Washington, George, 1732-1799. The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources
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    GEORGE WASHINGTON
BICENTENNIAL EDITION
THE WRITINGS OF
GEORGE WASHINGTON



Last Page of the Capitulation at Yorktown, October 19, 1781, Signed by
Cornwallis and Captain Thomas Symonds, of the British Naval Forces



THE WRITINGS OF
George
Washington

from the
Original Manuscript Sources
1745 -- 1799

Prepared under the direction of the United States
George Washington Bicentennial Commission
and published by authority of Congress
John C. Fitzpatrick , Editor

LC

Volume 23
August 16, 1781 -- February 15, 1782

United States
Government Printing Office

Washington


E312
.7
1931

WASHINGTONIANA
PRINTED
AUGUST, 1937

UNITED STATES GEORGE WASHINGTON
BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION

   (The Commission expired December 31, 1934)

    President of the United States

    Chairman

    Vice President of the United States

    Speaker of the House of Representatives

    United States Senate

    Simeon D. Fess , * Vice Chairman
Ohio

[Note:Deceased. ]

    Arthur Carper
Kansas

    Carter Glass
Virginia

    Millard E. Tydings
Maryland

    House of Representatives

    Willis C. Hawley
Oregon

    John Q. Tilson
Connecticut

    Joseph W. Byrns *
Tennessee

[Note:Deceased. ]

    R. Walton Moore
Virginia

    Presidential Commissioners

    Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook
Pennsylvania

    Mrs. John Dickinson Sherman *
Colorado

[Note:Deceased. ]

    Henry Ford
Michigan

    George Eastman *
New York

[Note:Deceased. ]

    C. Bascom Slemp
Virginia

    Wallace McCamant
Oregon

    Albert Bushnell Hart
Massachusetts

    Joseph Scott
California

    Executive Committee

    The Senate and House
Commissioners

    C. Bascom Slemp

    Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook

    Joseph Scott

    Historian

    Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart

    Director

    Representative Sol Bloom

    Executive Secretary

    William Tyler Page

ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ON THE WRITINGS

    Dr. J. Franklin Jameson , Chairman

    Chair of American History and Chief of Manuscripts Division
Library of Congress

    Professor Randolph G. Adams

    Librarian William L. Clements Library

    University of Michigan

    President J. A. C. Chandler *

[Note:Deceased. ]

    William and Mary College

    President Tyler Dennett

    Williams College

    Dr. Charles Moore

    Chairman United States Commission of Fine Arts

    George W. Ochs-Oakes, Esq . *

[Note:Deceased. ]

    Editor New York Times

    Brigadier General John M. Palmer

    United States Army, Retired

    Dr. Victor H. Paltsits

    Chief of American History Division
and Chief of Manuscripts Department
New York Public Library

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  •    1781


  •    Page


  •    To Comte de Barras, August 16
    Salt provision and rum to be convoyed by the French fleet. 1


  •    To Deputy Governor Jabez Bowen, August 16
    Salt provision and rum to be convoyed by the French fleet. 1


  •    To Philip Schuyler, August 16
    Schuyler's safety -- His guard -- Rum. 2


  •    To Governor Jonathan Trumbull, August 16
    Impress of wagons. 3


  •    To Brigadier General James Clinton, August 16
    Arrival of General Stark -- Cortlandt's companies. 3


  •    To Brigadier General John Stark, August 16
    Behavior of people of Vermont -- Want of money. 4


  •    General Orders, August 16 5


  •    General Orders, August 17 5


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, August 17
    Route of march of the French. 6


  •    To Comte de Grasse, August 17
    Change of intended operations -- Army to move to the south -- Contingencies that may arise and observations upon them -- Vast importance of Charleston -- Shipping. 7


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, August 17
    Provisions at Head of Elk -- Light vessels needed up the Chesapeake -- One month's pay in specie for the Army -- Specie needed for secret service. 11


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, August 17
    Du Portail will give intelligence. 12


  •    To Colonel Elias Dayton, August 17
    A patrol -- Prevention of abuse of the inhabitants. 12


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, August 17
    His account from New York. 13


  •    To the President of Congress, August 17
    Value of his communications. 13


  •    To Comte de Barras, August 18
    Forwards intelligence. 15


  •    General Orders, August 18 15


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, August 18
    Tarle's flour. 16


  •    To Major General Alexander McDougall, August 18
    Boats to be brought to Kings Ferry 16


  •    To Colonel Elias Dayton, August 18
    Embarkation of cannon. 17


  •    To the President of Congress, August 18
    Promotion of brigadiers. 17


  •    To the President of Congress, August 18
    Memorial of Udny Hay. 18


  •    General Orders, August 19 18


  •    To Major General Alexander McDougall, August 19
    Change of plan of operations -- Does he wish to go south. 19


  •    Instructions to Major General William Heath, August 19
    Instructions for commanding in the Highlands. 20


  •    To Colonel Elias Dayton, August 19
    His new location. 23


  •    To the Officer Commanding His Brittanic Majesty's Ships of War, August 21
    Severities exercised against American marine prisoners in New York -- Requests leave for an American officer to visit the prison ships. 24


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, August 21
    His march -- American troops crossing the Hudson -- Meeting with Rochambeau. 25


  •    Circular to the States, August 21
    Delay of the States -- Transfer of the war to the South -- Troops detached -- Need of militia to defend West Point -- Necessity of filling the State battalions. 26


  •    To the Committee of Conference, August 21
    Candor of his communication -- Any change in the Army organization inexpedient -- Reasoning on the war Disadvantages of militia -- Strength of the Army -- Reduction in number of officers at present mischievous -- Length of service of recruits. 28


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Sylvanus Seely, August 21
    Continuance on present duty. 32


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, August 21
    March of the allied armies -- Wagons and horses needed -- To block the escape of the British. 33


  •    Answers to the Questions Proposed This Day by His Excellency Comte de Rochambeau, August 22
    Hospital -- Deposit of stores -- Route for money -- Vessels on the Delaware -- Artillery and baggage transportation -- Vessels on the Chesapeake. 35


  •    To Benoît Joseph de Tarlé, August 22
    Loan of flour and its replacement. 37


  •    General Orders, August 22 37


  •    To Major General Arthur St. Clair, August 22
    Recruits to march south. 38


  •    General Orders, August 24 39


  •    To Comte de Grasse, August 24
    Barras to join him -- March of the allied troops. 39


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, August 24
    Loan of flour from the French -- March of the allied troops. 40


  •    To Major General William Heath, August 24
    Traveling forges. 41


  •    To Major General William Heath, August 24
    Forwarding teams. 41


  •    To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, August 24
    His route of march -- Baggage transportation -- Water route -- Horses and oxen to swim the Delaware. 41


  •    To Colonel Elias Dayton, August 24
    Need of intelligence from New York. 43


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, August 24
    Major Gibbs to replace Major Galvan. 44


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, August 24
    De Grasse not at Newport -- British fleet at the Hook to be watched. 44


  •    To Brigadier General William Smallwood, August 24
    Recruiting the Maryland line. 44


