GEORGE WASHINGTON
BICENTENNIAL EDITION
THE WRITINGS OF
GEORGE WASHINGTON
President of the United States
Chairman
Vice President of the United States
Speaker of the House of Representatives
United States Senate
Simeon D. Fess, Vice Chairman Ohio
Arthur Capper Kansas
Virginia
Millard E. Tydings Maryland
House of Representatives
Willis C. Hawley Oregon
John Q. Tilson Connecticut
Joseph W. Byrns Tennessee
Virginia
Presidential Commissioners
Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook Pennsylvania
Mrs. John Dickinson Sherman Colorado
Michigan
New York
[Note:Deceased. ]
Virginia
Oregon
Albert Bushnell Hart Massachusetts
Joseph Scott California
Executive Committee
The Senate and House Commissioners
Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook
Joseph Scott
Historian
Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart
Associate Directors
Representative Sol Bloom
Executive Secretary
William Tyler Page
Dr. J. Franklin Jameson, Chairman Chair of American History and Chief of Manuscripts Division Library of Congress
Dr. Randolph G. Adams Librarian William L. Clements Library University of Michigan
President J. A. C. Chandler William and Mary College
Editor, United States Department of State
Dr. Charles Moore Chairman United States Commission of Fine Arts
George W. Ochs-Oakes, Esq .* Editor, New York Times
[Note:Deceased. ]
Brigader General John M. Palmer United States Army, Retired
Victor H. Paltsits Chief of Manuscript Department New York Public Library
Page
To Sir William Howe, November 4
A general exchange suggested -- No exact equivalent of Continental colonels. 1
To Major General Israel Putnam, November 4
Concentration of troops -- False reports to distract enemy -- Feint toward Kings Bridge -- Need of cattle. 2
General Orders, November 4. 3
To Major General Philemon Dickinson, November 4
Disapproves militia enterprise -- Feint against New York City. 4
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 4
Hopes bickerings among officers will cease -- British at Billingsport. 5
To Colonel Christopher Greene, November 4
Defenses of Fort Mercer -- Bombproofs. 6
To Lieutenant Colonel Persifor Frazer, November 4
British treatment of prisoners -- Exchange negotiations. 7
To Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, November 4
Clothing -- Major Fleury. 7
To Major John Clark, Junior, November 4
Secret intelligence -- Intended attack on Philadelphia to be reported to British. 8
To Commodore John Hazelwood, November 4
Prevention of supplies going to Philadelphia from British Fleet. 9
To Major General William Heath, November 5
Supplying Convention troops -- Disabled soldiers -- State of the Commissary Department -- The Rhode Island expedition. 10
To Brigadier General James Potter, November 5
Arrest of an officer -- Cutting of banks -- Vigilance necessary. 11
To the Massachusetts Council, November 5
Embarkation of Convention troops at Boston -- Precautions necessary. 12
General Orders, November 5 13
General Orders, November 6 14
To Governor Thomas Johnson, November 6
Clothing needed by Maryland troops. 14
To William Buchanan, November 6
Laxity in laying up salt meat in New England. 16
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 7
Reenforcement of Fort Mifflin -- Defense of Forts Mifflin and Mercer. 16
To Lieutenant Colonel Peter Adams, November 7
To go to Maryland to collect clothing for Maryland troops. 17
General Orders, November 7 18
General Orders, November 8 19
To the President of Delaware, November 8
Need of clothing of Delaware troops. 20
To Governor William Livingston, November 8
Need of New Jersey troops -- Clothing. 21
To the President of Congress, November 8
British reenforcements from New York -- Damage done to British ships in the Delaware -- Need of money -- Failure to put up salt provisions to eastward. 22
Council of War, November 8
On attacking Philadelphia. 23
To Major General Philemon Dickinson, November 8
Importance of Red Bank. 24
To Brigadier General lames Mitchell Varnum, November 8
Success of his bombardment -- British intended attack on Fort Mifflin. 25
To Colonel Theodorick Bland, November 8
Request to retire -- Critical situation of affairs. 26
To Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, November 8
Regrets that he declined his services -- Burgoyne's capture changes plan of campaign -- Howe to be distressed in Philadelphia -- Manner of recruiting -- Vain to regret disappointment at Germantown. 27
To Major General Israel Putnam, November 9
Need of money -- Spyglass -- Massachusetts Militia -- Need of reenforcements to embarrass Howe. 28
To Brigadier General Thomas Conway, November 9
Quotation from his letter to Gates. 29
To Brigadier General Jonathan Warner, November 9
His militia to remain with Putnam. 30
To the Continental Navy Board, November 9
Frigates in the Delaware to be scuttled. 30
General Orders, November 9 31
To Governor William Livingston, November 10
The call for New Jersey Militia. 32
To the President of Congress, November 10
Congratulations on his election -- Scuttling the frigates -- Disposition of the Northern army -- Adjustment of rank -- Engineers -- Kosciuszko -- Want of money. 33
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 10
Readiness at Forts Mifflin and Mercer. 36
To the President of Congress, November 11
Need of clothing -- Congress should address the States on the subject -- An immediate assessment recommended -- Fortifications on the North River -- Ration regulation. 36
To the Board of War, November 11
Inconvenience caused by substitutes -- Impress of clothing. 39
To Daniel Clymer, November 11
His false intelligence. 40
To Major General Israel Putnam, November 11
Fortifications for the Highlands -- Need of reenforcements -- Delay in pay of Poors brigade -- Reenforcement of Howe from New York. 40
To Major General Israel Putnam, November 11
Putnam's stoppage of clothing intended for the main army. 41
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 11
Hopes for a favorable outcome in defense of the Delaware -- Ammunition sent. 42
To Ephraim Blaine, November 11
Wine and spirits for the army. 43
General Orders, November 11 43
To James Mease, November 12
The clothing situation -- Virginia troops scarcity -- Monopolizing Hides -- Necessity of exertions to secure clothing. 45
General Orders, November 12 46
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 12
Damage done Fort Mifflin -- Method of continuing the defense. 48
To Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, November 12
Defense of Fort Mifflin -- Efforts to relieve him. 49
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 12
Orders to abandon Fort Mifflin -- Cannon and stores to be removed and the works destroyed. 50
To the Continental Navy Board, November 12
Sinking of the frigates and securing of shipping. 51
To Governor Patrick Henry, November 13
Army never equal to Howe's -- Lukewarmness of Pennsylvania -- Strength at Brandywine and Germantown -- Difference in efforts of New York and Pennsylvania -- Army weakened by troops sent to Northern Department. 51
To Governor Patrick Henry, November 13
The military situation -- Defeat of Count Donop -- Coming evacuation of Fort Mifflin -- Recruiting -- Substitutes -- Drafting suggested -- State of clothing -- Furloughs of Virginia troops to induce reenlisting. 53
