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Box 022
1900-11-16 [02201001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to L. O. Howard, November 16, 1900
Reed goes into great detail about the markings of the C. fasciatus and C. taeniatus species of mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-11-16 [02202001] :
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Letter from L. O. Howard to Walter Reed, November 16, 1900
Howard tries to resolve Reed's questions about the markings of the mosquitoes, but also states that there is still work to be done in the identifying process. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-11-16 [02203001] :
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List: American Volunteers for Experimental Yellow Fever, November 16, 1900
This is a list of the names, dates, and hometowns of the American volunteers and also lists the individuals who recruited them for the yellow fever experiments.
1900-11-17 [02204001] :
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Letter from George Miller Sternberg to Walter Reed, November 17, 1900
Sternberg forwards Reed's paper for peer review. He agrees that the inoculation experiments must continue in order to provide scientific proof. He recommends that a search for the yellow fever parasite should begin.
1900-11-17 [02205001] :
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Letter from Lawrence Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 17, 1900
Lawrence Reed describes a baseball game and gives news from the base. He asks his mother to ship a package to him.
1900-11-18 [02206001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 18, 1900
Reed writes that he has found mosquitoes and volunteers for his experiments, and will now proceed with the laboratory work. He comments on newspaper reports about yellow fever.
1900-11-19 [02207001] :
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Letter from Lawrence Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 19, 1900
Lawrence Reed describes his quarters and asks his mother to send him reading material. He sends cash to his sister, Blossom, and warns her to be careful when she is out in public.
1900-11-20 [02208001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 20, 1900
Reed reports that the experimental camp is nearing completion. He notes the effect of cool weather on yellow fever cases and suggests the mosquito as a vector for the disease.
1900-11-21 [02209001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 21, 1900
Reed is sympathetic to his wife's case of gout. He remarks on a bill to Johnnie Moore for work at the Keewaydin house.
1900-11-21 [02210001] :
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Article [in Spanish]: La Fiebre Amarilla Inoculada a los inmigrantes espanoles por medio de mosquitos! November 21, 1900
1900-11-22 [02210002] :
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Article [in Spanish]: Inoculacion por los Mosquitos - Entrevista con el Consul Espanol, November 22, 1900
In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.
1900-11-21 [02210004] :
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English translation [from Spanish] of part of article: Spanish Immigrants Inoculated with Yellow Fever by Means of Mosquitos, November 21, 1900
This is a translation of an article, originally appearing in “La Discusion” (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), in which the rumor of human experimentation is discussed and criticized.
1900-11-21 [02211001] :
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Letter from L. O. Howard to Walter Reed, November 21, 1900
Howard identifies the mosquito Reed is working as the Culex fasciatus. Howard appreciates answering Reed's questions and considers it a privilege. He then acknowledges receipt of Reed's report and informs Reed of his own upcoming publication. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-11-22 [02213001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 22, 1900
Reed expresses concern for his wife's gout, but he also teases her. He relates a newspaper controversy over the yellow fever experiments, particularly concerning the American and Spanish volunteers, and consent forms.
1900-11-25 [02218001] :
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Letter from Lawrence Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 25, 1900
Lawrence Reed writes about post news, correspondence from the United States, and his rank. He notes that Truby is to be post surgeon and believes this will be a favorable change.
1900-11-25 [02219001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 25, 1900
Reed is concerned about his wife's health, but teases her. He discusses work at Keewaydin, and comments on their son's class rank.
1900-11-27 [02221001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, November 27, 1900
Reed mentions the houses constructed at the experimental camp. He describes the experimentation methods and plans. He anticipates a trip to Keewaydin in May.
1900-11-30 [02222001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed and Blossom Reed, November 30, 1900
Reed expresses empathy for his wife's gout. He writes that the experimental camp is almost completed and will soon be ready for work.
1900-11-12 [02223001] :
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Form from the Finance Department, Island of Cuba, November 12, 1900
The form requests $5000 payable from Customs receipts for sanitary work in Cuba.
1900-12-02 [02224001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 2, 1900
Reed describes methods of experimentation and the progress of the work at Camp Lazear.
1900-12-04 [02225001] :
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Letter from Lawrence Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 4, 1900
Lawrence Reed gives post news and notes Truby's comments concerning the yellow fever experiments. He inquires if she will visit at Christmas. He turns twenty-three tomorrow.
1900-12-04 [02226001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 4, 1900
Reed gives an assessment of the criticism directed at the experimental project. He believes that it is unfounded.
