Waley, Arthur . Tsunemasa
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Tsunemasa
Waley, Arthur

Creation of machine-readable version: Winnie Chan

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Conversion to TEI.2-conformant markup: University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center. ca. 15 kilobytes
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1997

   Japanese Text Initiative


Note: Footnotes in the print source have been moved to the end of the electronic document and numbered consecutively. For descriptive purposes, words or phrases preceding footnote markers in print source have been added to notes at the end of the electronic document.
About the print version


Tsunemasa
The No Plays of Japan
Arthur Waley

   1st Edition

pp. 51-56
Alfred A. Knopf
New York
1922

   Prepared for the University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center.



English
Romaji drama; poetry; prose Literature in Translation LCSH
Revisions to the electronic version
August 1997 corrector Sachiko Iwabuchi, Electronic Text Center
Added milestones to correspond with ZeaTsun.



January 1997 corrector Winnie Chan
Added TEI header and tags



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-51-



TSUNEMASA
By SEAMI

PERSONS

The Priest of Gyokei.
The Ghost of Taira No Tsunemasa.
Chorus.

Gyokei

    I am Gyokei, priest of the imperial temple Ninnaji. You must know that there was a certain prince of the House of Taira named Tsunemasa, Lord of Tajima, who since his boyhood has enjoyed beyond all precedent the favour of our master the Emperor. But now he has been killed at the Battle of the Western Seas.

    It was to this Tsunemasa in his lifetime that the Emperor had given the lute called Green Hill. And now my master bids me take it and dedicate it to Buddha, performing a liturgy of flutes and strings for the salvation of Tsunemasa's soul. And that was my purpose in gathering these musicians together.

    Truly it is said that strangers who shelter under the same tree or draw water from the same pool will be friends in another life. How much the more must intercourse of many years, kindness and favour so deep. . . 1



Surely they will be heard,
The prayers that all night long
With due performance of rites
I have reverently repeated in this Palace
For the salvation of Tsunemasa
And for the awakening of his soul.

Chorus


And, more than all, we dedicate
The lute Green Hill for this dead man;


-52-



While pipe and flute are joined to sounds of prayer.
For night and day the Gate of Law
Stands open and the Universal Road
Rejects no wayfarer.

Tsunemasa
[ speaking off the stage. ]


"The wind blowing through withered trees: rain from a cloudless sky.
The moon shining on level sands: frost on a summer's night." 2
Frost lying. . . but I, because I could not lie at rest,
Am come back to the World for a while,
Like a shadow that steals over the grass.
I am like dews that in the morning
Still cling to the grasses. Oh pitiful the longing
That has beset me!

Gyokei

    How strange! Within the flame of our candle that is burning low because the night is far spent, suddenly I seemed to see a man's shadow dimly appearing. Who can be here?


Tsunemasa
[ his shadow disappearing. ]

    I am the ghost of Tsunemasa. The sound of your prayers has brought me in visible shape before you.


Gyokei

    "I am the ghost of Tsunemasa," he said, but when I looked to where the voice had sounded nothing was there, neither substance nor shadow!


Tsunemasa


Only a voice,

Gyokei


A dim voice whispers where the shadow of a man
Visibly lay, but when I looked

Tsunemasa


It had vanished --



-53-
Gyokei


This flickering form. . .

Tsunemasa


Like haze over the fields.

Chorus


Only as a tricking magic,
A bodiless vision,
Can he hover in the world of his lifetime,
Swift-changing Tsunemasa.
By this name we call him, yet of the body
That men named so, what is left but longing?
What but the longing to look again, through the wall of death,
On one he loved?
"Sooner shall the waters in its garden cease to flow
Than I grow weary of living in the Palace of my Lord." 3
Like a dream he has come,
Like a morning dream.

Gyokei

    How strange! When the form of Tsunemasa had vanished, his voice lingered and spoke to me! Am I dreaming or waking? I cannot tell. But this I know, -- that by the power of my incantations I have had converse with the dead. Oh! marvellous potency of the Law!


Tsunemasa

    It was long ago that I came to the Palace. I was but a boy then, but all the world knew me; for I was marked with the love of our Lord, with the favour of an Emperor. And, among many gifts, he gave to me once while I was in the World this lute which you have dedicated. My fingers were ever on its strings.