To Major General William Heath, November 13
Inexpedient to hasten embarkation of Convention troops. 56
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 13
Discretionary orders to abandon Fort Mifflin -- A show of defense to be continued as long as possible. 58
To Commodore John Hazelwood, November 13
Protection of the withdrawal from Fort Mifflin -- Prevention of British passing the chevaux de frise. 59
To John Parke Custis, November 14
Renting Claiborne's plantation -- Depreciation of the currency -- Privateer shares -- Intelligence. 60
To Major General Horatio Gates, November 14
Change of embarkation port for Convention troops to be guarded against. 61
To Colonel David Mason, November 14
Pardon of a soldier. 63
To Robert Erskine, November 14
Portable ovens -- Surveyor duties. 63
To Sir William Howe, November 14
Exchange of prisoners -- Mr. Boudinot -- Ironing of prisoners -- Shocking treatment of American prisoners -- Maltreatment and confinement of officers. 64
General Orders, November 14 66
To Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton, November 15
Approval of steps taken -- Situation of affairs on the Delaware. 67
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 15
Attempt to continue the defense of Fort Mifflin -- Withdrawal of the cannon -- Obstruction of Hog Island Channel -- Attempt on Province Island. 68
To Brigadier General William Woodford, November 15
Readiness to move across the Schuylkill. 70
General Orders, November 15 70
General Orders, November 16 71
To Brigadier General Thomas Conway, November 16
Congress alone can accept his resignation -- He will not object to it. 71
To Brigadier General James Potter, November 16
Manufacture of fascines. 72
To Brigadier General James Potter, November 17
Evacuation of Fort Mifflin -- Fascines may yet be wanted. 72
To the President of Congress, November 17
Evacuation of Fort Mifflin -- Condition of the works -- Efforts to give relief -- Only method was by dislodging enemy from Province Island -- Difficulty of such an attempt -- Reasons against moving the whole army to the west side of Schuylkill -- Reenforcements needed -- Defense of Red Bank -- Report of the situation -- Criticism of the army -- Problem of clothing the troops. 73
To Major General Arthur St. Clair, Baron de Kalb, and Brigadier General Henry Knox, November 17
Instructions to report on defense of the Delaware. 77
General Orders, November 17 78
General Orders, November 18 79
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 18
British move toward Chester -- Caution to keep a lookout. 79
To Richard Henry Lee, November 18
Uncertainty of Pickering's accepting office -- Other candidates -- The Quartermaster Generalcy -- Jeremiah Wadsworth's ability -- Delay in storing up salt provision to the eastward. 80
To Major General Israel Putnam, November 19
Urgent need for reenforecements -- Orders in future to be complied with. 83
To Brigadier General John Glover or Officer Commanding His Brigade, November 19
Orders to join the army with his troops. 83
To the Officer Commanding either Poor's or Paterson's Brigade, November 19
To move to Trenton. 84
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 19
Reenforcement for Varnum. 84
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 19
Reenforcements -- Fort Mercer to be defended -- Galleys to aid. 85
To Colonel John Bailey, November 19
His troops to join the army. 86
To Commodore John Hazelwood, November 19
Report of general officers on holding Fort Mercer. 86
General Orders, November 19 87
General Orders, November 20 88
To the Officers and Soldiers of the Hunterdon, Burlington, Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland Counties Militia, November 20
Calling upon them to rise as one man and rid their country of its cruel invaders. 89
To Brigadier General Enoch Poor, November 20
Orders to join the army with his troops. 90
To Brigadier General John Paterson, November 20
Orders to loin the army with his troops. 91
To Colonel Ephraim Blaine, November 21
Authority to seize provisions. 91
To Francis Hopkinson, November 21
Rev. Mr. Duche's surprising letter -- Reason for forwarding it to Congress. 92
General Orders, November 21 93
General Orders, November 22 94
To Major General Nathanael Greene, November 22
Leaves attack on enemy to his judgment -- Reenforcements. 95
To Major General Nathanael Greene, November 22
Thinks he should attack Cornwallis's detachment -- Junction with Glover's brigade. 96
To Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, November 22
Greene's movement -- Powder strewn over the fort at Red Bank. 96
To Captain Allen McLane, November 22
Offer of inhabitants to serve. 97
To Sir William Howe, November 23
British treatment of prisoners. 97
To the President of Congress, November 23
Deficiency of supplies -- Flimsy artifice of the enemy -- Message through Mr. Willing -- Negotiations for an exchange of prisoners -- Sufferings of those in British hands -- Trial of officers for misconduct -- Exoneration of General Wayne -- Enemy in possession of all the water defenses of Philadelphia -- Stores and vessels -- Cornwallis's move Reenforcements and their condition. 98
General Orders, November 23 101
General Orders, November 24 102
To Governor William Livingston, November 24
Thanks for legislature's undertaking to procure blankets and clothing. 102
To Major General Nathanael Greene, November 24
Message by Colonel Meade. 103
To Major John Clark, Junior, November 25
Questions for his spies to answer -- Report of Cornwallis's capture untrue. 103
To Major General Nathanael Greene, November 25
Reconnoiter of British lines -- Probable attack on Washington's army -- Requests Greene to join him with his troops -- Protection of hospitals. 104
General Orders, November 25 105
General Orders, November 26 105
To Major General Nathanael Greene, November 26
Impossible to meet the expectations of the world -- Effect of with drawing troops from New Jersey -- An expected attack by Howe -- Measures to be adopted. 106
To the President of Congress, November 26 -- 27
Suppressing Indian disturbances in the Western Department -- Attitude of France -- The Virginia regiments -- Case of Lafayette -- Is opposed to allowing convention troops to embark elsewhere than at Boston -- Commissions -- Howe's letter on treatment of prisoners. 108
To John Augustine Washington, November 26
Delay in letters -- Stockings from his sister -- The present situation -- British losses. 112
To Major John Clark, Junior, November 27
Particular intelligence desired. 115
To the Board of War, November 27
Inattention of officers to dress of men -- Rag roll -- Officers leaving the service -- Clothing. 115
General Orders, November 27 116
General Orders, November 28 117
To Captain Allen McLane, November 28
Intended British attack. 118
To Sir William Howe, November 28
Release of British officers, prisoners of war -- Paroles and passports Major Stockdon's case. 118
To Major General Israel Putnam, November 28
Seizure of property by Putnam's troops -- Removal of property from neighborhood of enemy's lines. 119
To Major General Nathanael Greene or Brigadier Generals James Mitchell Varnum or Jedidiah Huntington, November 28
Enemy about to move from Philadelphia -- Measures to be taken. 120
To the Continental Navy Board, November 29
Sinking of the frigates.