  •    To Lieutenant Abijah Hammond, August 24
    Leave of absence. 45


  •    To Jotham Loring, August 24
    Refusal of his request. 45


  •    To the President of New Hampshire, August 24 46


  •    To Governor William Greene, August 22 -- 24
    Failure of aid from the States -- Detachment ordered south -- Troops remaining under General Heath -- Security of Rhode Island -- Barras -- Militia needed. 46


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Sylvanus Seely, August 25
    To march to Springfield. 48


  •    To Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, August 25
    Clothing, boats, and intrenching tools to be transported to Springfield. 48


  •    To Major General William Heath, August 26
    Rank of subalterns. 49


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, August 27
    Halt of the allied armies -- Journey to Philadelphia. 49


  •    To the President of Congress, August 27
    Reasons for marching to Virginia -- Arrival in Philadelphia. 50


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, August 27
    Transportation of troops by water to the southward -- Need of vessels -- Salt provisions and rum -- One month's pay in specie for the detachment. 50


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, August 27
    Expects to see him soon -- Transportation of troops down the Delaware -- Need of teams at debarkation point in Virginia -- Lafayette's position. 52


  •    To Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, August 27
    Route for the boats. 53


  •    To Colonel Samuel Miles, August 27
    Vessels to be collected at Trenton -- Deception of the enemy -- The Quartermaster General -- Quarters. 54


  •    To Governor Thomas Nelson, August 27
    His appointment -- Troops marching to Virginia -- Arrival of De Grasse -- Provisions needed -- Teams. 55


  •    To Governor Thomas Sim Lee, August 27
    French fleet's arrival -- Assistance needed in the move against Cornwallis -- Provisions and water craft needed -- The moment is critical. 57


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, August 28
    March of the French -- Meeting at Princeton. 58


  •    Instructions to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, August 28 59


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, August 28
    His intelligence. 61


  •    To Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, August 28
    Route of march to Trenton. 61


  •    To Lieutenant William Colfax, August 28
    His absence -- Orders. 62


  •    To the Quartermaster General or Deputy Quartermaster with the Army, August 28
    Impress of cattle and horses on the march. 62


  •    To Captain William Dobbs, August 28
    Expense of the pilots. 63


  •    General Orders, August 28 63


  •    To Abraham Skinner, August 28
    Exchange of prisoners -- Burgoyne's exchange. 66


  •    To Baron Vioménil, August 29
    Militia guard for French bakery. 67


  •    To Major General William Heath, August 29
    Letters to the several States -- Militia called for. 67


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, August 29
    Thanks for intelligence. 68


  •    To Simeon DeWitt, August 29
    Orders to survey the road to Head of Elk. 68


  •    To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, August 31
    Lack of water craft -- Heavy cannon, stores, and baggage to be given first chance -- Ford at Trenton -- Troops to march by land -- Embarkation at Trenton -- Speed necessary. 69


  •    To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, August 31
    French troops to march from Trenton to Head of Elk -- Their baggage, heavy stores, etc., to go by water -- Knox's idea -- Spare and covered wagons -- Repair of boats. 71


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, September 1
    Movement of the British fleet The march south -- Need of vessels at Head of Elk. 72


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, September 1
    His speedy intelligence -- British troops from the West Indies. 73


  •    To the President of Congress, September 1
    Exchange of Colonels Laumoy and Cambray. 73


  •    To Sir Henry Clinton, September 1
    Protested bills of British officers who were prisoners -- Requests payment. 74


  •    To Major General William Heath, September 2
    Offer of services from the Stockbridge Indians. 75


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, September 2
    Strength of Army sufficient for the project -- Ordnance and provisions and the supply system -- Executives to be impressed with necessity of the States furnishing their quotas of supplies -- The French fleets -- A critically important moment. 75


  •    Instructions to Brigadier General Moses Hazen, September 2
    Transportation of ordnance and stores to Head of Elk -- Repair of road. 78


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, September 2
    Destination of the British fleet. 78


  •    Instructions to Lieutenant Colonel Jean Baptiste Gouvion, September 2
    His route to Virginia -- To report on condition of the roads. 79


  •    To Major William Goodrich, September 2
    Their volunteered service. 80


  •    To the Chief of the Stockbridge Indians, September 2
    Has no occasion for their aid at present. 80


  •    Circular to New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, September 3
    Present campaign will be in the South -- Morris's letter calling for the State quota of specific supplies -- Consequences of failure -- Asks for information. 81


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, September 3
    Route of cavalry, carriages, and artillery from Head of Elk to Fredericksburg and beyond. 82


  •    To Joseph Woodbridge, September 3
    Purchase of heavy cannon. 83


  •    To the President of Congress, September 4
    British reply on treatment of naval prisoners. 83


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, September 4
    The situation of affairs -- Change of plan of campaign -- De Grasse in the Chesapeake -- March of the allied troops -- British fleet sailed south -- Barras's sailing -- Contingencies -- Cornwallis -- March south. 84


  •    To Major General William Heath, September 4
    Apprehension of deserters -- Beef cattle for West Point -- Weekly supply to be sent to Sussex Court House. 86


  •    To Chevalier de La Luzerne, September 5
    Arrival of De Grasse in the Chesapeake. 87


  •    To the President of Congress, September 5
    Arrival of De Grasse -- The march south. 87


  •    To Brigadier General Henry Knox, September 5
    Safety of a box and map. 88


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, September 6
    On the march south -- Intelligence. 89


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, September 6
    Need of pay for the troops. 89


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, September 6
    Expenses of Captain Machin. 89


  •    Certificate to Comte Dumas, September 6 90


  •    To Colonel Daniel Brodhead, September 6
    To give up the command at Fort Pitt. 90


  •    To Colonel John Gibson, September 6
    To assume command at Fort Pitt -- Mr. Fowler. 91


  •    To Alexander Fowler, September 6
    To desist from acting as deputy judge advocate in the case of Colonel Brodhead. 91


  •    To Colonel Timothy Pickering, September 6
    To join the Army with all possible dispatch. 92


  •    To Comte de Grasse, September 6
    His arrival in the Chesapeake -- Progress of the troops -- Junction in the James River. 92


  •    General Orders, September 6 93


  •    To the Board of War, September 7
    Hospital. 94


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, September 7
    Departure from the Head of Elk -- Need of money for the troops. 95


  •    To Major General William Heath, September 7
    Arrival of Comte de Grasse -- March of the troops -- Clothing. 95


  •    Circular to Gentlemen on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, September 7
    Arrival of Comte de Grasse -- Requests aid in gathering vessels at Baltimore. 96


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, September 7
    Arrival of Comte de Grasse -- Lack of vessels for transporting all the troops -- Hopes to meet him soon. 97


  •    To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, September 7
    Memorandums for transportation, stores, etc. 98


  •    To Brigadier General Louis le Bèque du Portail, September 7
    Uneasiness on account of Barras and the time set for the departure of the French fleet -- Delay caused by lack of transportation. 101


  •    To Brigadier General Mordecai Gist, September 7
    Dispatches for De Grasse. 102


  •    To Brigadier General John Cadwalader, September 7
    Importance of transporting troops -- Forwarding watercraft to Baltimore. 102


