Washington, George, 1732-1799. The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources
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GENERAL INDEX: A

  •    A


  •    Abatis, cutting as offense, 6. 127.


  •    Abbatt, William, Crisis of the Revolution , 20. 85 n .


  •    Abbeville County, S. C., excise survey, 31. 237.


  •    Abbot, Ensign Josiah, court-martial, 25. 43, 44; service, 43 n .


  •    Abeel. Col . James, court of inquiry, 16. 288; winter cantonment. 17. 167; quarters. 18. 283, 423; office. 283 n wagoners, 19. 401.


  •    Abel, John, court-martial, 25. 368.


  •    Abercromby, Gen . James, letter to, 1. 387 n ; command, 2. 210 n .


  •    Abercromby, Lieut. Col . Robert, cartel negotiations, 24. 22.


  •    Abingdon, Willoughby Bertie, earl of, prisoners of war, 8, 133 n .


  •    Abingdon. Va., Custis estate, 11. 457, 12. 266, 27. 60.


  •    Abnaki Indians, subsistence, use, 17. 68, 82, 83.


  •    Aborn, -- , of Rhode Island, vessel restored, 4. 150.


  •    Aborn (Osborn), Capt . -- , parole, 24. 315, 320 n .


  •    Aboville, François Marie, comte d, Yorktown siege, Washingtons appreciation, 23. 246.


  •    Abram, Bassett servant, 3. 181.


  •    Absence without leave, straggling in French war. 1. 485; inquiries, 3. 312, 8. 40; officers, punishment, 3. 319, 382, 441, 449, 490, 4. 2, 136, 342, 5. 81, 196, 212, 6. 119, 124, 145, 151. 154. 7. 180 n , 215, 323. 338, 429, 443, 483, 8. 23, 59. 113, 114, 211, 9. 30, 63, 90, 191, 379, 404, 10. 88, 214. 281 n , 284, 434, 11. 19, 21, 48, 52, 82, 115. 244, 367, 464, 12. 24, 92, 191, 257. 312, 13. 73, 14. 179, 15. 276, 16. 148, 449. 17. 86, 174, 262, 265. 18. 142 -- 144, 261, 19. 264. 465, 466, 20. 319, 320, 460, 21. 454. 22. 124, 443. 485, 24. 214 n , 216, 217, 478, 490; rank and file, trials, 3. 367. 406. 408, 5. 24, 81. 84, 314, 462. 8. 361, 401, 15. 72, 17. 345, 26. 440; straggling, rambling. prevention, collection, 4. 87, 178, 5. 100, 6. 16, 41, 71, 89. 90. 178, 227, 233, 234, 252, 478, 482, 7. 391, 483, 8. 154, 155, 226, 413, 466, 9. 2 n . 28. 168, 171, 190, 243, 10, 139, 149, 151, 172, 181, 220, 260, 268, 407, 11. 18, 85, 317, 486, 15. 100. 18. 73, 502 -- 504, 20. 303, 309, 22. 269, 25. 120, 225, 242, 243, 344, 354, 368; warnings. newspapers, 4. 230, 242, 5. 212, 6. 145, 7. 365, 372 n , 11. 226, 481. 487, 12. 81; from guards, parade, and patrol, officers, 4. 515, 5. 196, 212, 8. 201, 10. 163, 11. 431 -- 433. 12. 312, 14. 179, 180, 18. 261; as cowardice, 5. 436; requisitions for return, 6. 145; straggling in march and field, summary punishment, 237, 9. 125 -- 127. 129. 12. 93, 111, 198, 18. 502 -- 504, 19. 337, 348; passing outer guards, 7. 25, 12. 338; convalescents, 7. 417, 19. 264; officers delay in coming to camp, 8. 70, 71 n , 73, 84, 170, 197, 281, 431; paymasters, 256; straggling after battle. 9. 36, 209, 212, 217, 218, 235, 244, 298, 12. 147; rejoined missing after battle, 9. 313, 343; returns, 343, 11. 226, 17. 332; breaking arrest, 10. 191, 11. 387, 12, 22, 15. 359, 18. 142, 19. 373, 21. 354, 355, 24. 335; rolls to prevent, 10, 191; and depredations, 207; visiting quarters, 207; regulations on officers, 240; stragglers on hospital staff, 260, 11. 207; after galley service, 10. 266; and extra pay, 287; staff officials, 11. 49, 261, 12. 288, 19. 138; unjustifiable trial, 11. 83; recruits straggling, 113, 120; soldiers as officers servants, 226, 399, 412, 18. 5; exceeded furloughs, 11. 226, 481, 487, 12. 81, 16. 109, 18. 63, 20. 319, 320, 24. 171, 25. 156, 204, 260, 452; officer encouraging, 11, 442; malicious charge, 12. 48; from special duty, 73; at Philadelphia (1778), 236, 301; officer at alarm, 272; straggling defined, 13. 70; Washingtons relative, censure, 14. 105, 106; recalling officers 15. 276, 355; reform, 17. 426, 427; winter prevalence, 472; irregular passes, 19. 397; officer abroad, 25. 254. See also Desertion; Discharges; Furloughs; Passes.


  •    Abuse and insult, officers of officers, 3. 358, 4. 89, 108, 180, 362, 5. 17 n . 42, 55, 90, 94. 110, 141, 6. 131, 8. 268, 286, 400, 9. 359, 403, 472, 10. 298, 11. 19, 201, 233. 377, 432, 12. 23, 40, 172, 272, 353, 374, 375, 15. 359, 17. 144, 341, 459, 18. 144, 341. 19. 4, 5, 372, 373, 22. 482, 23. 64, 24. 478, 25. 43, 26. 49, 173, 367; of commander in chief, 6. 36, 178, 8. 209. 12. 353, 393; soldiers of officers, 8. 201, 286, 287, 361, 11. 426, 13. 60, 15. 348, 360, 26. 110, 439; officer of wagonmaster, 8. 245; officers and soldiers of civilians, 10. 122, 11. 280, 12. 114, 115, 13. 81, 82, 15. 104, 16, 316, 385, 458, 23. 13; vexatious arrest of officer, 11. 233; staff officer of soldier, 254; officers of noncommissioned officers, 272; officers of general officer. defense, 12. 394 -- 396, 410. 525; staff officer of superior, 21. 215. See also Assault; Civil power.


  •    Acadians, and Congress. 4. 437, 457.


  •    Accokeek Run, Va., Washington land, 30. 400 n , 32, 438, 33. 372, 35. 99.


  •    Accomac County, Va., excise survey. 31. 239 n .


  •    Accounts, claims, and warrants, French war : commissary, 1. 169, 263, 266, 283, 285, 523, 2. 3; general regimental, adjustment, 1. 248, 288, 424 -- 427, 434, 530, 2. 34, 142, 163; frontier posts, 1. 259, 260, 2. 3, 101, 104, 105, 110; pay, 1. 262, 265, 281. 285, 377 -- 379, 383, 390, 425, 498; recruiting, 261, 263, 266, 275, 276, 284, 318, 353, 358, 364, 367, 377, 380. 390, 404, 2. 101, 105, 108; company, 1. 277, 2. 54; Washingtons northern trip, 1. 298, 299; advantages of short, 434; legislative committee. 2. 34; Indian supplies, 41, 59, 90, 91, 116, 123, 128, 149. 150, 158; special, settlement, 86, 87; contingent, 110, 122, 163, 187; balance of Washingtons. 317 n .


  •    Revolutionary military : clothing, blankets, 3. 415, 445, 446, 4. 491, 14. 232 -- 234, 18. 249, 22. 63; Thompsons (1775), 4. 23; pay abstracts, rolls, inattention, irregularities (1776), 170, 277, 285, 306, 344, 388, 477, 491, 5. 106, 177. 218, 284, 341. 6. 37, 43, 240 n , 253, 453, 459, 465, 37. 518; (1777), 7. 311, 367, 465, 8. 93, 129, 283, 291, 304, 9. 27, 434; (1778), 10. 106, 239, 261, 284, 361, 462, 11. 454, 12. 221, 325, 13. 38: (1779), 16. 308, 17. 107, 357; (1780), 19. 415; (1781), 21. 388, 23, 14 n ; (1782), 24. 160, 161, 25. 8; (1783), 26. 132, 156; riflemen, 4. 176; quartermaster department. 193, 7, 304, 12. 491, 20. 64; state, adjustment, 4. 309, 311, 471, 5. 4, 6. 181, 182, 7. 383, 390, 10. 73, 14. 44, 52, 73. 15. 290, 24. 79, 26. 318, 319, 27. 449, 30. 312, 417, 418. 418 n 454, 31. 73 n , 94. 95. 414, 32. 82. 103, 508, 509, 33. 168; Washingtons fleet, 4. 490; military stores, 471, 491, 5. 26, 6. 205, 7. 16, 383, 390, 14. 446; lake ships (1776), 4. 511; Schuylers (1776). 5. 8; paymaster department, 13, 7. 315, 8. 46, 11. 49, 14. 212, 16. 221; regulations. 5. 13, 7. 438 n , 14. 130 -- 132, 20. 249, 21. 481; recruiting, 5. 14, 11. 232, 463, 16. 354, 382, 17. 311, 20. 339; hospital, 5. 25; Blacks (1776), 147; Canadian expedition, 174; expense certificate, 180; militia, 225, 6. 182, 13. 287, 320, 326 n , 375; list of Washingtons warrants (1776), 6. 149; prisoners of war, specie, Convention troops, cartels, 181, 182, 7. 231, 242, 316, 10. 445, 11. 38, 40, 45 n , 216, 217, 218 n , 426 n , 12. 17, 13. 259, 260, 313, 16. 188, 17. 408 -- 411, 417, 18. 272 n , 20. 376, 377, 443, 444, 448, 21. 72, 22. 476, 23. 373, 440, 441 n , 464, 467, 24. 10, 12 n , 54 -- 56, 393, 25. 33, 36, 38, 108, 111, 146, 192, 196, 221, 231, 296 n , 26, 165. 178. 30. 478, 479; Bayleys, 6. 212, 25. 216, 27. 44; general officers authority, 6. 291. 299; artillery establishments and artificers, 7. 19, 22, 332, 441; execution of warrants, 165; Arnolds (1777), 8. 48; regimental claims. 304; Washingtons private, 9. 65; horses, 94; officers private, losses, 10. 503, 11. 338, 348 n ; general officers travel, 430; headquarters, journeys, 12. 93 n , 98 n , 105 n , 117 n , 164 n , 191 n -- 193 n , 481 n , 500 n , 13. facing 268, 19. 54 n , 74 n , 76 n , 89 n , 278 n , 346 n , 20. 66 n , 21. 328 n , 22. 100 n , 23. 107 n , 24. 462. 463, 25. 347 n , 27. 71 n , 28. 252, 253; officers. expenses, on resignation. 12. 112, 231. 322, 13. 271, 14. 356 n , 413, 15. 254, 16. 2, 32, 120, 231, 307, 354, 17. 171, 320, 18. 324, 395, 19. 476, 20. 22, 360, 22. 192, 346, 23. 201, 218, 24. 7, 371, 25. 495, 26. 24; reconnoitering, 12. 459 n ; civil accounts, damage to property, 13. 174 n , 386, 16. 323, 23. 331, 26. 205 n ; supernumerary pay, 14. 223; reenlistment bounty, 15. 290; general collection and arrangement, 457; uniformity, new method, 16. 22, 45, 205, 218; on transfer 32, 120; intelligence, 85, 86 n , 20 276, 23. 424, 27. 148, 149; commissioners, 16. 323 n , 25. 216; Powles Hook reward (1779), 16. 431; hide vouchers, 17. 218; and depreciated paper money, 260; power to grant warrants, 357; impressment, 18. 207, 19. 158, 305, 306 n , 23. 331; forage, 18. 395, 447, 19. 158, 305, 306 n , 24. 482, 484, 26. 12, 14, 37; French army, 18. 419, 23. 469; Trumbull commissary, 19. 8 n ; validity of supply certificates, 20. 51; staff certificates, 51; reduced regiment, 339; express, 445; Board of war warrants, 21. 111; cattle, 174; officers warrants, 23. 469; contingent warrants, 24. 157, 158, 198; issue of pay and ration warrants, 160, 161; adjustment protest, 371; prisoners of war debts, 393; apprehending deserters, 447; apothecary, 479, 480; provisions contracts, 25. 377, 393. 26. 166, 189; cannon for Rochambeau, 25. 453; commander in chiefs, revision, 26. 23, 172 n , 194, 244, 27. 98, 99, 178, 238, 292, 333 -- 336, 382, 383; liquidation of army, demand, compliance, and furloughs and discharges, funds, partial payment, 26. 215, 217, 221, 222, 227, 233, 269, 273, 275, 281, 285 -- 289, 292 -- 296, 302, 309, 314, 324, 466, 467, 469, 472 -- 475, 27. 33, 47, 54; justice, 28. 173; Neufvilles, 259. 35. 372; Washingtons flour, 28. 429, 491; postbellum payments in warrants, interest, depreciation, 29. 5, 430, 460, 461; warrants and taxes, 469; president and wax claims, 31. 19 n ; Blands, 79, 96 -- 98. See also Auditors; Finances; Pay.


  •    Public civil : Maryland land warrants, 30. 234, 253; War Department advances. 391, 394, 395 n ; French claim, 31. 388; funding foreign debts, 508; federal district, 32. 372, 33. 47, 74, 75, 85; Frauncess, 35 n , 174; express, 138; presidential, 391, 392, 36. 85, 37. 577; public loan warrants, 34. 152 n. See also Finances; Public debt.


  •    Private : antebellum English, unfavorable balance, interest, 2. 162, 168, 170. 326, 346, 348, 362, 397, 406, 414 -- 418, 436, 438, 440, 465, 466, 515, 3. 74, 165, 37. 499 -- 501, 509, 510; Custis, 2. 322, 325, 328, 362, 363, 392, 393, 412, 414 -- 416, 418 -- 420, 432, 434, 461, 483, 485, 490, 495, 513 -- 515, 4. 139, 216 -- 218, 7. 54 n . 23. 444, 32. 148; periodical settlement. 2. 322, 329, 486, 495; problems, 343, 344; Lady Day, 420 n , charges, 3. 4; Virginia, settlement, 103, 134; Dismal Swamp, 103 n ; Norfolk, 143; Bouchers, 147, 148; frontier land preparations, 201; wartime, supplies, 19. 253, 25. 165, 26. 126, 127, 27. 20, 21, 25. 68, 101, 151, 154, 428; frontier flour mill, 329, 330; Cincinnati meeting, 405, 406; postbellum condition, confusion, 28. 16, 84, 248 -- 250, 403, 527; Fairfax, 84, 472 -- 476; 37. 502; refusal to pay, 28. 154, 165, 166; postbellum British, 29. 65, 31. 16 n , 92, 173, 300 n , 341, 368; settlement, 30. 18; Mount Vernon, overseers, observations, 32. 280, 347. 33. 41 n , 206, 232, 233, 267, 334, 34. 101, 379, 35. 257, 376, 36. 110, 111, 151 -- 155, 254, 257, 258, 37. 463; Lears accounts, 32. 403 n , 36. 299 -- 301, 316; mill at Mount Vernon, 32. 479, 34. 192; fishery, 33. 337; quarry, 427; advice, 35. 363; irregular payment, 36. 294. See also Bills of credit; Debts; Estates; Finances.


  •    Accouterments. See Equipments.


  •    Ackerman, Abraham,* Springer case, 16. 19, 443.


  •    Ackerman, Oronimus, release, 5. 377.


  •    Ackesley, Nathaniel, rustler, spy, 19. 474 n , 20. 253.


  •    Acquackanonck, N. J., troops at, 8. 119, 120, 9. 66 n ; winter cantonment, 17. 169. 185; route by, 19. 401; impressment of transportation, 429.


  •    Acquackanonck Bridge, magazine, 6. 293; letter from, 301; force at, 13. 5; route by, 295, 366; winter post, 345 n .


  •    Acquackanonck Ferry, Washington at, 27. 113 n .


  •    Acts of trade, British, seizure for evasion, 3. 65; postbellum enforcement against United States, 28. 161, 184, 207, 229, 235, 250, 316, 339, 501.


  •    Adair, James M.,* favor 33. 81.


  •    Adair, Corp . John, court-martial, reduced, 9. 167.


  •    Adam, John*, deputy commissary of prisoners of war, duties, 14. 105, 122, 16. 74, 18. 345 n ; relief of prisoner officer, 345; intercourse with enemy, 20. 188; letter for, 466; arrest, charges, court-martial, 22. 73, 74, 76, 213, 423, 424; extra allowance, 26. 165.


  •    Adam, Robert*, wheat contract, controversy, 2. 422, 444 -- 453, 455, 499; in England Washingtons commission, 3. 72, 74 -- 77, 89; claim against, 103; West Indies trade, 105, 213, 256; Washingtons dealings. 167, 432; Fairfax accounts, 223, 28. 476; mortgages, 5. 30; law affairs, 26. 19, 81, 82.


  •    Adam, Dow & McIver, land affair, 25. 361 -- 364, 452, 458, 470, 26. 19, 81, 82, 28. 61.


  •    Adamant , H. M. S., at New York, 20. 347.


  •    Adams, -- , iron works account, 28. 476.


  •    Adams, Abigail, marriage 29. 487 n .


  •    Adams, Abigail (Smith), letters to, 7. 100 n , 8. 47 n ; optimism, 31. 241 n , illness, 36. 501.


  •    Adams, Asa, court-martial, 13, 135, 136.


  •    Adams, Capt . Daniel, prizes, 4. 76, 132, 196; armed vessel, 120.


  •    Adams, Daniel Jenifer,* debt, consignment, diversion, proceedings against, 3. 98, 99, 105 -- 107, 112, 115, 116, 136, 137, 147, 167, 169, 204, 212 -- 214, 273 -- 275, 12. 328, 30. 235, 37. 298; sketch, 3. 105 n , 13. 101 n ; major, rank dispute, 101.


  •    Adams, Francis, enlisted servant, 2. 105.


  •    Adams, Lieut . Francis, quartermaster. theft from, 9. 360; court-martial, cashiered, 11. 454.


  •    Adams, Gabriel, land, 3. 250, 253.