General Orders, November 29 122
General Orders, November 30 123
To James Mease, November 30
Desires him to join the army immediately. 124
Powers to Officers, November
To collect clothing. 124
Remarks on Plan of Field Officers for Remodeling the Army, November 125
To the President of Congress, December 1
Wants of the officers and men -- Depreciation of the money -- lrregular promotions -- Failure of British to attack.126
General Orders, December 1 127
General Orders, December 2 128
To Major General Israel Putnam, December 2
Importance of the North River -- Directed to complete works. 129
To Major General Horatio Gates, December 2
Embarkation of convention troops -- Defenses on the North River -- British evacuation of Ticonderoga -- Garrison at Fort Schuyler -- Positions of the armies. 130
To Joseph Reed, December 2
Winter cantonments of the army -- Places suggested. 133
To Major General Philemon Dickinson, December 2
Failure of the Staten Island raid -- Approval of his move toward the Delaware -- Troops withdrawn from New Jersey. 134
Circular to General Officers, December 3
Advisability of a winter campaign. 135
To Governor George Clinton, December 3
Importance of North River -- Defenses. 135
General Orders, December 3 136
General Orders, December 4 138
Order of Battle, December 4 -- 5 138
General Orders, December 6 139
General Orders, December 8 140
General Orders, December 9 140
To Major John Clark, Junior, December 9
British skirmish with Morgan's corps. 142
To the President of Congress, December 10
British move against the army -- Maneuvers of the enemy -- Morgan's and Gist's attack upon them -- Losses. 142
To Governor Patrick Henry December 10
British maneuvers -- Attack upon them -- Clothing from Virginia -- Wants of the Director General of Hospitals. 145
To Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Junior, December 10
Maneuvers of the British -- Filling Virginia's regiments -- Strength of army exaggerated -- Bravery at Red Bank and Fort Mifflin. 147
General Orders, December 10 148
To Governor William Livingston, December 11
Trial of captured loyalists for treason -- Risk of retaliation -- Regulation of prices by law. 149
To Doctor William Shippen, Junior, December 12
Danger to hospital at Princeton -- Removal of sick. 150
General Orders, December 12 150
General Orders, December 13 151
To the Board of War, December 14
Collection of clothing by officers -- Leather tanning -- The Invalids Can not spare the Maryland battalion -- Time expired New England troops Courts-martial -- Arms and stores carried off by militia Remedy. 152
To Sir William Howe, December 14
Passports for vessels carrying wood and provisions for the convention troops. 154
General Orders, December 14 154
To the President of Congress, December 14 -- 15
Release of Baron St. Ouary impracticable -- Practice as to volunteers captured -- Inquiries into the loss of the forts in the Highlands and of Fort Mifflin -- Maneuvers of the enemy -- Burgoyne's request to embark his troops at Rhode Island -- Burgoyne's changed opinion of America -- Payment for supplies to convention troops -- Forage and flour from the neighborhood of Philadelphia -- Exercise of military powers -- Civil authority should act. 155
To Governor Jonathan Trumbull, December 15
The Rhode Island expedition -- Clothing -- Drafting to fill regiments. 160
To the Officers Ordered to Remove Provisions from the Country Near the Enemy, December 15
All provision supplies, stock, etc., to be removed from around Philadelphia -- Record to be kept. 162
General Orders, December 15 163
General Orders, December 16 164
To Major John Clark, Junior, December 16
Persons permitted to go into Philadelphia. 164
To Lieutenant General John Burgoyne, December 17
Has referred his requests to Congress. 165
To Major General William Heath, December 17
Inoculation of troops for smallpox -- Burgoyne's request to go to England -- Ill regulation of commissary department -- Artillery, etc., from France -- Filling up the Massachusetts regiments -- Congress the final authority in all convention troops matters. 165
General Orders, December 17 167
General Orders, December 18 169
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, December 19
To take post at Wilmington, Del. -- Defenses and supplies. 171
To Governor Patrick Henry, December 19
Clothing and other articles from Virginia -- Desertions -- Arrival of a store ship from France. 172
To President George Read, December 19
British intention to establish a post at Wilmington -- Smallwood sent to prevent it -- Exchange of Governor McKinly. 174
Proclamation Ordering Grain Threshed, December 20 175
To Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, December 20
Publication of his sermon. 175
To Joseph Galloway, December 20
Disposal of loyalist property -- Will grant passport to Mrs. Galloway. 176
To John Potts, December 20 176
To Lieutenant General John Burgoyne, December 20
Resolve of Congress on his request. 176
To Major General William Heath, December 20
Arrival of artillery from France -- State of commissary department -- Salt sent Colt -- Exchange of general officers. 177
To Colonel Henry E. Lutterloh, December 20
Seizure of horses for the army. 179
General Orders, December 20 180
General Orders, December 21 181
To Brigadier General James Potter, December 21
Release of provisions seized from a spy -- Destruction of hay. 182
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, December 22
Movement of enemy. 182
To the President of Congress, December 22
State of Commissary's department -- Filling the offices of Quarter-master and Adjutant General -- Rank dispute -- Resolution of Congress on protecting the continent -- Winter quarters of the army -- Post at Delaware -- Protection of New Jersey. 183
To the Board of War, December 22
Exchange of General Thompson. 189
General Orders, December 22 189
To the President of Congress, December 23
The Commissary department -- Desperate condition of the army from want of provisions -- Four days of bad weather would destroy army -- Urgency of the case -- The Quartermaster General at fault -- Lack of clothing and shoes -- Size of army -- Criticism of army going into winter quarters -- Failure of critics to supply their own troops -- What is expected of Washington -- Knowledge of the committee from Congress -- Need of officers -- Arrangements necessary -- Correction of abuses -- Filling of regiments -- Need of magazines of provisions. 192
General Orders, December 23 198
To Major John Jameson, December 24
