Reed provides details of the Reed family genealogy.

Reed provides genealogical information on the Reed family. Emilie Lawrence Reed has been with her mother, Hanna Rea Lawrence, after the death of Emilie's youngest brother, Edward F. Lawrence. Reed also comments on the war spirit in Washington.

Lazear regrets that he missed his mother's visit, but that he hopes to see her this week. He also discusses financial issues.

Lazear writes that he has seen his uncle, Thomas Lazear. He also discusses financial issues relating to real estate.

Lazear writes that he plans to spend time at home, although he will have to make regular trips to the laboratory.

Lazear writes that he is leaving for California, although he dreads the long journey.

Sternberg states that Reed is an excellent medical officer and zealous student of medical science as well as an expert pathologist and bacteriologist. The reports are dated June 30, 1896 and July 3, 1896. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear describes his cross-country trip. He discusses a proposed real estate deal.

Lazear visits Mabel Houston.

Sternberg requests that Reed be ordered to Key West, Florida, for Medical Department business, and then to return to Washington, D.C. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear describes life in California. He discusses the weather and his acquaintances.

Lazear discusses the upcoming American presidential election.

Lazear writes about making expeditions into the California mountains. He will leave in two weeks for San Francisco, and plans to meet Sweitzer in Canada.

Reed describes his arrival in Key West and his observation of several smallpox cases in the hospital there. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed writes concerning experimentation. He describes his return from Key West, and mosquito attacks.

Lazear writes about working in Baltimore and his devotion to Mabel Houston.

Reed apologizes for not sending the vaccine earlier and jokes about his devotion to the mango. Reed also is excited about the possibility of [Kean] working in his laboratory. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear writes that he has cancelled his rendezvous with Sweitzer in Canada. His marriage to Mabel Houston is planned for September.

Reed describes his vacation and bicycling. He comments on the upcoming presidential election.

Physician's and Surgeon's Certificate of Registration, State of Maryland, City of Baltimore.

Reed comments on an earlier letter from Kean, briefly mentions his present occupation supervising a laboratory, and encourages Kean to write to him again soon. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed inquires about his father's health, and speaks briefly of politics and his busy work schedule. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

Lazear writes that he has introduced Mabel Houston to his friends in Baltimore.

The trustees of Johns Hopkins thank Lazear for his donation.

Lazear writes about work at the hospital.

Lazear gives Sweitzer medical advice and makes vacation plans.

Lazear expresses concern about Sweitzer's health and offers treatment.

Lazear discusses his mother's planned visit to Baltimore.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming visit to Baltimore.

Lazear writes about life in Baltimore.

Lazear thanks his mother for the birthday gifts she sent.

Lazear discusses his work and notes that he is teaching Clinical Microscopy to post-graduate students. He inquires about family members.

Sweitzer cancels her visit to Baltimore, but Lazear is anxious to meet her in New York before she leaves for Canada.

Lazear writes that he is leaving Baltimore for a vacation.

Lazear writes that he is attempting to gain access to a medical library, even though he is on vacation in Massachusetts.

Lazear writes that he has moved to a boarding house.

Lazear writes about financial issues and invites Sweitzer to join him in Massachusetts.

Lazear writes that he plans to return to Baltimore at the end of August.

Lazear writes that he is returning to Baltimore. Mabel Lazear's mother wishes to meet Sweitzer, so Lazear suggests that she stay in the Boston area next season.

Lazear describes his return trip to Baltimore and provides family news.

Lazear comments on life in Massachusetts. He provides family news and hopes that Sweitzer enjoys her time in Boston.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's visit to the Boston area and her visit with Mabel Lazear's mother, Martha Houston.

Lazear writes about settling into a new house, in Baltimore. He also reports that Martha Houston is disappointed that Sweitzer will not be visiting her.

Lazear writes that he is glad Sweitzer has decided to go to Beverly, Massachusetts.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming trip to Massachusetts.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming visit to Baltimore.

This circular letter gives disinfection instructions to be instigated after a yellow fever epidemic. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear fears that rain will prevent him from visiting Sweitzer. He invites her to come to town to hear a concert and spend the night.

Reed appreciates the care given his father Lemuel S. Reed by his sister. He discusses an African-American nurse for his father, a visit by his nephew Olin Blincoe, and other family news. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

Photo by US Army Signal Corps

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Photo by U. S. Army Signal Corps

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Sternberg writes about yellow fever infection from soiled linen and flies. He proposes measures for disinfection and quarantine to control epidemics.

Sternberg reports on the prevalence of yellow fever in Cuba. He relates the history of yellow fever epidemics, and provides statistics on yellow fever throughout Cuba.

Reed writes about field service in the Spanish War. He worries over his son's enlistment plans. Sternberg has proposed keeping all non-immune medical officers out of Cuba.

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during April 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes that he has not found time to visit Sweitzer. He thanks her for a birthday present, and invites her for a visit.

Reed explains his tardiness in replying to Kean's letter, recounts having asked the Surgeon General, unsuccessfully, for a transfer, and suggests several alternatives for dealing with frustration. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during May 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Lazear writes that he will continue to work next year at the hospital with the same appointment.

Wyman introduces R. D. Murray's paper on yellow fever.

Lawrence Reed assures his mother that he is well.

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during June 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed informs Sternberg that Edward Mason Parker is a most competent physician. [Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine]

Lazear regrets to hear that Johnson is dead. Mabel Lazear is delighted with her present.

Sternberg recommends that Reed be sent to investigate the administration of five general hospitals and division field hospitals. Endorsements and the special orders giving approval are included and dated July 30, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during July 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed and Hopkins report on their inspection of the 1st and 2nd Division Hospitals at Camp Alger. They recommend additional tents and obtaining the services of two contract surgeons. The documents are dated July 31, 1898 and August 6, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The authors urge that the American Line from Santiago transport soldiers to the North. Attached to the telegram is a note dated August 4, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Patton, on behalf of the Louisiana State Board of Health, thanks the U.S. Marine Hospital Service for their assistance in stamping out yellow fever at Camp Fontaine Bleau and McHenry.

These special orders include a section appointing Reed, Vaughan, and Shakespeare to a board for the purpose of investigating the cause of the prevalence of typhoid fever in U.S. military camps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear expresses his hopes that Sweitzer will visit him.

Lazear wishes Sweitzer a nice trip to New York, and informs her they haven't found a house yet.

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during August 1898 as well as on detached service. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes that he may see Sweitzer tomorrow. He has vacation time and so may visit South Yarmouth.

Lazear writes that many of his old friends are connected with the Army.

Lazear writes about his vacation on Nantucket Island.

On behalf of the city of New Orleans, Souchon thanks Carter for his assistance.

Reed suggests several methods to determine whether patients have typhoid or malarial remittent fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Corbin authorizes Reed and members of his board to stop at Knoxville. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear discusses his travel plans. He reports that Martha Houston is sorry Sweitzer didn't visit.

Lazear writes about searching for a new house.

Lee presents Reed with a corps badge for sanitary inspection services.

Lazear acknowledges receiving Sweitzer's check.

Sternberg requests an order to direct Reed from Washington to the Natural Bridge, Virginia, on Army business. The letter, endorsement, and special orders are dated October 19, 1898. An additional document is dated July 20, 1898 and concerns an order to Reed to inspect hospitals. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed expresses his feelings about leaving Camp Onward. He will make lieutenant in a year.

Lawrence Reed requests items from home. He expects to be shipped out soon.

Reed's letter and Sternberg's endorsement suggest that Natural Bridge, Virginia, is not a suitable location for an army hospital due to the condition of the buildings and transportation issues. The documents are dated October 28, 1898 and October 30, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever and on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during September 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever, investigated buildings at Natural Bridge, Virginia, and was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during October 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed says he will be sent to Cuba with his military unit.

Lazear writes that he will try to see her soon.

This is a biography of Lemuel S. Reed, the father of Walter Reed.

Lawrence Reed will leave for Cuba tomorrow.