  •    Adams, John,* Washingtons appointment and commission, 3. 293 n ; intercepted letters, 398 n ; on equality and discipline, letter, 508 n , 6. 107 n ; letters to, 4. 23 n , 192 n , 483 n , 6. 107 n ; on provincialism in Congress, 4. 165 n ; committees in Congress, 174 n , 489 n , 504 n , 5. 57 n , 87 n , 507 n , 7. 61 n , 9. 83 n ; invitation to headquarters, 4. 220; and Canadian crisis, 255, 259; on Caughnawagas in camp, 274 n ; on short enlistments, 318 n ; carries letter, 296; en Drummond affair, 331 n ; on reconciliation, letter, 428 n , 7. 148 n ; on Boston command, letter, 5. 37 n ; Board of War, 128 n ; on Sullivan and Howes proposal, 507 n ; on incapable officers, letter, 7. 100 n ; on Arnold, letter, 11. 47 n ; Du Coudray incident, letter, 160 n ; to France, 16. 493; on Spanish attitude, 18. 242 n ; on peace prospects, 298 n ; Landais, 19. 443 n ; Washingtons compliments, 20. 508; Vergennes correspondence on paper money, 21. 13, 13 n ; news from, 298; Yorktown news, 23. 253, 297; countersign honoring, 262; peace negotiations, 25. 265, 268; cessation of hostilities, 26. 269 n ; British court, 28. 243, 289, 486; marriage of daughter, 29. 487 n ; political letters to Calkoen, 30. 125; vice-presidential candidacy, Washingtons comment, 174, 190, 219; on presidential line of conduct, 321 n ; ceremony, 362 n ; titles, 363 n ; Anglo-Spanish Nootka Sound incident, 31. 102 n , 103 n ; board on public debt, 104; Fitch, 104; special sessions of Senate, summons, 226 n , 34. 131; reported pessimism, 31. 241; and southern tour, 273; revenue cutter officer, 32. 107; Copley, 260; reelection, 310 n ; Genet, 33. 234; nonintercourse, 356; Sinclair, 440; Geneva University proposal, 34. 23, 148, 149; office, 168; Jay Treaty, 279; presidential candidacy, 35. 49 n ; on presidential dinners for Indians, letter, 302 n ; promotion of son, 394, 476; presidential mansion, 428, 441, 37. 578; call of special session, 35. 446; Washington and policy, 471, 476, 488, Washingtons command of army, commission, letter, 36. front ., 311 -- 315, 312 n , 326 n , 327 -- 329; autograph, front .; Coxe, 145 n ; public buildings in federal district, 190; Mount Vernon, 291, 292; public support, 292, 312 n , 328; major generals, rank letters, 324 n , 330, 426 n , 432, 441 n , 442, 447 -- 449, 448 n . 453 -- 464, 462 n , 463 n 475 -- 477, 500, 502. 503, 503 n , 37. 246; Washingtons relations. 36. 479; illness, 501; appointment of Bushrod Washington, 519 n ; son-in-laws character, 37. 32; congressional replies, 72; Barlows proposals, letter, 119, 120, 120 n , 143; Washingtons ignorance of war policy, 157 -- 159, 209; delay in recruiting, 190, 190 n , 192 n ; selection of officers, 204; absence criticized, 314, 328; Auroras charges against administration, 323, 326, 328, 329. See also French crisis; Peace.


  •    Adams, John Quincy,* return, bears letter, Washingtons hounds, 28. 233, 242; Dutch loan, 33. 398; Dutch mission, 410, 34. 165, 242, 279; Jay Treaty, exchange of ratifications, letter, 293 n ; dispatches, 306; Alte sword for Washington, 35. 207 -- 209, 476; instructions, 388; promotion, 394. 476; on Farewell Address, 476; James Washington, 37. 97 -- 99.


  •    Adams, Jonas. complaint against Armand, 15. 337 n . 378, 16. 56, 208.


  •    Adams. Joseph, Charlestown selectman. letter to, 34. 297 n .


  •    Adams, Josiah. paymaster, 6. 90.


  •    Adams, Josias. estate, 3. 105 n . 273 -- 275.


  •    Adams, Maj . ( Lieut. Col .) Peter,* officers abuse, 9. 403, service, 403 n . 14. 370 n . 15. 34 n , 23. 264 n ; clothing collection, 10. 14, 17, 18; at court-martial, 12. 48. 14. 376, 426; at court of inquiry. 99, 107; forage impressment. 370; hospital superintendent, 16. 205; promotion, 17. 223; officer of the day, 23. 171, 176, 264, 315; relief. 175; trench materials, 205. See also Maryland regiments: First; Third.


  •    Adams, Randolph G., advisory committee. 1. ix.


  •    Adams. Robert, shipmaster, captured. 4. 156.


  •    Adams. Capt . Robert, company, 5. 38.


  •    Adams. Robert.* of Ireland. thanks to, 30. 220 n .


  •    Adams, Samuel,* letters: on appointment of officers, 3. 457 n ; on independent; companies. 4. 192 n ; on enlistments. 6. 107 n : -- committees in Congress, 3. 513 n . 12. 28 n . 13. 41 n , 244 n , 388 n . 393 n , 14. 500 n , 19. 236 n , 413 n , 20. 106 n , 21. 2 n ; letter to, 4. 247 n ; Temple. 13. 309 n ; cannon. 14. 461 n ; militia requisition, 19. 79; Sullivan. 21. 183 n ; recording secretary for Washington, 412 n ; Penobscot, 26. 154; northeastern boundary, 268; Washington at Boston, 30. 452 n .


  •    Adams. Dr . Samuel, surgeon. 20. 218.


  •    Adams. Sir Thomas, Belvoir. 3. 17.


  •    Adams. Lieut . William. of Connecticut. paymaster, 6. 26, 13. 118; service, 118 n ; court-martial, cashiered, 21. 454.


  •    Adams. Lieut . William, of Maryland. commission, rank. 15. 166, 184; service, 166 n .


  •    Adams. William, of Virginia, impressed lumber, 25. 289.


  •    Adams, William, storekeeper, court-martial. 17. 445. 455.


  •    Addams, Ezekiel, petition for support, 24. 38.


  •    Addison. Judge Alexander,* Washingtons Pennsylvania land, 35. 131 -- 133, 36. 370 -- 372. 37. 146, 315. 439; pamphlet and oration, 36. 280; grand jury charge, 37. 27. 76, 80. 145.


  •    Addison, Rev . Henry.* pass, 20. 422.


  •    Addison. John. Washingtons affairs. 2. 349, 3. 21.


  •    Addison, Joseph. reference to Cato . 2. 293.


  •    Additional Continental and nonstate regiments, need, 6. 379, 380, 403, 433; authorized, 456 n raising, instructions, officers, difficulties, 491, 493 -- 496, 498. 499, 505, 506, 7. 33, 34, 80. 86, 88. 91, 93. 114 n 120, 132, 133, 295, 296. 307, 361. 362, 369. 374, 8. 111, 134, 306, 426, 430, 440; and extra state bounty, 7 120, 133, 138, 166, 229, 322, 419; Washington and appointment of officers, 134 -- 136; special appeals to Massachusetts, 136 -- 139, 467 -- 469; equipment, 139. 209, 11. 51, 205; recruiting money. 7. 140; partial list of officers, 419; avoiding supernumerary officers, 8. 242; Sheppards, proposed, 242; Cornells, dropped, 9. 194; diverted companies, 353, 364; reduction, 10. 373, 11. 126, 145, 328, 12. 10; neglected, 405; reenlistment for war, 14. 136; consolidation, new arrangement, 176, 180, 181, 250, 263, 322, 348, 349, 354, 356, 356 n , 357, 364, 390. 401, 426, 463, 464, 479, 483, 15. 126, 459 -- 461, 16. 113, 310, 357; in state quotas and lines, 14. 263, 275, 289 n , 333, 356, 15. 1, 21, 40. 126, 157, 158, 188, 249, 296, 330, 18. 14 -- 17, 21, 24, 27, 39, 53, 54, 75, 101, 102, 207, 20. 53, 23. 380; uncertain status, 14. 428, 16. 3; distress, provision for officers, clothing to officers, 15. 458, 464, 17. 310, 435, 18. 203, 207; Spotswoods proposed corps, 16. 309, 310; in reduction of army, 17. 434, 20. 254, 278, 280, 475 n ; 21. 85, 200, 250, 335; McLanes proposed corps, 17. 471; state benefits, 18. 19, 20. 60, 61; inspection, 18. 77; question of filling (1780), 187, 203; brigaded, 190; remaining force (1780), 418; pay arrears, difficulties, 19. 503 -- 505; double state credit, 21. 199; promotion in, 275, 403. See also Artificers; Artillery; Canadian regiments; Cavalry; Forman, David; German Battalion; Gist, Nathaniel; Grayson. William; Hartley, Thomas; Henley, David; Jackson, Henry; Invalid corps; Lee, William Raymond; Malcom, William; Patton, John; Provost; Rangers; Rifle corps; Sherburne, Henry; Smith, William Stephens; Spencer, Oliver; Thruston, Charles Mynn; Warner, Seth; Webb, Samuel Blatchley.


  •    Addresses and replies, wartime : New York Provincial Congress, 3. 305, 5. 114 n ; Massachusetts Congress, 3. 307; evacuation of Boston, 4. 399, 421, 440, 39. front ; to army: arrival of British before New York, 5. 211; independence, 245; before and after Long Island, 407, 424, 425, 436, 469, 479, 502, 504; Harlem Heights, 6. 145; Westchester, 203; depredations, 9. 178; before and after Brandywine, 181, 211; Germantown, 305, 312; Bemis Heights as example, 377; surrender of Burgoyne, 390; New Jersey militia, 10. 89; results of campaign (1777), 167; to inhabitants for cattle, 480, 482; Valley Forge, 11. 8 -- 10; inhabitants of Virginia, 154; responsibility, of officers. 231; French alliance, 354 -- 356; after Monmouth, 12. 130; French army 20. 220; Southern campaign, 258 21. 223, 224, 22. 215, 216, 23. 178, 26. 61; before Yorktown, 23. 154, 223. 245 -- 247; praise, 24. 423, 459, 25. 292, 293, 26. 111, 142; peace, 268, 334 -- 337; final orders, 27. 222 -- 227; -- Delaware Indians. 15. 53, 78; churches 210, 24. 389, 390; Newport (1781), 21. 331; Providence, 337; Baltimore, 23. 107; after Yorktown, 355. 357, 358. 363, 394, 412, 435, 484. 485; Congress (1782), 24. 83; birth of dauphin, La Luzernes reply, 313. 314. 362; Albany. 388; Schenectady, 390; Kingston, 25. 345; Hurley. 346. See also Circular letters; Newburgh Addresses.


  •    Peace : Tryon County magistrates, 27. 73; Albany, 78; Massachusetts General Court, 93; Elizabethtown, 113; Princeton and College, 115; before Congress, reply, 116, 116 n ; Somerset County militia, 234; Hackensack. 239; Bergen County militia, 240; New York City, returned citizens, 249, 250; Marine Society of New York, 251; Kings County, 252; Irish immigrants, 253; New Brunswick, 259; New Jersey Legislature, 260; Philadelphia merchants, 262; Pennsylvania Council, 263; Pennsylvania General Assembly, 264; Philadelphia militia, 266; Philadelphia magistrates, 267; University of Pennsylvania, 267; Philadelphia learned professions, 268; American Philosophical Society, 269; Wilmington, 276; Baltimore, 277; Annapolis, 281; Maryland General Assembly, 281; Maryland Council, 282; surrender of commission, 284; Alexandria, 288; Fredericksburg, 332; South Carolina Assembly, 407; Virginia General Assembly, 419, 445, 495; Richmond, 495; freedom of City of New York, 28. 126.


  •    Presidential election : progress, 30. 286 -- 288, 289 n , 317 n ; towns and cities, 286, 287, 289 n , 317 n ; societies, 289 n ; state authorities, 289 n , 347 n , 354 n , 369 n , 395 n , 476 n , 481 n ; colleges. 289 n , 349 n , 391 n , 508 n ; Cincinnati, 289 n , 403 n , 486 n ; churches, 289 n , 321 n , 336 n , 339 n , 347 n , 354 n , 383 n , 416 n , 432 n , 453 n .


  •    During and after presidency : congressional 30. 310 n , 31. 169, 172 n , 404 n , 406, 32. 214 n , 221 n , 33. 169 n , 34. 37 n . 393 n , 35. 320 n ; Indians, 30. 436 n , 31. 179, 184, 35. 193, 299; New England tour, 30. 453 n ; localities, 31. 12 n , 93 n , 94 n , 134 n , 279 n , 282 n , 285 n , 288 n , 290 n , 291 n , 309 n , 32. 489, 33. 3, 19, 40, 47, 48, 54, 58 -- 60, 71, 81, 82, 84, 85, 88 -- 94, 96, 101, 114, 136, 153, 155, 195, 286 n , 518, 519, 34. 252, 268, 280, 282, 292, 297, 301, 303, 320, 333, 380 n , 393 n , 395, 35. 35. 242, 243, 293, 397 n , 401 n , 422, 422 n , 36. 429; churches, 31. 16 n , 22 n , 73 n , 93 n , 185, 288 n , 291 n , 32. 314, 315, 35. 410, 416; state authorities, 31. 39 n , 67 n , 94 n , 101 n , 288 n , 35. 289, 333, 343, 365, 373, 382, 392, 397, 431 n ; Cincinnati, 41. 41 n , 288 n , 35. 397 n , 421 n ; Jews, 31. 42 n , 93 n , 185; mechanics, 31. 49 n , 32. 490; Rhode Island tour, 31. 93 n , 94 n ; Masonic, 93 n , 283 n , 285 n , 288 n , 309 n , 32. 291 n , 35. 426, 439, 37. 13; academic, 31. 94 n , 250 n , 36. 283; southern tour, 31. 279 n , 282 n , 283 n , 285 n . 288 n , 290 n , 291 n ; merchants. 285 n , 32. 460, 477; Grenada negroes, 31. 295; Pennsylvania tour (1791), 309 n ; on neutrality, 32. 460, 477, 489, 490, 33. 3, 19, 40, 43, 47, 48, 54, 58 -- 60, 68, 70 -- 72, 79 -- 82, 84 -- 86, 88 -- 94, 96, 101, 114 -- 116, 136. 153 -- 156, 195, 286 n ; on birthday, 283; militia, 283, 35. 243, 397 n , 36. 428, 517; on Whiskey Insurrection, 33. 518 -- 520, on Jay Treaty. 34. 252, 268, 280, 282, 292, 297, 301, 303, 320, 333, 380 n , 393 n . 395, 35. 35; on retirement, 242 -- 244, 289, 293. 320 n , 333, 343 -- 345, 349, 350 n , 365; 373, 382, 392, 397, 397 n , 401 n , 410, 416, 421 n , 422, 422 n . 424 n , 426, 431 n , 439; on French crisis, 36. 428 -- 430, 517, 37. 13. See also Messages; Proclamations.


  •    Adet. Pierre Auguste,* Jay Treaty. 34. 225 n , 245, 245 n , 246 n , 250, 250 n , 258, 36 -- 221, 222; Randolph-Fauchet affair, 34. 275; young Lafayette, 346, 376; French colors, Washingtons reply, 413, 417, 418; peace treaties and Directory, 506; spoliations, 35. 106, 122, 128, 150, 154; Mount Vernon, 110, 111, 133, 134; conduct, letter on Franco-American relations, 251 -- 253, 255, 256, 273 n 288, 289, 357 -- 359; XYZ mission, 36. 108;


  •    Adjournment, bill in Presidents hands, 31. 224 n .


  •    Adjutant general, pay, 4. 198, 7. 336, 25. 49, 475; countersign regulations, 5. 207; deputies, pay, departmental. West Point, 6. 24, 42, 232, 8. 300, 301, 339, 9. 168, 12, 73, 14, 482, 502, 20, 10, 21. 244, 456, 22. 27, 385, 23. 19, 168, 24, 494; Reeds resignation, 6. 106 n , 7. 5 n 190; acting, 5, 190, 218, 374 n , 375, 382, 8. 141, 264, 15. 293, 17. 320, 18. 249, 23. 264, 301; Morriss qualifications, 7. 67, 8. 166; Gates and resumption, 7. 231, 238, 267, 471; Pickering, 336, 470, 8. 114 -- 116. 264; offer to Lee, 7. 337, 470; papers, 8. 10; and brigade majors, 142, 10. 320; orderlies, 8. 142, 10. 425, 22. 287; and requisition of arms, 9. 19; and courts-martial, 90; Conway and appointment, 389 n , 390 n , 37. 542; candidates (1777), 10. 80, 184, 245. 252, 37. 542; Scammell, 10. 297; assistant, 306, 12. 16, 26. 35, 306; line rank, 12. 33; union with inspector general, 14. 362, 486; subinspector of detached division as, 15. 130; as assistant inspector general, 381; clothing issue to, 459; communication of general orders, 18. 103, 146; fatigue parties. 260; insignia, 19. 172; guard. 279; inspectors as wing deputies, 337; Scammells resignation, successor, Hamilton, rank, 20. 419, 470; Hands appointment, 21. 131, 354; inspection of detachment, 228, 232; thanks to Scammell, 354; daily orders, 22. 381. 24. 446; new regulations for department (1782), 47, 192, 25. 25, 48, 49, 475, 476; state. in peace militia, 26. 392; Waynes force (1792), 32. 105, 124, 140, 152, 152 n , 160; required character (1798), 36. 309; appointment (1798), 331, 356 n , 375, 403, 410, 426 n , 433, 442, 454. 456, 462. 463 n , 501. See also Gates. Horatio; Hand, Edward; Pickering, Timothy; Reed, Joseph; Scammell, Alexander.


  •    Adjutants, necessity of regimental (1755), appointment, 1. 79, 98, 100, 251, 2. 55, 92; and password (1775), 4. 20; guard mounting, 5. 71, 11. 228, 229; remiss, warnings. 5. 345, 498, 6. 17, 25, 41, 7. 140; appointments, 6. 26, 103, 12. 338, 360, 388, 13. 4, 107, 246, 252, 460, 14. 50, 311, 367, 15. 17, 154, 16. 134, 262, 271, 416, 18. 250, 316, 378, 19. 110, 424, 479, 20. 13, 31, 261, 283, 21. 110, 22. 336, 462, 23. 6, 26. 238; duties. headquarters orders. 6. 65, 172; pay, allowance. clothing, 7. 426, 12. 325, 13. 420, 15. 459, 21. 204, 212; court-martial, cashiered, 10. 169, 12. 40, 415; establishment, 33, 35, 332; line rank, 13. 420; method of choosing, 16. 91; at orderly office, 19. 142; insignia, 172; temporary appointment, 25. 48; Waynes force (1792), 32. 160. See also Brigade majors; District adjutants.


  •    Administration. See Governors; Presidency.


  •    Admiralty, See Privateers; Prizes.


  •    Admission of British subjects (1783), 26. 2, 10, 365. See also Domicile.


  •    Admission of states, Kentucky, 28. 279, 328, 31, 165, 242; Vermont, 29. 192, 31. 212, 228, 242; Tennessee, 35. 18, 19.


  •    Adriana , 36. 322.


  •    Adriance, Mrs . -- , pass, 24. 233 n .


  •    Advanced line in New Jersey (1779 -- 80), patrol, horse and foot, militia, guarding communications, 17. 210, 301, 470, 475, 18. 107, 268, 284, 288, 474; detachment, changes, 17. 250, 251, 256, 321, 456, 477, 479, 18. 280, 345, 355, 355 n , 366; Lees and Armands corps, 17. 305, 330; dispersal of light corps, 329, 330; British surprises, 449, 455, 456, 471, 497, 18. 271; quarters, position, works, 17. 461, 18. 117, 130, 373, 385, 388, 440, 461, 462, 474; vigilance, and British activity, 6, 7, 40, 106 -- 108, 147, 148, 267, 326, 327, 365, 366; command, 60, 205, 206; guard boats, 130; clothing, 279; visit by Washington and La Luzerne, 287; and celebration at main camp, 293; resistance of British advance, general orders on conduct, 487, 488, 490, 491, 493, 495, 508, 19. 50 -- 52, 54, 57, 58, 64, 66, 70, 73, 93, 97. See also Powles Hook; Sandy Hook; Staten Island; Trade with the enemy.