1900-12-06 [02227001] :
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Letter from [Carlos Rolff?] to Jefferson Randolph Kean, December 6, 1900
The writer requests a receipt for blank checks forwarded to Kean.
1900-12-06 [02228001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 6, 1900
Reed writes of Emilie Lawrence Reed's health. He discusses finances and plans for their house at Keewaydin. He expresses concern over the experiments since they have not yet achieved positive results.
1900-12-08 [02230001] :
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Fever chart for John R. Kissinger, December 8, 1900
1900-12-09 [02231001] :
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Letter fragment to from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 9, 1900
Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.
1900-12-11 [02233001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 11, 1900
Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.
1900-12-12 [02235001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 12, 1900
Reed teases his wife.
1900-12-12 [02236001] :
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Fever chart for Antonio Benino, December 12, 1900
1900-12-13 [02237001] :
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Letter from William Crawford Gorgas to Henry Rose Carter, December 13, 1900
Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.
1900-12-13 [02238001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 13, [1900]
Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.
1900-12-13 [02239001] :
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Letter from Leonard Wood to the Adjutant General, December 13, 1900
Wood explains that Cuba is largely free from epidemic or contagious diseases and he suggests that commercial relations to be resumed with the island. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-12-14 [02241001] :
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Fever chart for Nicanor Fernandez, December 14, 1900
1900-12-14 [02242001] :
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Letter from Lawrence Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 14, 1900
Lawrence Reed describes a wedding at the base. His friend Cooke will visit Emilie Lawrence Reed.
1900-12-15 [02243001] :
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Telegram from Walter Reed to the War Department, December 15, 1900
Reed states that cases of yellow fever are diagnosed and confirmed from his experiments, which proves the mosquito theory.
1900-12-15 [02244001] :
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Fever chart for Beceinte Precido, December 15, 1900
1900-12-16 [02245001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 16, 1900
Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.
1900-12-16 [02246001] :
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Telegram from Walter Reed to the War Department, December 16, 1900
Reed reports that there are four diagnosed cases of yellow fever within the period of incubation.
1900-12-17 [02247001] :
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Letter from George Miller Sternberg to Walter Reed, December 17, 1900
Sternberg congratulates Reed.
1900-12-18 [02248001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 18, 1900
Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.
1900-12-19 [02250001] :
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Letter from George Miller Sternberg to Walter Reed, December 19, 1900
Sternberg congratulates Reed on the success of his experiments. He hopes Reed can identify the parasite, and thinks it would be desirable to conduct experiments that would involve inoculation with blood from yellow fever cases.
1900-12-21 [02251001] :
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Military Orders regarding precautionary measures against mosquitoes, December 21, 1900
General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-12-23 [02254001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 23, 1900
Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.
1900-12-24 [02256001] :
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Fever chart A for John J. Moran, December 24, 1900
Fever chart A ends on January 2, 1901.
1900-12-25 [02257001] :
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Letter fragment from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, [December 25 or 26], 1900
Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.
1900-12-28 [02258001] :
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Letter fragment from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 28, 1900
Reed describes the round of holiday parties, including one at the governor's palace, in Havana. He injects blood from the last yellow fever patient into a volunteer.
1901-01-01 [02259001] :
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Letter fragment from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, [January 1, 1901?]
Reed writes that the yellow fever experiments have answered his prayers to do some good for mankind.
1900-12-29 [02260001] :
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Letter from Jefferson Randolph Kean to the Treasurer of Cuba, December 29, 1900
Kean acknowledges the receipt of blank official checks.
1900-12-30 [02261001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 30, 1900
Reed writes about Emilie Lawrence Reed's recovery, as well as his toothache. He discusses financial matters, including expenditures at Keewaydin. His last yellow fever patient is recovering.
1900-12-31 [02262001] :
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Letter from Walter Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 31, 1900
This is the famous New Year's Eve letter. Reed's toothache requires cocaine treatment. Reed comments on La Roche's Yellow Fever (1853), and his own role in the historic discovery. He hears taps sound for the old year, and celebrations for New Year's Day. He requests orders to return to the United States in six weeks.
1900-12-31 [02263001] :
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Letter from Lawrence Reed to Emilie Lawrence Reed, December 31, 1900
Lawrence Reed gives his thoughts regarding his father's success in the yellow fever experiments. He makes plans for a visit to a Cuban sugar plantation.