Sternberg recommends that Agramonte proceed to Havana to study the cause and prevention of yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed arrives safely at Camp Onward.

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during November 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed describes his life in the military and a social outing.

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during December 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Krassin inquires about the reported death of Reed in Cuba. A request is made for Reed to serve as a member of a board. A note dated July 17, 1900 states that Reed forwarded an efficiency report. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In addition to the topics mentioned in the title, this report by Davis, the Chief Sanitary Officer in Havana, Cuba, includes a sanitary report and the number of cases of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Photo by US Army Signal Corps

Lawrence Reed writes, en route to Cuba, that he will land tomorrow.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Reed details his activities for the month of December 189[8]. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed writes about his life in the military. He did not receive his mother's Christmas letter. He wants to save some money and send them some gifts from Havana.

Wood regrets missing a visit with Reed before leaving Washington for Cuba. He has seen Reed's son in Havana and reports that he is doing well.

Wyman places Carter in charge of all quarantine matters in Cuba, except for the province of Santiago.

Reed details his activities for the month of January 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed comments on family members. Lawrence Reed is in Cuba.

Lazear is glad to hear that his mother and Martha Houston are enjoying each other. He informs Sweitzer that Mabel Lazear has gone into labor.

Lazear informs Sweitzer that Mabel Lazear has given birth to a son, William Houston Lazear.

Carter discusses quarantine and maritime sanitation in Cuba. Carter has already had yellow fever, so he does not fear infection.

Lazear reports that Mabel Lazear is recovering nicely.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps

Lazear regrets that Sweitzer's trunk has not yet been sent.

Reed congratulates Kean on his promotion to Colonel. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed details his activities for the month of February 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Courtesy of U.S. Army Medical Museum

Vaughan and Reed submit a report about their examination of three crematories at Washington Barracks. They ascertain that none of the models submitted by inventors meet all the conditions required by the Army. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This report lists camp conditions and the buildings that have been completed for the military hospital in Havana, Cuba.

Reed details his activities for the month of March 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Courtesy of the U.S. Army Medical Museum

Reed tells Kean that their efforts to have Reed's son, Lawrence, scheduled for a board of review for promotion have failed, and thanks him for all his kindness to Lawrence. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

These five memorandums concern a missing letter, called the “Round Robin letter,” in which the 5th Army Corps general officers recommended that the Army be pulled from Cuba and sent north. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Agramonte informs Sternberg that during the past several weeks there have been very few cases of yellow fever from which he could obtain material for research. Attached to the letter is a note by Truby stating that Agramonte and Carroll assisted Reed in the lab in 1898.

Sternberg recommends that Reed go to Havana, Cuba, to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals near Puerto Principe, with particular attention to the prevalence of typhoid fever.

Sternberg directs Reed to inspect the camps, barracks, and hospitals occupied by U.S. troops in the vicinity of Puerto Principe, Cuba, and to make any necessary recommendations for improvement. He is to report on the prevalence of typhoid or other infectious diseases.

Sternberg recommends that Reed be directed to proceed to Havana to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals in the area of Puerto Principe. Reed is also supposed to report on the causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever. Additional letters, endorsement and special orders relating to this recommendation are included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed writes that he visited the Vedado Post to see their son. Lawrence Reed was given a 24 hour leave to go to Havana with him.

Reed writes about his vacation and relates his plans to go to Puerto Principe.

Lazear writes that he will try to see her, and that he is planning a trip to Washington to show specimens to the medical association.

Truby is appointed to a general court-martial.

Reed discusses personal finances. He will send her money.

Jefferson Randolph Kean discusses family news and life in Cuba.

Finlay discusses the theory that mosquitoes can transmit malaria and yellow fever. To bolster his case he describes Koch's work with the tick that transmits Texas Fever. He writes about the effect of temperature on mosquitoes, and suggests that measures be taken to eliminate mosquitoes and prevent their entry into houses.

Reed details his activities for the month of April 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed details his activities for the month of May 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed sends Blincoe money.

Truby is assigned to the hospital ship Terry.

Sternberg sends checks for research-related expenses.

Lazear provides news about the new baby.

Lazear writes about family news.

Agramonte describes his work with yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The military career of Edmunds' is outlined until his death from yellow fever on June 18, 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wyman issues new orders to Carter, making him the quarantine officer at the port of Havana.

Kean considers sending his family back to the United States because of the risk of yellow fever.

Lazear thanks Sweitzer for providing so much help. He discusses his lodgings and his work at the hospital.

Lazear writes that he received her last letter.

Reed details his activities for the month of June 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood is sorry to have missed Reed.

Lazear reports on the health of Mabel Lazear and their child.

Carter discusses his public health work in Cuba. He comments on the American presence in Cuba.

Louise Kean provides news about yellow fever.

Kean discusses the mystery of yellow fever, its effects and spread. He comments the state of sanitary conditions at the newly built Camp Columbia.

Wood provides news of a yellow fever epidemic among American troops.

Reed details his activities for the month of July 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's efficiency report is for the year 1899. Included is a report that gives an account of Reed's services from November 1, 1898 to May 10, 1899. He is noted to be an expert pathologist and bacteriologist. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In a Yellow-fever Camp: How the Pestilence Made Its Presence Known in Siboney---The American Hospital Tents in the Mountains--A Brave Physician and His Scanty Equipment

Agramonte reports on his study of yellow fever from a bacteriological standpoint while at Santiago. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood writes concerning the appointment of the Secretary of War. He describes actions taken by the military to avoid yellow fever.

Truby is relieved from the Eighth Infantry; he is to report to the post surgeon for duty.

Kean, Brewer, and Truby are appointed to investigate the loss of medical supplies at Columbia barracks.

Reed details his activities for the month of August 1899. His report is acknowledged. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear relates family news and his living situation.

Reed writes that he misses her and that he is imagining how beautiful things are back at home. He mentions the Dreyfuss Affair and says the journalists believe France is close to revolution.

Lazear provides family news.

Sosa leases the San Jose farm.

Reed is directed to proceed from Washington, D.C. to Fort Thomas, Kentucky. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear discusses his new lodgings and provides family news.

Rossiter reports on the recent epidemic of yellow fever at Cabana Fortress in Havana. He describes the patients and their symptoms as well as the disinfection of clothing, bedding, and property.

Reed details his activities for the month of September 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear reports that he has been busy since the start of medical school. He discusses the growth of his child.

Lazear writes about his child.

Reed writes about an experiment with pigs and work involving the bacillus icteroides.

Lazear provides family news and inquires when to expect Sweitzer.

Reed details his activities for the month of October 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Herron offers Lazear advice on the sale of a lot adjacent to Lazear's Denniston Avenue property.

Saleeby describes in detail a fever epidemic at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. He asks for the Surgeon General's opinion on the diagnosis. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Godfrey writes a confidential letter requesting the reassignment of Dr. Alden and Dr. Jackson, who do not work well with him.

Agramonte is informed that his contract as contract surgeon with the U.S. Army will be annulled on January 15, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The writer discusses endemic centers of yellow fever and the origin of the disease.

LePrince reports on the effectiveness of the malaria control in railroad cars. LePrince also comments on the anti-malaria work in Georgia and Tennessee.

This list provides names of the medical officers of the Department of Cuba and the names and duties of hospital corps men and privates.

This Act increases the pension provided to Mabel Lazear.

LePrince writes to Carter about the ongoing anti-malaria work and a conference they attended. [enclosed: a note on the use of wave action to control mosquitoes]

Connor describes the progress against yellow fever in Mexico. He would like to have Carter's yellow fever articles translated into Spanish.

[Hench?] instructs Schnurr in typing a document for him.

The editor praises the work of Reed, Lazear, Carroll and Agramonte as having laid the foundation for all future efforts against yellow fever and malaria. Carroll is singled out for commendation and called a martyr.

US Army A.A.F. Photo.

Carter informs the Board that yellow fever has broken out in Peru and the Peruvian government is seeking help. Carter offers to stay, but will be unable to do field work.

[Carter] sends Connor a historical epidemiological study of yellow fever in Mexico and Central America for his comments.