  •    Advanced lines. See adjacent titles; Light corps; Neutral Ground; Patrol; Scammell, Alexander; Winter quarters.


  •    Advanced post before New York City (1778), force, position, 12. 475, 480, 482, 492, 523, 529, 13. 63; intelligence, vigilance, 12. 475, 13. 47, 67; cavalry, 12. 490; protection of farms, 13. 96 n ; scout on British retirement, 109; command, duties, 281, 282, 294; winter withdrawal, saving supplies, 329, 346. See also Henley, David; Scott, Charles.


  •    Advertisements. See Newspapers.


  •    Advice and admonitions, worthless artisan, 2. 388, 389; John Custis, love affair, 3. 35, 36, 40, 129 -- 131, 134, 167; land agents, dereliction, 203, 29. 143, 144, 31. 393, 32. 22; misconduct of nephews, 26. 39, 40, 29. 101, 492, 30. 37, 37. 174; brothers debts, 26. 41; matrimonial, 27. 157, 28. 15, 152, 514; new legislator, 29. 313; public use of private letter, 380, 387, 390, 404; nephews education, 492, 31. 162 -- 164; nephew approaching manhood, 30. 245 -- 249; duty of employees, 262 -- 266; unsealed letters, 338, 339, 345, 346; niece approaching womanhood; 31. 407 -- 409; Morriss conduct abroad, 467 -- 470; manager of Mount Vernon, 32. 184, 241, 247, 262, 330, 425, 442, 458, 466, 33. 52, 63. 148, 191, 303, 394, 395, 426, 429, 489, 501, 34. 153, 35. 81, 36. 111 -- 114, 151 -- 155, 266 -- 270, 284 -- 287; recommendation refused, 32. 345; overseers, 33. 11, 12, 207 -- 215; steward, 389, 390, 393; Nellie Custis, on love, 34. 91 -- 93; young Lafayette. 368; gardener, 480; nieces marriage, 35. 14 -- 18; carelessness with papers. 75 n ; sudden departure of secretary, 78; political exculpation, 83, 84; delay by public official, 138; young Custis at college, 281 -- 283, 294 -- 296, 340 -- 342, 362, 363, 402 -- 404, 429, 458 -- 460, 494, 495, 510, 511, 36. 20 -- 22, 117, 118, 187, 188, 245, 259, 288, 363; land transaction accusation, 35. 443 -- 445; financial duplicity, 4488; loan to nephew, 498; on early rising, 36. 118; bank employee, 149; poor relation, 162; denunciation of trickery, 37. 186; fraud, 176 -- 178, 180; drink, 237; land dispute, 310.


  •    Advisory committee on Writings , members, 1. v; acknowledgment to, xlviii.


  •    Adye, Stephen Payne, Huddy affair, 25. 29 n , 437 n , 461.


  •    Affleck, Capt . Edmund, on prison ships, letter, 23. 25, 84 n .


  •    Africa , H. M. S., Newport blockade, 34. 295 n , 302, 306, 319, 399, 36. 234.


  •    Agar, -- , shipmaster, 2. 394.


  •    Agents, resident, for prisoners of war, regulations, 19. 11, 121, 255 -- 257, 436, 446, 20. 190, 190 n , 191 n , 234 -- 236, 330, 446, 21. 26, 83, 143, 227. For English commercial agents see Invoices; Tobacco.


  •    Agnew, Gen . James, killed, 9. 319, 323 n , 327, 330, 331, 336, 355, 374, 398.


  •    Agnew, Maj . William, parole, 11. 379.


  •    Agricultural Society of Philadelphia. See Philadelphia Society.


  •    Agriculture, Shenandoah Valley fertility, 1. 6, 7; frontier, harvesting under proteetion (1755), 225, 398, 400, 405, 407, 410, 412, 417; books, 2. 321, 323, 354, 436 n , 28. 384, 429, 459, 484, 524; clearing land, machine, 2. 413; proposal to raise hemp and flax, 430, 432, 433, 438; standing crop and sale of land, 509; probable western (1774), 3. 189; frontier preparations, 199 -- 204, 256 -- 261, 269, 272; personal supervision 5. 331, 12. 269; good harvest (1781), 22. 405, 23. 82; American system, need of reform, experimentation, 28. 185, 395, 510, 511, 517, 524, 29. 298, 299, 388, 30. 47, 133, 217, 305, 32. 67, 33. 438 -- 440, 34. 451, 453, 35. 246, 324 -- 331, 500; societies, need, value, 25. 200, 201, 291, 367, 394, 441, 31. 13, 33. 261, 438, 34. 118, 121, 35. 246; poor crops (1785), 25. 310; benefit of new government, 29. 351; life, Washingtons enthusiasm, 414, 30. 150, 34. 406, 35. 322, 487, 493, 36. 65; American dependence, 29. 455; progress, 526; English publication of Washing, tons correspondence, 30. 153, 32. 70, 34. 21; Poellnitzs proposed public experimental farm, 31. 23, 24; periodicals, Anderson, 63, 32. 58 -- 60, 427, 4213, 431, 432, 33. 384, 34. 406, 35. 431, 36. 66; Indian instruction, 31. 199, 35. 194, 301; data for Young, interpretation, 31. 340, 344, 345, 423, 436 -- 440, 39. 57, 64 -- 72, 192, 250, 251, 459, 460, 33. 713; cotton and hemp, federal bounty, 31. 389; New England, 437; labor and land, 440, 32. 64 -- 66, 36. 107; sectional advantages, 39. 37; Sinclair, pamphlets, British conditions, surveys, 191, 33. 261, 334, 437, 34. 406, 35. 321, 323, 419, 435, 36. 66, 68, 321; English rotation cropping, 39. 217; Youngs Annals, 441; proposed census, 33. 234; Bertrands papers, 338, 357; British Board, Washingtons membership, reports, 34. 235, 35. 506, 36. 20, 322, 37. 96; Washington on his ability and experiments, 35. 246; public patronage, national board, 253, 254, 315, 322, 324, 419, 501, 509, 37. 97; Carters experiments, 35. 268 -- 270; Parkinsons work, 36. 80; Bordleys essays, 37. 327. See also Animals; Depredations; Fertilizers Implements; Land; Mount Vernon; Reclamation; products by name.


  •    Aide major, proposed office, 6. 382.


  •    Aides, Washington as volunteer (1755), 1. 107, 110 n , 112 114, 124; Washingtons regiment, pay, 176, 185, 208, 251. See also Military secretaries.


  •    Aigle , French warship, capture, 25. 280, 37. 558.


  •    Aiken, Robert, furniture, 35. 462, 484.


  •    Aikin, N. Y., Washington at, 27. 71 n .


  •    Ainsworth, Frederic C., Washington Papers, 1. xlvi, 4. 59 n .


  •    Aires, Catawba Indian, 2. 39.


  •    Aitken,* Robert, military guide, Washingtons copy, 3. 293 n ; Bible, 27. 1; publication losses, 31. 49 n .


  •    Alarm, drums, 3. 317, 6. 233; posts and signals (Boston siege), 3. 318, 4. 358, 362, 368, 436; (New York campaign), 524 n , 5. 39, 51, 59, 68, 87, 124, 205, 299, 402, 443, 468, 480, 500, 6. 120, 126, 132, 133; (New Jersey), 7. 41, 80; (Brandywine), 9. 169; (camp and field), 11. 19, 12. 287, 288, 14. 51, 15. 240, 278, 18. 502, 19. 55, 347, 430; (West Point), 21. 281, 25. 104, 338, 340 n ; horses, 3. 320; lying on arms, 5. 213; disregard of signals, 268; under arms at daybreak, 6. 133; generals visit to posts, 191, 195; instructions, 7. 391, 392, 8. 296, 297, 10. 128, 11. 108, 12. 47, 20. 187, 22. 355; preparedness, 10. 117, 124; militia signal, 11. 445, 17. 195, 211, 471, 475, 18. 107, 131, 193, 255; officers leaving during, 12. 272; signals for British raids, beacons (New Jersey). 14. 281 -- 284. 284 n , 319 n , 15. 143, 147, 149. 338, 16. 115; (New England), 14. 297; (Pennsylvania), 307, 309; winter signals 17. 216; battle-line signal, 281, advanced line and camp guns, 18. 147, 148, 19. 347. See also Signals.


  •    Albany, N. Y., water communications cut (1776), 5. 275, 277, 283, 292, 296, 301, 306, 313, 326, 359, 409, 6. 193. 196. 205; loyalist plot, 5. 324, 357; militia, use (1776), 417, 417 n ; cavalry equipment, 10. 246; military stores, armory, 431, 11. 92, 113, 407, 409, 12. 422, 17. 170, 20. 496, 498, 21. 20, 321, 452, 37. 552; artillery, disposal, 10. 486, 487, 489; troops, winter garrison, 11. 92, 152, 13. 116, 179, 261 n , 346, 351, 20. 417, 419, 423, 447, 454, 23. 427. 25. 304 -- 306, 305 n , 308; state prisoners, 12. 283, 319; preparations for Canadian expedition (1778), 13. 237 n , 269, 270, 272, 287. 304, 396. 403, 430, 431; hospital, 345 n , 14. 23, 17. 14, 160, 222, 21. 452; magazines, specific supplies, 16. 88, 256, 17. 188, 19. 165, 363, 20. 451 n ; militia rendezvous (1779), 17. 42, 43; clothing, 18. 23; command, 20. 259, 296; Mrs. Washington, 21. 353; scarcity, 461; preparations against British movement (1781), 22. 151 n ; quota of rations, 245; Washingtons, visits, 24. 233 n , 381, 27. 71 n ; courts-martial at, 24. 267, 279; headquarters, letter from (1732 -- 83), 388 -- 390, 27. 78, 79; replies to addresses, freedom of city, 24. 388, 389, 27. 78.


  •    Albany Congress, Indian trade, 2. 315.


  •    Albemarle County, Va., militia detachment (1756), 1. 481 n , 494; independent company (1775), 3. 276 n ; federal excise survey, 31. 239 n ; neutrality, 33. 153.


  •    Albert de Rions, Charles Hector, comte d, Cincinnati, 27. 386 n .


  •    Albin, George, express rider, court-martial, 13. 314, 315.


  •    Alcide , H. M. S., at New York, 20. 347.


  •    Alcrain, Charles, court-martial, S. 514.


  •    Alcudia, Duque de. See Godoy.


  •    Alden, Lieut . Austin, court-martial, cashiered, 10. 473.


  •    Alden, Col . Ichabod, at court-martial, 3. 482, 490; northern army, 8. 395; frontier post and command, 12. 284, 406, 13. 110, 131; service, 12. 284 n ; surprised, killed, 13. 263, 265, 267, 275, 306, 315; relief of regiment, 469, 470; "late" regiment: new arrangement, 14. 202, 16. 32, 52; Iroquots expedition, brigaded, 14. 414, 15. 142, 189, 17. 99; muster, 14. 416; movements, 17 -- 57; soldier court-martialed, 21. 458. See also Massachusetts Seventh.


  •    Alden. Capt . Judah,* resignation, 11. 226; British irregular flag of truce, 20. 310; post, 311; Staten Island ruse, 394, 396; service, 394 n .


  •    Alden, Roger, brigade major, absent, 8. 391, 405, 11. 142; service, 8. 391 n , 11. 142 n ; captain, rank, 14. 395; major, flag service, 20. 251; Huntingtons aide, 251 n ; state papers, 30. 359, 447, 488 n .


  •    Alder, Charles, & Co., goods for Washington, 37. 425.


  •    Alderson, George, sheriff, Washingtons taxes, 36. 110, 129. Aidridge, Stephen, court-martial, 26. 339.


  •    Alert. See Guards; Vigilance.


  •    Alexander, -- , Samuel Washingtons estate, 29. 157.


  •    Alexander, Mrs . A. J. A., acknowledgment to, 37. 221 n .


  •    Alexander, Capt . Charles, Delaware , 6. 375; Fort Mifflin, 9. 283, 284; annoying British shipping, 10. 357, 509.


  •    Alexander, Charles, of Alexandria, oath before, 30. 194 n .


  •    Alexander, Charles, jr .,* dancing assembly, 37. 425 n .


  •    Alexander, Frances, acrostic to, 1. 20 n .


  •    Alexander, Francis, declaration, 9. 152.


  •    Alexander, Gerard, land transaction, 12. 266; as security, 29. 241.


  •    Alexander, John, land sale, 2. 448.


  •    Alexander, Capt . John, paymaster, 12. 360, 361; service, 360 n .


  •    Alexander, Capt . ( Maj .) Morgan, promotion, 7. 312; Mercer affairs, 18. 247.


  •    Alexander, Robert,* land transactrions, 3. 6 -- 9, 7. 308, 309, 11. 457, 12. 266, 13. 57, 408, 424, 425, 22. 413, 23. 353, 27. 60; debt to Washington, 25. 470, 29. 61, 398; Custis estate, 62, 30. 408, 31. 24 -- 26, 28, 35; bill of exchange, 29. 212; as security, 241; rent rate, 31. 170 -- 172; small leases, 34. 427.


  •    Alexander, Col . Samuel, on Georgia and Creeks, 32. 118.


  •    Alexander, Gen . William. See Stirling.


  •    Alexander, Capt . ( Maj .) William brigade major 15. 267; service 267 n , 19. 17 n ; maneuvers, 18. 433; officer of the day, 19. 17, 73, 113, 20. 75, 217, 261, 320, 365, 23. 275; as officer, 36. 334.


  •    Alexandria, Va., letters from (1754), 1. 31, 33, 85, 89 -- 100; (1755), 171, 184, 185, 240257; (1756), 285 -- 297, 507; (1757 -- 72), 2. 20, 159, 483, 37. 496; (1784), 28. 15; (1793 -- 97), 33. 3, 34. 314, 35. 422; called Belhaven, 1. 60; Braddocks force, 109 n ; military conference (1755), 110 n , 116; recruiting, rendezvous (1755), 165, 166, 184, 188, 191, 192, 199, 205, 207, 212, 233, 239, 243, 247, 249; depot, 215, 265; balls, criticized, 2. 341, 342, 3. 84; Washington and trusteeship, 2. 444 n ; Washingtons real estate, 448, 3. 229 n , 28. 25, 92, 30. 133, 32. 265, 33. 14, 15, 44, 196, 242, 267 270, 287, 316, 317, 343, 352, 361, 367, 376, 400, 401, 426, 427, 454, 34. 214, 356, 381, 494, 503, 35. 465, 495, 496, 36. 25, 75, 77, 299, 317, 336, 337, 391, 392, 439, 37. 276, 300; vestry and church, organ, 3. 112 -- 114, 32. 410 n ; 34. 38 n , 423, 431; county meetings (1774), 3. 229 n , 237 n ; election (1774), 229 n ; route by, 4. 54; alarm (1776), 446 n ; Washington receptions, addresses, 23. 108 n , 355, 27. 288, 30. 286, 287, 33. 2, 3, 114 -- 116, 35. 125, 422, 426; Masonic lodge, 27. 287, 32. 83 n , 35. 426, 37 -- 425 n ; as port, 28. 53; furtrade, 29. 211, 218 -- 222, 30. 202; female academy, 3, 4, 115; ratification celebration, 9, 12, 37. 569; as place for lawyer, 30. 133; presidential vote, 177 n ; tavern, 177 n , 37. 569 n ; rent rate around, 31. 170172; federal district, 254; tobacco inspection, 32. 193; flour storage, 277, 296; customs officers, 415, 417, 438; suit against, Washington as defendant, 454; fortification, 33. 323; prices at, 34. 24; growth, 35. 482, 36. 264, 37, 64: charity, 36. 137 n ; colors for Silver Greys, 368, 380, 418, 418 n , 503, 503 n ; postal inefficiency, 386; dinner to Marshall, 420 n , rendezvous (1799), 37. 181; dancing assembly, 425 n ; draft on collector at, 579, 580. See also next titles.


  •    Alexandria , 2. 379, 34. 185.


  •    Alexandria Academy,* Washingtons connection, 28. 321, 322, 29. 347; letter to trustees, 28. front , 356; his plan for charity pupils, annual subscription, beneficiaries, front , 356 -- 358, 471, 32. 345, 33. 279 n , 281, 282 n , 34. 25, 38 n , 214, 36. 317; Washingtons nephews, 29. 347, 443, 444, 30. 248, 31. 134; mathematics, 30. 24, 434; young Custis, 36. 170; Washingtons bequest, 37. 278; history, 278 n .


  •    Alexandria Bank.* See Bank of Alexandria.


  •    Alexandria Gazette , on Fort Necessity, 1. 89 n ; material from, 8. 76 n .


  •    Alfalfa (lucerne), seed, purchase, quality, 2. 320, 34. 135, 144, 152, 37. 119, 135, 151, 185, 196, 426, 458; culture at Mount Vernon, results, 32. 179, 445, 33. 279, 288, 304, 34. 116, 127, 153, 290, 323, 372, 35. 26; value, 34. 118. See also Grass.


  •    Alford, John, pamphlet, 30. 464.


  •    Alfred, Thomas, wartime employment, 3. 434.


  •    Alfred, William, charges against, 3. 306.


  •    Algeria. See Barbary.


  •    Alien and Sedition Acts, comment, 37. 23, 27; character of opposition, 72, 76. 81, 324; Addisons charge, 76, 80.


  •    Aliens, not for outpost duty, 3. 316; Washingtons opinion and caution on, 8. 8, 136, 197, 264; desertion, 264; recruiting, 10. 230, 24. 452. See also Native Americans; Naturalization.


  •    Aliquippa, Delaware queen, English name for son, 1. 80.


  •    Allan, Mrs . -- , house and presidential mansion, 31. 120.


  •    Allburgh, Vt., customs appointment, 31. 228.


  •    Allegany County, Md., excise survey, 31. 239 n .


  •    Allegheny County, Pa., excise survey, 31. 236.


  •    Allegheny River, Washingtons winter adventure (1753), 1. 29, 30; proposed expedion (1779), boats, navigation, 14. 114, 315; survey, 160; posts, 278, 280. See also Ohio River.


  •    Allegiance, New Jersey proclamation, oath to United States, 7. 61 n , facing 62, 62. 105, 142 -- 144, 188 -- 190, 227; general need of oath, 105; oath for Long Island, 120; military oath, 10. 429; Washingtons oath, 11. front; oath by officers, 331. 333 n , 374, 375, 381, 389, 472, 12. 3; orders on subscribing, 11. 360 -- 362; objections, 410, 411; blanks needed, 472; and office, 21. 23. See also Oaths.


  •    Allen, -- , bears letter, 5. 482.


