This document provides details about the members of the Yellow Fever Commission and lists all the volunteers for the yellow fever experiments. There is also a motion to provide a better monetary reward to these volunteers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sawyer sends Carter a telegram granting her sick leave.

[Hench] outlines details of the yellow fever investigation, including a diagram of the Board's laboratory at Columbia Barracks.

In this pamphlet published for the American Museum of Natural History, Peabody discusses the history of yellow fever, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, and the later history of the yellow fever heroes of 1900. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed plans to enter the U.S. Army Medical Corps, and gives his rationale. He describes his experiences in the city. He explains his later plans for marriage and his philosophy of life.

Reed expresses his love for his dispersed family, and notes that it has been one year since he met her. Reed will delay taking his medical exam.

Reed writes an autobiography for the Army Examination Board.

Yellow Fever in Memphis

Memphis Under Quarantine Rule

Reed comments on an earlier letter from Kean, briefly mentions his present occupation supervising a laboratory, and encourages Kean to write to him again soon. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Sternberg reports on the prevalence of yellow fever in Cuba. He relates the history of yellow fever epidemics, and provides statistics on yellow fever throughout Cuba.

Patton, on behalf of the Louisiana State Board of Health, thanks the U.S. Marine Hospital Service for their assistance in stamping out yellow fever at Camp Fontaine Bleau and McHenry.

These special orders include a section appointing Reed, Vaughan, and Shakespeare to a board for the purpose of investigating the cause of the prevalence of typhoid fever in U.S. military camps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

On behalf of the city of New Orleans, Souchon thanks Carter for his assistance.

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever and on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during September 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever, investigated buildings at Natural Bridge, Virginia, and was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during October 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Krassin inquires about the reported death of Reed in Cuba. A request is made for Reed to serve as a member of a board. A note dated July 17, 1900 states that Reed forwarded an efficiency report. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's efficiency report is for the year 1899. Included is a report that gives an account of Reed's services from November 1, 1898 to May 10, 1899. He is noted to be an expert pathologist and bacteriologist. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

LePrince writes to Carter about the ongoing anti-malaria work and a conference they attended. [enclosed: a note on the use of wave action to control mosquitoes]

Connor describes the progress against yellow fever in Mexico. He would like to have Carter's yellow fever articles translated into Spanish.

Carter informs the Board that yellow fever has broken out in Peru and the Peruvian government is seeking help. Carter offers to stay, but will be unable to do field work.

Truby discusses Carroll's career.

Howard reflects on his lifetime of work with mosquitoes. He includes a transcript of a January 13, 1901 letter from Walter Reed describing the success of Reed's experiments. A transcript of a February 20, 1902 letter from Ronald Ross discusses Ross' work in Africa.

[Carter] advises the chairman of the National Malaria Committee to reconsider abolishing a subcommittee that helps promote education in the fight against malaria.

This biography focuses on the reasons why Ames should be included with the Yellow Fever Board and the volunteer soldiers in the Roll of Honor.

This report gives a brief description of Reed's titles and duties for the year 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Virginia Board of Health will have control over all impounded waters in matters affecting public health.

Hanson estimates funding needed from the International Health Board for the Peruvian yellow fever campaign, with the employees and salaries for the different locations listed.

This bill is meant to regulate the impounding of water.

This Florida ordinance forbids untreated water collection, specifies treatments for collected water, and permits inspection and charges for violations.

Peake's story on the work of Henry Rose Carter and William Gorgas in ridding Panama of yellow fever includes excerpts from Laura Armistead's Panama diary.

These reports describe Agramonte's duties and leaves of absences for the months September to November 1900. Included are notes written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This typescript deals with Hench's discussion of the recently discovered notebook containing the lab notes of Lazear and Reed. Hench credited Laura Wood with the discovery. The speech was given before the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynecologists and Abdominal Surgeons.

This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.

[Carter] writes about his travel plans and work.

Sternberg orders Reed and Carroll to Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases, especially yellow fever. This requires the establishment of a Medical Board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #122 establishes the Medical Board, consisting of Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte, at Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg instructs Reed on the numerous experiments he should conduct in the investigation of infectious diseases. Also included are notes by Hench and Truby expressing their personal views of Sternberg's instructions. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Civil Orders #5 creates a board of medical examiners to examine cases of yellow fever and/or suspicious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed acknowledges the receipt of a check for $50.00 for use in the Medical Board's research.

Special Orders #130 transfers Neate to Quemados, Cuba to report to Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear reports on medical cases suspected of being yellow fever in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The writer gives a yellow fever case history, among others now lost.