Truby discusses Carroll's career.

Andrus describes the work of the Yellow Fever Board and his role as a volunteer. He provides exacting lists of his fellow volunteers and their cases of yellow fever.

[Hench?] lists names and addresses of persons connected with his work on the history of the yellow fever experiments.

This list records names and addresses of persons in the United States and Cuba who received copies of "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."

This document lists books, formerly owned by Walter Reed, which Blossom Reed is attempting to sell.

Barber excerpts selections of recollections by Henry Rose Carter of malaria in Virginia and around Cairo, Illinois. He would like to use these selections in a publication.

Howard reflects on his lifetime of work with mosquitoes. He includes a transcript of a January 13, 1901 letter from Walter Reed describing the success of Reed's experiments. A transcript of a February 20, 1902 letter from Ronald Ross discusses Ross' work in Africa.

This draft of Wood's biography of Walter Reed was written for young readers and was eventually published by Julian Messner, Inc.

This partial manuscript of Moran's autobiography describes his early life, military career, service as a sanitary inspector under Gorgas in Panama, marriage, and business ventures. He discusses his relationship with Hench and their search for the actual site of Camp Lazear, as well as the difficulties stemming from the Reed-Finlay controversy. The section of the draft covering the yellow fever experiments is missing.

Gertrude [s.n.] expresses condolences on the death of Henry Carter.

Welch extensively describes Reed's work at Johns Hopkins.

Kosslow writes a succinct but vivid account of Walter Reed's life, dealing with his work on typhoid and yellow fever.

Sturgis sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Schnurr gives [Lawrence?] Reed her address.

Emilie Lawrence Reed provides information on Walter Reed's favorite pet and her family life for Kelly.

LePrince discusses field work in Texas to control the outbreak of yellow fever.

[Carter?] details ways to prevent the proliferation of mosquitoes.

Photo by Cuban Tourist Commission, Havana (Cuba)

Reeve sends Hench the copies he requested.

Hutchison discusses Hench's visit.

The author discusses the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes.

Kissinger describes the yellow fever experiments and comments on the men involved. He also describes the experience of suffering from yellow fever and the treatment for the disease. Kissinger remarks on inaccuracies in the play "Yellow Jack." He maintains that he volunteered before Moran.

[Carter?] discusses the history of malaria in England.

Lambert thanks Truby for allowing to read his manuscript. He speaks highly of Ames and provides information about Lazear's funeral.

The unknown author describes the settlement for lepers that Carter established in Panama.

Carter writes in order to make a reservation for an upcoming meeting.

Moran's translation of entries made in Rojas' journal are certified by Rojas' widow as conforming in tenor to the original.

Moran's translation of entries made in Rojas' journal concern payment by Kean for the use of land on the San Jose farm by the yellow fever commission

[Carter] advises the chairman of the National Malaria Committee to reconsider abolishing a subcommittee that helps promote education in the fight against malaria.

[Carter] discusses the prevention of yellow fever, including past experiments involving control of the human host vs. control of mosquitoes.

Carter describes early epidemics of various diseases, some of them mistaken for yellow fever. He differentiates between yellow fever and malaria, describes different mortality rates, and lists characteristics of yellow fever.

This map shows the area around Camp Columbia, Cuba.

This list gives names and salaries.

Kelly asks Cullen to assist Sears.

The writer details Carter's career, ending with his mitigated retirement.

This document describes items related to yellow fever in detail; including letters, reports, medical charts, medals, artifacts, books, photographs, interview transcripts, magazines, and sketches.

Goldbacher sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Griffitts reports on the breeding of Anopheles in salt water, mainly in Virginia.

Carter writes about his surroundings.

Henry Carter informs Laura Carter that he has been working on manuscripts. Henry Carter invites her to visit him.

Frye sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Laura Carter requests books from the Library of Congress for use in a yellow fever bibliography.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

Thomas sends a contribution for Kissinger.

[Hanson] suggests details for Dunn's investigation of mosquitoes.

Carter reports on yellow fever in Venezuela and Colombia.

Watson discusses the possibility and ramifications of yellow fever spreading into Asia and the Indian sub-continent.

Laura Carter informs Russell that she left the Ravenel correspondence with Read, but did not use it because her father's book ends before Reed's yellow fever work commenced.

The Luther M. Cornwall Co. informs Hench which books are available for sale.

Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.

[Lambert] answers twenty-one questions dealing with the yellow fever experiments at Camp Lazear. He describes how he assisted with the care of the patients, the work of female nurses, his involvement with the sanitary work, and an incident in which he broke quarantine to get Ames' help with his patient, Andrus.

[Carter] writes about the weather and his daughter, Laura.

[Carter?] proposes census questions that would assist anti-malarial work.

Detailed report on the history of yellow fever by H.R. Carter which includes areas such as geographical distribution, etiology, conveyance, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prophylaxis.

Truby describes his experiences and observations in Cuba from 1898-1902, focusing on Lazear's story.

Student of Yellow Fever: Dr. Lazear Really Sacrificed His Life to Science

Barret offers Laura Carter condolences on the death of Henry Carter and reminisces about him.

The report describes efforts to pass a Congressional bill honoring the yellow fever volunteers and securing pensions.

Fragment of newspaper article relating to details of Carter's incubation theory

Pinto describes Reed's use of mosquitoes acquired from Finlay and the first experiments with volunteers.

Truby sends sketches locating the Camp Columbia surgery and Lazear's house, attached to an explanatory note.

Kean describes Reed's illness, death, and funeral.

This memorandum discusses the possibility that malaria originated in the Americas.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

This document records Kean's pulse, temperature, urine, stool, diet, medicine and remarks during his bout with yellow fever.

This report supports Ames' inclusion in the Act, approved February 28, 1929, to recognize the public service rendered and disabilities incurred as voluntary subjects for inoculation during the yellow fever investigations in Cuba.

[Carter] proposes that the International Health Commission carry out an experiment involving the control of malarial mosquitoes. He includes a detailed procedure for such an experiment.

Photo by National Library of Medicine.

Dr. Carter Off Today

This biography focuses on the reasons why Ames should be included with the Yellow Fever Board and the volunteer soldiers in the Roll of Honor.

This document details Agramonte's career; from April 18, 1898 to June 15, 1903.

This report gives a brief description of Reed's titles and duties for the year 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Diagram of Columbia Barracks Post Hospital. Included are notes written by [Hench].

This editorial lauds Carroll's achievements and supports the funding of a pension for his widow.

Carter provides Rosenau with notes from his book on yellow fever. He discusses the origins of yellow fever, as well as other points about yellow fever and malaria.

[Carter] reports on bodies of water in the South.

Bridges provides the military record of Roger Post Ames.

Carter and LePrince describe a planned pond and the mosquito control measures that should be undertaken in constructing and maintaining it.

[Frost's?] notes describe Carter's study of yellow fever incubation periods prior to Reed's experiments.

Darling writes that he has not found abnormalities in blood of yellow fever cases. He had hoped to join the yellow fever work, but has been advised to stay with Department of Hygiene, in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

This document provides a brief overview of Agramonte in terms of his family, public offices in the U.S., professional memberships, and original articles published.

This document gives a brief account of Carter's education, work, and achievements.

These are original lists of men undergoing the yellow fever experiments, with an autograph note by Hench.

This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.

Mosquito Control Ends Fatal Plague of Yellow Fever

The Virginia Board of Health will have control over all impounded waters in matters affecting public health.

This article, which appeared in "Outlook," discusses efforts to memorialize Walter Reed.

Hanson estimates funding needed from the International Health Board for the Peruvian yellow fever campaign, with the employees and salaries for the different locations listed.

This bill is meant to regulate the impounding of water.

The list of Reed's publications includes articles on Trikresol, typhoid fever, variola, bacillus icteroides and bacillus cholerae suis, and yellow fever.

This table charts the inoculation of individuals bitten by mosquitoes. Some of them develop yellow fever.

This map features autograph comments and sketches depicting buildings on the Rojas farm, quarries, and the surviving Camp Lazear structures.