  •    Allen, -- , house at Mount Airy, 9. 308, 309.


  •    Allen, -- , of Fishkill, armorer, 12. 422.


  •    Allen, -- , of Virginia, jackass, 34. 241.


  •    Allen, Andrew, loyalist, 6. 378; sketch, 379 n .


  •    Allen, Col . Ethan,* capture, 4. 46, 66 n ; exchange question, rank, 162, 5. 357, 384, 394, 6. 359, 501, 7. 57, 11. 71, 129, 219, 300, 381; treatment, hostage for, 4. 169 n , 170, 171, 173, 175, 179, 181, 252, 407, 475, 5. 322 n ; sent to England, 4. 197; at camp, 11. 381; Washington on, 381; brevet, 415, 418 n ; anti-New York actions. 12. 194, 195, 15. 275 n ; British intrigue, 19. 161, 20. 304 -- 306. 25. 216; prisoners at Quebec, 19. 475; letter written by, 475 n .


  •    Allen, George (?), Forbes expedition, 2. 274.


  •    Allen, Ira, Vermont mission to Congress, 23. 488; British intrigue, 25. 216.


  •    Allen, James, military chest (1755), 1. 252; Virginia purchases, 419.


  •    Allen, Ensign James, quartermaster, court-martial, 12. 416, 13. 252; resigns, 252 n .


  •    Allen, Capt . Jean Baptiste, court-martial, 13. 2.


  •    Allen, Jeremiah, court-martial, 26. 322.


  •    Allen, John, volunteer (1758), commission, 2. 197, 205.


  •    Allen, John, loyalist, 6. 378; Apollos Morris, 8. 192, 193.


  •    Allen, Rev . John, information, 8. 378; claim, importunity. 439.


  •    Allen, Adj . John, court-martial, cashiered, 12. 40.


  •    Allen, Col . John, of Machias, and La Motte, 17. 284.


  •    Allen, John, paper possessed by (1831), 28. 127 n .


  •    Allen, Capt . ( Maj .) Jonathan, company, 5. 90; ranking board, 12. 388; service 388 n .


  •    Allen, Ensign Jonathan, boats, 5. 501.


  •    Allen, Capt . Nathaniel Coit, rank dispute, 24. 253, 424, 425; service, 253 n , 26. 174 n .


  •    Allen, Capt . Noah, of Massachusetts, assaulted, 19. 467; service, 467 n .


  •    Allen, Noah, of New Hampshire, court-martial, 26. 192.


  •    Allen, Capt . Samuel, company, 5. 95.


  •    Alien. William, loyalist, 6. 378; daughter, 15. 161 n , 29. 276 n .


  •    Allen, William, express rider, delay, 13. 48.


  •    Allen, Capt . William, rank, 21. 282; office. 282 n .


  •    Allen, Wilson,* Lee deed matter, 37. 236.


  •    Allen Town, N. J., movements, 6. 377, 378, 468 n , 12. 112, 118 n ; collection of provisions, 6. 488.


  •    Allentown, Pa., stores, removal, 9. 236, 10. 75, 316, 11. 33; hospital, 208; laboratory removed, 315.


  •    Allerton. Ann (Steptoe), Mrs. Washington, 32. 29.


  •    Allerton, Willoughby, widow, 32. 29.


  •    Alliance , U. S. S., expected, 19. 205 n , 227, 228 n ; arrivals, supplies, news, 441, 453, 469, 20. 6, 21, 26, 29, 30, 21. 383, 24. 294; Landais, 19. 443 n , for Laurenss mission, 21. 115, 367 n ; Barry, 24. 336 n .


  •    Alliances, Farewell Address on, 35. 234, 235. See also French alliance.


  •    Allibone, William, lighthouse keeper, 32. 433 n ; navigation affairs, 35. 139.


  •    Alligood, Col . -- , exchange, 17. 353.


  •    Allison, -- , hiring as overseer, 34. 58; conduct and character, 135, 152; duties. 343; marriage, 422; road, 35. 259; wife and slave clothing, 306.


  •    Allison, Lieut. Col . John (William), rank, 12. 370, 15. 45, 107, 244, 245, 16. 84, 168, 175 n ; service, 12. 370 n , 15. 45 n .


  •    Allison, Samuel,* assaulted, 18. 243 -- 245.


  •    Allison, Thomas, stud, 34. 499.


  •    Allison, William. See Allison, John.


  •    Allowances. See Pay; wages.


  •    Almodóvar, Marqués , British war, 16. 199, 200.


  •    Almonds, orders, 2. 331, 3. 91, 36. 175.


  •    Alphabet, Ewings Columbian, 37. 140.


  •    Altamaha River, federal post, 31. 32.


  •    Altamont, John Denis Browne, earl of, Irish wolf hounds, 29. 402.


  •    Alte, Daniel, sword for Washington, 35. 208, 209, 209 n , 476.


  •    Alte, Theophilus, sword for Washington, 35. 208, 209, 209 n , 476.


  •    Alton. Elizabeth, account, 29. 255.


  •    Alton, John, Washingtons servant, 1. 145, 297 n , 298, 299, 2. 137, 3. 227; masters homecoming after marriage, 2. 318, 319; mention in will, 37. 287.


  •    Alum, order. 3. 63.


  •    Alyay, Isaac, affidavit, 24. 244 n .


  •    Amazon , flagship, 25. 376 -- 378.


  •    Amberman, Corp . Cornelius, court-martial, reduced, 26. 439, 440.


  •    Ambler, Edward, 11. 63 n .


  •    Ambler, Jacqueline,* Potomac Company, 28. 148.


  •    Ambler, Mary (Cary), 11. 63.


  •    Amboy, N. J., letters from, 5. 74, 76; post, Flying Camp, 120, 217, 220, 276, 278, 295, 6. 127 n , 278; as possible British objective (1776), 5. 215; loyalists, 220, 225, 226; reconciliation conference, 6. 38 n ; British occupation, 121 n , 466, 504, 7. 9, 27, 49, 66, 84, 146, 168, 172. 185, 197, 205, 305, 333; skirmish (1777), 434; British retirement to, 8. 279, 281, 284, 289, 291, 293, 295, 299; British evacuation, 301, 305, 309, 310, 315, 322, 324, 325; cartel negotiations, 13. 349, 359, 369, 388 n , 14. 334 n , 360. 361, 18. 60 -- 62, 272; winter post (1778), 13. 345 n ; British raid (1779), 17. 32, 32 n , 33, 36; winter patrol, 257.


  •    Ambuscade , French privateer. 53. 38.


  •    Amelia County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .


  •    Amendments, Washingtons attitude, second convention, 29. 289, 323, 340, 357, 411, 465, 466, 478, 50. 18 n , 28 -- 30, 41, 52, 62, 63, 66, 82, 96, 118, 149; Massachusetts proposals, 29. 430, 433, 434, 478; state attitude on premature, 30. 118; Virginia senators, 126, 173; Washingtons advice as President, 295, 303, 304; Madisons proposals, Washingtons comment, 341; first, to states, 426; ratification, 31. 3, 11 n ; ratification of eleventh, 34. 81.


  •    America , H. M. S., at New York, 19. 180; damaged, 21. 229, 289, 300, 302, 310.


  •    America , U. S. S., presentation to France, 25. 68 n , 275.


  •    American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Washingtons election, 21. 351, 352; Bowdoin eulogy, 31. 416.


  •    American Antiquarian Society, material from, 3. 416 n .


  •    American Autograph Shop, acknowledgment to, 21. 176 n .


  •    American Historical Review , material from, 27. 505 n .


  •    American Legion, British, to South, 17. 334.


  •    American Museum , Washingtons encouragement, 30. 7, 8, 22; state papers, 330.


  •    American Philosophical Society,* material from, 5. 65 n ; Washingtons election, 18. 11, 20. 348, 349; addresses, 23. 412, 27. 269; foreign members. 33. 221; Rittenhouse memorial meeting, 35. 335 n ; Buckhalls work, 36. 66.


  •    American Revolution, general orders, 1. xxxvi; Washington Papers, xliii -- xlviii; Stamp Act, 2. 424 -- 426, 426 n , 440, 466; Townsbend Acts, 500, 504 n ; nonimportation; 501 -- 504, 512, 514; Dunmores Indian intrigue, 3. 87 n ; Boston Port Bill, 215 n -- 217 n , 219 n , 223, 237 n , 238 n ; Virginia Conventions, 217 n , 224, 235, 236, 276, 276 n , 277 n , 279; Washington on situation and attitude (1774), 224. 226 n , 228, 229, 231 -- 234, 240 -- 242, 245 -- 247; (1775), 268, 277, 291; Coercive Acts, 228, 232, 237 n , 245, 246, 247 n ; Fairfax Resolutions, 229 n , 230, 233, 237 n , 238 n ; Virginia independent companies, 247 n -- 249 n , 265. 266, 276, 288, 298; committees of safety, 248, 248 n ; Dunmore on Virginia conditions (1774), 248 n -- 250 n ; Gage; Washington correspondence on merits, 416, 417. 430, 432; address to Bermudians, 475; address to Canadians, 478 -- 480; English attitude (1775), 4. 5, 12, 15, 17, 105, 179, 209, 210. 215. 222, 244, 321; (1780), 18. 70, 101, 322, 323 n , 353, 20. 478; (1782), 24. 2, 3; rebellion, 4. 59 n , 11. 3 n , 4; Nova Scotia (1775 -- 76), 4. 99, 111 -- 113, 120, 292, 331, 437, 438, 457; Virginia, Dunmore (1775), 161, 167, 172, 185, 186, 200, 201, 210, 212, 297, 446 n ; prospects (1776), 313, 321, 450, 5. 1; (1777), 10. 167; (1778), 11. 194, 453, 12. 308, 13. 21, 22, 80, 104, 463 -- 468; (1779), 14. 299 -- 301, 312, 365; 15. 5, 6, 25, 38, 39, 98, 99, 16. 10, 167, 17. 21; (1780), 18. 204, 20. 241, 242; (1781), 22. 176, 350; military departments (1776), 4. 353 n ; Virginia measures, 5. 93; Georgia preparations, 97, 98; British confined to the coast, 7. 87, 12. 51; stake, 7. 240; need of proper state military legislation, 266; less of early enthusiasm, resignation of officers, 456, 472, 490; plan of unnamed French general, 462 -- 464; British conduct, 463; European conditions and war, 463, 13. 10, 13, 21, 22, 43 n , 130, 16. 123, 199, 200, 246 -- 248, 18. 123, 19. 405 -- 407, 454, 489 n ; effect of campaign through 1776 -- 78, 12. 343; effect of decay of public morals, 15. 180; Spanish mediation 16. 115, 161; finances as crux, 17. 52, 591. 101, 378, 438, 439, 30. 297; necessity of appearance of preparations and vigor (1780), 17. 463; importance of sea power, 18. 271; reported British plans to rule trade, 329; crisis, political and military aspects, 453, 454 n , 19. 130 -- 132, 20. 117, 118, 118 n , 122, 26. 495; fear of relaxation after Yorktown, 23. 271, 297, 302, 347, 352, 359, 361, 365, 367, 390, 443, 447, 477; popular attitude, 24. 421; history, materials, 25. 288, 27. 52, 371, 398; proposed map, 26. 496, 27. 347, 348, 30. 212; causes, 27. 58; Du Boiss address, 173; trials and triumphs, 223, 224; Washington and commentaries, 28. 203; Humphreys and history, 203; Gordons work, 242, 345, 372, 30. 168, 51. 224, 317; Ramsays work, 28. 403, 31. 47 n ; ravages repaired, 28. 500; and French Revolution, 30. 281; risks, 297; New Jerseys conduct, 476 n ; Georgias suffering, 481 n ; Free Quakers, 31. 16 n ; Catholics, 22 n ; Trumbulls engravings, 425, 426; Smiths proposed history, papers, 32. 41; Careys publication of papers, 234n; Snowdens history, 33. 170;Heaths memoirs, 35. 449; Bouthers book on causes, 36. 413. See also Allegiance; Army; "Campaign" titles; Commerce; Continental Congress; Finances; Foreign relations; Frontier; Independence; Indians; Loyalists; Navy; Peace; Providence; Reconciliation; Union; states and sections by name.


  •    Americanism, 5. 362.


  •    Ames, Fisher,* Jay Treaty speech, 35. 62; federal district and Mount Vernon, 71, 74; Bent, 36. 404.


  •    Ames, Lieut . Jotham, assaulted, 26. 304; service, 304 n .


  •    Amherst, Jeffrey, baron , Ticonderoga, 2. 345 n ; and Washington, 355; Pontiac Conspiracy, letter, 403 n ; reconciliation, 11. 307, 501; Canadian campaigns, 13. 233, 299, 429.


  •    Amherst County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .


  •    Amicus Reipublicae, spy, 19. 161 n .


  •    Ammunition, scarcity, supply (1754 -- 58), 1. 76, 188, 190, 191, 193, 196, 196 n , 201, 326, 329, 342, 2. 37, 177, 208, 222, 227, 264, 266, 284; (before Boston), 3. 302, 304, 318, 325, 385 -- 390, 394, 395, 416, 419 -- 421, 424, 436, 438, 442, 452, 453, 458 -- 463, 469, 477, 482, 484, 487, 4. 42 n , 45, 51, 125, 144, 185, 208, 231, 234, 241, 297, 308, 310, 314, 321, 333, 334, 337 -- 340, 343, 350, 404, 427, 433, 446, 37. 522; (New York campaign), 4. 429, 462, 463, 497, 5. 16, 63, 346, 6. 191; (1777), 7. 16, 67, 70, 9. 237, 348, 398, 478, 10. 216; (1779), 14. 372, 15. 227, 248, 17. 14; (1780), 19. 13, 112, 116, 213, 228 n , 236, 313; (1781), 21. 252, 325, 383; returns (1755 -- 57), 1. 177, 2. 59; (1777 -- 80), 7. 67, 80, 11. 112, 12. 259, 14. 34, 99, 397, 15. 66, 17. 333, 425, 20. 494; carrying, 1. 213, 458, 460; for rangers, 231; royal (1756), withdrawal, 381, 388, 454, 459, 460, 476, 2. 37, 42; conservation, waste, punishment (1756), 1. 441, 494, 501; (1775 -- 82), 3. 367, 384, 425, 469, 4. 15, 27, 39, 42, 64, 84, 191, 262, 5. 60, 6. 90, 124, 8. 143, 144, 210, 235, 10. 358, 11. 249, 12. 289, 448, 15. 271, 475, 18. 4, 6, 62, 19. 438, 439, 25. 90, 309, 37. 528; colonial frontier posts, 2. 46, 50; for militia, carrying off, 72, 76, 79, 220, 221, 4. 138, 142, 247, 249, 251, 283, 329, 337, 339, 5. 196, 206, 227, 310, 387, 389, 396, 6. 32, 80, 84, 121, 146, 150, 459, 9. 222, 10. 316, 15. 422, 425, 18. 478; sent Stanwix, 2. 82; care, inspection, 3. 385, 4. 307, 341, 5. 195, 206, 212, 6. 8, 43, 50, 55, 132, 191, 208, 235, 7. 121, 201, 391, 8. 128, 235, 9. 137, 139, 169, 212, 234, 353, 363, 461, 469, 12. 105, 370, 15. 103, 239, 264, 16. 23, 18. 305, 492, 25. 70; Bermuda affair, 3. 386 -- 388, 420, 421, 476, 500, 4. 53; South Carolina, 3. 401; magazines, safety, 428, 4. 468, 5. 231, 301, 6. 222 n , 10. 277, 21. 412, 24. 398, 478, 25. 172, 179, 180, 26. 482; Canadian expedition and Northern army, 3. 436, 4. 45, 496, 532, 5. 4, 8, 15, 45, 47, 53, 54, 75, 77, 79. 136, 137, 146, 172, 189, 257, 7. 67, 70, 8. 380. 385, 392, 408, 410, 428, 433, 448, 14. 23, 43, 111; West Indies venture, 3. 501; cruise to intercept ordnance ship, 4. 23 n , 24, 29, 32 -- 34, 53, 75, 144, 152; manufacture, saltpeter, 26, 216, 218, 288, 321, 365, 5. 93, 340, 341, 19. 111; importation, 4. 41, 159, 160, 162, 163, 5. 190, 370, 373, 6. 316, 7. 216n, 10. 181, 16. 184, 284, 304, 19. 168 -- 171, 227; powder horns, 4. 97, 13. 418; from prizes, 4. 128, 130, 132, 139, 234, 5. 85, 86, 477, 10. 245 n ; estimate of expense, 4. 199; lead, bullet molds, 218, 219, 497, 5. 85, 113, 215, 233, 9. 351, 415, 417, 497, 11. 27, 312, 334, 446, 12. 1, 65, 68, 481 n ; shortage explained, 4. 288; distribution, 307, 333, 7. 482, 8. 101, 231; shotbags, 4. 333, 334; Congress ignores Washington, 365; from states, loans, emergency, return, accounts, 399, 471, 5. 4, 86, 177, 231, 7. 383, 390, 16. 4, 139, 185, 426 -- 428, 17. 66, 136, 137 n , 19. 116, 210, 211, 228 n , 229, 254, 290, 318, 22. 113, 115, 184, 190, 191, 219, 221, 338, 24. 232; salutes limited, 5. 50, 11. 252, 17. 3, 21. 315; invoices, 5. 63; captured by British, 77; sale by soldiers, void, 165, 174; for detachment, 181, 11. 209; issue, pending action, march, 5. 401, 424, 438, 479, 490, 498, 500, 6. 133, 203, 215, 9. 180, 12. 289, 15. 137, 218, 18. 163, 19. 289, 25. 348; carts, wagons, 5. 407, 424, 436, 6. 406, 7. 83, 270, 300, 9. 277, 10. 214, 280; for river vessels, 5. 450; after battle of Harlem Heights, 6. 66; irregular balls, 74 n , 101; complement, officers neglect, 147; pouches, 147, 9. 341, 14. 339; issuing store, 6. 174; inquiry to Congress, 7. 288; for navy, 384, 430, 9. 287, 17. 15; quality, 7. 430; for recruits, 8. 395; for Highlands, 409, 410; for guards, 423, 14. 58; saving damaged, 9. 231, 234, 237, 238, 258, 262, 272, 469; Delaware River defense, 261, 283, 293, 369, 371 n , 393, 395, 423, 433, 434, 460, 10. 42, 68, 97; failure at Germantown, 9. 398; empty boxes, 11. 225; charcoal, 12. 233, 318; winter supply, 13. 373, 374; disappearance of regiments supply, 14. 154, 156, 157 n ; custody of brigade conductor, 15. 102; Indian expedition (1779), 128, 140, 158, 191; wet-weather care, 16. 149; frontier supply, 19. 288, 22. 83, 84, 24. 266, 25. 90; from French forces, 19. 236, 338; rifle corps, 379; transportation of spare, 484; for local defense, 21. 11; to South (1780), 22. 18, 62; damage at West Point, 67; for advanced post, 362; before Yorktown, French source, 23. 125, 125 n , 134, 163; guarding friendly Indians, 31. 22; to Santo Domingo (1791), 375 n ; Waynes force (1792), 32. 134; for French war, 36. 425. See also Arms; Arsenals; Cart, ridges; Lead; Military stores; Shot and shell.