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, September 7
    Thanks for his intelligence -- Arrival of De Grasse -- The military situation. 103


  •    Instructions to Colonel Henry EmanuaI Lutterloh, September 7
    Route of the Army -- Forage. 104


  •    Impress Warrant for Forage, September 7 105


  •    Instructions to Lieutenant William Colfax, September 7
    Papers and baggage to go by land -- Baggage and stores to go by water. 105


  •    To Lieutenant Jacob Mytinger, September 7
    Orders for escort. 106


  •    Instructions to Colonel Timothy Pickering, September 8
    To arrange the teams on the route given -- To join the Army. 106


  •    Instructions to John Pierce, September 8
    Payment to the troops. 107


  •    To the Citizens and Inhabitants of the Town of Baltimore, September 8
    Reply to their address. 107


  •    To Peter Waggoner, September 9
    Militia to repair roads from Georgetown -- Wagons and cattle to use it -- Improvement of Occoquan ford. 109


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, September 10
    Progress of march -- Horse escort. 110


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, or Alexander Spotswood, September 10
    Repair of roads from Rappahannock falls to Caroline Court House -- Rochambeau and Chastellux at Mount Vernon. 110


  •    To Colonel James Hendricks, September 10
    Repair of landings at Georgetown -- Boats needed. 111


  •    To Governor Thomas Sim Lee, September 11
    Inability to visit -- Need of supplies for the Army. 112


  •    To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, September 11
    Troops to be sent by water and land. 113


  •    General Orders, September 15 114


  •    To Governor Thomas Sim Lee, September 15
    De Grasse's victory -- Lack of supplies, particularly bread -- Flour needed. 115


  •    To Comte de Grasse, September 15
    Junction with Barras -- Success in driving off the British fleet -- Lack of transports has delayed arrival of the allied armies -- Interview desirable. 116


  •    To the President of Congress, September 15
    Arrival at Williamsburg -- Junction of the French fleets -- March of the Army -- State of supplies. 117


  •    To Comte de Custine-Sarreck, or Officer Commanding the Troops at the Head of Elk, September 15
    Return of De Grasse to Chesapeake Bay -- Passage of the troops to the James River. 118


  •    To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, September 15
    Sailing of troops from the Head of Elk -- Urges coming of Lincoln's troops -- Cornwallis fortifying -- College landing in James River. 119


  •    To Major General Arthur St. Clair, September 15
    Pennsylvania recruits to be sent on to Virginia. 120


  •    To Colonel James Hendricks, September 15
    Want of provisions and bread -- Flour to be forwarded. 120


  •    To the Virginia Board of War, September 16
    Lack of clothing for the Virginia Line -- Forwarding of clothing. 121


  •    General Orders, September 16 122


  •    Questions Proposed by General Washington to Comte de Grasse, September 17 122


  •    To the Officer Commanding the Infantry of Lauzun's Legion, September 20
    To take position near Gloucester Court House -- Stores and flour. 125


  •    To Comte de Grasse, September 20
    Salt provision convoyed by Barras -- Cordiality of De Grasse's reception. 126


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, September 20
    Lauzun's Legion. 126


  •    To Brigadier General George Weeden, September 20
    Introducing Due de Lauzun. 127


  •    To Comte de Grasse, September 22
    Transmitting letters. 127


  •    To the President of Congress, September 23
    Conference with De Grasse -- Cooperation -- Embarrassment for want of stores. 127


  •    To the Board of War, September 23
    Strength of the British works at Yorktown -- Need of a greater supply of shot and shells. 128


  •    To President Thomas McKean, September 23
    Intelligence forwarded to Comte de Grasse. 129


  •    To Major General William Heath, September 23
    Interview with De Grasse -- Arrival of troops and stores -- Want of provisions and transportation. 129


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, September 23
    His embarrassments -- Watchfulness of enemy -- Due de Lauzun. 130


  •    To Major General William Heath, September 24
    Enquiry into Major General Howe's conduct in Georgia. 131


  •    To Major General Robert Howe, September 24
    Delay in answering his letter -- Regrets his view of the Lincoln's command -- Progress of the siege. 131


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, September 24
    Embarkation at New York -- Progress of the siege. 132


  •    To Colonel Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, September 24
    Exchange of Burgoyne. 133


  •    General Orders, September 24 134


  •    General Orders, September 25 135


  •    To Comte de Grasse, September 25
    His proposal to leave the Chesapeake -- Urges perseverance in the plan determined upon -- The enterprise against York certain -- To frustrate these prospects would involve disgrace and loss -- Importance of having a fleet in the Chesapeake -- An alternative scheme -- The British admiral does not intend to fight. 136


  •    To Reverend John Hurt, September 25
    Chaplains exempt from capture and parole. 139


  •    General Orders, September 26140


  •    To Colonel Alexander Scammell, September 26
    His feeling over alteration in his command -- Explanation -- Seniority with Colonel Tupper. 141


  •    To Colonels Ephraim Blaine and Charles Stewart, September 26
    Point to which to draw supplies on the eastern shore -- Hides and tallow. 142


  •    To Comte de Grasse, September 27
    His intention to stay in the Chesapeake. 143


  •    To Comte de Grasse, September 27
    Requests six or eight hundred men to reenforce the force besieging Gloucester. 144


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, September 27
    Need of rum. 144


  •    To Chevalier de Villebresme, September 27
    Requests him to cover the debarkation of artillery and stores. 145


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, September 27
    Application made to De Grasse for marines. 145


  •    General Orders, September 27 146


  •    General Orders, September 28 148


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, September 28
    Non-receipt of letters -- The move to Virginia -- The siege of Yorktown -- Future operations. 148


  •    To the Board of War, September 28
    Doctor Craik's letter regarding the hospitals. 151


  •    General Orders, September 29 152


  •    General Orders, September 30 153


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, September 30
    Evacuation of British outworks -- Prevention of escape of Cornwallis by way of Gloucester. 155


  •    To Major General William Heath, October 1
    His measures approved -- Progress of the siege. 156


  •    To the President of Congress, October 1
    The armies before York -- Outposts evacuated by the British and occupied by the Americans -- Investment of the enemy completed. 158


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, October 1
    Colonel Harrison's expenses -- Pay for Lincoln and his aides. 159


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 1
    Station of the French fleet -- Some vessels needed above the enemy's posts on York River -- Objects to be effected -- Chance of Cornwallis escaping -- James River secure -- Little effect of land batteries -- Fire ships -- Hospital at Hampton -- Inability to furnish sailors -- Flour for rum -- Loan of powder -- Thanks for his detachment -- Time limit for the siege. 160


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, October 1
    Return of a bill. 165


  •    General Orders, October 1 165


  •    General Orders, October 2 167


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, October 3
    Cannon for his side of the river. 169


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 3
    His refusal to send ships above Yorktown -- A letter from Philadelphia. 169


  •    General Orders, October 3 170


  •    General Orders, October 4 171


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, October 4
    Advantage obtained over the enemy -- Shorter route for his expresses. 173


  •    To Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, October 5
    Thanks for his letter -- Wishes for his health. 174