This map features autograph comments and sketches depicting buildings on the Rojas farm, quarries, and the surviving Camp Lazear structures.

This is a pencil sketch that shows the plan of a proposed Cuban-American Medical Memorial, in Havana, with Camp Lazear Building No. 1 as the centerpiece.

This Florida ordinance forbids untreated water collection, specifies treatments for collected water, and permits inspection and charges for violations.

Explains Flying Resistance of Mosquitoes

Peake sends Laura Carter a copy of a story she has written on the work of Henry Rose Carter and William Gorgas in ridding Panama of yellow fever.

Peake's story on the work of Henry Rose Carter and William Gorgas in ridding Panama of yellow fever includes excerpts from Laura Armistead's Panama diary.

Carter's abstract summarizes the yellow fever article in Nelson Loose Leaf Medicine.

The writer believes Cuba should not be quarantined until yellow fever appears again.

This is a poem about Chinese lovers, by Henry Carter's son.

These excerpts detail orders for Reed to give talks at various health conferences. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carter discusses ways to modify a pond in order to minimize mosquito infestation.

This map shows a section of Panama City and highlights various businesses.

[Carter?] notes deal with mosquitos.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

To Be Named in Honor of Dr. Lazear

Progress at the Hopkins

Notes describe the New York Academy of Medicine's acquisition of Walter Reed's notebook on the yellow fever experiments. [The notebook had somehow come into the possession of Reed's former laboratory assistant, John S. Neate.]

Five New Cases in Cienfuegos

This document, primarily in Spanish, provides an overview of Agramonte in terms of his family, work history, professional conferences attended, professional memberships, and original articles published, from 1894-1926.

These reports describe Agramonte's duties and leaves of absences for the months September to November 1900. Included are notes written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Tate analyzes the checkbook stubs for Camp Lazear. He thinks that Lambert has reason to feel upset, because he nursed yellow fever patients and the only extra check made out to him was for $20.

This form letter from DeWitt solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.

This form letter from DeWitt solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.

DeWitt solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.

Cabrera writes about the history of the Pedroso Palace in Havana, Cuba.

Von Mansfelde writes that he is eager to see that Carroll and Lazear receive due credit for their yellow fever work.

Would Honor Dr. Reed

These notes compare Truby's designation of locations on the Columbia Barracks Post Hospital map with comments by Andrus.

This typescript deals with Hench's discussion of the recently discovered notebook containing the lab notes of Lazear and Reed. Hench credited Laura Wood with the discovery. The speech was given before the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynecologists and Abdominal Surgeons.

The conference includes Noguchi, Flexner, White and Rose and involves yellow fever in West Africa.

This bibliography lists the articles on yellow fever and malaria written by Carter.

This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.

Carter reports on the breeding habits of the Anopheles mosquito.

The writer briefly discusses the content of Carter's "History of Yellow Fever."

[Carter] discusses the infective properties of yellow fever and the influence of his work on Reed and Lazear.

Hanson requests a copy of Carter's article on the incubation period of yellow fever, from 1900.

Photo by US Army Medical Museum

McPherson describes two photographs; one shows Dorsey McPherson and Cruse in New Mexico, while the other shows them years later in Washington, D.C. They are the two surviving officers of Fort Apache.

[Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps]

Trinity Hall Closing Day - Tablet Unveiled in Memory of the Late Jesse William Lazear, M.D.

Carter describes the effect of impounded water level variation on the control of Anopheles breeding, reviewing work done by himself and others in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama.

Death Of Mr. J.W. Lazear

Great Frenchman Once Lived in Waverly

This is an unsigned manuscript on impounded waters, which details public health regulations, worker conditions, and the bodies of water themselves.

[Carter] writes Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, the Finlay controversy, and how the discovery of the mosquito as the vector of transmission for yellow fever relied on the work of many contributors.

Heroism in Medical Investigation

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear

[Carter] starts a letter to Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, Finlay, and patients with yellow fever.

Hanson writes about the reason for coming to Peru, the conditions found on his arrival, and the difficulties encountered. He discusses the various diseases identified and the causes of the general sanitary problems. Hanson presents remedies for the present conditions and discusses the possibility of the public and the Peruvian government accepting foreign aide.

The writer outlines the reduction in malaria in the United States and discusses probable causes.

[Carter] reports on the prevalence of mosquitos along the Yadkin River.

Carter discusses the sanitary issues surrounding yellow fever.

This account details a list of expenses incurred for stenography, typing, office supplies, and taxi fares to the Library of Congress.

Deaths of yellow fever in the city of Havana in military and civilians between 1871 and 1900.

Pemberton thanks Hench for giving a speech to her club.

Holman requests a copy of Hench's article, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."

Autograph notes by Hench identifying the errors in Hemmeter's journal article entitled "Major James Carroll," published in Janus 13: 57-72 and 150-176; 1908.

This is a review of Snow's work published by John Churchill in 1853. The author of these notes is unknown.

CThe chronology begins in 1898 with the Spanish-American War and ends in March 1901.

Notes on Carroll's typhoid fever experiments in 1904.

The author analyzes the death rates of Cubans from malaria and yellow fever.

The writer offers a political explanation for Ross's actions.

Wood provides Wormley's address and informs Hench that Howard is still alive.

This obituary encourages friends and admirers of the late Jesse Lazear to contribute to a fund for a Memorial in his name.

Typed notes [by Philip S. Hench?] on James Carroll's typhoid fever experiments in 1904.

[Carter] writes about his travel plans and work.

Woldert suggests allowing tobacco to macerate in kerosene oil as a means to kill mosquito larvae quicker and in a more dilute solution than plain oil. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lawrence Reed describes New Year's parties at two Cuban sugar plantations. He laments Bessie's marriage.

Sternberg stops the annulment of Agramonte's contract. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed discusses finances and his plans for Keewaydin. He describes a visit inland and jokes about his weight.

Welch gives a recommendation for Jesse W. Lazear. Included is a handwritten note by Truby.

Reed states that the mosquito theory for the propagation of yellow fever is a fact, not a theory. Reed's postscript gives credit to Kean for cleaning measures against the mosquito. [Reed mistakes the year, it should be 1901, not 1900.]

Reed states that the mosquito theory for the propagation of yellow fever is a fact, not a theory. Reed's postscript gives credit to Kean for cleaning measures against the mosquito. [Reed mistakes the year, it should be 1901, not 1900.]

In Special Orders #11, Echeverria and Ames are appointed to a board of officers to qualify men for the position of hospital steward. Included is a note written by [Hench]. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed details his duties for the month of January 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #17 transfers Andrus to the Hospital Corps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear is ordered to report to Tampa, Florida, for transfer to Columbia Barracks, Cuba.

Lazear's army contract has been received.

Cuban Investigator Victim of His Investigations

Lazear provides travel details.

Lazear provides travel details and reports that his son is well.

Lazear describes his journey and Cuba.

Lazear describes his domestic arrangements in Cuba.

Special Orders #24 directs enlisted men to Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear describes his domestic arrangements and gives his opinion on the Cuban political situation.

Carter discusses sea travel and finances.

Carter writes that he has been delayed en route to Cuba. He gives directions for farm work.

Bonzi informs Carter that a vaccine is being shipped by the Rockefeller Foundation.

Reed details his duties for the month of February 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear provides his impressions of Cuba.

Special Orders #51 orders Reed to Tampa, Florida and then back to Havana, Cuba on business pertaining to an investigation of electrozone as a disinfectant and germicide. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg terminates Agramonte's contract. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This report guards against the introduction and spread of yellow fever. The symptoms of yellow fever are clearly outlined.

Lazear reports that the Secretary of War, Elihu Root, will visit the camp. He discusses his laboratory work.

Lazear describes the camp location and commanders. He offers his opinion of Cubans and reports that Mabel Lazear will leave for the United States before the fever season quarantine begins.

Lazear, writing as William Lazear, describes his son's daily life.

Lazear writes that he will assist Reed in an investigation of a disinfectant. He offers his opinion on the political situation in Cuba.