To guard all roads on east side of Schuylkill -- Seizure of provisions, horses, etc., going into Philadelphia. 199
General Orders, December 24 200
To Elbridge Gerry, December 25
Gerry's suggestion of sending a committee to camp -- Powers necessary for such committe -- Need of more aides -- Half-pay establishment. 200
To Governor Richard Caswell, December 25
Resignations of officers -- Arrival of supplies from France. 201
Orders for a Move That Was Intended Against Philadelphia by Way of Surprise, December 25 202
General Orders, December 25 205
General Orders, December 26 206
To the President of Congress, December 26
General Woodford's claim of rank. 208
To Governor Patrick Henry, December 27
State of the Virginia troops -- General Stephen's exertions to enlist troops-Suffering of the troops. 208
To Robert R. Livingston, December 27
His brother's disgust at promotions -- Formation of a light infantry corps and command of same. 210
To Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, December 27
Misconduct of Commissary and Quartermaster General deputies -- Wishes Wayne to remain in camp -- Objections to Woodford's claim to rank. 211
To Major General Israel Putnam, December 27
Protection of people -- Failure of a small expedition -- Putnam's leave of absence. 212
To Lord Stirling, December 27
Disapproves an attempt upon enemy's detachment -- Station of a commissary. 213
To Colonel Henry E. Lutterloh, December 27
Tents, ammunition wagons, etc., for next campaign.213
General Orders, December 27 214
General Orders, December 28 215
To Major General John Armstrong, December 28
Interruption of supplies going into Philadelphia -- Proclamation to thresh wheat -- Position of British -- Failure to injure the enemy. 215
To William Buchanan, December 28
Forming of magazines -- Deficiency of wagons. 217
To Major General William Heath, December 29
Clothing and accouterments for dragoons -- Prices -- Advantages of cavalry. 218
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, December 29
Ships going down the Delaware -- British hay forage -- Party of light horse to reenforce him -- Militia horse and foot -- Salt and liquor -- Collection of stragglers -- Removal of Delaware cattle -- British vessels at Reedy Island. 218
To Colonel John Gibson, December 29
Clothing for garrison of Fort Pitt. 221
To the Board of War, December 29 221
Circular to the States, December 29
Deficiency in State regiments -- A remedy should be immediately -- applied -- Foreign assistance not to be counted upon -- Need of exertions to clothe the troops -- Their nakedness -- Winter quarter -- Inoculation. 221
General Orders, December 29 225
General Orders, December 30 225
To the Board of War, December 30
Horses for Captain Jones's troop. 226
To Major General Thomas Conway, December 30
Instructions for maneuvers to be received from the Board of War before orders can be issued for their execution -- Appointment has caused no uneasiness -- Will always accord due respect to every appointment of Congress. 226
To Lord Stirling, December 30
Exchange of horses. 228
To Major Samuel Blagden, December 30
Orders to go to Boston to obtain clothing and accouterments for dragoons -- Prices. 229
Instructions to the Officers of Light Dragoons, December 30
To obtain accouterments, etc., in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia -- Recruits. 230
To Colonel Benjamin Flower, December 30
Repair of arms -- Arm chests -- Cartridge supply. 231
To Governor William Livingston, December 31
Removal of forage and stock -- To be done by the civil authority -- Light horse to be sent to Trenton -- Distress in hospitals. 231
To Governor Nicholas Cooke, December 31
Lieutenant Colonel Barton's capture of General Prescott. 234
Instructions to Count Pulaski, December 31
His winter quarters at Trenton -- Drilling the cavalry -- Care of arms -- Lencer troop. 234
To Marquis de Lafayette, December 31
Friendship -- Ambition of a certain gentleman -- His antagonism to Washington -- Disunion tendency -- Conway's promotion -- Ultimate triumph of the cause. 236
To Colonel Theodorick Bland, December 238
Supplies -- Captain Lee's force. 238
General Instructions for the Colonels and Commanding Officers of Regiments in the Continental Service, 1777 238
General Orders, January 1 242
To the President of Congress, January 1
Difficulties caused by delay in appointment of a Quartermaster General -- Colonels Hay and Pickering as possibilities -- Pickering's retirement as Adjutant General -- Colonels Lee and Scammell, and Major Scull as successors -- The military situation -- Rank dispute over General Woodford. 243
To the Officer Commanding at Albany, New York, January 1
Swords and cavalry accouterments. 246
To President Thomas Wharton, Junior, January 1
Militia needed on north side of Schuylkill -- Need of militia light horse. 246
General Orders, January 2 247
To the President of Congress, January 2
Correspondence with General Conway -- His treatment of Conway -- The Adjutant Generalcy. 249
To the President of Congress, January 2
Introducing Maj. John Clark. 250
To the Board of War, January 2 -- 3
Retaliation for British treatment of prisoners -- Clothing needs of troops -- Cattle to be driven to marshes -- Flour and bread at Elk -- Can not spare tailors -- Weak state of army -- Army can not subsist by seizures of supplies -- Results of such attempts. 250
To Colonel James Innis, January 2
To aid in recruiting in Virginia -- Draft regulations -- Apprehension of deserters. 254
To Lieutenant Colonel William Brent, January 2
Apprehension of Virginia deserters -- Sick of his regiment. 255
To Captain David Hopkins, January 2
Clothing and accouterments for dragoons to be purchased at Boston. 256
To Governor Nicholas Cooke, January 2
Filling the Rhode Island regiments. 257
To Major General William Heath, January 2
Assistance to Captain Hopkins and Major Blagden in purchase of dragoon accouterments. 257
General Orders, January 3 258
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, January 3
British prize ship -- Hides for leather -- Court-martial of persons carrying supplies to enemy -- Liquor from prize -- Neglect of pay rolls. 260
To Governor Patrick Henry, January 3
Virginia troops. 261
General Orders, January 4 262
To Major General Horatio Gates, January 4
Sending his letter through Congress -- How he obtained the sentence from Conway's letter -- Desirous of concealing the matter -- Conway characterized -- Safety of States not involved. 263