  •    General Orders, October 5 175


  •    General Orders, October 6 177


  •    To Edward Rutledge, October 6
    Agrees with his suggestions -- Expulsion of British from the southern States -- Progress of the siege. 186


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 6
    Hulks sunk by the British -- Pilots. 187


  •    To the President of Congress, October 6
    Progress of the siege. 188


  •    To President Thomas McKean, October 6
    America must depend on her own exertions -- Thinks Cornwallis must fall -- McKean's plan. 188


  •    To James Lovell, October 6
    Ciphers. 189


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, October 6
    Congratulations on his victory -- Good understanding with the marquis -- Little differences of which the world will, he hopes, acquit him -- Baron Steuben. 190


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, October 6
    Progress of the siege -- Admiral Digby's arrival at New York -- Colonel Morris's communication. 191


  •    To Major General William Heath, October 6
    Forage used by the French at Phillipsburg -- Progress of the siege. 192


  •    Memorandums for Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Morris, Junior, October 6
    To be communicated to General Greene. 193


  •    To Major General William Smallwood, October 6
    Forward fifty recruits -- Nine-months men -- Reenforcing General Greene. 196


  •    To Colonel Roger Enos, October 6
    Situation in Vermont -- To consider himself under the command of General Heath. 196


  •    General Orders, October 7 197


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Walton White, October 7
    Cavalry to reenforce General Greene. 198


  •    General Orders, October 8 198


  •    To Colonel Stephen Moylan, October 8
    Cavalry reenforcement for General Greene. 200


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Forrest, October 8
    His resignation. 201


  •    To Major William MacPherson, October 8
    His employment. 201


  •    To Captain John Heard, October 8
    His charges against Lieutenant Colonel White. 202


  •    General Orders, October 9 202


  •    To Governor Thomas Nelson, October 10
    Pilots for Comte de Grasse. 204


  •    General Orders, October 10 204


  •    General Orders, October 11 206


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 11
    French officers' reconnaissance of York River -- Their opinion -- Destruction of a British vessel -- Pilots -- Enemy's conduct passive. 208


  •    To Governor Thomas Sire Lee, October 12
    Thanks for his efforts -- Supplies granted by the State -- Cattle from the eastern shore -- Progress of the siege. 209


  •    To James Lovell, October 12
    Enclosures for General Greene. 210


  •    To Francisco Rendon, October 12
    Disposition of Galvez -- Cannot propose any operation -- The prospects of carrying the war into South Carolina and Georgia -- Best plan to move against East Florida. 211


  •    To the President of Congress, October 12
    The first parallel opened -- The bombardment -- Subsequent operations -- British ships and transports burned -- Assistance received from the French officers -- Greatest harmony exists between the two armies. 212


  •    To Major General William Heath, October 12
    Thanks for intelligence sent -- De Grasse's victory -- Bombardment -- Destruction of British ships -- Cornwallis's conduct is really surprising. 213


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, October 12
    Militia volunteers to act on a French brig. 215


  •    General Orders, October 12 216


  •    To Colonel -- Welles, October 13
    Destruction of British earthworks at Portsmouth. 216


  •    To Major Moore Fauntleroy, October 13
    Dragoons to march to Richmond. 216


  •    General Orders, October 13 217


  •    To Governor Thomas Nelson, October 14
    Need of clothing for the Fourth Continental Dragoons. 220


  •    To Captain Martelli Chautard, October 14
    Exchange of Captain Segond. 221


  •    To Major Joseph Greene, October 14
    Prisoners taken by Comte de Grasse. 222


  •    General Orders, October 14 222


  •    To Colonel Timothy Pickering, October 14
    Flatboats to be mounted on carriages. 222


  •    General Orders, October 15 223


  •    To Colonel Charles Armand-Tuffin, October 15
    Recruiting his legion. 224


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Ebenezer Huntington, October 15
    His declination of command -- Mistake in reasoning -- Sorry for his resolution. 224


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 16
    Ships to be stationed above Yorktown -- Protection to small boats -- Number expected -- Intelligence from General Forman -- Probable British design to relieve Yorktown -- Capture of two redoubts. 225


  •    To the President of Congress, October 16
    The second parallel completed -- Disposition for an assault -- Success attending it -- Importance of the redoubts captured and the future prospects -- A sortie by the enemy. 227


  •    To Major General William Heath, October 16
    Clinton's relief of Cornwallis -- Capture of redoubts -- British diversion at New York -- Heath's move in consequence. 229


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, October 16
    Bombardment -- Capture of redoubts -- Relief of Cornwallis from New York. 230


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, October 16
    No doubt of Clinton attempting to relieve Cornwallis -- Progress of the siege. 232


  •    General Orders, October 16 233


  •    General Orders, October 17 234


  •    To John Blair, October 17
    Use of college buildings for the sick and wounded. 234


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 17
    Flatboats will meet the ships -- Cornwallis's proposal of terms. 235


  •    To Charles, Earl Cornwallis, October 17
    Willingness to listen to terms. 236


  •    To Charles, Earl Cornwallis, October 18
    General terms on which a capitulation must take place. 237


  •    General Orders, October 18 238


  •    General Orders, October 19 239


  •    To Marquis de Choisy, October 19
    Sends copy of the capitulation for his government. 239


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 19
    Regrets at his ill health -- Doubts of the intelligence he has received. 239


  •    To Marquis de Choisy, October 19
    The capitulation of Gloucester -- Terms. 240


  •    To the President of Congress, October 19
    Surrender of Cornwallis -- Spirit of emulation in the whole Army -- Assistance of the French Army and fleet -- Praise of individuals. 241


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, October 19
    Strictest guard to be placed over surrendered arms and accoutrements. 244


  •    General Orders, October 20 244


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 20
    Intercepted letters from Sir Henry Clinton. 247


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 20
    Suggests a cooperation against Charleston -- Its capture would terminate the war and dictate a peace -- Wilmington an alternative -- A reenforcement to be sent to Greene. 248


  •    To Marquis de Choisy, October 20
    Thanks for his arrangements. 250


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, October 20
    Arms, etc., to be delivered to Knox. 251


  •    General Orders, October 21 251


  •    General Orders, October 22 252


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 22
    Dispatches for France. 252


  •    To Marquis de Choisy, October 22
    Horses surrendered at Gloucester to be delivered to the Quartermaster General. 253


  •    To Charles, Earl Cornwallis, October 22 The British military chest to be delivered to the Quartermaster General. 253


  •    To Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay, October 22
    Forward news of the capitulation at Yorktown and General Greene's last action in South Carolina. 253


  •    General Orders, October 23 254


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 23
    Transports for British officers -- Exchange of American naval prisoners. 255


  •    To Doctor James Craik, October 23
    Accommodation of the sick at Williamsburg -- Smallpox patients -- Clothing. 256


  •    To David Ross, October 23
    Purchase of salt provisions. 257


  •    To Baron Steuben, October 23
    Colonel Febiger's officers -- Virginia line troops. 258


  •    To Brigadier General Jethro Sumner, October 24
    Success at Yorktown. 258


  •    To Marquis de St. Simon, October 24
    His services -- Present of two horses. 259