Louise Kean writes about family news and political intrigue in Marianao. She comments on Cuban politics.

Clarissa provides news about family and friends. She comments on the movie “Yellow Jack.”

Special Orders #42 orders Agramonte to report to the Chief Surgeon in Havana for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes that his workload will be lighter after Reed leaves. He reports that his son is well.

Selected pages of the report give statistics regarding deaths in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Louise Kean mentions a mutiny on the Sedgewick and a reception for Senators at the governor's palace. Either Jefferson Randolph Kean or Gorgas will be named Chief Surgeon of the Department.

Special Orders #44 directs surgeons and hospital stewards to various posts. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed details his duties for the month of March 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home. He has finished a paper on malaria but will still do more research. He is currently doing bacteriological work.

Special Orders #46 directs Ames to Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Louise Kean writes to her mother about consultations to secure Jefferson Randolph Kean's position as Chief Surgeon of General Lee's Province.

Special Orders #83 directs Gorgas and Kean to Pinar del Rio, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home and his son's health.

Carter offers his observations of Havana.

Special Orders #49 assigns Echeverria to Military Hospital #1 in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard inquires about the whereabouts of the mosquitoes Lazear sent up from Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reports about his investigation of electrozone in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear reports that there is little chance of getting leave.

[Carter] describes a storm at sea through which they have sailed.

Havard is announced as Chief Surgeon of the Division. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed mentions the Surgeon General was disgusted with actions by DeWitt and Gorgas. Reed congratulates [Kean] on becoming Chief Sanitary Officer of Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Special Orders #69 assigns Agramonte to the Department Laboratory. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Louise Kean writes about quarantine and sanitation rules for yellow fever in Cuba, Jefferson Randolph Kean's work in Havana, and her plans to leave Cuba.

Special Orders #54 directs Echeverria to additional duties in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear offers his opinions on Cuba.

Lazear writes about his living arrangements and his laboratory. He discusses the political situation in Cuba.

Carter describes his life in Cuba. He discusses the Cuban-American political situation.

Reed details his duties for the month of April 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lambert informs Truby that the woman who worked with Warner in caring for Lazear and Carroll died shortly after returning to the U.S.

Lazear writes that he misses watching his son grow and the comforts of home.

Howard discusses his work with different types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed is unable to help Howard with his mosquito investigation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg asks Agramonte to settle a question whether the infectious agent of yellow fever is present in the blood. Sternberg also includes an excerpt of his report on Ruiz, which should help Agramonte's experiments. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill has passed the House.

Lazear provides family news.

Sternberg orders Reed and Carroll to Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases, especially yellow fever. This requires the establishment of a Medical Board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #122 establishes the Medical Board, consisting of Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte, at Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark reports of yellow fever cases at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg instructs Reed on the numerous experiments he should conduct in the investigation of infectious diseases. Also included are notes by Hench and Truby expressing their personal views of Sternberg's instructions. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about family plans for the summer. He is pleased to be named a member of a board to study infectious diseases, headed by Walter Reed.

Civil Orders #5 creates a board of medical examiners to examine cases of yellow fever and/or suspicious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed details his duties for the month of May 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Telegrams to the War Department report individual deaths, including those from yellow fever, from June 10 to June 20, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Telegrams to the War Department report deaths from June 1 to June 10, 1900, some by yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Telegrams to the War Department report deaths caused by yellow fever from May 8 to May 30, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed acknowledges the receipt of a check for $50.00 for use in the Medical Board's research.

Carter writes about his life and being homesick.

Carter writes that he has just finished an article on Havana yellow fever statistics. He gives his son academic advice.

Stark reports cases of yellow fever.

Special Orders #130 transfers Neate to Quemados, Cuba to report to Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear reports on medical cases suspected of being yellow fever in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean provides reasons for infection of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks and possible ways to prevent spread of disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The writer gives a yellow fever case history, among others now lost.

These endorsements regard the relationship between the laundry facilities and the spread of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks.

Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter the town of Quemados, Cuba.

Saleeby writes about the epidemic that afflicted Columbia Barracks in late 1899 and describes the symptoms of the disease.

Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter a saloon where yellow fever broke out. Endorsements are dated June 6 to June 8, 1900.

Orders with endorsements request disinfectants for Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about family plans. He explains the work of the investigative board and is glad that Reed will be its leader.

Special Orders #135 directs Cooke from Boyce, Virginia to Tampa, Florida and then to Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark responds with a facetious remark to a request for carbolic acid for sanitary purposes at Columbia Barracks. Endorsements are dated June 9 to June 15, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear plans for Sweitzer to visit him next winter.

Louise Kean writes about daily life in Cuba and cases of yellow fever in Havana and on the Post.

Special Orders #88 directs Echeverria to temporary duty in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark gives a detailed report on the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados, Cuba and Columbia Barracks, Cuba. Stark claims that Mrs. Henry S. King is the first case of yellow fever. A Medical Board with Ames, Lazear, and three Cubans is created to investigate the outbreak. Stark highly commends the doctors and staff at Post Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #38 directs Echeverria to duty at the camp of civilian non-immunes at Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear reports that his real estate agent has rented his house in Baltimore. He has been running the officers' mess.

Havard details the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados, Cuba in May 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #39 directs a hospital steward and a private to assist Echeverria at the non-immune camp near Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard amends the yellow fever report sent June 18, 1900 to change the mortality count. A map is included of the town of Quemados. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #43 orders Stark to take over duties for Kean, who is ill. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Michie is pleased Kean is doing well and provides him with details of camp life in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Special Orders #74 relieves Agramonte from his duty as Acting Assistant Surgeon in Havana and transfers him to the Division Laboratory. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed and Carroll are on board the Sedgewick, bound for Cuba.

General Lee on Fever

News About Town

Reed sees the wreck of the Maine in Havana harbor and gives his opinion of the sinking.

Will Study Fever

An Emphatic Protest

Quemados Situation

Honoring Dead Comrade

Special Orders #97 orders Agramonte to Santa Clara, Cuba on sanitary duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed is impressed with the shower installed at his quarters. He responds to family news and is pleased that his son has passed an examination to further his military career.

Michie plans on ordering cocktails and drinking to Kean's health. He also mentions a formaldehyde machine left running in a room that prevented anyone from being able to sleep in it. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic is waning. Reed, Carroll and he will study malaria.

Special Orders #48 assigns Cooke to Pinar del Rio Barracks. Lawrence Reed is appointed to a court-martial hearing. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed requests that Private Tracey be detailed to Havana to help in the animal laboratory, and also requests additional funding for the purchase of more animals. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Special Orders #99 directs Cooke to Quemados, Cuba. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed details recent happenings around the base in Cuba. He sends his love to family and friends.

Reed details his duties for the month of June 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed writes his efficiency report for the period, June 30, 1899 to June 30, 1900. Both Sternberg and Baldwin officially endorse Reed's report. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #101 assigns Neate to duty in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed provides instructions to Emilie Lawrence Reed for garden work at Keewaydin, their Pennsylvania mountain home. He reports that their son, Lawrence, is well.

Moran is honorably discharged from the Army of the United States, with permission to re-enlist.

Reed gives instructions on gardening at Keewaydin. He also discusses financial affairs.

Special Orders #51 grants Kean and Hepburn a leave of absence and assigns Teeter to Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed makes plans for the Fourth of July, and he describes Cuban flowers.

Reed describes his laboratory, the hot weather and mosquitoes. He reviews work to be done at Keewaydin.

Special Orders #54 directs Ames to Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. Included is a note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reassures Emilie Lawrence Reed about yellow fever, claiming there is no danger. He writes about work done at Keewaydin and explains how he is organizing his laboratory.

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic seems to be over, and that the board is hard at work studying Cuban infectious diseases.

Reed provides a description of his quarters at Camp Columbia and relates the typical schedule of his day. He laments the lack of rain for Emilie Lawrence Reed's garden. He discusses finances and political trouble in China.

Carter writes that he has been summoned to Washington because his work in Havana may be finished.

Lazear reports that his wife has been hospitalized.