  •    Amnesty, deserters (1756), 1. 252, 461; (1777 -- 82), exceptions, applications, 8. 214, 9. 406, 426, 427, 496, 14. 222, 426, 429, 431, 474, 16. 126, 19. 269, 306, 468, 470472, 23. 456, 469, 24. 248; general military, 4. 204; for loyalists, 456, 8. 172 -- 175, 11. 293, 297, 309, 313, 333 n , 12. 8, 23. 456, 24. 191; British declarations, 5, 279 n , 6. 84 n , 123, 334 n , 9. 152, 300, 306; Fourth of July proclamation, 15. 361, 364; after Yorktown, 23. 247; Whiskey Insurrection, proclamation, 34. 232 -- 234, 258, 258 n , 390. See also Pardon; Reconciliation.


  •    Amour, François Claude. See Bouillé.


  •    Amory, Jonathan, and evacuation of Boston. 4. 377 n .


  •    Amory, Thomas, and evacuation of Boston, 4. 377 n .


  •    Amos, Abel, court-martial, 25. 220.


  •    Amphion , H. M. S., 25. 423.


  •    Amphitrite , stores and volunteers by. 8. 2 n , 7, 15, 30, 49, 318, 323, 396, 9. 194.


  •    Amsbury, William, information under duress, 8. 273 n , 274 n .


  •    Amson, Dr . -- , consultation, 2. 167 n .


  •    Amsterdam, attitude (1779), 14. 196, 220; American consul, 33. 57. See also Netherlands.


  •    Amusements, lack at headquarters, 4. 506; at camp, May Day, 11. 342 n , 348 n ; winter quarters, 21. 29; admonitions on, 30. 246, 35. 295, 459, 460, 495. See also Dancing; Entertainments; Gambling; Horse races; Hunting; Music; Theater.


  •    Anaquaga, N. Y., expedition against, destroyed, 13. 87, 94, 97, 98, 109, 111, 131, 131 n , 134, 160; and route to Niagara, 233 n , 240, 240 n , 241; route to, 14. 302 n ; Fort Plain, 24. 302, 391, 391 n .


  •    Anchovies, order, 27. 160.


  •    Anderson, -- , bears letter, 12. 20.


  •    Anderson, -- , Dismal Swamp, 28. 287, 333.


  •    Anderson, -- , of Bedford, plunder, 13. 187.


  •    Anderson, -- , of New Jersey, case against officer, 24. 442.


  •    Anderson, Col . -- , of Kentucky, surveyor generalship, 35. 140.


  •    Anderson, Col . -- , of Pennsylvania, thresher, 31. 343.


  •    Anderson, Capt . ( Maj .) Archibald, brigade inspector, 12. 69; brigade major, 15. 283: detachment, 17. 264; service, 264 n .


  •    Anderson, Lieut . Daniel, court,martial, cashiered, 11. 202.


  •    Anderson, Edward,* Colvill estate, 3. 149.


  •    Anderson, Ephraim,* plan against British fleet, 5. 275, 287, 300, 344; McDaniel, 9. 67.


  •    Anderson, Harriet Rebecca, Colvill estate, 3. 149, 28. 148 -- 150, 481, 482, 29. 102, 391, 392, 31. 141, 145, 149, 150, 33, 12 n .


  •    Anderson, James, Boston merchant, 4. 141, 152.


  •    Anderson, Capt . James, subordinates assault, 8. 59.


  •    Anderson, Corp . James, detail as blower, 25. 54.


  •    Anderson, James,* engagement as manager of Mount Vernon, 35. 181 -- 183, 257; papers and arrangements for, 257, 258, 266, 307, 332; delay, 337; instructions, 352 -- 357, 376 -- 378, 383 -- 385, 37. 1 -- 9, 133, 134, 459 -- 472, 474; distillery, 35. 352, 465, 36. 112, 139, 141, 154, 177, 302; table, 35. 378; gardener, 432 -- 434, 434 n ; articles from Scotland, 434 n ; Alexandria lots, 496, 36. 337; and lease, 31; advertisement 35 n ; plan for frontier land, 77 -- 79; accounts, Washingtons observations, 110. 111, 151 -- 155; commendation and criticism. 111 -- 114, 277, 278, 284 -- 287, 37. 376: resentment, proposed retirement, 36. 266 -- 269, 279; proposed new arrangement, 269, 270, 283 -- 287; hiring overseers, 450. 451; miller, 37. 354; and lease of mill and distillery, 354, 356 -- 358, 376 -- 378, 383 -- 386; proposed visit to western lands, 462; letter written by, 581 n .


  •    Anderson, Dr . James,* agricultural work, gift, periodical, 31. 63, 32. 58 -- 60, 427, 428. 431, 432, 33. 384, 34. 407, 35. 431, 36. 66; Correspondence , 31. 63 n ; American Philosophical Society, 33. 221; pamphlets and seeds, 384; on peat, 34. 407; disposal of Washingtons land, 409, 410, 464, 36. 65; iron bridge, 34. 463; gardener for Mount Vernon, 35. 432 -- 434, 36. 64, 365; new abode, 65; health, literary work, 364.


  •    Anderson, Capt . John, New Jersey militia company, 5. 424, 437.


  •    Anderson, Capt . John, of Virginia, transfer, 19. 199; service, 199 n .


  •    Anderson, Prof . John, immigration, 33. 359.


  •    Anderson, John, son of James, distillery, 36. 6, 154, 177, 37. 358, 376.


  •    Anderson, Capt . Joseph Inslee, resignation, 24. 62. 80; service, 62 n .


  •    Anderson, Joshua, complaint, 19. 402.


  •    Anderson, Mrs . Matthew, gift, 33. 433, 434.


  •    Anderson, Lieut . Nathaniel, transfer, 19. 201; service, 201 n .


  •    Anderson, Capt . Patrick, absent, suspended, 9. 378.


  •    Anderson, Reuben. See Anderson, Thomas.


  •    Anderson, Richard Clough,* as officer, 36, 334; Miami land, 377, 378, 378 n .


  •    Anderson, Robert, militia detachment (1756), 1. 371.


  •    Anderson, Robert, wagonmaster, court-martial, 11. 367.


  •    Anderson, Robert,* Mount Vernon management, 27. 492.


  •    Anderson, Lieut . Thomas (Reuben), quartermaster, 22. 336; service, 336 n .


  •    Anderson, Crawford & Co., 4. 141.


  •    Andover, Mass., powder mill, 22. 221.


  •    André, Maj . John, signature, 1. li; cartel negotiations, 14. 334; service, 334 n ; Verplancks Point capitulation, 15. 234 n ; Arnold affair, capture, captors, 20. 85 n , 89, 91. 92, 93 n , 95, 133, 149; custody, treatment, 86, 89, 92, 97, 99 n , 120 n , 134 n ; letter to Washington, 86 n ; trial, execution, front ., 101, 109 -- 111, 130, 150, 151, 173; British correspondence and efforts for, 102 -- 104, 111 n , 131, 134 n ; papers on case, Proceedings , 131, 133, 133 n ; reward of captors, 378.


  •    Andrea Doria , U. S. S., prize, 6. 437; Delaware River defense, 9. 427 n .


  •    Andreas Town, N. Y., Indian raid, 12. 214.


  •    Andrew , cartel ship, 23. 337 n .


  •    Andrews, -- , shipmaster, 29. 361.


  •    Andrews, John, artificer, 5. 271.


  •    Andrews, Nathaniel. See Anderson.


  •    Andrews, Robert, Dismal Swamp survey, 27. 392.


  •    Andriani, Conte , impressions, Washingtons comment, 31. 241.


  •    Andromache , French warship, 24. 18.


  •    Andrus, Sergt . Asa, provost marshal, 22. 397.


  •    Anemours. See Annemours.


  •    Angell, Maj . ( Col .) Israel,* at courts-martial, 3. 418, 12. 147, 19. 208, 224, 352, 388; circular letter to, 7. 277 n ; regiment, 8. 60, 153, 401; Delaware River defense. instructions, 9. 326, 328, 333 -- 335, 343, 345, 371 n , 376, 380, 393; service, 326 n ; regiment brigaded, 380, 12. 216, 18. 190; seamen, 9. 400; officers and soldiers courtmartialed, 10. 272, 11. 119, 489, 12. 49, 91, 172, 17. 345, 18. 3; patrol, 10. 412; health of regiment, 11. 387; regiment to Rhode Island, 12. 191, 192, 197; clothing, 17. 207, 18. 108, 19. 303; criticism of regiment, 18. 63; officer of the day, 255, 285. 318, 351, 402, 467, 19. 173, 251, 20. 11; men from Sherburnes regiment. 18. 319; maneuvers, 395, 423, 19. 127; front line in field, 18. 503; resistance of British advance (1780), 19. 66, 73, 93, 97; replacements, 93, 97; new arrangement, 97; ill, 20. 11; Springfield action, court of inquiry, 32, 71; reorganization of Rhode Island regiments, 285. See also Rhode Island Second Regiment.


  •    Angell, James. See Angell & Sullivan; Goddard & Angell.


  •    Angell & Sullivan,* advertisement 33. 283.


  •    Angely, François Marie, baron d, Huntington expedition, 22. 403; service, 403 n .


  •    Anhalt Zerbst Regiment, in Canada, 14. 410 n. See also Mercenaries.


  •    Anieres, Lieut . -- d, bears letter, 27. 64; pass to New York City, 64; service, 64 n .


  •    Animals, medicine order, 2. 321; Washington and Custis stock, 25. 444; improper care, 30. 265; weekly reports, 32. 232, 240; thefts at Mount Vernon, 232, 240; care, records, 33. 70, 99, 195, 37. 461; improvement, 33. 430; British and American compared, 438; complete inventory, 35. 266; value at Mount Vernon, 37. 302. See also Asses; Barns; Birds; Cattle; Deer; Fodder; Dogs; Hogs; Horses; Sheds; Sheep.


  •    Anna , pink, captured, 2. 324.


  •    Annabella , prize, 5. 301 n .


  •    Annapolis, Md., Virginia recruiting (1755), 1. 178; tools from, 519; nonimportation, 2. 500 n ; letters from, 3. 65, 23. 357, 27. 277 -- 285, 28. 17 -- 22; horse races, 3. 155; removal of stores (1777), 7. 380; raid feared (1779), 14. 306; Lafayettes force, British blockade and retreat, 21. 338, 419, 444 n ; replies to addresses, 23. 357, 27. 281, 33. 90; sick soldiers, 23. 434; Washington at, 27. 405, 407, 480 n ; presidential tour, 51. 229, 250 n ; customs officers, 33. 67, 73, 88, 89 n ; emergent meeting place for Congress, 117, 124; fortification, 321, academy, 34. 45.


  •    Annapolis Convention, origins. 27. 375 n ; call, 28. 422; Washingtons attiude, 431; meeting, failure of delegations, 29. 4, 123, 127, 138.


  •    Anne , prize, 5. 301 n .


  •    Anne and Elizabeth , 3. 136, 167, 169, 204, 212.


  •    Anne Arundel County, Md., excise survey, 31. 239 n .


  •    Annemours (Anemours), Charles François Adrien le Paulnier, chevalier d,* foreign volunteer, 8. 33, 40, 267; consul, 33 n , 18. 419; on French attitude, letter (1777), 8. 265 n , Cottineau, 30. 210.


  •    Annes, John, court-martial. 9. 30.


  •    Anniversaries. See Celebrations.


  •    Annual Register , extracts, 17. 315.


  •    Annuity, Indian, 31. 462, 32. 10, 35. 299.


  •    Anson County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 236.


  •    Anster, Nathaniel, court-martial. 9. 89.


  •    Anstey, John, Mount Vernon, 28. 470, 29. 175.


  •    Anstruthers, Lieut. Col . John, exchange. 10. 521.


  •    Anterroches, Chaunae, comtesse d, appeal for son, 29. 170 n .


  •    Anthony, Fairfax servant, 2. 388.


  •    Anthony. Dr . -- , prize case. 14. 214, 273.


  •    Anthony, Joseph,* Trumbulls prints, 37. 150, 247, 382, 383, 426.


  •    Anthrax, Washingtons, in 1791, 31. 334.


  •    Antifederalism, disappearance, 30. 331. See also Organization; Ratification.


  •    Antigua, exchange of sheep and plants, 36. 426, 427.


  •    Antill, Lieut. Col . Edward,* recruiting, 6. 479; post, 8. 89, 90; Colerus, 91; shoes, 9. 43; prisoner of war, relief, court of inquiry on, 18. 345, 20. 501, 21. 46; at court of inquiry. 241; command, 22. 163 n ; officer of the day, 25. 146, 251, 287, 320; at court-martial, 166; leave of absence, 409; ordered to camp, 26. 64 n ; Canadian refugees, rations for family, 67, 140, 177.


  •    Aorson, Capt . Aaron. officer of the day. 23. 165, 175. 251, 275, 328; service, 165 n .


  •    Apothecaries, apothecary general, 11. 260 n ; appointments, 20. 218: regulations, 24. 479, 480; pay and ration, 481, 25. 443.


  •    Appleby, Elnathan, loyalist, guard at place, 12. 248.


  •    Appleby, Joseph, loyalist, 12. 248 n ; headquarters at house, 22. 331 n .


  •    Applegarth, Thomas M., acknowledgment to, 37. 425 n .


  •    Applegate, Daniel, court-martial, 9. 268.


  •    Apples, for Mount Vernon, 2. 383. 28. 427; grafting, 34. 489, 35. 20.


  •    Appleton, Lieut . Abraham, rank, 15. 119, 126; service, 119 n ; brigade major, officer of the day, 25. 158, 183, 214, 236. 251.


  •    Apply. Aaron, court, martial, 8. 153.


  •    Appointments. See Office.


  •    Apprentices, enlistment, 1. 238, 239, 244, 267 n ; freed slaves, 37. 276.


  •    Appropriations, revenue for, and objects of federal. 30. 455; contingent fund, 31. 108; foreign intercourse. 249, 477, 35. 71, 87; Santo Domingo refugees, 33. 257; use, 339. 342; Barbary affairs, 385, 397; estimates, 34. 37; various acts (1795), 142 n ; Indian trade. 366; needed. for federal district, 420; San Lorenzo Treaty affairs, 509; Jay Treaty, 35. 12 n , 31; civil government for frontier posts, 68; lack of funds. 177. See also Expenditures; Finances.


  •    Apricots, Mount Vernon, 33. 352.


  •    Aprons, orders, 2. 331, 335, 336, 369, 414, 463.


  •    Apthorp, Charles Ward, house as Howes headquarters, 6. 69.


  •    Arbitration, case, 3. 37, 39; rent of dower land, 9. 281; provisions contract, 24. 283, 357, 369, 385, 402, 403, 413, 25. 184 n ; French forage, 24. 356, 426.


  •    Arbuthnot, Adm . Marriot, expected fleet and transports, 16. 18, 77, 115, 160, 161; arrival, force, 187, 189, 194, 200, 215, 240, 248, 269, 373, 17. 21; expected sailing, 16. 333; to South, 18. 124; return, 19. 27, 29, 37; Newport blockade, 293 n , 324 n , 325, 383, 483, 20. 28, 322; prison ships, letter, 21, 114 n , 145 n , 220; storm, resumption of blockade, 192, 194, 197, 229, 289, 299 -- 302, 304, 310, 437; and French plans, 230; pursuit of Destouches, action, 333, 334, 339, 345, 360, 361, 376 n , 387, 387 n , 396, 398, 403, 419, 438; return to New York, position, 466, 492, 506, 22. 259


  •    Arbuthnot, Thomas, land, 28. 76, 77.


  •    Archbald, Capt.-Lieut . Edward, in charge of boats, 5. 501; court of inquiry, 8. 370.


  •    Archer. Mrs . -- , 13. 429.


  •    Archer, Cornet Henry, promotion, 14. 213; service, 213 n .


  •    Archer, John, proposed new corps, 15. 21; Stony Point, dispatches, reward, brevet, 443, 443 n , 444, 452, 453, 16. 63; captain, ill, 17. 103.


  •    Archer, Ensign Richard, resignation, 31. 79.


  •    Architecture. See Buildings.


  •    Arden, Jacob. See Harden.


  •    Ardent , H. M. S., 16. 283; reported capture, 17. 62, 64, 65.


  •    Area of United States, 35. 324.


  •    Arele, John. See Arris.


  •    Arendt, Col . Henry Leonard Philip, baron d,* command, 7. 348; service, 348 n , 8. 301 n ; battalion brigaded, 98; leave, 301; Prussian plan, 302; Delaware River defense, instructions, ill, 9. 256. 261, 321 n , 393 -- 396, 406. 409, 410, 416, 444, 458, 488, 489; and inspector generalship, 10. 250, 37. 547; return to service, troubles, 12. 20; retirement. 214; return to Europe, 21. 251.


  •    Argyle , flagship, 14. 171, 173.


  •    Argyll, John Campbell, duke of, regiment, 12. 473.


  •    Ariel , H. M. S., reported capture, 17. 39.


  •    Ariel , U. S. S., expected, overdue, 19. 205 n , 443, 453 n , 20. 21; proposed expedition, 21. 296. 302.


  •    Ariss, John,* land lease, 27. 453, 28. 376, 3 4. 124, 492; Washington College lottery, 27. 462; draft, protested, 36. 282, 37. 338, 340; death, 453.


  •    Ariss, Richard, court-martial, capital penalty, pardon, 23. 322, 329.


  •    Arithmetic, Pikes, dedication declined, comment, 28, 463, 464, 30. 2, 3. See also Mathematics.