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, October 24
    The surrender of Cornwallis -- Number of prisoners. 260


  •    To Colonel Ephraim Blaine, October 24
    Provisions for British and German prisoners. 261


  •    To David Ross, October 24
    Disposition to be made of slaves retaken from the enemy. 262


  •    General Orders, October 24 262


  •    To Major General William Smallwood, October 25
    Forwarding of nine-months men. 263


  •    General Orders, October 25 264


  •    To Mrs. Betty Randolph, October 25
    Payment for forage consumed. 265


  •    To Colonel Charles Armand-Tuffin, October 25
    Enlistment of men -- Accoutrements taken by Lafayette -- Cavalry to move south. 266


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 25
    Vicomte de Montguyot -- Boats -- British naval preparations. 267


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 25
    Cornwallis's letter to Lafayette -- Relief of North Carolina traders. 268


  •    To Brigadier General Louis le Bèque du Portail, October 26
    His request for a leave of absence -- His services. 268


  •    General Orders, October 26 269


  •    Instructions to Colonel Stephen Moylan, October 26
    Equipment of cavalry out of captured supplies. 270


  •    To Governor Thomas Nelson, October 27
    Recruiting Virginia's regiments -- Fears a relaxation of efforts -- Pleads for assistance to the southern States. 271


  •    To the President of Congress, October 27
    Extract of a letter from General Heath. 272


  •    To the Board of War, October 27
    Stores and clothing from France -- To be sent to New Windsor -- Stores, arms, etc., to be deposited at Boston. 273


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 27
    Introducing young sons of Robert Morris. 273


  •    To Charles, Earl Cornwallis, October 27
    Surprise at British officer's objection to signing the parole. 274


  •    General Orders, October 27 275


  •    To the President and Professors of the University of William and Mary, October 27
    Reply to their address -- Removal of sick and wounded. 276


  •    To Richard Peters, October 27
    His mode of obtaining intelligence -- Captain McLean. 277


  •    To Major General William Heath, October 27
    Inquiry into conduct of General Howe -- Beef cattle. 278


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, October 27
    His sons -- Need of rum -- Morris's exertions. 279


  •    To Philip Schuyler, October 27
    A death sentence not confirmed -- Cornwallis's surrender. 280


  •    To the President of Congress, October 27 280


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, October 27
    Thanks for his intelligence -- Surrender of Cornwallis. 280


  •    Instructions to Colonel Timothy Pickering, October 27
    Cantonment for French Army -- British hospital to be removed to Fredericksburg -- Troops to join the southern army -- Artillery and stores -- Teams. 281


  •    General Orders, October 28 283


  •    To the Comte de Grasse, October 28
    Outline for cooperation next May. 284


  •    To Comte de Grasse, October 28
    Disappointment at failure of Wilmington plan -- Water transportation needed -- Naval signals. 286


  •    General Orders, October 29 287


  •    To the Magistrates of Essex County, October 29
    Requests aid in removing the British sick and wounded from York and Gloucester. 288


  •    To Governor Thomas Sim Lee, October 29
    Plank for the artillery and engineers -- Civil action against Captain Shilds. 289


  •    To Acting Governor Alexander Martin, October 29
    Arms for North Carolina. 289


  •    To Chevalier de La Luzerne, October 29
    Returns naval signals. 290


  •    To Major General William Heath, October 29
    Preparation of winter quarters -- Locations. 290


  •    To Captain Allen McLane, October 29
    To reconnoiter the British fleet off the Chesapeake capes. 291


  •    Instructions to Major General Arthur St. Clair, October 29 292


  •    Instructions to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, October 29 293


  •    To the President of Congress, October 27-29 Returns of prisoners and supplies surrendered at Yorktown -- Location of the troops -- Propositions submitted to De Grasse -- Reenforcing of Greene -- March of Army north -- French army to stay in Virginia -- Troops for Greene to go by land. 294


  •    General Orders, October 30 299


  •    To Acting Governor Alexander Martin, October 30
    His appeal in behalf of Governor Burke -- Need of exertion by the State legislature -- To fill the battalions. 302


  •    To Governor Thomas Sim Lee, October 30
    Terms of Cornwallis's surrender -- British prisoners sent to Winchester and Fort Frederick. 303


  •    To Benoît Joseph de Tarlé, October 31
    Repayment of supplies. 304


  •    General Orders, October 31 304


  •    To Governor John Rutledge, October 31
    Refusal of Comte de Grasse to stay on the coast. 306


  •    To the President of Congress, October 31
    Application of Du Portail to go to France -- Services of Du Portail and Gouvion -- Knox's claims to promotion. 307


  •    Certificate to Du Portail, October 31 308


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, October 31
    Correspondence -- Wilmington expedition negatived by De Grasse -- Reenforcements for Greene -- St. Clair's instructions -- Virginia and North Carolina urged to fill their battalions -- Returns of captures -- Exchange of prisoners -- Appearance of British fleet from New York. 309


  •    To Colonel Stephen Moylan, October 31
    To prepare cavalry and join General St. Clair. 312


  •    To Colonel George Baylor, October 31
    To take orders from Colonel Moylan. 313


  •    Instructions to Colonels Ephraim Blaine and Charles Stewart, October 31
    Provision supply for troops -- Repayment to the French. 313


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Jean Baptiste Gouvion, October 31
    His services. 314


  •    To Answer the Queries of Mr. Ross, October
    Horses and clothing. 314


  •    General Orders, November 1 315


  •    To Major General Horatio Gates, November 1
    His entering active service -- Good wishes. 315


  •    To Brigadier General William Irvine, November 1
    Courts-martial at Fort Pitt -- Capital sentences. 316


  •    To Colonel Stephen Moylan, November 1
    His regiment -- Application to go to Philadelphia. 317


  •    To Colonel Charles Armand-Tuffin, November 1
    Drafts to fill his Legion -- Orders to march to Charlottesville. 317


  •    General Orders, November 2 318


  •    To the President of Congress, November 2
    Employment of Baron de Frey. 318


  •    To President William Moore, November 3
    Requests aid of the legislature in outfitting Moylan's dragoons. 319


  •    General Orders, November 3 320


  •    Instructions to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, November 3
    March of troops north. 323


  •    To Governor Thomas Nelson or Lieutenant Governor David Jamison, November 3
    March of British and German convalescents from Yorktown -- Those in the hospitals of Gloucester. 324


  •    To Brigadier General George Weedon, November 3
    March of British and German convalescents. 325


  •    Instructions to Thomas Durie, November 3
    Sailing of paroled officers and others -- Removal of British sick and wounded -- Guards. 326


  •    Instructions to Lieutenant William Colfax, November 3
    Transportation of the Guard. 327


  •    To David Ross, November 3
    Articles for the general hospital. 328


  •    General Orders, November 4 328


  •    To Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, November 4
    Enterprise against Wilmington. 329


  •    To Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, November 4
    His application for leave of absence. 329


  •    Instructions to Captain William Dent Beall, November 4
    Guard of British and German hospitals. 330