Stark gives a detailed report on the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados, Cuba and Columbia Barracks, Cuba. Stark claims that Mrs. Henry S. King is the first case of yellow fever. A Medical Board with Ames, Lazear, and three Cubans is created to investigate the outbreak. Stark highly commends the doctors and staff at Post Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard details the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados, Cuba in May 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Will Study Fever

Reed requests that Private Tracey be detailed to Havana to help in the animal laboratory, and also requests additional funding for the purchase of more animals. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed comments about the family. He writes about the English physicians Durham and Meyers, who are studying yellow fever.

Special Orders #64 assigns Gorgas and Echeverria to a medical board to decide about disposing medical property used for yellow fever patients. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #65 establishes various boards to investigate damages due to the outbreak of yellow fever . [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reports his duties for the month of July 1900 as President of the Board of Officers investigating infectious diseases and yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #8 elects Stark to a board of officers to deal with compensation for destroyed or damaged property through disinfection procedures. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #18 assigns Kean, Amador, and Cooke to a board of survey to decide about posts that have been infected by yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed sends Howard more specimens of mosquitoes that Lazear collected in Cuba. Reed is anxious to know the results. Included is a list of the types of mosquitoes collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #33 assigns Cooke to a board of officers and then directs him to Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #50 assigns Kean and Reed to a board of survey. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #228 appoints Reed, Kean, and Stark to an examining board to determine the fitness of officers for promotion. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Horlbeck concludes in this report to the American Public Health Association that the bacillus icteroides, discovered by Sanarelli, is the cause of yellow fever.

Reed presents this report on yellow fever to the American Public Health Association.

Mosquito Carries Yellow Fever Germ

Mosquitoes and Yellow Fever

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

Reed announces that his theory about the mosquito is right and describes Kissinger's illness and the good health of the volunteers in the infected bedding house. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.

Wood explains that Cuba is largely free from epidemic or contagious diseases and he suggests that commercial relations to be resumed with the island. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.

Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.

Reed details his duties for the month of November 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed details his duties for the month of December 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Questions of the Day

The Yellow Fever Commission examines Ole A. Jensen and pronounces his illness as yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Yellow Fever Commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Morro 58. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of potential yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital and Benefica. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at San La zaro, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The record card explains Walter Reed's leave of absence for 1901, with reference to an unexplained absence from his post as member of the Army Medical Examining Board. The report also states that Reed is personally and professionally humiliated by this inquiry. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed states that he never doubted that mosquitoes might be the means of spreading yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

These letters and supporting documents concern the request by Caldas and Bellingaghi to demonstrate their yellow fever serum. Included are translations from original Spanish letters and recommendations from Caldas and Tellez. Havard requests a medical commission to examine these claims. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard reports on the claims of Caldas and Bellingaghi that they discovered a preventative and curative serum for yellow fever. Havard is skeptical because Caldas does not provide any information regarding his process of isolation and culture. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Yellow Fever Experiments

Proceedings of the 29th American Health Conference include the “President's Address” by Benjamin Lee, “The Results of Yellow Fever....” by William Crawford Gorgas, “Practical Discussion of Yellow Fever” by Alvah H. Doty, “Fomites and Yellow Fever” by A. N. Bell, and the “Official Report of the Proceedings....”.

Kean encourages Reed to lobby for the office of Surgeon General.

This excerpt discusses Reed's medical work and gives a listing of each publication authored by Reed.

Benis thanks Kean for his assistance in public health projects.

This report documents yellow fever cases in the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902.

Carroll submits his personal history to the Medical Board for part of his examination for the Army Medical Corps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll is to report to Dewitt for examination before the Army Medical Board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Christopher Reed provides a story of young Walter Reed in Brooklyn, where he was frustrated by malpractice in the medical profession.

Stark presents a paper about the measures taken by Reed and his commission to prove it was the mosquito, and not fomites, that was responsible for the spread of yellow fever. Published in The University of Virginia Alumni Bulletin, vol. 3.

Wood gives a history of the American occupation in Cuba and discusses the yellow fever outbreak and consequent investigation by Reed and Lazear. Article appears in “The Annals of the American Academy.” Only pages 16 and 17 are included.

These selections from presentations given at the 1903 annual meeting of the American Public Health Association concern the scientific reception of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, particularly the etiology of yellow fever, quarantine procedures, and the discovery of the role of the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood attributes the mosquito theory principally to Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean states that Reed did not give up his life demonstrating the mosquito theory. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Maryland in Medicine

Noted Doctors at the Hopkins

Gorgas writes about his own work with the Canal Zone Sanitary Commission.