1900-12-00 [02265001] :
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Memorandum of the Misstatements Attributed to General Wood in Published Interviews and Made by him in Formal Communication, by William Ludlow, December 1900
Ludlow states he never concealed the yellow fever statistics, but that they were actually available to the public at all times. Ludlow then criticizes Wood for not giving accurate information to the newspapers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-10-23 [02267001] :
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Military Orders for Aristides Agramonte, October 23, 1900
Special Orders #188 directs Agramonte to Quemados, Cuba. A handwritten note by Hench states his contention that Agramonte did not do any mosquito work for Lazear or Reed until Camp Lazear was operational. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-08-06 [02267002] :
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Military Orders for Lawrence [Walter L.] Reed, August 6, 1900
Special Orders #183 grants commission to Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-10-04 [02267010] :
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Military Orders for A. S. Pinto, October 4, 1900
Special Orders #59 grants Pinto a leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-10-17 [02267011] :
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Military Orders for A. S. Pinto, October 17, 1900
Special Orders #183 extends Pinto's leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-08-06 [02267013] :
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Military Orders for James F. Presnell, August 6, 1900
Special Orders #129 selects Presnell to accompany 2nd artillery. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-09-28 [02267015] :
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Military Orders for Herbert J. Slocum, September 28, 1900
General Orders announce Slocum as the Acting Chief Quartermaster. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-08-24 [02267016] :
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Military Orders for Adolph F. Springer, August 24, 1900 [selected pages]
Special Orders #199 assigns Springer to duty at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. Included are notes by Truby and Hench. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1901-08-15 [02267023] :
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Military Orders for Adolph F. Springer, August 15, 1901
Special Orders #175 commutes rations to Springer and elects Mazzuri to board of officers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1901-10-25 [02267025] :
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Military Orders for Adolph F. Springer, October 25, 1901
Special Orders #234 states that Springer is no longer required for the yellow fever investigation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-04-07 [02267027] :
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Military Orders for Roger Post Ames, April 7, 1900
Special Orders #46 directs Ames to Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-07-07 [02267028] :
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Military Orders for Roger Post Ames, July 7, 1900
Special Orders #54 directs Ames to Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. Included is a note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1901-06-13 [02267030] :
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Military Orders for Roger Post Ames, June 13, 1901
Special Orders #129 relieves Ames of duty at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1901-06-19 [02267031] :
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Military Orders for Roger Post Ames, June 19, 1901
Special Orders #133 directs Ames to the Santa Clara Battery to relieve a contract surgeon. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-08-02 [02267032] :
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Military Orders for Alexander N. Stark, August 2, 1900 [selected pages]
Special Orders #8 elects Stark to a board of officers to deal with compensation for destroyed or damaged property through disinfection procedures. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-09-24 [02267035] :
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Military Orders regarding George S. Cartwright, September 24, 1900
General Orders #4 announces the death of Cartwright and provides documentation of his military career. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-04-16 [02267036] :
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Military Orders for Rafael T. Echeverria, April 16, 1900
Special Orders #49 assigns Echeverria to Military Hospital #1 in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-06-09 [02267038] :
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Military Orders for Robert P. Cooke, June 9, 1900
Special Orders #135 directs Cooke from Boyce, Virginia to Tampa, Florida and then to Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-06-29 [02267042] :
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Military Orders for Robert P. Cooke, June 29, 1900
Special Orders #99 directs Cooke to Quemados, Cuba. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-08-31 [02267046] :
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Military Orders for Robert P. Cooke, August 31, 1900
Special Orders #33 assigns Cooke to a board of officers and then directs him to Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-09-13 [02267047] :
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Military Orders for Robert P. Cooke, September 13, 1900
Special Orders #158 directs Cooke to the ship, Crook, to act as attending surgeon on board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-04-26 [02267050] :
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Military Orders for Rafael T. Echeverria, April 26, 1900
Special Orders #54 directs Echeverria to additional duties in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-06-15 [02267051] :
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Military Orders for Rafael T. Echeverria, June 15, 1900
Special Orders #88 directs Echeverria to temporary duty in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-06-16 [02267052] :
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Military Orders for Rafael T. Echeverria, June 16, 1900
Special Orders #38 directs Echeverria to duty at the camp of civilian non-immunes at Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-06-18 [02267054] :
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Military Orders for Rafael T. Echeverria, June 18, 1900
Special Orders #39 directs a hospital steward and a private to assist Echeverria at the non-immune camp near Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-11-19 [02267057] :
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Military Orders for Newell R. Colby, November 19, 1900
Special Orders #3 directs Colby to special duty under Reed at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
1900-11-02 [02267059] :
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Military Orders for Newell R. Colby, November 2, 1900
Special Orders #74 directs Colby to the board of medical officers to determine his fitness for the position of acting hospital steward. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
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