  •    Instructions to Colonel Timothy Pickering, November 4
    Care of public stores -- Flatboats -- Damage claims. 330


  •    Instructions to Simeon De Witt, November 4
    Survey of roads. 332


  •    To Governor Thomas Nelson, November 4
    Deposit of captured arms, etc., at Westham -- Laboratory. 332


  •    To the President of Congress, November 4
    Captain McLean to recruit a legion. 334


  •    Impress Warrant, November 5 335


  •    To Comte de Grasse, November 5
    Friendship -- Gift of horses. 335


  •    To Comte de Grasse, November 5
    Delivery of British prisoners who claim to be Americans. 337


  •    To the President of Congress, November 6
    March of the southern detachment -- Troops marching north -- A distressing event. 338


  •    To David Ross, November 9
    Cherokee Indians. 338


  •    To the President of Congress, November 15
    Appreciation of the honor conferred by Congress. 339


  •    To Joseph Reed, November 15
    Thanks for his congratulations. 339


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, November 15
    March of the troops -- Death of John Parke Custis -- Delay at Mount Vernon -- Friendship -- Future operations depend entirely upon a naval force -- Congress to determine the force of the American Army. 340


  •    To Thomas McKean, November 15
    Congress proclamations for a day of prayer and thanksgiving -- Has done only his duty -- The hand of heaven conspicuous in the result -- The new president of Congress. 342


  •    To Major General William Heath, November 15
    State of matters in the north -- Clothing distribution at Newburgh -- Meat and bread supply. 343


  •    To Major General Robert Howe, November 15
    Inquiry into his conduct in Georgia. 344


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Richard Varick, November 15
    His writers. 345


  •    To Governor Thomas Sim Lee, November 16
    Inquiries for refugees -- Hopes to see him at Annapolis. 345


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, November 16
    Move of troops north -- French fleet's departure -- March of prisonners -- Hopes to stimulate Congress for the next campaign -- Fear of lethargy -- Anxiety to learn of British reenforcement of Charleston. 346


  •    To Benjamin Dulany, November 17
    The sale of Manley's tract -- Reasons why he desires to purchase. 348


  •    To Robert Hanson Harrison, November 18
    Despairs of seeing him -- Thanks for his congratulations. 351


  •    To Bartholomew Dandridge, November 19
    The Custis estate -- Examination in Mr. Custis's affairs. 352


  •    To the Board of War, November 19
    Southern army's clothing -- Straining the finances. 353


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, November 19
    Debt of clothing purchases by officers at Yorktown -- Goods found on a cartel -- Funds of the British military chest. 354


  •    To William Ramsay, John Fitzgerald, Robert Hooe, and the Other Inhabitants of Alexandria, November 19
    Answer to their address. 355


  •    To Peter Waggoner and Others, November 20
    Administration of the estate of John Parke Custis. 356


  •    To Mayor John Bullen, November 21
    Reply to an address. 357


  •    To George Plater and Thomas Cockey Dey, November 23
    Answer to an address of the General Assembly of Maryland. 358


  •    To Governor Jonathan Trumbull, November 28
    Fears a spirit of remissness on the part of the States -- Policy of European courts -- Ships at New London. 359


  •    To the President of Congress, November 28
    Address to Congress. 360


  •    To Philip Schuyler, November 28
    Success in Virginia -- Temper of governing power of Vermont. 361


  •    To Major General William Heath, November 28
    Winter quarters -- Flour -- Scarcity of money. 362


  •    To President William Moore and the Supreme Executive Council, November 29
    Reply to the address of the Supreme Executive Council. 363


  •    To Frederick A. Muhlenberg and the House of Representatives, November 29
    Reply to the address of the General Assembly. 363


  •    To Thomas Jefferson, November 30
    Thanks for his congratulations. 364


  •    To President John Hanson, November 30
    Congratulations on his election -- Mutual communication. 365


  •    To Daniel Carroll, November 30
    Meeting with the committee of Congress. 366


  •    To Major General Arthur St. Clair, November 30
    Impediments to the march of the Pennsylvania troops south -- Prospects against Wilmington -- Colonel Febiger's return of Virginia troops. 366


  •    To Lord Stirling, November 30
    Thanks for congratulations -- Success of military operations in the north. 367


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, December 2
    His condolences on the death of Mr. Custis -- Rochambeau's winter quarters. 368


  •    To President John Dickinson, December 3
    Hospital at Wilmington. 368


  •    To the President of Congress, December 3
    British proposals for exchange of Charleston prisoners. 369


  •    To the President of Congress, December 4
    Promotion of Colonel Williams. 370


  •    To the Secretary at War, December 4
    Horse accoutrements -- Swords, caps, breeches, etc. 370


  •    To Major General Benjamin Lincoln, December 5
    Recommendation of General Knox -- His promotion. 371


  •    To Abraham Skinner, December 5
    Exchange negotiation. 372


  •    To Sir Henry Clinton, December 6
    Exchange of prisoners -- Commissioners. 373


  •    To Brigadier General Moses Hazen or Officer Commanding His Regiment, December 6
    March to winter quarters. 374


  •    General Orders, December 6 374


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, December 8
    Drafts for goods purchased by officers. 375


  •    To Major General William Heath, December 8
    Need of accurate returns for a committee of Congress. 376


  •    To the Secretary at War, December 9
    Doctor Shield. 377


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, December 10
    Cartel ship from New York with supplies -- Passports for tobacco ships. 377


  •    To David Ross, December 10
    Cherokee chief -- Payment of bills by Mr. Morris -- Passports for tobacco ships. 378


  •    General Orders, December 10 379


  •    To Rear Admiral Robert Digby, December 11
    Reception of the cartel New Blessing . 380


  •    To James McHenry, December 11
    His entrance into civil life -- To secure a good peace, we ought to be well prepared to carry on the war -- No want of disposition in Congress -- The States must determine future operations. 380


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel David Humphreys, December 11
    His plan. 382


  •    To Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, December 12
    His offer as to prisoners -- American deserters from the British. 382


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Moses Rawlings, December 12
    Removal of British prisoners to Lancaster. 383


  •    To Baron de Frey, December 12
    His resignation. 384


  •    To Captain Benjamin Walker, December 13
    Court-martial witnesses. 384


  •    General Orders, December 14 385


  •    To Brigadier General James Clinton, December 14
    Huts for winter quarters -- His position in the gorge of the mountain. 385


  •    To Colonel Timothy Pickering, December 14
    Collection and preservation of boats -- Articles for the next campaign. 386


  •    To Governor John Rutledge, December 15
    Personal. 387


  •    General Orders, December 15 387


  •    To Major General William Heath, December 15
    Escort for the mail -- Captain Edgar -- Security of boats. 388


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, December 15
    Evacuation of North Carolina by the British -- The recommendation of Colonel Williams -- Possible action of the British in the southern States -- Prisoners and retaliation. 389


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, December 15
    Friendship -- Death of Custis. 391


  •    To President John Dickinson, December 15
    Wood and straw needed for the hospital at Wilmington. 392


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, December 16
    Preparations of Congress for the next campaign. 393