Chorus


Plucking them even as now
This music plucks at your heart;
The sound of the plectrum, then as now
Divine music fulfilling


-54-



The vows of Sarasvati. 4
But this Tsunemasa,
Was he not from the days of his childhood pre-eminent
In faith, wisdom, benevolence,
Honour and courtesy; yet for his pleasure
Ever of birds and flowers,
Of wind and moonlight making
Ballads and songs to join their harmony
To pipes and lutes?
So springs and autumns passed he.
But in a World that is as dew,
As dew on the grasses, as foam upon the waters,
What flower lasteth?

Gyokei

    For the dead man's sake we play upon this lute Green Hill that he loved when he was in the World. We follow the lute-music with a concord of many instruments.

[ Music. ]
Tsunemasa

    And while they played the dead man stole up behind them. Though he could not be seen by the light of the candle, they felt him pluck the lute-strings. . . .


Gyokei

    It is midnight. He is playing Yabanraku, the dance of midnight-revel. And now that we have shaken sleep from our eyes. . .


Tsunemasa

    The sky is clear, yet there is a sound as of sudden rain. . . .


Gyokei

    Rain beating carelessly on trees and grasses. What season's music 5 ought we to play?




-55-



Tsunemasa


No. It is not rain. Look! At the cloud's fringe

Chorus


The moon undimmed
Hangs over the pine-woods of Narabi 6 Hills.
It was the wind you heard;
The wind blowing through the pine-leaves
Pattered, like the falling of winter rain.
O wonderful hour!
"The big strings crashed and sobbed
Like the falling of winter rain.
And the little strings whispered secretly together.
The first and second string
Were like a wind sweeping through pine-woods,
Murmuring disjointedly.
The third and fourth string
Were like the voice of a caged stork
Crying for its little ones at night
In low, dejected notes." 7
The night must not cease.
The cock shall not crow
And put an end to his wandering. 8

Tsunemasa


"One note of the phoenix-flute 9

Chorus


Shakes the autumn clouds from the mountain-side." 10
The phoenix and his mate swoop down
Charmed by its music, beat their wings
And dance in rapture, perched upon the swaying boughs
Of kiri and bamboo.
[ Dance. ]



-56-



Tsunemasa

   Oh terrible anguish!

    For a little while I was back in the World and my heart set on its music, on revels of midnight. But now the hate is rising in me. . . . 11


Gyokei


The shadow that we saw before is still visible.
Can it be Tsunemasa?

Tsunemasa


Oh! I am ashamed; I must not let them see me.
Put out your candle.

Chorus


"Let us turn away from the candle and watch together
The midnight moon."
Lo, he who holds the moon,
The god Indra, in battle appeareth
Warring upon demons.
Fire leaps from their swords,
The sparks of their own anger fall upon them like rain.
To wound another he draws his sword,
But it is from his own flesh
That the red waves flow;
Like flames they cover him.
"Oh, I am ashamed of the woes that consume me.
No man must see me. I will put out the candle!" he said;
For a foolish man is like a summer moth that flies into the flame. 12
The wind that blew out the candle
Carried him away. In the darkness his ghost has vanished.
The shadow of his ghost has vanished.

Footnotes



[1: the intercourse of many years] The relation between Tsunemasa and the Emperor is meant.

[2: "The wind blowing. . . on a summer's night."] I.e. the wind sounds like rain; the sands appear to be covered with frost. A couplet from a poem by Po Chü-i.

[3: "Sooner shall the waters. . . in the Palace of my Lord."] Part of the poem which Tsunemasa gave to the Emperor before he went to battle.

[4: Sarasvati] Goddess of Music, who vowed that she would lead all souls to salvation by the music of her lute.

[5: What season's music. . .] Different tunes were appropriate to different seasons.

[6: Narabi Hills] A range of hills to the south of the Ninnaji. The name means the "Row of Hills."

[7: "The big strings. . . low, dejected notes."] Quotation from Po Chü-i's "Lute Girl's Song"; for paraphrase see Giles' Chinese Literature, p. 166.

[8: The cock shall not crow / And put an end to his wandering.] The ghost must return at dawn.

[9: the phoenix-flute] The shēng.

[10: "One note. . . from the mountain-side."] Quotation from Chinese poem in Royei Shu.

[11: For a little while I was back in the World. . . But now the hate is rising in me] He had died in battle and was therefore condemned to perpetual war with the demons of Hell.

[12: like a summer moth that flies into the flame] "The wise man is like the autumn deer crying in the mountains; the fool is like the moth which flies into the candle" (Gempei Seisuiki, chap. viii.).