  •    Armand-Tuffin, Col . Charles. marquis de la Rouerie,* commission, 8. 71; service, 71 n ; and command, 72; bears letters, 90, 10. 445, 11. 316, 21. 181, 436, 27. 409 n ; Morriss recommendation, 8. 90; independent corps (legion), instructions, size, 90 -- 92, 224, 226, 9. 100, 10. 447, 11. 82 n , 148, 14. 289, 20. 163, 278, 299; Washingtons early opinion, 8. 91; court-martial of troops, 343, 344, 453, 11. 133; arms and clothing, 8. 416, 14. 335, 336, 336 n , 17. 310; officers, character, commissions, 9. 31, 12. 375, 13. 307 n , 373 n , 14. 428, 17. 329, 330, 20. 300, 410 n , 21. 89, 93, 219, 267, 23. 267, 490, 495, 500, 27. 118; personal complaints, 9. 155, 13. 281 n ; conduct of corps, 9. 162, 166, 167, 17. 329, 23. 318; rank or resignation, 10. 446, 447; for Albany, 11. 154; in plan of march (1778), 466; recruiting, deserters, prisoners of war, funds, 12. 73, 151, 240, 14. 78, 79 n , 17. 329, 20. 311, 23. 224, 266, 492, 499; front post, 12. 270; winter posts, patrol, Lee, 13. 264, 265, 293, 323, 402, 14. 86, 17. 305, 330; and Pulaskis corps, union, 14. 35, 65, 17. 451, 496 -- 498, 18. 25, 20. 163, 311; Schotts company, 14. 74; Iroquois expedition, 286, 321, 323, 16. 140; frontier protection, 14. 453; use of corps, 15. 295; Bedford post, 337, 338, 373, 400, 437, 497; court of inquiry, court-martial, reprimand, 337, 337 n , 378, 16. 56, 92. 208; gratuity to corps, 132; commissary, 328; position and movements, raid (1779), 17. 60, 95, 152, 153; promotion refused, 328, 450, 451, 20. 409, 410, 24. 82, 26. 197, 198, 198 n , 309; to South, stopped, 17. 497, 498, 23. 267, 270, 312, 318, 500, 24. 2, 3, 469, 472, 25. 100, 193, 201; certificate of services, 17. 498; returns, 18. 25, 24. 81; horses, equipment, dismounted men, 20. 312, 25. 224, 266, 499, 500, 24. 82, 116, 469, 470; for France (1781), commended to Biron, 21. 89, 93, 177, 178, 258; refitting corps, own expense, advances, 93, 171, 258, 25. 307; Garanger, 22. 5; Ternant, 186, 26. 456; Yorktown, 23. 224; McLanes company, 277, 334, 335; draft from line, 266, 317; position and condition of legion (1782), 24. 81, 82, 422; and proposed mercenary corps, 115; suggestions on cavalry, 25. 11, 12; Segond, 307, 26. 75, 163, 170; disposal of legion, discharge, 206, 27. 229; cavalry in peace establishment, 26. 318; memorial on land for legion, 27. 172; French office, 270, 404 n , 407, 407 n , 28. 288; portrait of Washingto n , 27. 271; Washingtons review and commendation of services, 274 -- 276, 407, 409 n ; Cincinnati, 404 n ; mother, 407; postbellum movements, 412; marriage, 28. 514; pay arrears of corps, 30. 437; Combourg, 31. 355.


  •    Armed neutrality, proposal, 19. 128; hopes from, 20. 122, 478; Anglo-Dutch war, 21. 350; free ships, free goods, 36. 236.


  •    Armistage, -- , house, 9. 307.


  •    Armistead, John,* fathers estate, debt to Washington, 28. 410, 29. 133, 37. 499, 509, 510; office. 32. 163; Moore estate, 37. 499.


  •    Armistead, William, estate, debt, protested bill, 28. 410, 29. 133, 30. 94, 231, 272, 282, 283, 37. 499, 500, 510.


  •    Armistead, Ensign William, conduct, 7. 215.


  •    Armor, Lieut . Thomas, court-martial, ll. 97.


  •    Armorers, regimental, 2. 90, 202; attendance at headquarters, 3. 384; brigade, 446; orders, 4. 307; returns, 5. 12; repairs, 53, 6. 269, 7. 424; shops, work, 5. 94, 166, 176, 12. 422, 24. 177 n , 424; complaint against, warning, 5. 140, 11. 34; Highlands, Fishkill, 6. 48, 11. 25; need, 9. 19, 20; chief, 20, 400 n ; detachment for service, 167; parade, 10. 306; bayonets, 11. 112; superintendent, 334; under conductor of military stores, 15. 101; light corps, 16. 469, 469 n ; Fort Pitt, 18. 111, 113; returns on unemployed, 20. 64; and militia duty, 496, 498; German prisoners of war, 25. 140, 26. 140. See also Arms: Blacksmiths.


  •    Armories. See Arsenals.


  •    Armour Institute of Technology, Washington relic, 37. 286 n .


  •    Armozeen, order, 2. 339.


  •    Arms, recruits (1755), 1. 170, 171, 187, 210, 233, 256, 261; (177 -- 82), state or continental provisio n , 7. 194, 200, 216, 242, 244, 250, 311, 457, 9. 497, ll. 33, 34, 146, 409, 459, 462, 15. 91, 411, 424, 18. 507, 19. 128, 129, 21. 277, 24. 66, 25. 25; marking, 1. 178, 211, 233, 2. 112, 4. 335, 7. 341, 424, 428, 457, 8. 26, 202; unaccountable lack, carrying off, 1. 179, 4. 138, 142, 194, 6. 80, 262, 264, 269, 277, 422, 459, 7. 49, 68, 73, 78, 113, 145, 157, 167, 194, 209, 215, 230, 238, 340, 349, 358, 390, 424, 8. 167, 237, 334, 367 n , 9. 18, 19, 497, 12. 2, 17. 428 -- 430, 20. 359; injury, loss, repairs, stoppage (1755 -- 58), 1. 182, 201, 210, 224, 257, 272, 381, 2. 90, 180, 202, 219, 224, 225, 233; (1776 -- 82), 5. 60, 61, 90, 94, 166, 6. 475, 7. 157, 163, 167, 230, 302, 303, 390, 424, 9. 19, 20, 140 n , 167, 231, 238, 262, 400 n , 10. 87, 231, 278, 305, 306, 311, 431, 11. 25, 27, 34, 66, 146, 198, 323, 12. 422, 15. 158, 160, 18. 111, 113, 19. 454, 465, 20. 423, 21. 307, 321, 24. 322, 424, 25. 128, 140, 377; scarcity, supply, search, waste, (1755 -- 58), 1. 188, 2. 88, 90, 123, 202, 206, 210, 221, 222; (Boston siege), 3. 458 -- 460, 477, 482, 4. 235 -- 239, 241 -- 243, 247, 249 -- 251, 264, 273, 277, 290, 291, 305, 308, 314, 322, 325 -- 327, 333, 334, 342, 346, 413, 446, 6. 205; (New York campaign), 4. 471, 496, 500, 511, 518, 532, 534, 5. 5, 10, 18, 19, 59, 63, 113, 177, 240, 294, 407, 6. 222 n , 406, 459; (1777), 7. 49, 169, 208, 230, 8. 334, 388, 9. 169, 270, 324, 362; (1778), 10. 299, 330, 489, 11. 407, 409, 422, 12. 10, l6, 25, 405; (1779), 14. 197, 372, 406, 453, 466, 15. 42, 102, 103, 147, 308 n , 422, 17. 38; (1780), 18. 4, 6, 62, 19. 213, 228 -- 232, 228 n , 259, 269, 311, 338, 453, 454, 20. 21, 26, 29; (1781), 21. 78; care, inspection (1755 -- 57), 1. 224, 311, 408, 2. 111; (1775 -- 81), 4. 87, 136, 207, 213, 5. 195, 206, 212, 229, 6. 8, 50, 132, 191, 208, 235, 7. 121, 391, 482, 8. 128, 143, 371, 388, 406, 9. 2, 6, 10, 134, 169, 209, 234, 237, 348, 353, 363, 469, 10. 122, 151, 260, 311, 11. 442, 12. 105, 194, 370, 15. 103, 137, 239, 264, 16. 23, 17. 251, 18. 305, 319, 19. 13, 337, 23. 134; recovery from settlers, 1. 226, 2. 195; frontier, 1. 229, 6. 168, 14. 335, 336, 336 n , of deserters, details, sick, dead, discharged, 1. 282, 5. 407, 10. 207, 332, 406, 526, 11. 132, 498, 15. 102, 17, 280, 297, 18. 9, 309, 507, 20. 404, 407, 21. 39, 25. 213; trial for throwing away, 1. 354; militia, supply, loss, recovery (1756 -- 58), 1. 371, 405, 436, 2. 219; (1776 -- 81), 4. 247, 249, 251, 277, 284, 327, 413, 5. 186, 206, 387, 389, 8. 166, 334, 367 n , 369, 9. 132, 140, 163, 175, 223, 230, 260, 270, 274, 275, 278, 10. 39, 153, 330, 431, 11. 311, 12. 372, 380 n , 405, 434, 15. 147, 17. 38, 19. 480, 20. 169, 260, 21. 85; Rock Creek, Va., 1. 463; Indians, 463; returns and issues (1757), 2. 2; (1776 -- 80), 4. 206, 5. 51, 106, 107, 7. 80, 8. 237, 9. 341, 10. 308, 11. 33, 112, 198, 225, 411, 462, 12. 16, 259, 290, 331, 14. 99, 397, 15. 102, 286, 17. 333, 425, 18. 306, 407, 408, 19. 289, 290, 20. 358, 497; royal, for provincials, 2. 59, 61, 70, 71, 80; proper firing, 113, 180, 5. 198, 207, 486, 487, 8. 108, 12. 360, 24. 322, 352, 359; covers for locks, 2. 243, 244; Washingtons private orders, 436 n , 464, 514, 3. 77; independent companies, 263, 266, 5. 96; disposal by soldiers, 4. 2, 5. 165, 174, 9. 170, 363, 11. 367, 18. 319; manufacture, 4. 26, 7. 214; firing, permitted and forbidden, carrying loaded guns, 4. 78, 513, 527, 5. 209, 378, 426, 468, 560, 6. 90, 233, 234, 237, 8. 142, 186, 224, 297, 422, 9. 2, 200, 354, 378, 470, 10. 122, 191, 13. 453, 23. 265, 305; quality, 4. 84, 7. 113; furnished by soldiers, appraisal and pay, 4. 85, 103, 111, 152, 182, 191, 235, 236, 238, 242, 277, 5. 210, 7. 302, 303; from prizes, distribution, 4. 149, 159, 5. 85, 86, 96, 145, 179, 180, 210, 217, 231, 243, 248, 301 n , 352, 477, 6. 356; importation, problems, reliance, 4. 159, 160, 160 n , 162, 163, 5. 240, 248, 370, 373, 6. 316, 7. 216 n , 328, 330, 334, 335, 349, 8. 2, 3, 7, 15, 49, 9. 416, 10. 330, 11. 416, 13. facing 148, 18. 24, 19. 168 -- 171, 205 n , 219, 227, 228 n , 443, 21. 305, 383; estimate of expense, 4. 183; expected supply from Quebec, 231, 232; paying for use, purchase or hire, 247, 264, 7. 112, 113, 126, 209, 230, 370; number needed (1776), 4. 305, 314; officers, 307, 8. 256, 12. 370, 15. 134, 160, 16. 108; action in Congress, 4. 314 n , 365, 6. 222 n , 7. 216, 288; price, 4. 327; Canadian expeditions, 406, 13. 431; lack in South, 4. 446 n , 7. 274; accounts, settlements, 4. 491, 5. 26, 7. 11, 8. 212; unarmed troops, 4. 500 n , 518, 5. 232; from loyalists, 19; captured by British, 77, 6. 287; distribution, precedence, excessive requisitions, 5. 99, 7. 156, 209, 306, 307, 316, 358, 370, 383, 390, 424, 429, 459, 8. 2, 15, 167, 312, 334, 365, 366, 369, 9. 330, 10. 489, 11. 26, 27, 24. 304 n , 316; pending action, care, 5. 213, 401, 407, 411, 424, 438, 456, 469, 490, 498, 500, 6. 133; accessories, 214, 8. 350, 10. 280, 22. 428; responsibility, 6. 240, 9. 32, 12. 289, 18. 16, 21. 39; captured from British, distribution, 7. 37, 175, 9. 425, 10. 245 n , 262, 489, 11. 198, 459, 460, 478, 12. 18, 15. 446, 23. 289, 290; tomahawks, 7. 83, 301, 8. 211; for Additional regiments, 7. 139, 10. 10; American skill in use, 7. 198; interstate transactions, 207, 217; cavalry, carbines, pistols, 7. 215, 424, 9. 421, 10. 353, 11. 115, 275, 322, 338, 384, 393, 12. 2, 27, 331, 14. 331, 389, 16. 94, 18. 85, 91, 280, 281; for Commander in Chiefs Guard, 7. 452; British bounty for American, 8. 8, 9, 17; ownership question, 26; rifle corps, 246, 19. 379, 22. 427; to South, problem, 8. 368, 14. 470, 501, 15. 91, 20. 26, 29, 30, 189, 202, 321, 322, 21. 382, 22. 18, 62, 178; issuing, regulations, care, 8. 416, 417, 12. 16, 70, 111, 289, 422, 14. 446, 495, 16. 125, 126, 18. 163, 19. 345; refused for state expedition, 8. 482, 487; pay for British deserters, 9. 92; chests, 145, 10. 231; return by state, 9. 324; equalizing caliber in brigade, 363; tents, 10. 214, 12. 53; at hospitals, 10. 405, 11. 207; detachments, 308, 324, 422, 442; naval, 359; Iroquois expedition, 15. 134, 160, 171, 191, 16. 108; wet-weather care, 149; light corps, 17. 53; gunnery experiments, 442, 454, 18. 332, 350; sufficiency (1780), 76, 19. 304, 313; side arms, 22, 386, 478; sappers and miners, 304; partisan corps, 20. 312; state demand for return, 21. 78; storage, 24. 7; old and new, 233, 25. 25; exchange of unfit, 31; noncommissioned officers, 144; gift to veterans, 26. 333, 334 n , 357 n , 372, 464, 482, 497; to Santo Domingo (1791), 31. 375 n ; Waynes force (1792), 32. 134; to South Carolina (1792), 189 n ; against Whiskey Insurrection, 33. 524; surprising lack (1796), 34. 493; for provisional army, importation, 36. 443; character (1798), Ferguson rifle, 479, 37. 15, 56. See also Armorers, Arsenals; Artillery, Bayonets; Flints; Military stores; Ordnance department; Pikes; Pistols; Swords.


  •    Armstrong, Lieut . -- , court-martial, cashiered, 11. 382.


  •    Armstrong, Edward A., acknowledgment to, 3. 41 n .


  •    Armstrong, George, Forbes route, 2. 243 n .


  •    Armstrong, Dr . James, appointment, 7. 250; service, 250 n ; land, 16. 70.


  •    Armstrong, Lieut . ( Capt .), James, court-martial, 12. 256, 257; peace establishment, 27. 279 n ; command (1798), 37. 493.


  •    Armstrong, Maj . ( Gen .) John [1]*, jealousy (1757), 2. 53 n ; on alarm (1757), letter, 63 n ; Forbes route, letters, 243 n , 264 n , 37. 481; Forbes expedition, 2, 301 -- 306; Washingtons Pennsylvania land, 468, 471 -- 473, 521; sketch, 471 n ; Berkeley Springs, 473; military land grant, 3. 150 n , 155, 156; brigadiership (1775), 461, 4. 353 n ; Virginia command, 381; and major generalship, 382; South Carolina, 5. 98; enlistments, 6. 364, 7. 389; draft by, 6. 365 n ; Newtown post, 7. 176; to New Jersey (1777), 249; appointment of officers, 250; resigns, 486; militia command, Philadelphia campaign: beginnings, 8. 341, 342, 9. 128, 130, 180, 200, 201; Brandywine and after, 207, 215, 220, 265, 278, 297; councils of war, 262, 263 n , 279, 11. 305, 363 n ; Germantown and after, 9. 307 -- 309, 309 n , 337; and proposed assault, 10. 103 n , 204; on winter quarters, 133 n ; post, 152; patrol, 215, 246, 452; -- active service (1778), 11. 159; Iroquois expedition, 15. 99 n ; Congress, committees, 262 n , 393 n , 16. 108 n , 130 n , 18. 432 n ; Nichols, 15. 417; land for son, 16. 70; Washington and presidency, 29. 464; Washington on relations, 31. 210; office for son, 210; St. Clairs defeat, 32. 2.


  •    Armstrong, Maj . John [2], sketch, 2. 471 n ; appointment (?), 7. 250, 8. 342; bears letters, 12. 125 n , 17. 59, 26. 24; Gatess aide, 17. 59 n , 26. 24 n ; Newburgh Addresses, Washingtons statement, 35. 397.


  •    Armstrong, Lieut . ( Capt .) John, court, martial, cashiered, restored, 15. 163, 164, 18. 63 -- 65, 27, 16; service, 15. 163 n , 18. 147 n ; pursuit of deserters, 147; peace establishment, 27. 279 n ; promotion, 32. 351 n .


  •    Armstrong, John, private, court-martial, 12. 299.


  •    Armstrong, Capt . Thomas, Verplancks Point, surrender, 15. 234 n ; supplies for prisoners of war, 25. 376, 377; service, 376 n .


  •    Armstrong, Capt . William, bears funds, 14. 170; service, 170 n .


  •    Armstrongs Camp, Pa., letter from, 2. 306.


  •    Armstruther, -- , information, 15. 228.


  •    Army, fear of standing, 6. 112, 137, 155, 422, 11. 290, 291, 16. 39, 19. 131; peace establishment: plan, attitude, inaction, 26. 290, 315, 316, 318, 323, 345, 374 -- 398, 479, 480, 27. 125, 148, 154, 156, 188, 200, 203, 204, 209, 232, 409, 410; engineers, artillery, 26. 355, 415, 27. 142, 161, 162, 164, 201, 28. 496, 35. 152; standing, size, retrained troops, distribution, 26. 374 -- 380, 386, 27. 141, 169, 221, 256 -- 259, 278, 339; continental control, 26. 377, 384; officers, pay and subsistence, 380, 382 -- 384, 386, 446, 27. 141; elements, composition, 26. 380 -- 382; West Point, 382; carry over from war, three-year men, enlistment terms, pay, 383 -- 385; commissary, 384; sedentary evils, 385; revision of articles of war, 385; arsenals, military stores, 394 -- 398; academies, instruction of officers, appointments, 396, 397; final circular to states on, 494; Washingtons comments on congressional report, 27. 140 -- 144; no trade with Indians, 142; organization, 142; staff officers, 142; private pay, clothing, 142; promotion, 142; magazines, 143; veteran officers, 209, 279, 307; command and war secretaryship, 221, 339; Steubens plan, 359 -- 361; objects, 360; proposed western posts (1785), 28. 167 -- 169; -- federal establishment, 30. 376, 492; southern frontier, 31. 32, 92, 32. 119, 123, 35. 311; supplies for winter posts and frontier, 31. 92, 34. 493; increase, 31. 240, 268 -- 270, 275, 277, 467, 493, 33. 356; systematic defense, 31. 403, 33. 165, 166, 35. 57, 235, 315; frontier posts or mobile force, 32. 126, 146; superintendent of supplies, 33. 233, 234; recruits to South, coast guard, 317; regulations (1795), 34. 141 n ; frontier posts, Erie, 151, 172, 173, 330; annual message on (1795), reduction, 352, 366, 390; remodeling (1796), 35. 109, 135, 164; vote of establishment bill (1797), alteration, 405, 405 n ; provisional memoranda, 36, 279; necessary character, 307 -- 310; preparations, 335. 395, 403, 406, 410 -- 412. 417, 424; quotas, 491; line of battle. 37. 15; war force and frontier guard, control, 15, 38, 39, 188. 364 -- 367; returns on existing, 22; peremptory requirement of raising, 35, 37; organization, 45 -- 49; riflemen. 56, 65; Georgia garrisons. 167, 219; offense as defense 250. See also Arsenals; British army; Commander in chief; Continental army; Fortifications; French and Indian War; French crisis; Indians; Militia; Military; Supplies; Volunteers.


