; -i[- from yi[- 'with it'; g0]l9-, 2nd person of go-ni-...-l9; 'to be'.

     2. '7l0ha[7 'hail club'. '7l0 'hail'; ha[ 'club'. See the ethnological note 17 to the English Translation of this passage [listed as '5.17' among the Ethnological Notes] [a misprint in the original incorrectly directs the reader to note 5.18 here -- -MEC]

     3. yengotsidaa[ 'they will pound you with it'. yee- 'by means of it' plus the 3rd person dual imp. with 2nd person obj. of ... [hi- perf.]-tsi 'to pound, strike' [act. tr.]. This is the rep. of -ts4 'to chop, strike'.

     4. d1h17bich'8]zh=daa[ 'you will cure anything'. d1- 'just'; h17, relative of h1- 'any'; bich'88 'to it'; ]zh=, 2nd person of ni-...-zh= 'to be good' [imp. neut.intr.].

     5. 'izeedoon1nee['3da] 'medicine without end'. n1nee['3 seems to be a combination of n1- ? and the unanalyzable form nee['3 'there are a certain number'.

     6. t['ohbiⁿd1a] 'red columbine'. t['oh 'plant, herb, grass'; biⁿd1a 'its eyes, seeds'.

     'izeehooto] 'red medicine'. hooto 'it is red' [?] . Cf. note 5.87.

     'izei[han1gach7] 'that redness which customarily emerges with medicine'. han1gach7, iter. of ha-go-...[hi- perf.]-ch7 'redness emerges, comes out' [act. intr.]. ha- 'out'; go- place subject [?]. I do not know why go- becomes ga- in the text form; perhaps by vocalic infection from the preceding prefixes?

     1. 'idisht['ish, a synonym for dat['ijee 'turquoise'. No analysis.

     2. doonaag0][t'4dago 'if you do not cause trouble'. naag0][t'4, 2nd person of naa-g0-di-...-[-t'4 'to be evil, bad' [imp. neut. intr.].

     3. ts4gh1n1s4go 'a group moving through rock'. ts4 'rock'; gh1- 'through'; n1-...-[-z4 'a group moves' [act. intr.]. n- ?.

     ts4b44shdi[hi[7 'iron'. 'stone'; b44sh 'metal'; di[hi[ 'it is black'.

     k'eeshch77 'galena' [no analysis].

     [eetso7 'yellow ochre'. [ee- 'dust'; -tso, compounded form of [i-ni-...-tso 'to be yellow'.

     gooshch77 'ashes' [no analysis].

     1. It will be noted that d1] 'food' has three possessive forms; -d33', -d1ne, and -d1].

     2. 'it'22]k'oj7] 'lamb's quarters'. 'it'22 'leaves'; ]k'oj-, related to ]k'==j 'it is sour'?

     The last line in this passage is literally as follows: "Just mankind / just curing / for that reason / medicines / I have made you so."

     'ia[ch77n1 'just curing' cannot be analyzed. See note 5.86, 3.

     izeehoⁿd11[ 'living medicine'. hoⁿd11[, 3rd person prog. of -y1 'one person moves' [?].

     ha'ich'iid4 'osha' An archaic relative in -4 of the 3rd person imp. with indef. obj. of ha-|...[hi- perf.]-ch'ii 'to dig out, up' [act. tr.].

     chogosht['7nee 'dock' [no analysis].

     ts8bi[n1daa'ch'i[t'oh7 'sumac'. ts8 'wood'; bi[- 'with it'; plus the 3a distrib. imp. with indef. obj. of n1-...[hi- perf.]-[-t'oh 'to smoke' [act. tr.]. Literally 'that wood with which they smoke'. Sumac is mixed with tobacco and smoked.

     s17'izee7 'sage'. s17 'sand'.

     ts8yan1go[chin7 'solanium tripolium'. ts8 'wood' [?]; yan1- ?; go[chin7, relative of go[ch8 'it smells, has an odor' [?].

     ts4gh1nees1hee 'primrose' [no analysis but cf. note 5.94, 3].

     'izeeb4d -- s7 'bitterroot'. -b4d -- s7 ?.

     'izeek4ghash[izhin7 'eriogonium'. k4ghash 'root'; [izh8 'it is black'.

     [9bizee7 'eriogonium jamesii'. [9 'horse'.

     'izeedi[t227 'cinquefoil'. di[t22- ?.

     'iy1n4bid33'7 'Mormon tea'. Literally 'cattle food'.

     t['ohbichaheg=l7n7 'coneflower'. t['oh 'plant'; bichahe 'its hat'; g=l9 'there is'.

     'izeebit'22da[ghadz7 'perezianana'. bit'22 'its leaves'; da[ghadz 'they are jagged'.

     ts4zh7 'sage' [no analysis].

     ts4zh7tso7 'cudwood'. -tso 'big'.

     ch'7ⁿdeezee 'wormwood'. No analysis.

     ch'4go[ch8 'wild pumpkin'. ch'4- ?; go[ch8 'it smells, has an odor'.

     dz4tso7 'wild plum'. dz4 'chokecherry'; -tso 'big'.

     ts8[tsoi7 'algerita'. Literally 'yellow wood '.

     1. 'i[eenahdiishⁿd77[ 'I shall put you all together'. 'i[ee- 'by means of one another' [?]; nah- dual object; diishⁿd77[, no analysis.

     2. nahaagodin7'3 'I have given you a chance'. 1st person perf. with place obj. of 0aa-di-ni-...[ni- perf.]-'aa 'to give someone a round object' [act. tr.].

     nahtah1dishx1 'I shall be with you'. nah- dual pronoun; -tah 'among'; h1dishx1, no analysis.

     '1sh9s9]ne 'you who are related to me'. 2nd person with 1st person obj. of '1-...-[-z9; 'to be related to' [imp. neut. tr.]. -] relative; -ne 'people of such and such a group'. I am not certain of this analysis; see note 2.6, 4.