To the President of Congress, January 4
Letter to Gates. 265
General Orders, January 5 265
To the President of Congress, January 5
Difficulties in commissary must be removed if army is to exist -- Effects of seizing clothing and provision -- Extra pay -- State of supplies. 267
To Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh, January 5
Plan of field officers of North Carolina brigade to reorganize the regiments -- Deserters and stragglers. 268
To Major Peter Scull, January 5
Hopes he will not resign. 269
To Colonel William Malcom, January 6
His application for a furlough -- Resignation. 269
To William Clayton, Benjamin Yard, Rensselaer
Williams, and Benjamin Van Cleave, January 6
Their objection to having the Light Horse quartered in Trenton. 270
General Orders, January 6 271
General Orders, January 7 273
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, January 7
Desire to purchase certain supplies from the prize brig. 274
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, January 7
Clothing of Maryland troops -- Claim of officers in camp to share in cargo of prize brig -- Disposal of goods -- Need of blocks and falls. 274
General Orders, January 8 276
Instructions to Brigadier General Henry Knox, January 8
Instructions for the ordnance department. 277
To Brigadier General Henry Knox, January 8
Gun screws, traveling forges. 280
To Brigadier General John Glover, January 8
Requests him to join the army and bring in all detachments from his brigade. 280
To Brigadier General Jedidiah Huntington, January 8
Orders to bring in all his detachments. 281
To Colonel Samuel Blatchley Webb, January 8
His exchange -- Difficulties in the way. 281
To Sir William Howe, January 8
Retaliation for imprisonment of officers in England -- Firing on a flag. 283
General Orders, January 9 283
To Major General William Heath, January 9
Correspondence -- Purchase of clothing. 284
To Baron Steuben, January 9
His arrival -- Congress only can appoint him. 285
To the President of Congress, January 9
Appointment of aides -- Detention of Burgoyne and army -- The grant of extra month's pay to troops -- Difficulties in making it. 286
To James Lovell, January 9
Finding of the Journals of Congress -- Printing types still missing. 288
General Orders, January 10 289
General Orders, January 11 289
To Captain George Lewis, January 11
Leave of absence -- Personal property at Newtown. 290
General Orders, January 12 290
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, January 12
British officers' baggage -- Protest of officers against sharing prize -- Dispute referred to Congress -- Directions for baggage and stores -- Goods taken in vessel at Reedy Island. 291
To the President of Congress, January 12
Resolves of Congress as to disposition of prizes -- Protest of General Smallwood's officers against claim of officers at camp -- Vessel taken at Reedy Island. 294
To Brigadier General James Potter, January 12
Breaking up of trade with Philadelphia -- Purchases of beef and pork. 295
To Doctor Benjamin Rush, January 12
Inadequacy of the medical department -- Is ready to contribute all in his power to a proper regulation. 296
General Orders, January 13 297
To Major General Robert Howe, January 13
Cultivation of friendship with southern Indians -- Recruiting -- Howe's promotion -- Winter quarters. 300
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, January 13
Claim of medical officers to share in prize -- Sale of goods to be delayed. 302
To the President of Congress, January 13
Introducing Mauduit du Piessis -- His exploits. 303
General Orders, January 14 304
To Count Pulaski, January 14
Winter quarters for cavalry at Trenton -- Kowatz as drillmaster -- Foreign officers -- Horses. 304
General Orders, January 15 305
To Major General Israel Putnam, January 15
Repair of boats in North River -- Work on the Highlands defenses. 307
To Brigadier General Henry Knox, January 15
Available arms. 308
To Colonel Henry E. Lutterloh, January 15
Wagoners not to be taken from the line. 309
General Orders, January 16 309
To Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, January 16
Colonel Webb's misfortune -- Parsons's intention to resign -- Discontents -- Begs him to help in filling the Connecticut quota of troops. 309
General Orders, January 17 310
To Major General John Sullivan, January 17
Apology of the field officers at Wilmington. 311
To Bartram Galbreth, January 17
Remission of militia fines of Continental wagoners. 311
General Orders, January 18 312
To Brigadier General George Weedon, January 18
Discharges in the Virginia line. 315
To Brigadier General Joseph Ellis, January 18
His appointment to command -- Ammunition and cannon -- Removal of stock from Burlington, Gloucester, and Salem. 315
To Lieutenant William Patterson, January 18
To escort a Hessian quartermaster with clothing for prisoners. 317
To President Thomas Wharton, Junior, January 18
Completion of the Pennsylvania line -- Clothing -- Pennsylvania's ability to manufacture clothing. 317
To Vice President George Read, January 18
Filling up the Delaware battalion -- The draft -- Clothing. 319
General Orders, January 19 320
General Orders, January 20 321
To Captain Henry Lee, January 20
His victory over British. 322
To Sir William Howe, January 20
Treatment of Lieutenant Eyre -- His escape and status -- Mr. Bayard to be considered as a citizen. 323
To Captain Archibald Kennedy, January 20
His application. 324
To Major General Benedict Arnold, January 20
His restoration by Congress to rank claimed -- State of his wound -- Wishes him to join the army -- The military situation. 324
To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, January 20
Arnold's rank -- Lincoln's wound. 325
To Brigadier General David Forman, January 20
Guard for salt works. 326
To Colonel Elias Dayton, January 20
Prosecution of American spies. 327
To Governor William Livingston, January 20
Profiteering farmers -- Mills working -- Captain Kennedy's case -- Escape of Troup -- Plot against Livingston. 327
To Governor William Livingston, January 20
Vouches for John and Baker Hendricks and John Meeker -- Asks that their prosecution be stopped. 329
To Brigadier General Henry Knox, January 21
Supply of arms -- Destruction caused by militia -- Traveling forges. 330
To James Mease, January 21
Shape of uniform coats -- Clothing left at Fishkill -- Pay for tailors -- Need of shoes. 330
General Orders, January 21 332
To Major General Israel Putnam, January 22
Need of the clothing stopped at Fishkill. 334