  •    Arnold, Col . ( Gen .) Benedict,* Canadian expedition: plan, 3. 437. 470; ships for expedition, 467 n , 470; Maine preparations, 471; force. equipment. 473; final preparations, departure, 482, 485, 489, 510:instructions, 491 -- 496: rank questionin, 4. 3, 12; funds, 4; news. progress, 4, 12, 24. 29, 65, 74, 76, 92, 106, 117. 123, 133, 147, 148, 167. 232; reconnoitering party, 4 n ; prospects, 12, 13 n , 100, 106; peril, 18, 45; purpose, 27 n ; pay, arrears, 49. 232; brigadier general, 59 n ; defection of rear guard, 98, 100, 106, 113. 119, 120, 126, 127, 131. 139, 149, 157; Washingtons praise, 147, 148, 461; regiment and officers of expedition in new establishment, 149, 190, 195. 232, 288, 461; junction with Montgomery, 176, 196; Quebec, wounded, 254, 270, 281, 301; regiment brigaded, 275, 512, 535; after repulse, blockade, 278, 298, 357; old regiment at New York, 5. 12, 41, 42, 81, 107, 158; The Cedars, 108 n , 109 n ; on attitude of Canadians, 142; on Canadian disaster, 168; lake preparations, fleet, 183, 189, 433, 6. 223; and inquiry into expedition, 5. 282; council of war, 290 n ; cartel, 465 n , 6. 101, 158. 159 n , 193; news, 217; -- for New Jersey (1776), 356, 357, 370, 371; for New England against Clinton, 366, 374, 408, 412, 427; and British at Newport, 7. 24, 26, 115, 163, 233; and exchanges, 173, 178, 242; promotion questions, rank, letter, 234, 234 n , 352. 8. 16, 47, 48, 67, 427, 9. 35 n , 10. 185, 324 -- 326, 13. 81 n ; on British reenforcements, 7. 333; information, 434; Ridgefield, presentation horse, 488 n , 8. 16 n ; recruiting, 7. 489; command on the Hudson (1777), 8. 26, 30; Washingtons commendations, 26, 48, 377; accounts, 48; Apollos Morris, 192 n ; Philadelphia command (1777), 195, 262; passes to women, 199; Howes June movement, Delaware line, letter, 254, 259 n , 271; forwards cartridges, 263; sent to Northern army, influence, 377. 427, 430, 433, 434, 438, 459, 507, 9. 13; Fort 5tanwix, 103, 106, 151, 154, 157, 162, 165, 174 n , 176; Bemis Heights, wound, honors, 377, 10. 44, 325 n , 11. 326, 12. 161, 168, 269; return to active service, 10. 325, 11. 31, 360; Washingtons gift, 326, 359; Philadelphia command (1778), instructions, 466, 12. 84, 88, 89, 94, 133, 301, 13. 436; council of war on Monmouth campaign, 12. 75 n ; Indians, 101; militia and pursuit of British 103; letter for, 110; ill., 134, 161, 168; on Estaings arrival, 171; question of naval service, letter, 270, 270 n , 18. 115, 173; raid on Little Egg Harbor, letter, 13. 168, 168 n ; complaint on Board of War, 392; charges against, as Philadelphia commandant, court-martial, reprimand, 479, 14. 80, 418, 420, 442, 443, 448 -- 451, 457, 15. 13, 22, 23, 85, 87, 110, 172, 181, 204, 206 -- 210, 280, 310, 392, 441, 17. 214, 217, 217 n , 249, 262, 286 -- 288, 297, 302, 312, 333, 377, 404, 462, 468, 18. 127, 128 n , 222 -- 225, 19. 474, 20. 370, 24. 27; Philadelphia garrison, 14. 143; aides, 450 n ; leave, 18. 173; child, 174; proclamation to Canadians, letter, 476, 476 n ; West Point command, instructions, conditions under, 19. 91, 309 -- 311, 322, 328, 341 -- 343, 370, 379, 394, 395, 446, 491, 20. 214, 370 n ; and wing command, 19. 302, 302 n ; constructive work, 331, 332; possible British movement, 360, 417, 488, 489, 20. 10: detail, 19. 379; council of war on campaign possibilities (1780), 20. 9 n ; soldiers to thresh grain, 17; Washingtons journey to Hartford, 48; treason: measures to frustrate, 84 -- 89, 92, 92 n , 94, 37. 551; flight, letter, 20. 85, 85 n , 87, 89, 92; Washingtons statements and comments, 88, 89, 91 -- 94, 97, 123, 149, 172, 173, 213, 267; aides, court of inquiry, 89, 225, 228, 229, 359, 442, 443; papers to Andre, 93 n ; Greenes general orders on, 95 -- 97; parole and countersigns on, 96; Sheldon, 131 n ; resignation, letter, 172 n ; attempt to capture, 178 n , 223; address to people, 189; removed from army register, 218; and British invasion from Canada, 230; proclamation to army, 264; summary punishment if captured, 21. 255; as deserter, 447; money reward, 22. 404 n ; -- British command in Virginia, operations, 1. 228 n , 21. 8, 19, 21, 22, 47, 48, 50 -- 52, 138, 152. 161, 191, 197, 289, 313, 342, 37. 552; Petersburg, 22. 138, 155; Lafayettes refusal to recognize, 139; Cornwallis junction, 155. See also Destouches; Lafayette (Virginia); Twentieth Infantry.


  •    Arnold, Mrs . Benedict, services to British, 18. 476 n ; husbands treason, 20. 85 n .


  •    Arnold, Ensign Benjamin, courtsmartial, cashiered, 10. 272.


  •    Arnold, Capt . Jacob, state light horse, proposed service, 11. 80, 247.


  •    Arnold, Jonathan,* Knowlton affair, letter, 25. 407 n , 26. 96, 96 n , 144, 145, 192.


  •    Arnold, Capt . Thomas,* rank, invalid corps, 16. 20; naval service. 22. 78; court, martial, 25. 102; maimed, furlough, 26. 276.


  •    Arnold, Welcome, bears letter, 26. 103.


  •    Arnold, William, court,martial, 6. 42.


  •    Arrack, order, 28. 223 n .


  •    Arrears. See Pay.


  •    Arrell, -- , conveyancer, 13. 409.


  •    Arrell, David, inn, 3. 229 n .


  •    Arrest, officer under, report, 6. 103; breaking, 10. 191, 11. 387, 12. 22, 15. 359, 19. 373, 21. 354, 355, 24. 335; lying in, as punishment, 12. 273, 13. 136, 137, 14. 343; written and verbal, 16. 234; breaking by officer, 18. 142; resisting, 19. 152; power, 152, 153; frivolous causes, 153; returns on officers under, 24. 451; quick trial, 479, and leave, 25. 173; release, 366.


  •    Arrot, René Marie, vicomte d,* countersign honoring, 22. 325; Washingtons regards, 28. 276, 277; office, 276 n .


  •    Arrowsmith, Aaron, map of United States, 37. 193.


  •    Arrowsmith, Joseph, bears letter, 8. 247.


  •    Arsac, Charles Henri d. See Ternay.


  •    Arsenals, laboratories, and armories, detail, recall, 4. 479, 536, 5, 31, 24. 453; establishment, location, 5. 1, 6. 406, 7. 18 -- 21, 10. 398, 23. 139, 146; guard, 5. 89, 167; activity, 7. 301; Carlisle, 9. 74, 20. 443, 445, 11. 113; condition, reform, 10. 350, ll. 315, 334; chief, 113; Philadelphia, 15. 160; Masons dismissal, 20. 231; Albany, 21. 20, 452, 37. 552; in Virginia, 23. 333; New London, 24. 73; peace establishment, 26. 375, 394 -- 396; West Point, 499, 27. 26, 34; federal need, 31. 389, 402, 23. 160, 166; Potomac River site, Harpers Ferry, 33. 443, 463, 505, 517, 34. 129, 242 n , 307, 318, 355, 381, 392, 432, 433, 465, 487, 506, 35. 362, 367, 36. 54, 253, 318, 37. 379, 381, 421; other federal sites, 34. 366. See also Artificers; Magazines; Springfield, Mass.


  •    Art. See Arts and sciences; Engravings; Music; Portraits; Sculpture.


  •    Arthur, Lieut . James, court-martial, 23. 254, 255; service, 254 n .


  •    Arthurs, Capt . -- , British naval officer, parole, 26. 312 n .


  •    Artichokes, seed, 33. 503; slips, 34. 154.


  •    Articles of Confederation. See Confederation.


  •    Articles of War, reading to troops (1755), 1. 257, 395; enforcement, Virginia act, 357, 467; as code for Virginia Regiment, 2. 30, 114; signing (1775), 3. 411, 446, 6. 199; consideration of army regulations, 4. 8; and Child affair, 11; publication, knowledge, 206, 220, 527, 6. 125, 147, 151; amendment, 91, 114, 147 n , 7. 430, 431, 439, 10. 402, 21. 178 180; construing, 10. 488; challenge in court-martial, 17. 238; peace establishment, 26. 385; military code, 391. See also Military law; Muster.


  •    Artificers, returns, 3. 446, 16. 460, 18. 15, 19. 61, 24. 172, 25. 70; pay, abstracts, paymaster, 3. 506, 5. 177, 341, 12. 372, 19. 448, 21. 111, 204, 24. 99, 26. 141, 37. 529; Canadian expedition and Northern army, 4. 494, 497, 500, 5. 147, 13. 397; detail, recall to ranks, 5. 38, 39, 44, 271, 8. 5, 424, 10. 281, 12. 65, 15. 464, 16. 435, 17. 170, 18. 221, 240, 22. 240 n , 24. 453, 25. 39, 300, 303; sailmakers, 5. 78, 80; wheelwrights, 88, 158; artillery, corps, 5. 156 n , 7. 19 n , 20, 21, 8. 37, 10. 277, 18. 15, 20. 21, 21. 402, 24. 99; special corps, enlistment, reorganized, state assignment status, 5. 197, 270, 422, 503, 10. 277, 281, 15. 72, 18. 12, 19. 60, 20. 261, 279, 280, 21. 43, 22. 80, 23. 455; in parade for action, 5. 209; company from Eastern department (1776), 352; and militia call, 7. 143, 37. 552; ropemakers, 7. 203, 204; superintendence, 8. 16; French, 37; in march, 9. 80, 12. 90, 91, 105, 19. 289; lead-workers, 11. 312, 12. 65, 68; combmakers, 11. 352; papermakers, 430; charcoal burners, 12. 232, 318, 17. 241, 19. 162, 353;idling, 12. 282; court-martial, 299, 18. 149, 20. 153, 154; work on machine to destroy shipping, 12. 315; clothing bounty. 408:ration, 422, 13. 174, 15. 472, 482, 16. 320, 24. 60, 229, 233; call, 13. 140, 150; officers, court-martialed, deranged, half-pay, 14. 50 n , 16. 236, 17. 159, 18. 149, 161, 162, 277 n , 480 n , 20. 153, 154, 21. 469; supplies, 14. 85; commandant, 212; masons, 487, 17, 159; in levies, 16. 36; rum, or extra pay, 255, 22. 182; uniform, 16. 388; tentmakers, 424; light corps, 469, 470; new arrangement, 17. 177, 336; recruiting, British deserters, 18. 1, 2, 24. 453; reenlistment, gratuity, 18. 79; terms of employment, 19. 143; Dobbs Ferry works, 360; bakers, 464; road repairs, 20. 140; supplies for families, 21. 2; Fort Pitt, 502; boat repairs, 22. 197, 212; coopers, 335; company for 1782 campaign, cost, 24. 13; company of watermen, 42; West Point works, 133, 137; wagon repairs, 304; noncommissioned officer court-martialed, 311; invalids, 404; hurting, 25. 300, 303; harnessmakers, 325 n ; employment questioned, 26. 219; volunteers for housebuilding, 320 n ; peace establishment, 381. See also Artisans; Baldwin, Jedutha n ; Fatigue; Flower; Benjami n ; trades by name, especially Blacksmiths; Carpenters; Tailors.


  •    Artillery and corps, Braddock expedition, trouble, 1. 116, 118, 122, 124, 132, 144, 157; Fort Loudoun, 2. 80, 136; matériel returns, estimates, 3. 318, 325, 4. 183, 199, 5. 350, 10. 398, 11. 112, 198, 13. 402, 17. 496; commissary, 3. 324, 350, 427; placement 341; personnel returns, 342, 5. 350, 18. 15, 23. 203; pay, 3. 506, 6. 401, 12. 22, 14. 440, 24. 99; Washingtons fleet, 4. 6, 7; officers, promotion questions, rank, new arrangement, 36, 140, 161, 460, 462, 6. 281, 7. 63, 77, 127, 8. 276, 11. 15 -- 18, 63, 64, 66, 127, 134, 135, 303, 12. 10, 45, 71, 320, 321, 414, 418, 420, 429, 458, 459, 13. 77, 14. 192, 193, 294, 330, 15. 50, 80, 89, 95, 96, 170, 236, 381, 458, 464, 496, 16. 55, 57, 58, 75, 76, 173, 179, 259, 17. 310, 485, 18. 196, 272, 273, 277 -- 279, 481, 20. 502, 21. 403, 404, 22. 45, 47, 63, 163, 164, 193, 224, 344, 391, 24. 70; scarcity, needs, 4. 64, 7. 69, 162, 8. 290, 305, 13. 317, 319, 488; Knox and command, 4. 74, 120, 140, 158, 161. 7. 162; establishment of corps, regiments, size, recruiting, 4. 74, 109, 140 n , 6. 280 -- 282, 401, 459, 7. 82, 88, 136 -- 139, 145, 289, 410, 467, 8. 386, 9. 84; Knoxs expedition for cannon, 4. 91 -- 94, 107, 119, 125, 139, 161, 179, 234, 253, 281, 358; state ordnance, borrowing, 182, 10. 316, 19. 210, 22. 448, 24. 52; chap, lain, 4. 307, 13. 71 n ; fixed ammunition, 4. 335, 6. 31, 6. 474; bombardment of Boston, 4. 370, 375, 379, 384, 385; mortars, 371, 380, 5. 416, 492, 37. 530; left by British at Boston, 4. 404, 405, 407, 410, 424, 434, 437, 448; left there by Americans, removal, 5. 41, 49, 311. 27; march to New York, Knoxs instructions, 4. 394, 421, 444, 462 -- 464, 37. 530; status of recovered cannon, 4. 425; Canadian expedition, Northern army, 437, 460 -- 462, 5. 78, 136, 137, 146, 172, 173, 189, 359, 384, 7. 69, 125, 128, 162, 485, 8. 254, 305, 319, 320, 357, 378, 380, 381, 383, 385, 428, 450, 457, 473; from Nassau, 4. 476, 481; temporary command at New York, 492; to South, campaign there, 502, 17. 237, 18. 243, 272, 279, 20. 243, 321, 21. 254, 257, 420, 422, 500, 22. 62; detail, 4. 536, 5. 134, 135, 7. 76, 180, 8, 130, 22. 289; camps, quarters, winter quarters and parks, 4. 536, 537, 5. 38, 10. 181, 12. 248, 13. 71, 323, 351, 418, 17. 117, 191, 198, 211, 215, 19. 323, 431, 20. 337, 353, 354, 24. 135; state and independent companies, arrangement, regimentation, 5. 24, 367 n , 8. 415, 416, 9. 301, 302, 332, 11. 64, 16. 481, 17. 124, 18, 31, 273, 274, 277, 311, 20. 378, 21. 45; preparations at New York, 5. 31; Burbeck case, 34; muster, 43, 44; guard, 72, 167; for small boats, 75, 77, 104, 218; Kings Bridge, 134, 464; artificers, 156 n , 7. 19 n , 20, 21, 8. 37. 10. 277. 18. 15, 20. 21, 21. 402, 24. 99; horses, 5. 197, 7. 121, 8. 452 n , 10. 278, 23. 140; wheels, 5. 233; force and guns at New York, need of gunners, 242, 273 n , 318, 319, 322, 352, 359, 384; defective operation, 294; passes, 320; cannon casting and equipment, 329, 359, 6. 405, 474, 7. 18 -- 21, 146, 301. 441, 8. 318, 323, 396 -- 398, 9. 473, 13. 317, 319, 14. 329; assignments, brigades, 5. 406, 407, 8. 100, 117, 16. 68, 18. 433 n ; Highlands, West Point, 5. 450, 6. 48, 49, 7. 180, 425, 8. 357, 9. 290, 12. 372, 14. 83, 343, 389, 411, 458, 461, 15. 45, 50, 56, 84, 167, 282, 286, 403, 16. 93, 111, 138, 17. 169, 170, 20. 127, 25. 121; left in New York City, 6. 59; New Jersey campaign, 266, 267, 305, 438 n , 439 n , 442, 454; time-expired men, continuance on bounty, 498; establishment for (1777), location, instructions, accounts, 7. 18 -- 22, 32, 69, 139, 146, 332; importation, alteration, distribution (1777 -- 80), 40, 69, 162, 8. 2, 15, 37, 191, 235, 318, 319, 323, 398, 400, 10. 166, 173, 177, 181, 202, 20. 172, 179; (1798), 36. 443; drivers, wagoners, 7. 143. 8. 451, 10. 278; Delaware River posts, 7. 386, 9. 117, 472; detachments, 8. 13, 10. 443, 21. 132, 142, 155; foreign volunteers, problem, Du. Coudray, 8. 76, 148, 149, 159, 187 -- 190, 444, 12. 10, 45; states and continental, return, 8. 110, 290, 15. 45, 50, 56, 84, 16. 74, 75. 22. 152 -- 154, 219, 221, 338, 448; medical treatment, 8. 175; New Jersey movement (1777), 252; alarm formation, 297; losses in action, 307, 359, 370; from Fort Lee, 357; men to a field piece, 457; Philadelphia campaign, march, 460, 9. 8, 24, 116, 119, 125, 126, 129, 131, 169, 180, 226 n , 251, 297, 332, 492; officers and soldiers court, martialed, 167, 168, 170, 439, 10. 258, 404, 434, 500. 11. 19, 57, 143, 252, 263, 356, 387, 12. 49, 353, 354, 15. 49, 105, 17. 507, 20. 153, 22, 101, 116, 133, 134; captured ordnance, from wrecks, distribution, 9. 448, 454, 10. 278, 486, 487, 489, 11. 26, 52, 13. 320, 22. 58 n , 138, 468. 23. 83; line of battle, 10. 139, 20. 187, 23. 147, 25. 86; reform (1778), regulations, arrangement of corps, 10. 277 -- 279, 397 -- 399, 505, 520, 12. 31, 273, 13. 489, 491 n ; clothing, 10. 279, 502, 11. 51, 134, 205, 12. 452, 15. 458, 464, 17. 310, 18. 108, 19. 303; tents, 10. 279; to annoy British shipping, 509, 524, 529; collecting ordnance, 525, 11. 5, 7, 12. 282; ordnance from galleys, 11. 105, 113; siege cannon, 112, 113, 13. 402, 20. 172, 179, 22. 152 -- 154, 219, 221, 338, 448; Monmouth campaign preparations, 11. 113, 120, 167, 407, 466; patrol, 358 n ; states dismissal of officer, 444; Monmouth campaign, 12. 9, 75, 90, 131, 143, 145, 458, 464; postoffice, 172; Tarrytown, 248; frontier defense, Fort Pitt, 319, 371, 13. 373, 15. 37, 17. 351, 502, 18. 111, 112, 118, 389, 21. 324, 27. 104, 106, 108; Stevenss services, reward, 12. 457 n ; forage, officers. 13. 71, 84; march warning (1778), 199; gunnery experiments, 360, 20. 225, 227, 21. 192, 210; French alliance celebration, 14. 122 n ; Detroit plans, 265, 21. 24 -- 26, 33 -- 35; uniform, 14. 341, 15. 50 n , 16. 388, 25. 403; (1798), 37. 52; officers pay arrears, liquidation, 14. 440, 19. 503 -- 505; Iroquois expedition, 15. 29, 214; preference for city post, 50; flags, 50 n ; coast guard withdrawn, 77; rank of commissary general of military stores, 79; restriction on field pieces, 187; heavy guns in movement, 214 n , 227, 402; Eastern department, 271, 17. 99, 268, 269, 271; after Stony Point, 15. 429, 435; brigade major, 16. 36; need of men (1779), 74, 22. 227; infantry reenlistment and transfer, 17. 187, 18. 304; troops in state quotas (1779), 17. 229; Staten Island expedition, 382, 391, 399; inspection, 18. 77, 24. 303, 461, 26. 337; Providence to Springfield, countermand, 18. 217, 244, 338, 412, 412 n ; bounty (1780), 276; platform planks, 365, 379, 413, 19. 122, 139, 22. 184, 196, 24. 247, 250; "grasshoppers," 18. 443 n ; plans against New York City (1780), 460, 19. 178, 20. 386, 387, 424 -- 426; (1781), 21. 209, 210, 238, 22. 126; (1783), 26. 88; light corps, 19. 300, 25. 47; furloughs, 19. 503 -- 505; in reorganization of army (1780), size of regiments, state assignment, 20. 164, 278 -- 280, 339, 378; fuses, 231 n ; discharge of levies 417; condition, force (1781 -- 82), consolidation, 21. 252, 24. 165, 168, 169, 353; for French force, 22. 58 n , 61; blunderbusses and swivels, 199; oil, 252; Yorktown march, 23. 17, 25 n , 42, 59, 60, 76, 82, 99; from French ships, 125, 125 n ; sheepskins, 136; quartermaster, 136; Yorktown siege, 167, 169, 178; Washingtons appreciation, 242; preemption of Yorktown goods, 300; left, in Virginia, exchange, removal, 24. 112 n , 222, 430, 431; disability examination, 25. 8; presentation cannon, Rochambeau, Grasse, Greene, 141, 145, 149, 153, 491 -- 493, 26. 60 n , 27. 28 n , 209, 270; proportion of recruits (1783), 26. 11; German prisoners as recruits, 182; peace establishment, retained force, 381, 396, 397, 27. 34. 142, 257; left by British at New York, 249 n ; refused to militia (1791), 32. 387; additional corps (1794), 33. 356; promotion in federal, 35. 151, 152, 164; founder from France, 152, 163; provisional army: command, 36. 360; officers then, 366; quantity, disposition, 37. 15, 39, 242; regimental organization, 47, 49; lack of gunners, 56; need of instruction, 209; carriage improvements, 355. See also Knox, Henry; Ordnance; Shot and shell; regiments by number.