  •    General Orders, December 16 393


  •    To the President of Congress, December 17
    Requisitions on States for quotas of men -- The southern army. 393


  •    To the Magistrates of the City of Philadelphia, December 17
    Reply to their address. 394


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, December 17
    Destination of the British fleet -- Lookout on the seashore. 394


  •    To Abraham Skinner, December 17
    Exchange of Jacob Summer -- Officers in Canada -- Returns from the south delayed. 395


  •    To Brigadier General William Irvine, December 18
    Disordered matters to the westward -- Failure of the Detroit expedition -- Removal of principal post to be decided by Congress -- Deficient contractors for Fort Pitt -- Exchange of prisoners in Canada. 396


  •    Circular to the States December 19
    Quotas of troops -- Necessity of strengthening Army -- Physical standard of recruits. 397


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, December 19
    Call for State quotas of troops -- Form of return. 399


  •    To Colonel Elias Dayton, December 20
    Channel of intelligence. 400


  •    To Abraham Skinner, December 20
    Exchange negotiations. 401


  •    To the Secretary at War, December 21
    Contract for supply of West Point -- Questions. 401


  •    To Brigadier General William Irvine, December 21
    Inexpediency of removing the post of Fort Pitt -- Repair of the fort -- The Detroit expedition. 402


  •    General Orders, December 22 403


  •    To the President of Congress, December 24
    Refusal of British to an exchange without Cornwallis. 403


  •    To George Campbell, December 24
    Acceptance of the badge of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 404


  •    To Daniel Carroll, December 24
    Difficulty in complying with the instructions of New Jersey to their delegates -- Another meeting with the committee of Congress necessary. 404


  •    To Major General William Heath, December 24
    Smallpox inoculation -- Clothing for the Rhode Island regiment -- General Stark's retirement. 405


  •    To Robert Morris, December 24
    Friendship -- Christmas dinner. 406


  •    To Lord Stirling, December 25
    News from Schuyler -- Invitation to Philadelphia. 406


  •    To the President of Congress, December 27
    The Board Associated Loyalists in New York -- Condition of naval prisoners -- Prospects of securing their release -- Results of the want of system. 407


  •    To Major James Randolph Reid, December 27
    Request for a leave of absence. 409


  •    To the Secretary at War, December 28
    Observations on the plan of inspection. 409


  •    To Doctor Thomas Bond, December 28
    Election to the American Philosophical Society. 412


  •    To the Secretary at War, December 29
    Difference in his calculations on the strength of the Army -- Paying the Army -- Prisoners. 413


  •    To the Continental Officer Commanding at the Head of Elk, December 30
    Surrender of a soldier to the civil power. 414


  •    To the Secretary at War, December 30
    Thanks for trophies presented by Congress -- Indebtedness to the officers. 414


  •    To Joseph Gilpin, December 30
    Surrender of a soldier to the civil authority. 415


  •    To Major General William Heath, December 31
    Disposal of captured clothing -- New York State regiments. 415


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, December 31
    Sailing of British troops for Carolina. 416


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, December 31
    British regiments sailed from New York. 416


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Richard Varick, December 31
    Employment of a writer -- A working day -- Indexes. 417


  •    To Sir Henry Clinton, December 31
    Delay in forwarding passports. 418


  •    General Orders, December 31 419


  •    1782


  •    To Thomas Chittenden, January 1
    Sentiments as an individual -- Claims of the Vermont people -- A political manæuvre -- Importance of the question -- Coercion on the part of Congress to be dreaded -- Negotiations with the enemy. 419


  •    General Orders, January 1 422


  •    General Orders, January 2 423


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Francis Mentges, January 2
    His representation of the conduct of the surgeons -- Hospital matters. 423


  •    To Brigadier General David Forman, January 2
    Settlement of his account -- Wishes a report on the British at Staten Island. 424


  •    To Comte de Lameth, January 2
    His services communicated to the Duc de Broglio. 425


  •    To Duc de Broglio, January 2
    Gallantry of De Lameth at Yorktown. 426


  •    To the President of Congress, January 2
    Sailing of a British detachment. 426


  •    To Major General William Heath, January 3
    British embarkation -- Magazines, etc., under the Superintendent of Finance -- The Connecticut company at Wyoming -- Orders for the Tenth Massachusetts Regiment. 427


  •    To Colonel Elias Dayton, January 3
    British sailing from New York -- Case of McMichael. 428


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Forrest, January 3
    His acquittal. 428


  •    To Chevalier de La Luzerne, January 4
    Forwarding letters. 429


  •    To Marquis de Lafayette, January 4 -- 5
    Efforts of Congress for a vigorous campaign -- Money and naval assistance wanted of France -- Intelligence -- Resolutions of Virginia. 429


  •    General Orders, January 7 431


  •    To Philip Schuyler, January 8
    Vermont matters. 432


  •    To Major General Samuel Holden Parsons, January 8
    Asks for exertions with the legislature to obtain full compliance with requisitions for money and men. 433


  •    To Major General William Heath, January 8
    Arrangement of Massachusetts captains -- Vouchers for rations. 433


  •    To Governor Thomas Sim Lee, January 8
    Need of clothing for sick soldiers at Annapolis. 434


  •    To John Tyler, January 8
    Thanks for the vote of the House of Delegates of Virginia. 435


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, January 8
    Expresses badly regulated -- Fire at the hospital. 435


  •    To Governor Benjamin Harrison, January 10
    Complaint of Virginia officers as to pay. 436


  •    General Orders, January 10 437


  •    To the Secretary at War, January 10
    Servants to officers -- Doctor Ledyard. 439


  •    To Major General Alexander McDougall, January 11
    Case of Doctor Ledyard -- Arrangement of the hospital department. 439


  •    To Sir Henry Clinton, January 11
    Commissioners to liquidate prisoners' accounts -- Wood for prisoners. 440


  •    To Major General William Heath, January 12
    Inoculation of troops. 441


  •    To Brigadier General Moses Hazen, January 12
    Detention of British officers. 442


  •    To Colonel Christian Febiger, January 12
    Refusal of the Virginia officers to march -- Impropriety of such a step -- Independence not established -- Measures of relief Pay. 442


  •    To Governor William Livingston, January 12 -- 13
    British post at Egg Harbor -- Traffic with the enemy -- Moody -- Protection of the mail. 444


  •    To the President of Congress, January 14
    Interception of the mail by the enemy. 445


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, January 14
    Exchanges. 446


  •    To Baron Vioménil, January 15
    Appreciation of his services. 446


  •    To Governor Benjamin Harrison, January 15
    Resignation of Nelson -- Urgent need of supplies called for by Congress. 447


  •    To Brigadier General Elias Dayton, January 15
    His promotion. 448


  •    To Captain Thomas Hutchins, January 16
    To join the southern army -- The Pennsylvania-Virginia boundary. 448


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, January 16
    Preparation for a combined operation -- Birth of a Dauphine. 449


  •    General Orders, January 18 449


  •    General Orders, January 19 450


  •    To the Secretary at War, January 20
    Filling up the Army and supporting it -- Rousing the legislatures -- Sending an officer -- Projected circular to the States -- Clothing supply -- Provisions-Forage -- Teams-Proclamation to deserters. 452