To Major General William Heath, January 22
Delay in inoculation of troops -- Returns of deficiencies of Massachusetts troops for the Council -- Orders of Congress to delay embarkation of the convention troops -- British not likely to act against New England -- British reenforcement was merely to guard New York City. 334
To Colonel Walter Stewart, January 22
Commissary inefficiency -- Quantity of provision going into Philadelphia -- Seizures. 336
To the President of Congress, January 23
Introducing La Neuville and other French officers. 337
To Reverend William Gordon, January 23
Scheme to put General Lee at head of army -- Washington indifferent to such a scheme -- Willingness to retire. 337
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, January 23
Disposal of prize brig's cargo -- Difficulties of case -- Filling the Delaware regiment -- Failure of British to surprise Captain Lee -- Return of medical books to the British. 338
To Brigadier General John Lacey, Junior, January 23 Protection of inhabitants and preventing supplies going into Philadelphia -- Making an example. 340
To James Wilson, January 23
Permission for Captain Smith to assist Wilson. 341
General Orders, January 23 341
To the Board of War, January 24
Tanning of leather -- Boats on the Susquehanna -- Exchange of New York civilians. 343
To Governor Jonathan Trumbull, January 24
Clothing for Connecticut troops -- Style of coat -- Transports sent to Rhode Island -- Exchange of prisoners. 344
To Major General Joseph Spencer, January 24
British transports -- High prices and avarice. 346
To Major John Clark, Junior, January 24
His appointment as auditor. 346
General Orders, January 24 347
General Orders, January 25 347
To Major General Israel Putnam, January 25
Delay in building defenses of the Hudson River -- Returns of militia -- Wrong practice in exchange of prisoners. 348
To Colonel Lewis La Radiere, January 25
Works at West Point. 349
General Orders, January 26 350
To the Board of War, January 26
Mistaken arrest of Hessian officers -- Differences with Sir William Howe. 351
To Count Pulaski, January 26
Forage for cavalry -- Scarcity of rum -- Need of rest for dragoons. 352
General Orders, January 27 353
To Major General Charles Lee, January 27
Every exertion will be made to effect his exchange -- Prescott soon to be sent in. 354
To the Board of War, January 27
Unfortunate seizure of Hessian officers and the clothing going to prisoners -- Can not express an opinion on the Canadian expedition. 355
To Lieutenant Colonel William Stephens Smith, January 27
Hessian officers and clothing to be released -- His detachment to march to army as soon as fit. 356
To Francis Hopkinson, January 27
Artillery ordered to interrupt passage of British ships in the Delaware -- Returns his letter to Rev. Jacob Ducheé. 357
To Major Jacob Morris, January 27
Passport for Mrs. Battier -- Requests of General Lee. 357
To James Mease, January 27
Accident to Virginia clothing. 358
General Orders, January 28 358
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, January 28
Maryland recruiting law -- Draft -- Hazen's regiment ordered north. 360
To Major John Taylor, January 28
Marching orders for Hazen's regiment. 361
To Major Thomas Smyth, January 28
Pay rolls. 361
To the Committee of Congress With the Army, January 29
Important changes must be made in the military establishment -- Half pay and pensions -- Public virtue not sufficient to maintain an army -- Position of the officers -- Life and fortune risked without recompense -- Will not benefit himself from the proposed establishment -- Question of expense -- Completing the regiments -- Voluntary enlistments out of the question -- Drafts should be made from the militia -- Draft should be annual -- Bounties and substitutes -- Battalions should be commanded by a lieutenant colonel -- Composition of a battalion -- Advantages of cavalry -- Composition and equipment of cavalry regiments -- Allotment of battalions among the States -- Actual condition of the regiments -- The German, Hazen's, and Additional regiments -- Officers for brigades and divisions -- Inspector general -- Provost marshal -- Duties of his corps -- Provision for reduced officers -- Lavish distribution of rank -- Proposal for taking staff officers from line -- Aides to the Commander in Chief -- Other officers -- Rank a spur to enterprise -- Irregular promotions and their evils -- Need of a settled rule -- Granting of commissions should be under the control of Congress -- Clothing the army -- Divided responsibility -- Contracts with the court of France suggested -- Advantages over commercial ventures -- Distribution of clothing -- Quartermaster general -- Forage department -- Wagonmaster general -- Estimating damages caused by army -- The Commissary department -- Establishment of magazines -- Vinegar, vegetables, and soap -- Ration to be more precisely defined -- The Hospital department -- Paymaster general -- Commissary of musters -- Commissary of prisoners -- Auditors of accounts -- The artillery -- Engineering department -- Foreign officers -- Indians -- Morgan's corps -- Negro teamsters -- Allowances to officers, prisoners with the enemy -- Promotion of such -- The articles of war -- Capital punishment. 362
General Orders, January 29 403
General Orders, January 30 404
To the Officers Visiting Hospitals, January 30
Inspection of hospitals -- Arms and clothing -- Recoveries -- Lists. 405
To James Nourse, January 30
General Lee's farm in Virginia. 408
To Sir William Howe, January 30
Settlement of an exchange point -- Personal politeness unacceptable when accompanied by reflections on Congress -- Clothing for British prisoners. 408
To Henry Laurens, January 31
A malignant faction forming to Washington's prejudice -- Charges in the anonymous paper -- Enemies take an unfair advantage of his position. 410
To the President of Congress, January 31
Packet for Governor Livingston -- Requested guard for salt works. 411
To Colonel Israel Angell, February 1
Necessity of making an example of people taking supplies into Philadelphia. 412
To Major John Jameson, February 1
Orders to cut off the supplies going into Philadelphia. 412
To John Parke Custis, February 1
Purchase of land -- Mrs. Washington's coming to camp. 413
General Orders, February 1 414
General Orders, February 2 415
To Governor William Livingston, February 2
Congratulations on discovery of a plot against him. 415
General Orders, February 3 416
To Elias Boudinot, February 3