  •    Artisans, white servants, 3. 289; immigration, 33. 341, 35. 152; British restriction on emigration, 432. See also Artificers; occupations by name.


  •    Artois, Charles Philippe, comte d, in Spain, 25. 394.


  •    Arts and sciences, American Academy, 21. 351, 352, 31. 416; promotion, 28. 433, 30. 493, 494; New York society, 32. 337.


  •    Asgill, Capt . Charles,* reprisal on, 24. 305 -- 308, 326, 330, 365, 366, 441, 455 -- 459, 25. 29, 40, 41, 112, 176 n , 177, 222, 240, 243, 321; status as prisoner of war, 24. 319, 320; treatment, 367; charges against McCurdy, 375; pass for visitor, 469; on parole, 25. 62; French interposition, 295, 297, 359, 360; release, 326, 337, 349, 358, 388, 26. 29; guard dismissed, 25. 367 n ; accusation of Tilghman, calumny, responsibility, criticism, 28. 450 -- 452, 481; aftermath, papers, publicity, 29. 2 -- 4, 26, 102, 125.


  •    Ash Swamp, N. J., 8. 113.


  •    Ashby, -- , bears letter, 7. 180.


  •    Ashby, Lieut . Benjamin, regiment. 19. 199; service, 199 n .


  •    Ashby, Enoch, land lease, 28. 269.


  •    Ashby, Henry, surveying, 1. 7 n .


  •    Ashby, John,* ferry. 1. 6; captain of rangers, post, 193; Indian raids, 193, 204, 209, 321, 326; position, force as escort, scouting, 221, 223, 226, 227, 230; provisions. 225, 282; ammunition, 231; camp irregularities, 264; militia for post, 349 -- 351, 367 n . 368, 371, 373, 374; detachment, 354; stores, 383; pay, 383; force, 435, 436, 438, 490. See also Forts, frontier; Patterson Creek; Rangers.


  •    Ashby, Robert, land. 28. 268, 269, 367.


  •    Ashby, Thomas, son, 1. 6 n .


  •    Ashbys Bent (Gap), 1. 6 n ; Washington land, value, 37. 295.


  •    Ashbys Fort. See Ashby, John.


  •    Ashe, James,* army appointment, 36. 372.


  •    Ashe, Gov . Samuel,* address, 35. 374 n .


  •    Ashes, for soap, 10. 291, 32. 232.


  •    Ashford, George, land, 2. 390, 13. 426, 427, 37. 229.


  •    Ashford, William, land, 2. 390, 13. 426.


  •    Ashford, Conn., route by 13. 101.


  •    Ashleton, Samuel. pilot, 16. 402.


  •    Ashley, Capt . ( Maj .) Moses,* promotion, 18. 474; acting inspector, 19. 313; service, 313 n ; officer of the day, brigade major, 423, 466, 20. 22, 74, 168, 217, 257, 288, 333, 365, 401, 22. 332, 494, 26. 148, 201, 249, 301; at court-martial, 22. 134; detachment, 24. 466, 488; light corps, 25. 46; lines command, 48; intercourse, irregular passes, 52, 174.


  •    Ashley, Thomas, court-martial, 26. 310.


  •    Ashly, Lieut . Benjamin. See Ashby.


  •    Ashmead, Capt . Jacob, soldiers abuse, 9. 167; service, 167 n ; court-martial, 16. 147, 148, 234, 235, 252, 317, 17. 427; resigns, 16. 147 n , 234 n .


  •    Ashmead, John, privateer, powder cargo, 16. 304.


  •    Ashmead, Samuel, school trustee, 33. 148 n .


  •    Ashton, -- , account, 28. 400.


  •    Ashton, Ann (Washington), 32. 29; uncles bequest to heirs, 37. 291.


  •    Ashton, Burdett, wife, 32. 29, 36. 171 n , 37. 291 n ; position, 36. 171.


  •    Ashton, Lieut . Joseph, adjutant, 16. 262; service, 262 n , 21. 110 n ; transfer, 110.


  •    Ashton, Sarah, Washingtons bequest, 37, 291 n .


  •    Asia, H. M. S., movements, 4. 186, 354, 476, 480, 5. 4, 254.


  •    Askew, John, conduct, 2. 388, 389.


  •    Askins, John, land case, 36. 44.


  •    Askins, Joseph, court-martial, 12. 396.


  •    Aspens, for Mount Vernon, 28. 38.


  •    Aspinwall, Dr . William, military surgeon, 4. 161.


  •    Assault, officers on soldiers. fatal. 3. 410, 10. 169, 298, 12. 415, 416, 17. 458, 24. 310; officers on officers, 3. 448, 4. 89, 8. 59, 9. 472, 10. 475, 17. 140 -- 142, 458, 18. 184, 296, 314, 22. 482, 24. 300, 26. 174, 197; soldiers on noncommissioned officers, 4. 136, 327, 8. 60, 10. 500, 13. 137, 17. 344; soldiers on officers, 4. 500, 5. 6, 61, 90, 208, 6. 37, 8. 286, 287, 402, 9. 167, 170, 12. 299, 313, 349, 13. 136, 17. 344, 508, 19. 467. 22. 400, 26. 110, 303, 304; soldiers on soldiers, 5. 24, 95, 16. 479; officers on civilians, fatal, 5. 106, 141, 9. 88, 12. 364 n , 384, 13. 50, 16. 316, 329, 458, 18. 243 -- 245; on market people, 5. 340, 376, 411, 442; noncommissioned officers on officers, 6. 42, 8. 59, 25. 382; officers on sentinels, 9. 89, 22, 421 n ; officer on staff officer, 12. 256; soldiers on provost, 13. 136, 137; officer on noncommissioned officer, 247; staff officer on soldier, 16. 400; soldier on civilian, 17. 138; on women, capital penalty, 19. 224, 372; wagoner on officer, 20. 25. See also Abuse; Crimes; Duel


  •    Assemblies, colonial, and governors. 1. 42 n , 94 n ; necessity of proper military measures, 7. 266; advice to young legislator, 29. 313, 324. See also Virginia Assembly.


  •    Asses, jack, Royal Gift, from King of Spain, 27. 446, 447. 28. 74, 147, 160, 161, 208, 244; from Malta, Lafayettes gift, 209, 244, 309, 423, 29. 59, 74, 94, 95, 143, 168, 186, 260; Royal Gifts journey to Mount Vernon, instructions, expenses, 28. 296302, 309, 359, 385, 399; thanks to king, 360 -- 362, 373, 528; at stud, terms, advertisement, travel, 331, 409, 423, 426, 454, 471, 478, 479, 29. 178 n , 30. 127, 31. 18 n , 34 n , 217, 228 n , 312, 32. 377, 401, 33. 205, 273 -- 275, 278, 279, 283, 284, 295, 297, 336, 34. 112, 498, 508, 37. 104; jenny from Dutch Guiana, 28. 380 -- 383, 29. 79; proposed Spanish gift of jenny, 98; breeding, mules, records, success, 193, 216, 241, 281, 352, 353, 432, 31. 312, 32. 426, 33. 61, 428; milk, 30. 117, carriage mules, 152, 32. 476, 484, 494, 33. 284, 34. 379, 397; Royal Gift to South, treatment, 31. 341, 457, 32. 320, 33. 266, 34. 240. 37. 104; disposal of jacks, 31. 311 -- 313, 341, 457, 458, 36. 35 n , 37. 103, 170 -- 172, 339; young jacks, 32. 295, 35. 287; scarcity of mules, number, 33. 180, 205; mule for Mrs. Lewis, 310, 513; misuse of mules, killing, 428, 447, 35. 378; death of jacks, 37. 103, 104; schedule, 302; feeding, 466.


  •    Associated Loyalists, consideration of conduct, 23. 407, 24. 57. See also Reprisal.


  •    Association. See Nonimportation.


  •    Association, chain of Virginia forts, 1. 379, 382, 386.


  •    Association of Mechanics and Manufacturers of Philadelphia, address, 31. 49 n .


  •    Associations, Virginia, for economy (1780), 19. 334.


  •    Associators of Philadelphia, New Jersey campaign, 6. 314, 318.


  •    Assumption of state debts, contest, 31. 30, 35, 51 -- 53, 73 n ; Virginia attitude, 50 n ; execution, commissioners and Virginia accounts, 94, 95; result, 401; forgery, 32. 6; accusation against Hamilton, 193, 194; Pendletons criticism, 33. 94 n .


  •    Assunpink Creek, action, 6. 468, 468 n ; Washingtons reception (1789), 30. 290, 291 n .


  •    Astiarix, Seneca warrior, 12. 99, 101.


  •    Astin, David. court-martial, 5. 441.


  •    Aston, Phineas, court-martial, 26. 310.


  •    Aston, Thomas, court,martial, 26. 310.


  •    Astronomy, exercises, 1. 5 n .


  •    Athawes, Samuel,* English factor, 2. 378, 394, 37. 502, 509; Fairfax affairs, 3. 218, 28. 468, 29. 360; from England, 297, 314; Young, 459.


  •    Athill, James,* sheep and plant exchange, 36. 426, 427; Mount Vernon, 426.


  •    Atkin, Edmund, scalp bounty, 1. 510 n ; on Warhatchie, 2. 47 n ; Indians with army, conferences, 36, 39, 42 n , 44, 48, 49, 53, 58, 76, 82, 84, 95, 97; Gist, letter, 43 n , 85, 90; jealousy, 53 n ; French prisoner, 58, 61, 67; Indian spies, 97, 114, 115.


  •    Atkinson, -- , shipmaster, 4. 172, 28. 171, 453, 29. 186.


  •    Atkinson, Guy, dog, 36. 114.


  •    Atkinson, Stephen, court-martial, 22. 443.


  •    Atlee, Mary,* relief, 33. 153.


  •    Atlee, Col . Samuel John,* regiment brigaded, 5. 422, 501; musketeers, 426; post, 6. 67; prisoner of war, exchange question, 294, 296, 297, 7. 79, 18. 305; service, 6. 294 n ; brigadiership, 14. 81; Congress, committees, 16. 108 n , 156 n , 21. 80 n . 317, 23. 369 n ; battalion, 18. 230 n .


  •    Atlee, William Augustus, British officer prisoners, 11. 64; bears letter, 23. 442.


  •    Attakulla-kulla, Cherokee, peace, 2. 361 n .


  •    Attorney general, Randolphs appointment, 30. 414, 418, 419, 472; Bradford, 33. 357; search for appointee, 34. 287, 306, 315, 317, 318, 349; Lee, 365. See also Bradford, William; Lee, Charles; Randolph, Edmund.


  •    Attorneys, federal, appointments, 30. 424, 463, 469 n , 470, 31. 10 n , 228, 386, 32. 111, 138, 158, 33. 106, 35. 106, 116, 161, 239 n , 241; neutrality, 32. 451, 455 n .


  •    Atwell, John, army appointment, 37. 334.


  •    Atwood, Frederick E., acknowledgment to, 29. 487 n .


  •    Auchmuty, Mary,* husband, 18. 195.


  •    Auchmuty, Richard, parole to see wife, 18. 195.


  •    Audibert, Philip, pay, 23. 95, 107; office, 107 n .


  •    Auditors, army, need, 4. 272, 5. 253, 254, 8. 442; appointments, personnel, 11. 142, 12. 57 n , 15. 221 n , 254, 16. 80 n , 21. 388 n . 22. 20 n ; at camp, 11. 432, 12. 57; duties, 324; quarters, 15. 221, 291 n ; winter cantonment, 17. 215; clothing, 310; quartermaster department, 19. 168 n ; immediate application, 21. 481; abolished, 24. 7; federal, 31. 293, 296, 298, 418, 419. See also Accounts.


  •    Audley, Virginia estate, 37. 296 n .


  •    Augsburg. congress of, 2. 362.


  •    Augusta, Ga.. British attack, 14. 266; American siege, 22. 216, 218, 341, 367; Indian treaty, 30. 387; presidential tour, addresses and replies, 31. 231, 272, 288 n ; letter from, 288; Jay Treaty, 34. 320; rendezvous, 37. 41.


  •    Augusta , H. M. S., destroyed, 9. 422 n , 423 n , 428, 430, 436, 441, 448 n , 450, 453, 10. 114; spoils from, 9. 473, 474.


  •    Augusta County, Va., protection of frontier, 1. 205; Washingtons tour (1756), 473, 476, 477, 509; want of money, 496; Indian raids, 2. 116, 118, 193, 402; army transportation (1778), 11. 154; excise survey, 31. 239 n. See also Fort Dinwiddie.


  •    Aurora , brig, 35. 124 n .


  •    Aurora , privateer, prize, 18. 276 n .


  •    Aurora , newspaper. See Bache, Benjamin Franklin.


  •    Auspach Regiment, in raid, 15. 416. See also Mercenaries.


  •    Austin. slave, death, 34. 74, 37. 573.


  •    Austin, Capt . -- , marine (?) prisoner of war, 24. 336.


  •    Austin, David, court-martial, 5. 441.


  •    Austin, John, spy, 21. 366, 367 n .


  •    Austin, Jonathan Loring,* Fourth of July address, 28. 526.


  •    Austin, Maj . Jonathan Williams, court-martial, cashiered, 6. 259, 275, 7. 335.


  •    Austin, Samuel, on evacuation of Boston, letter, 4. 377 n ; key, 37. 524.


  •    Auspach Regiment, in raid, 15. 416. See also Mercenaries.


  •    Austria, attitude (1779), 16. 247, 247 n , 248; Dutch affairs (1785), 28. 1, 98, 124, 145, 170, 174, 202, 231, 339, 30. 71; Turkish war, 29. 475, 30. 71, 81, 188; French war, peace, 32. 73, 35. 475, 486; American trade, 161.


  •    Autograph Letters of Washington , material from, 28. 159 n .


  •    Avery, David, soldier, 5. 95.


  •    Avery, Elisha, commissary funds, 4. 61, 163, 5. 223.


  •    Avery, John,* Washingtons federal district houses, 37. 375, 376, 391, 392.


  •    Avery, Richard, unfit recruit, 24. 452.


  •    Avis, Christian, court-martial, 9. 303.


  •    Avistay de Chateaufort See Chateaufort.


  •    Awnings, boughs in camp, 25. 102, 137, 247.


  •    Axel von Fersen, Hans. See Fersen.


  •    Axes, for fort (1755), 1. 246; private order, 2. 332; work with, duty, detail, 5. 135. 9. 286, 297, 10. 181, 307, 11. 312; issue, 10. 243; returns, 12. 111; grinding, 15. 241; Yorktown siege, 23. 116; wood cutting, 25. 60; Oswego expedition, 26. 90; regulations, 343; frontier posts, 27. 94


  •    Axtell William, loyalist, confiscation, 27. 121.


  •    Ayer, Edward E., material from collection, 37. 582 n .


  •    Aylett, Ann, Mrs. Washington, 32. 29.


  •    Aylett, Elizabeth (Dandridge), 3. 174 n .


  •    Aylett, John,* slave affair, 3. 174.


  •    Aylett, William,* Frazer affair, 3. 272; deputy commissary general of purchases, British at Head of Elk, 9. 289; Washington at house, 23. 113 n , 338 n ; daughter, 32. 29.


  •    Aymar, Francois. See Monteil.


  •    Ayres, -- , information, 5. 446.


  •    Ayres, Capt . ( Maj .) Benjamin, Delaware River defense, 9. 371 n ; charges against, 14. 137.


  •    Ayres, Capt . John,* armed vessel, instructions, 4. 303, 304.


  •    Ayres, Capt . Joseph, artificers, 3. 446, 37. 529.


  •    Aycsough, -- , intercepted letters, 3. 399.