  •    To Major General William Heath, January 22
    Returns of troops -- Pardon for deserters -- Music -- Clothing. 456


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Marinus Willett, January 22
    Alteration in the establishment of the Army. 457


  •    General Orders, January 22 457


  •    Circular to the States, January 22
    Supplies from abroad inadequate -- Congress' call for money from the States -- Trouble caused by lack of pay, clothing, and food -- Bringing the war to an end -- Wishes these sentiments laid before the legislature -- Returns of troops. 458


  •    To Governor William Livingston, January 22
    Forwarding a paper. 461


  •    To the President of Congress, January 23
    Court-martial of General Howe. 461


  •    To Captain John Francis Hamtranck, January 24
    His suggested enterprise. 462


  •    General Orders, January 24 462


  •    General Orders, January 25 464


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, January 25
    Captain Hutchins -- Officers to be sent to the New England States to urge on the legislatures -- Meeting of the exchange commissioners. 464


  •    General Orders, January 26 465


  •    To Major General Nathanael Greene, January 26
    The force sailed from New York -- Efforts for next campaign. 465


  •    To Brigadier General Elias Dayton, January 26
    Colonel D'Hart's resignation -- Abuse of flags of truce -- Uneasiness of the company at Wyoming. 466


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Richard Varick, January 28
    Powers and instructions of exchange commissioners. 467


  •    To Philip Schuyler, January 29
    Guard for Schuyler -- Affairs in the Grants -- British shipping in the ice on Champlain. 467


  •    To Major General William Heath, January 29
    Court-martial of General McDougall -- Tenth Massachusetts Regiment -- Ration allowance of a colonel commanding a brigade -- Pardon of deserters -- Colton. 468


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, January 29
    Captain Hutchins needed with the southern army. 470


  •    General Orders, January 29 471


  •    To the President of Congress, January 30
    Clothing of the Massachusetts troops. 471


  •    To Governor George Clinton, January 30
    Exchange of Cedars prisoners -- Affair of the Grants before Congress. 472


  •    To Major General William Heath, January 31
    Returns of eastern troops. 473


  •    To the Secretary at War, January 31
    Promoting the recruiting service. 473


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, January 31
    Major Macpherson's status. 474


  •    To Brigadier General Jedidiah Huntington and Lieutenant Colonel Jeremiah Olney, January 31
    Letters for the Governor -- Completing their regiment -- Collecting and forwarding recruits -- Supplies. 474


  •    Circular to the States, January 31
    Returns of men in service -- Compliance with the requisitions of Congress -- Need of strengthening the Army -- Victory in Virginia may, lull the country into lethargy -- Indispensable duty to make use of our means -- Need of a powerful army -- Emulation among the States to comply with requisitions. 476


  •    To Abraham Skinner, February 1
    Arrest of persons who came out with a flag -- Intercourse with New York. 480


  •    To Brigadier General Elias Dayton, February 1
    Confinement of persons who came out with a flag. 481


  •    To the Superintendent of Finance, February 2
    Officers' clothing. 481


  •    To Major General Alexander McDougall, February 3
    Dispute with General Heath -- Charges against McDougall -- Court-martial. 482


  •    To Baron Steuben, February 4
    Assistant inspectors -- Combining inspection and mustering departments -- Queries. 483


  •    To the Virginia Senate, February 5
    Its vote of thanks -- Will convey the sentiments to the officers and men of the Army. 484


  •    To the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Council of Williamsburgh, February 6
    Reply to their address. 485


  •    To Governor Benjamin Harrison, February 6
    Distress at the embarrassed state of finances in Virginia -- Contracts for feeding the Army -- Need of vigorous preparations for the next campaign. 485


  •    To Philip Schuyler, February 6
    His letter to Stark -- His ardent wish to conciliate all contention -- Cannot recommend particular modes of accommodation -- Vermont sends agents to Philadelphia. 487


  •    To Comte de Grasse, February 6
    Slaves taken from Colonel Fitzhugh by the British. 488


  •    To Baron Steuben, February 8
    Duties of assistant inspectors -- Case of Colonel Williams. 489


  •    To William Fitzhugh, February 8
    His letter forwarded to Comte de Grasse. 490


  •    To Colonel Timothy Pickering, February 8
    what Arrangements Has He Made For Next Campaign. 491


  •    To President William Moore, February 8
    Recruiting of Von Heer's and Armand's corps. 491


  •    To Colonel Christian Febiger, February 9
    Delay of Virginia troops to march to General Greene. 492


  •    To Comte de Rochambeau, February 9
    March of the legion to reinforce Greene -- Presentation of two field pieces by Congress -- Virginia's gratitude -- Exchange of Lord Rawdon. 493


  •    To Colonel Timothy Pickering, February 10
    Purchase of ox-teams -- Wagons. 494


  •    General Orders, February 11 495


  •    General Orders, February 12 495


  •    To David Ross, February 12
    Passports for tobacco ships. 496


  •    To Comte De Rochambeau, February 12
    passports For Tobacco -- advances To The British Hospital At Gloucester. 496


  •    To Ezekiel Cornell, February 13
    Promotions of brigadiers and colonels -- Excess of major generals and brigadiers -- His plan. 497


  •    To Colonel Charles Armand-Tuffin, February 13
    Exchange of Colonel Ternant -- Supplies through Colonel Carrington. 499


  •    To Lieutenant Colonel Richard Varick, February 13
    Pay for his writers -- Index. 500


  •    General Orders, February 13 501


  •    To Colonel John Lamb and Lieutenant Colonel Ebenezer Stevens, February 15
    Officers' pay -- Clothing -- Arrangements for goods. 501


  • TABLE OF SYMBOLS

        The following symbols have been used to denote the place of deposit of Washington letters not found in draft or letter-book form in the Washington Papers in the Library of Congress:

  •    Indicating that the letter is in Washington's own handwriting *


  •    Chicago Historical Society [CH. H. S.]


  •    Clements Library, University of Michigan [C.L.]


  •    Connecticut Historical Society [C.H.S.]


  •    Harvard College Library [HV.L.]


  •    Haverford College [HD. C.]


  •    Historical Society of Pennsylvania [H. S.P.]


  •    Huntington Library [H.L.]


  •    John Carter Brown Library, Rhode Island [J. C.B.]


  •    Maine Historical Society [M.H.S.]


  •    Maryland Historical Society [MD. H. S.]


  •    Massachusetts Historical Society [MS. H. S.]


  •    J.P. Morgan Library [M.L.]


  •    New Hampshire Historical Society [N. H. H. S.]


  •    New York Historical Society [N. Y. H. S.]


  •    New York Public Library [N.Y.P.L.]


  •    New York State Library [N. Y. S. L.]


  •    Rhode Island Historical Society [R. I. H. S.]


  •    Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati [R. I. S. C.]


  •    Society of the Cincinnati [S.C.]


  •    University of Chicago Library [U. C.L]


  •    University of Pennsylvania Library [U. P.]


  •    Virginia Historical Society [V.H.S.]


  •    Virginia State Library [ V. S. L.]