Lazear reports that Reed has them working on Sanarelli's bacillus, but he wants to discover the real organism. He offers his opinion of Carroll.

Echeverria reports of medical activity in Marianao di Quemados for the week ending July 14th, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #69 orders Agramonte to Pinar del Rio to investigate cases of pernicious fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed comments about the family. He writes about the English physicians Durham and Meyers, who are studying yellow fever.

Reed sees their son, Lawrence, in Havana. He enjoys a meal given for the English physicians. He discusses China news, and relays information about a transport from the States.

Special Orders #64 assigns Gorgas and Echeverria to a medical board to decide about disposing medical property used for yellow fever patients. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard reports on Electrozone Plant in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #65 establishes various boards to investigate damages due to the outbreak of yellow fever . [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed is delighted to hear about the rain at Keewaydin. He teases Emilie Lawrence Reed and discusses gardening at Keewaydin. He says their son, Lawrence, is impatient for his officer's commission.

Stark reprimands Presnell for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.

Stark reprimands Nouel for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.

Reed is astonished that yellow fever remains unrecognized at Pinar del Rio. He recommends measures taken to avoid an epidemic, and the use of human experimentation to study the disease.

Stark reprimands Godfrey for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.

Stark reprimands Cooke for his handling of a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.

Stark reprimands Godfrey for his course of action in the face of an epidemic of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear writes that Mabel Lazear's doctor will telegraph him when her situation changes.

Special Orders #1 direct Truby, Presnell, and Schweiger to accompany the 1st U.S. Infantry to the United States. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed teases his daughter Blossom Reed. He expects to leave Cuba on August 1 or 2.

Reed describes the weather in Cuba. He teases Emilie Lawrence Reed, and anticipates his arrival home.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He expects to see her August.

Lazear writes about his travels to other posts to gather statistics.

Reed relates his plans for Keewaydin concerning the garden, a summer house, and a new house. He has seen their son, Lawrence, and reports that he is well, but he as yet has no commission.

Lazear is ordered to proceed to Pinar Del Rio to collect pathological material on the recent yellow fever outbreak.

Black responds to Reed's report on the Electrozone Plant in Havana, Cuba and wants to correct errors. He includes two reports by G. C. Rowe entitled “Review of the Most Salient Points of Dr. Reed's Report” and “Electrozone Plant.” [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's baggage has to be disinfected for “Yellow Jack” before he leaves for the States. He believes this to be an absurd formality. Reed wants to install a shower at the renovated Keewaydin house.

Special Orders #5 assigns Lazear to investigation of recent yellow fever outbreak. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reports his duties for the month of July 1900 as President of the Board of Officers investigating infectious diseases and yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark takes over duties as Chief Sanitary Officer after Kean is taken ill by yellow fever. Stark describes his preventative measures against the spreading of the disease. He commends numerous individuals for their help in the epidemic. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #126 sends Havard to Guanajay and Presnell and Truby to accompany the 1st Infantry on transport “Rawlins” to the United States. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #8 elects Stark to a board of officers to deal with compensation for destroyed or damaged property through disinfection procedures. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed writes that he is on his way home to the United States.

Lazear describes a trip to Pinar del Rio. Mabel Lazear has had a long hospital stay.

Special Orders #129 selects Presnell to accompany 2nd artillery. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #183 grants commission to Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carter discusses financial matters.

Smith grants a leave of absence to Truby for several days.

Lawrence Reed expresses excitement about receiving his commission. He is assigned to the 10th Infantry in Cuba and fears he will not be able to visit home. Lawrence wants his father to send him a sword.

Truby is relieved from duty.

Lawrence Reed writes that he is not certain where he will be sent next. He asks her to remind Walter Reed about his sword.

Lazear reports that United States Army troops have been withdrawn from Guanajay and Pinar del Rio, although the United States will remain in Cuba for several years until a stable government is established. Lazear hopes to have work in Washington after the Cuban research is finished.

Gorgas details the yearly deaths caused by yellow fever in the month of July, and states that the sanitary conditions for July 1900 are better than any time in the past ten years. His report includes two charts of deaths in Havana: “Deaths by Months for the Years 1890 to 1900” and “Arrivals and Departures of Passengers at Havana.”

Reed is sending Howard specimens of mosquitoes from Lazear and is planning on seeing Howard in a few days. Included is a listing of the types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #18 assigns Kean, Amador, and Cooke to a board of survey to decide about posts that have been infected by yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed provides his new address in Cuba.

Lawrence Reed informs his mother of his new post at Rowell Barracks.

This document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of yellow fever in Cuba.

Lazear writes about family plans. He is now working on malaria, and says yellow fever is decreasing in Havana.

Ireland thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the gift and the visit to Blue Ridge Summit.

Special Orders #25 sentences Weatherwalks to hard labor for obtaining a team of mules under false pretenses and being drunk. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

[Lazear] disagrees with Reed and Carroll's concentration on Sanarelli's work. He believes that the true cause of yellow fever lies elsewhere.

Reed sends Howard more specimens of mosquitoes that Lazear collected in Cuba. Reed is anxious to know the results. Included is a list of the types of mosquitoes collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #199 assigns Springer to duty at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. Included are notes by Truby and Hench. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dunshie lists the cases of yellow fever at Guanajay Barracks and reports about the precautionary methods taken to prevent the spread of the disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dunshie lists the cases of yellow fever at Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed is well situated in his new company. He thanks his mother for the gift of an officer's sword.

Howard informs Reed that Dr. Coquillett identified the species of the mosquitoes that Lazear collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes that he received a telegram announcing his daughter's birth. He hopes for a vacation in the United States in October.

Reed writes that Christopher Reed's son does not have tuberculosis. Reed has been in Cuba studying yellow fever but has returned to finish the typhoid fever report.

Special Orders #33 assigns Cooke to a board of officers and then directs him to Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Photograph by US Army Medical Museum

Reed details his duties for the month of August 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Agramonte signs this contract which enables him to perform the duties of a medical officer under Army Regulations. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear reports that Mabel Lazear and the baby are well.

Wood reports on that there are more yellow fever cases in Havana than the year before because of the great influx of non-immune Spanish immigrants.

Reed worries about Carroll's sickness and wonders if it is the result of the bite of a mosquito that had previously bitten yellow fever patients. He discloses that they had all determined to experiment on themselves, and he would have done so if he had been there. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed offers advice to de Schweinitz concerning the examination of medical students. Reed has learned of Carroll's illness in Cuba.

Reed notifies Jennie Carroll of James Carroll's improved condition.

Kean reports to Surgeon General [Wyman] that Carroll's condition has improved.

The fever chart has a notation written by Ames stating that Dean is the same as X.Y.Z.

Lazear believes he is on the track of the yellow fever germ but this news must be kept secret for now.

Durham and Myers discuss the investigation of yellow fever by the American commission in Cuba and the perplexing nature of the disease.

Kean discusses the responsibilities of his new position as part of the Cuban government. He mentions his son and a visit to the Governor's palace.

Lazear details his plan to return to the United States for a visit. He also discusses improvements to his quarters.

Special Orders #158 directs Cooke to the ship, Crook, to act as attending surgeon on board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Truby is ordered to Quemados, Cuba, for assignment.

Lazear thanks her for the magazines she sent. He describes his average day.

Special Orders #164 grants Agramonte a leave of absence. He is also granted an extension. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll informs his wife that he is recovering from yellow fever and now is comforted that he will be immune from the terrors of the disease. He also explains that Lazear is very ill and predicts an even chance for his recovery.

General Orders #4 announces the death of Cartwright and provides documentation of his military career. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #50 assigns Kean and Reed to a board of survey. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed discusses the mosquito as the vector for yellow fever and the amount of evidence necessary to prove this hypothesis.

Kean describes the contributions and sacrifices that Lazear has made for science, and asks Sternberg to make a public statement about Lazear's death and his courage in life. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed discusses the probability of a mosquito vector for yellow fever. He regrets his absence from Cuba. He will not experiment on himself, and anticipates a publication on the etiology of the disease.