American prisoners of war to be fed by America -- Matter to be attended to carefully. 417
To Doctor Thomas Bond, February 3
Refusal of a request. 417
To the President of Congress, February 3
Victualing of American prisoners -- Need of money -- Pay of troops. 418
To Count Pulaski, February 4
Forage at Trenton -- Mr. Zielinski's case -- Recruiting the cavalry -- Saddle pattern. 419
To Governor William Livingston, February 4
New Jersey dragoons -- Bribery of patrols. 420
General Orders, February 4 420
General Orders, February 5 421
General Orders, February 6 422
To Major General Israel Putnam, February 6
Starving condition of army -- No provisions to be stopped on their way to it. 423
To Governor Jonathan Trumbull, February 6
Alarming state of army -- Begs vigorous exertion in forwarding provisions. 423
General Orders, February 7 424
To Henry Champion, February 7
Distress of army for meat -- Transportation difficulties -- Army may disband -- All cattle must be hurried to camp -- Measures taken. 425
To William Buchanan, February 7
Dissolution of army -- Want of provisions -- Desertions. 427
To the President of Congress, February 8 -- 14
De Kalb going to Canada -- Exchange of prisoners -- Inquiry into losses of Forts Montgomery, Clinton, and Mifflin -- Oaths of officers. 428
To Major General Israel Putnam, February 8
Connecticut troops under his command. 430
To Colonel John Hawkins Stone, February 8
Lieutenant Colonel Smith's command. 430
To Philip Van Rensselaer, February 8
Repair of arms, etc. 431
To Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Junior, February 8
Drafting for 12 months the only wise measure -- Crushing of main body of enemy the important thing -- Virginia may fail by attempting too much -- Inoculation -- Faction and the foolish Canada expedition. 431
General Orders, February 8 433
To Major General Horatio Gates, February 9
Reply not conclusive -- Conway presumably was Gates's informant -- Excuse of forgery -- Reality of extracts allowed -- Letter itself should have been produced -- Effect of its suppression -- Conway as a military adviser -- His character as shown by experience. 437
To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, February 9
Wishes him to join the army. 441
General Orders, February 9 442
General Orders, February 10 442
To the Board of War, February 10
Return of an artillery detachment -- Conduct of British officers conducting clothing to British prisoners -- Clothing for Pennsylvania troops. 443
To Sir William Howe, February 10
Affairs of convention troops wholly under the control of Congress -- Treatment of prisoners -- Differences as to an exchange -- Commissioners to meet -- Settlement of accounts. 444
To Robert Morris, February 10
Opinion of Colonel Armand. 446
To President Thomas Wharton, Junior, February 10
Completing the Pennsylvania troops' quota -- Clothing matters. 447
To Brigadier General George Weedon, February 10
Absence of officers -- Virginia officers -- Foresees difficulties next campaign. 448
General Orders, February 11 450
General Orders, February 12 450
To Major General Alexander McDougall, February 12
Reasons for wishing him to conduct inquiry on loss of the Highland forts. 451
To President Thomas Wharton, Junior, February 12
Failure of General Lacey to protect country east of Schuylkill -- Requests that militia be ordered out. 452
To Major General Nathanael Greene, February 12
Impress and removal of all stock between the Schuylkill and Brandywine. 454
General Orders, February 13 455
To Lieutenant Colonel Henry Haskell, February 13
Orders his return to his regiment. 455
To Colonel Morgan Lewis, February 13
Pack saddles. 455
To Major General Gates, February 14
General court-martial authority. 456
To Count Pulaski, February 14
Cost of cavalry equipment -- Recruiting -- Extravagant charges. 457
To Lieutenant Colonel Adam Hubley, February 14
Authority to convene general courts-martial. 458
To Governor William Livingston, February 14
Distresses of army not to be exaggerated -- Urgent need of supplies. 459
To Major General John Sullivan, February 14
His application for leave of absence -- Reasons why it can not be granted. 460
General Orders, February 15 461
To Reverend William Gordon, February 15
Denial of intention to resign. 462
To Robert Lettis Hooper, Nathaniel Falconer, and
Jonathan Mifflin, February 15
Critical state of army -- Want of provisions -- Need of immediate supplies. 463
To Richard Henry Lee, February 15
Forged letters by the enemy -- Cornwallis gone to England -- Draft necessary in Virginia -- Reforms in army necessary. 464
To Major General Nathanael Greene, February 16
Orders for wagons. 466
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, February 16
Distress of army for provisions -- Wagons to be impressed to bring provisions from magazines at Dover and Head of Elk. 467
To Captain Henry Lee, February 16
To help hasten provisions from Dover and Head of Elk -- Consult with General Smallwood. 467
To Henry Hollingsworth, February 16 Needs his aid in forwarding provisions. 468
To Governor George Clinton, February 16
Famine in camp -- Army naked and starving -- Symptoms of discontent appearing -- Poor prospects for future supplies -- Every assistance needed. 469
To Governor William Livingston, February 16
Sends Tilghman to describe distress of army for provisions -- Begs Livingston to assist. 471
To Governor Thomas Johnson, February 16
Incloses letter from Committee of Congress at camp on the distress of army -- Meat stores at Head of Elk -- Begs his assistance. 471
General Orders, February 17 473
To Henry Champion, February 17
Army's need of meat -- No prospects from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, or Maryland -- Transportation difficulties -- Supplies from Eastward only hope -- Urges him to push forward all cattle to camp. 474
General Orders, February 18 475
To Major General Nathanael Greene, February 18
Parade of prisoners in Philadelphia -- Approves continuing his foraging expedition -- Branding of horses. 476
To Brigadier General John Glover, February 18
His joining the army -- Disapproves Glover's proposed resignation. 477
To Brigadier General John Lacey, Junior, February 18
Stopping the communication between country and city -- Horses seized -- Suggests moving nearer the city. 478
To Major General Horatio Gates, February 18
Exchange of German officers of the convention troops. 479
Address to Inhabitants of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, February 18