Death of Mr. J.W. Lazear

Kean informs Mabel Lazear of Lazear's death.

The Questions of the Day

Dr. J.W. Lazear Is Dead

The Death Roll

Grateful Nation Pensions Widows of Fever Martyrs

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear Dies in Havana

Expert Dies of Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Kills a Surgeon.

Studied Yellow Fever

Special Orders #227 relieves Godfrey of duty. Slocum is temporarily assigned duty as Acting Chief Quartermaster. Stark's leave of absence is extended. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dr. J.W. Lazear Is Dead

General Orders announce Slocum as the Acting Chief Quartermaster. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #228 appoints Reed, Kean, and Stark to an examining board to determine the fitness of officers for promotion. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear Obituary

The Summons of Death

Reed describes his voyage to Havana, during which he gives medical care to a child. Emilie Lawrence Reed would not accompany Reed to Cuba, and did not want him to go.

El Doctor Lazear

Doctor Lazear

This is an obituary for Jesse Lazear.

Horlbeck concludes in this report to the American Public Health Association that the bacillus icteroides, discovered by Sanarelli, is the cause of yellow fever.

Godfrey requests a wagon to pick up the baggage of the arriving medical officers. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed would like one of his assistants, Williamson, to study a specimen of mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #59 grants Pinto a leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed assures Emilie Lawrence Reed of his safety. He explains the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.

Sternberg requests the return of a medical journal, and makes reference to an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He asks for notification on Reed's progress.

Reed hopes that he won't have to wait as long as his friend to get married. He really needs a new bed, and requests that Emilie Lawrence Reed tell Walter Reed.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed and Blossom Reed. He writes that Carroll is on a month's leave. He describes cases of dysentery.

Special Orders #178 grants Carroll a leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed wants to meet a delegate from the Public Health Association.

Reed returns to Washington for a meeting with the Surgeon General. He will continue on to Indianapolis for the American Public Health meeting. On November 1, Reed will leave for Cuba.

Circular Order #8 includes Kean's letter of October 13. Kean states in his communication that the mosquito is responsible for the transmission of malaria and filarial infections, and more than likely yellow fever. He recommends a course of action for all posts in the eradication of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #243 directs Pilcher to Ft. McHenry for medical examination and Godfrey to the Philippines for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #182 sentences Ryan, Jones, Gelhardt, and Lust to hard labor for joining in a mutiny. Included are notes by Hench. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #183 extends Pinto's leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Goodale describes Peterson's burial at Grave 146, Post Cemetery, Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

General Orders #27 announces the death of Peterson and documents his military career. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

El Vomito en La Habana

Sternberg recommends that Reed act as a delegate for the Army at the meeting of the American Public Health Association in Indianapolis in order to convey pertinent information on yellow fever.

Reed is recommended to be a delegate at the meeting of the American Public Health Association in Indianapolis to give important information about the cause and prevention of yellow fever. Special Orders #246 is included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean discusses efforts to control yellow fever, and notes the extent to which it has spread in the corps.

Reed is ordered to return to Washington, D.C. instead returning to his proper station in Cuba. This is an amendment to Special Orders #246. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #247 grants Carroll an extension to his leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Fitzhugh Lee Sees the Light at Last

Lawrence Reed describes surveying and map making. He relates the news of Major Patterson's death and his wife's suicide.

Liceaga summarizes the cases of yellow fever that have been observed on the Gulf Coast of Mexico and the measures taken to prevent the spread of the disease.

This report lists the minutes of the meeting at the Public Health Meeting, Indianapolis, Indiana. The First Day, Afternoon Session includes numerous papers on infectious disease and yellow fever, with a paper by Walter Reed. Included is a note by Hench.

Special Orders #188 directs Agramonte to Quemados, Cuba. A handwritten note by Hench states his contention that Agramonte did not do any mosquito work for Lazear or Reed until Camp Lazear was operational. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed presents this report on yellow fever to the American Public Health Association.

Defending His Record; Fever Cases Concealed [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg informs Reed that Gould will publish Reed's paper in the Philadelphia Medical Journal. Included is a note by Truby.

Yellow-Fever Figures: Explanation by Governor-General Wood [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard informs Carroll the mosquito he sent him from Cuba has been identified as a species described from Brazil. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carter writes about his work, health, and living conditions.

General Orders #28 announces the death of Page and documents his military career. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Ludlow responds to Wood's accusation that data was concealed regarding the number of cases of yellow fever in Havana.[Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Ludlow defends his position against Wood's charges of concealing facts about yellow fever in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Mosquito Carries Yellow Fever Germ

Reed is told to return to Washington, D.C. after the conference instead of returning directly to Cuba.

Baird recommends that Reed's orders be changed so that there will be no confusion in the payment process when Reed returns to Cuba via New York City and Washington D. C. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #256 directs Kean to Ft. McHenry. Pilcher is retired from active service. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reports his duties for the month of October 1900.

This obituary, which appeared in the "Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin," honors Jesse Lazear.

Wood describes Lazear's infection and death, and advocates for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Obituary: Jesse William Lazear

Sternberg requests Reed's monthly report for the month of September 1900. Reed did not submit it on time. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This article describes new cases of yellow fever and recent deaths from yellow fever.

Welch writes about the mosquito theory of yellow fever transmission and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Mosquitoes and Yellow Fever

Reed requests an address change. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This article mentions the interest in yellow fever by the press.

Special Orders #74 directs Colby to the board of medical officers to determine his fitness for the position of acting hospital steward. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Mosquito Hypothesis

Wood states that he never accused Ludlow of concealing information, but that newspapers have misconstrued his statements, through false deductions and inferences. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This article, which appeared in the "St. Louis Medical Review," discusses the transmission of yellow fever via mosquitos.

Wood claims that the New York Sun misconstrued his statements regarding yellow fever, and he wants those errors to be corrected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood rebuts an accusation that Officers concealed outbreaks of yellow fever in Havana.

Reed will leave New York for Havana soon.

Wood lauds the work that Lazear did and praises him as a martyr.

Lawrence Reed anticipates his father's return to Cuba. He comments on rumors of reassignment, yellow fever cases, and packages from home.

Reed describes his voyage to Cuba. He also comments on the upcoming presidential election in the United States.

Special Orders #260 revokes Special Orders #256 for Kean. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean writes about his rationale for remaining as Post Surgeon at Columbia Barracks instead of taking position at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. He comments on the lasting value of Reed's work.

This article describes new cases of yellow fever and recent deaths from yellow fever.

Reed remarks on Bryan's defeat in the United States presidential election. He describes various people at the camp. He discusses his work on yellow fever, including the possibility of human experimentation.

Howard provides information to Carroll about a certain species of mosquito. Howard then asks Carroll to catch a species of mosquito for his own research, which is believed to have migrated to Cuba in slave ships years ago. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Louise Kean discusses her decision to stay in Cuba and her life at the post. In a postscript she mentions the excitement surrounding the yellow fever experiments.

Special Orders #265 annuls Cooke's contract as acting assistant surgeon for the U. S. Army. Extension to Stark's leave of absence is granted. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear wants to know the circumstances behind her husband's death of yellow fever. She has a hard time believing that her husband allowed an infected mosquito to bite his hand. She thanks Carroll for sending her the money orders.

Reed reports his duties for the month of September 1900.

Gen. Wood Explains

Mabel H. Lazear asks Carroll for information on the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.

Special Orders #81 recommends that eight privates be detailed for temporary duty at the experimental sanitary camp at Columbia Barracks and report to Reed. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed settles into camp life, and observes a malaria case. He discusses finances, and notes that Carroll has returned to Cuba from the United States.

Reed asks Howard to resolve issues around a certain species of mosquito, the C. fasciatus. Reed is apologetic for asking such an obvious question.

The form requests $5000 payable from Customs receipts for sanitary work in Cuba.

Special Orders #266 directs Havard, Gorgas, and Kean to the Pan-American Medical Congress. Echeverria is honorably discharged. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

These Special Orders #83 detail Forbes, Morris, Kissinger, and Ames to report to Walter Reed at Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #83 relieves Forbes of his assignment, assigns Morris and Kissinger to temporary duty at the experimental sanitary camp at Columbia Barracks, and orders Ames to report to Reed for temporary duty.

Carroll thanks Howard for all the information he has sent him regarding the different markings of the mosquito, and gladly volunteers to collect any specimen that Howard needs for his research. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This is a Cuban Treasury Deposit receipt for the expenses of the Yellow Fever experiments at Camp Lazear.

Lambert informs Truby that he has tried to gain recognition as a nurse for the experimental yellow fever cases. He explains the reasons why he thinks he should be included.

This is a list of the names, dates, and hometowns of the American volunteers and also lists the individuals who recruited them for the yellow fever experiments.

Howard tries to resolve Reed's questions about the markings of the mosquitoes, but also states that there is still work to be done in the identifying process. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed goes into great detail about the markings of the C. fasciatus and C. taeniatus species of mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed describes a baseball game and gives news from the base. He asks his mother to ship a package to him.

Sternberg forwards Reed's paper for peer review. He agrees that the inoculation experiments must continue in order to provide scientific proof. He recommends that a search for the yellow fever parasite should begin.

The Keans discuss social events among the army personnel and a move to new quarters. The postscript mentions the reaction of the popular press and the medical journals to the mosquito theory.

Reed writes that he has found mosquitoes and volunteers for his experiments, and will now proceed with the laboratory work. He comments on newspaper reports about yellow fever.

Special Orders #272 revokes Special Order #265 for Cooke. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The article describes the connection between the mosquito and yellow fever.

Special Orders #3 directs Colby to special duty under Reed at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed describes his quarters and asks his mother to send him reading material. He sends cash to his sister, Blossom, and warns her to be careful when she is out in public.

Special Orders #4 details the changes of station for surgeons in Cuba. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reports that the experimental camp is nearing completion. He notes the effect of cool weather on yellow fever cases and suggests the mosquito as a vector for the disease.

Horrendo...Si Es Cierto. This article is an expression of outrage by the newspaper staff regarding the rumor that Spanish immigrants are unknowingly being used in an experiment to test transmission of yellow fever by mosquito bites.

Howard identifies the mosquito Reed is working as the Culex fasciatus. Howard appreciates answering Reed's questions and considers it a privilege. He then acknowledges receipt of Reed's report and informs Reed of his own upcoming publication. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This is a translation of an article, originally appearing in “La Discusion” (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), in which the rumor of human experimentation is discussed and criticized.

This article lists the cases and deaths from yellow fever in October and November.

Horrific... If it's true!

Reed is sympathetic to his wife's case of gout. He remarks on a bill to Johnnie Moore for work at the Keewaydin house.

Horrendo...Si Es Cierto

La Prensa

Reed expresses concern for his wife's gout, but he also teases her. He relates a newspaper controversy over the yellow fever experiments, particularly concerning the American and Spanish volunteers, and consent forms.

In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.

Horrible...Si Es Cierto. This article provides details from an anonymous contributor about a yellow fever experiment.

Horrible...If's it's true!

A Cazar...Por Fuerza Huyendole A La Quema

Del Consulado de Espana

La Fiebre Amarilla

Reed is concerned about his wife's health, but teases her. He discusses work at Keewaydin, and comments on their son's class rank.

Lawrence Reed writes about post news, correspondence from the United States, and his rank. He notes that Truby is to be post surgeon and believes this will be a favorable change.

Louise Kean writes about cases of yellow fever and news of the family.

Morris reports that he will investigate what money may be due Mabel Lazear for Lazear's army services.

This consent form includes the minimum age requirements, the limited liability of the Yellow Fever Commission, and the amount of money volunteers shall receive.

This consent form includes the minimum age requirements, the limited liability of the Yellow Fever Commission, and the amount of money volunteers will receive.

Reed mentions the houses constructed at the experimental camp. He describes the experimentation methods and plans. He anticipates a trip to Keewaydin in May.

Reed expresses empathy for his wife's gout. He writes that the experimental camp is almost completed and will soon be ready for work.

Fourteen patients are listed by name, place of birth, dates of illness and other details, for Camp Lazear, Columbia Barracks, Cuba.

Ludlow states he never concealed the yellow fever statistics, but that they were actually available to the public at all times. Ludlow then criticizes Wood for not giving accurate information to the newspapers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed describes methods of experimentation and the progress of the work at Camp Lazear.

Reed gives an assessment of the criticism directed at the experimental project. He believes that it is unfounded.

Lawrence Reed gives post news and notes Truby's comments concerning the yellow fever experiments. He inquires if she will visit at Christmas. He turns twenty-three tomorrow.

The writer requests a receipt for blank checks forwarded to Kean.

Reed writes of Emilie Lawrence Reed's health. He discusses finances and plans for their house at Keewaydin. He expresses concern over the experiments since they have not yet achieved positive results.

Louise Kean writes that Jefferson Randolph Kean's stepmother is coming to Cuba. She describes the excitement over the first case of experimental yellow fever at Camp Lazear.

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

Reed announces that his theory about the mosquito is right and describes Kissinger's illness and the good health of the volunteers in the infected bedding house. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital trustees petition Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Reed teases his wife.

Peak informs Carter of stories she submitted to various newspapers. She is sorry to hear Carter is ill.

Wood explains that Cuba is largely free from epidemic or contagious diseases and he suggests that commercial relations to be resumed with the island. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.

Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.

Lawrence Reed describes a wedding at the base. His friend Cooke will visit Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Louise Kean writes about the success of Reed's yellow fever experiments with infected mosquitoes and clothing.

Reed states that cases of yellow fever are diagnosed and confirmed from his experiments, which proves the mosquito theory.

Reed reports that there are four diagnosed cases of yellow fever within the period of incubation.

Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.

Sternberg congratulates Reed.

Mosquitos and Yellow Fever

Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.

Sternberg congratulates Reed on the success of his experiments. He hopes Reed can identify the parasite, and thinks it would be desirable to conduct experiments that would involve inoculation with blood from yellow fever cases.

Special Orders #25 orders Olsen and Hildebrand to report to Reed and appoints Kissinger as Acting Hospital Steward. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This document lists the names of the volunteers for the fomite experiments along with what soiled clothing and bedding they were given. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Sternberg responds to Reed's letter concerning the success of the experiments. He notes that he has received reprints of Reed's paper in the "Journal of Experimental Medicine."

Sternberg requests Reed's monthly report for the month of November 1900. Reed did not submit it on time. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. A handwritten note states that Kean wrote up this order in the absence of Havard. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In Honor of Dr. Finlay

En Honor del Dr. Finlay

Still Fumbling with Yellow Fever

Kean writes about studying for his upcoming promotion examination. He notes that the scientists are seeing important results from the mosquito experiments. A dinner will be held in honor of Finlay.

Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.

Fever chart A ends on January 2, 1901.

Reed details his duties for the month of November 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Fever chart “B” ends on January 3, 1901.

Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.

Sternberg informs Reed that he will send him to Pan-American Congress to present a supplemental paper.

Sternberg requests that Reed attend the Pan-American Medical Congress in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #302 relieves Lyster of duty in Cuba. Reed is ordered to attend the Pan-American Medical Congress. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed describes the round of holiday parties, including one at the governor's palace, in Havana. He injects blood from the last yellow fever patient into a volunteer.

Kean acknowledges the receipt of blank official checks.

Reed writes about Emilie Lawrence Reed's recovery, as well as his toothache. He discusses financial matters, including expenditures at Keewaydin. His last yellow fever patient is recovering.

This is the famous New Year's Eve letter. Reed's toothache requires cocaine treatment. Reed comments on La Roche's Yellow Fever (1853), and his own role in the historic discovery. He hears taps sound for the old year, and celebrations for New Year's Day. He requests orders to return to the United States in six weeks.

Reed details his duties for the month of December 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed gives his thoughts regarding his father's success in the yellow fever experiments. He makes plans for a visit to a Cuban sugar plantation.