Need of cattle for army. 480
General Orders, February 19 481
To the President of Congress, February 19 481
To James Mease, February 19
Clothing of Pennsylvania troops. 482
To Governor William Livingston, February 19
Publication of address of February 18. 482
To Governor Patrick Henry, February 19
Deplorable state of commissary department -- Responsibility -- Effect on army -- Begs assistance -- Virginia's bounty. 483
General Orders, February 20 485
To Major Benjamin Tallmadge, February 20
His quarters -- Success in obtaining boots and breeches -- Remounts. 486
To the Board of War, February 21
Artillery from Albany -- Cannon sent to Farmington by the board. 486
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, February 21
Contract for shoes -- Punishment for desertion. 487
To Brigadier General Henry Knox, February 21
Retention of cannon at Albany -- Small arms -- Wastage. 489
To Brigadier General William Woodford, February 21
His claim to rank. 490
To Captain Henry Lee, February 21
Approval of his measures to obtain provisions for army. 491
To Brigadier General John Lacey, Junior, February 21
Capture of men going into Philadelphia -- Suggests destruction of British hay. 492
To Captain Thomas Cartwright, February 21
Authority to convene general courts-martial. 493
To Henry Hollingsworth, February 21
His activity -- Money for his purchases. 494
To Colonel George Gibson, February 21
General courts-martial authority -- Approves his action as to rations -- Sick -- Clothing -- Need of horses for dragoons. 494
To Vice President George Read, February 21
Completion of the Delaware Regiment -- Necessity of drafting -- Military interference with an election. 496
To William Duer, February 21
British project to besiege Valley Forge -- Reasons why the attempt will not be made. 497
To Southy Simpson, February 21
Inability to allow the drafts to remain in his county. 498
General Orders, February 22 499
To Governor William Livingston, February 22
Zeal of New Jersey in common cause -- Efforts to call forth united energy of the States -- Change of system needed. 500
General Orders, February 23 501
To Captains Edward Scull, Alexander Patterson, and
William Wilson, February 23
Recruiting allowance. 503
To President Thomas Wharton, Junior, February 23
Arrival of Pennsylvania Militia -- Tory activities -- Trouble between Continentals and militia -- Complaint of recruiting officers. 503
To the Board of War, February 23
Heister's case -- Ordnance supplies for next campaign. 505
General Orders, February 24 507
To Major General Horatio Gates, February 24
Willingness to bury the past as far as future events will permit. 508
To the Officer Commanding the Militia at Haddonfield, February 24
Militia needed to support artillery. 509
Instructions to Captain-Lieutenant Jonas Symonds, February 24
To bombard British shipping near Philadelphia. 509
General Orders, February 25 510
To Brigadier General William Smallwood, February 25
Personal articles sent -- Lack of provisions -- Conduct of Huggins -- British officers' wives captured on a prize. 511
To Captain Henry Lee, February 25
Cattle to be sent to camp -- Eastern Shore not a safe place to keep lean cattle -- Harboring deserters. 513
General Orders, February 26 514
To Major General Israel Putnam, February 26
Defenses of North River -- Scarcity of money -- Clothing -- Force needed to defend the river. 515
To Major General John Sullivan, February 26
Officers to escort clothing -- Route. 516
To Vice President George Read, February 26
Law needed to prevent harboring deserters. 517
To the President of Congress, February 27
Charges against officers about to be tried for loss of Ticonderoga and Mount Independence -- General Schuyler's case -- Steuben's arrival -- Money for Putnam -- Claim of Thirteenth Virginia Regiment as to its location -- A major general sent to Rhode Island. 518
To the Board of War, February 27
Scarcity of writing paper. 520
To Major General William Heath, February 27
Exchange of officers -- General Learned's resignation. 521
Instructions to Captain Stephen Chambers, February 27
Cutting off communication between Philadelphia and the country -- Rewards to captors. 522
To James Mease, February 27
Need of clothing by Putnam's troops. 523
General Orders, February 28 524
To Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, February 28
Protection of cattle coming to camp -- Information wanted of General Lacey's men -- Cannon at Bordentown. 524
Instructions to Officers Sent to the Hospitals, February 28
Inspection method. 526
To Thomas Montgomerie, February 28
Permission to go to Philadelphia or New York. 527
To Lieutenant Colonel John Fitzgerald, February 28
Conway's letter -- The cabal. 528
To Captain-Lieutenant Jonas Symonds, February 28
To take orders from General Wayne. 529
To the Committee of Congress, February 28
Bad state of the armorer's department. 530
To Lund Washington, February 28
Substitute for him in the militia -- His management of Mount Vernon. 530
A Sevres porcelain copy of the Houdon bust.
Original in the Fredericksburg (Va.)
Lodge No. 4, F. A. M. Frontispiece
Washington's draft of his note to Conway,
November 9, 1777, which started the disintegration
of the Conway Cabal Facing page 30
Line of battle at Whitemarsh, December
4 -- 5, 1777 Facing page 138
Proclamation ordering farmers to thresh
grain, December 20, 1777 Facing page 176
Arrangement of the army for the campaign
of 1778, January 1, 1778 Facing page 246
Report of guards at Valley Forge, February
12, 1778 Facing page 482
The following symbols have been used to denote the place of deposit of Washington letters not found in draft or letter-book form in the Washington Papers in the Library of Congress: Indicating that the letter is in Washington's own handwriting Chicago Historical Society Clements Library, University of Michigan Connecticut Historical Society Harvard College Library Historical Society of Pennsylvania Haverford College Huntington Library John Carter Brown Library, Rhode Island Maine Historical Society Maryland Historical Society Massachusetts Historical Society J.P. Morgan Library New Hampshire Historical Society New York Historical Society New York Public Library New York State Library Rhode Island Historical Society Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati Society of the Cincinnati University of Chicago Library University of Pennsylvania Library Virginia Historical Society Virginia State Library
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