Mason reports on the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department activities with appendices: A - plan of action; B - departmental organization; C - free distribution of quinine.

Gorgas writes to Reed concerning the organization of the Canal Zone Sanitary Department, and details problems in its function. Memorandum details the problems in the Panama Canal.

Matas provides references on yellow fever, and gives information on his own work and experience with the disease.

Gorgas reports on conditions in Panama regarding yellow fever and malaria. He recommends that the Nobel Prize be given to America.

Proceedings of the 31st meeting of the American Public Health Association, including “Lessons to be Learned from the Present Outbreak of Yellow Fever in Louisiana” by James Carroll, “Some New Points in the Etiology and Symptomatology of Yellow Fever” by Juan Guiteras, “Yellow Fever in Mexico” by Eduardo Liceaga, and the “Official Report of the Proceedings....”.

Carroll comments on Kelly's manuscript. He corrects errors of fact, and objects to the attention given Reed to the detriment of himself, Lazear, and the rest of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Kean informs Carroll that efforts are being made for Carroll to receive some substantial recognition for his services with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll gives a detailed report about his involvement with the yellow fever project in Cuba and the necessity of having human volunteers. He also provides a listing of his publications. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll writes about the Yellow Fever Board's determination to investigate the mosquito theory. Carroll claims that he first proposed Board inoculate themselves. Included is an apparent draft, with autograph notations, and a final copy of the same letter.

This review, which appeared in "The Journal of Insanity," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

The decree states that a medical officer shall be assigned to each municipal board of health, serving as a liaison between municipal and military authorities, in the interest of preventing yellow fever among troops stationed in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carroll claims that Reed, Stark, Kean, and another unnamed man colluded to promote Stark over him. He believes this was because Kean was not appointed to the Yellow Fever Board after Lazear's death.

Dickenson proposes an alteration to the text of Kelly's book concerning Brooklyn Hospital. Dickenson provides a quotation from the hospital minutes of 1871 regarding Walter Reed's appointment.

Roosevelt, O'Reilly, and McCaw make statements about the value of the yellow fever experiments to humanity. A detailed history of the project is given, along with mention of all the individuals involved, including a listing of all the volunteers in the project. Numerous quotations are cited from various speeches and memorials dedicated to Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Convening of Medical Legislative Council delayed; unable to meet recipient [letter incomplete].

Major Kean (Slap) Works (Slap) To Rid Cuba (Slap) of Mosquitoes

On Cuban Sanitation.

Price writes about Carroll's experience in the military, particularly under the command of his father. He corrects misconceptions regarding his father's role in Carroll's career.

This letter to Kean regards a variety of matters: 1) an additional case of yellow fever; 2) the acceptance by Dr. O'Bourke of an agreement regarding the Diagnosis Board; 3) an agreement by the author to report often; 4) personnel; 5) assurances by the author that he would keep the official objectives of the projects as a first priority, despite differences, and 6) the case of Rogelio Castro Rey. [In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The author gives a status report on the work being carried out in Havana. He reports that homes have been fumigated, and an inn fined for a violation of sanitation ordinances. He laments the lack of resources available to complete projects and comments on the poor quality of materials. Finally, he reports a work-related injury.[In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses the creation and function of the Superior Board of Health, which included establishing new sanitary ordinances. He continues by discussing the two most severe outbreaks of disease in Cuba since 1901: smallpox and yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle reports on the duties of the National Sanitary Board, which required all the local sanitary offices to submit to new rules of operation. He goes into great detail about all the various sanitary methods used throughout Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Von Mansfelde requests a copy of the program for the Carroll Memorial Dinner and a copy of the letter von Mansfelde wrote Kelly regarding Carroll's promotion. Von Mansfelde adds that he is continuing to work for pensions for the widows of Lazear and Carroll.

Kean discusses the present sanitary conditions in Cuba. He states that there has been a breakdown in sanitary procedures since the American withdrawal and recommends that local sanitation boards be abolished in favor of a National Sanitary Board. Kean writes that yellow fever is moving out to rural areas, instead of concentrating in urban centers. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This pamphlet details preventative measures against yellow fever, especially the control of mosquitos.

The Adviser requests information as to the depth of wells in which mosquitoes breed, so that ordinances may be revised and possibly some expense spared to the people in the towns of Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

O'Reilly relays that no harm could result from delaying the date of the imposition of quarantine against Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses recent cases of yellow fever, in Santiago and Daiquiri, in order to quell rumors of massive outbreaks.

In this sworn statement, Agramonte details the Board's work on yellow fever. Agramonte asserts he began to discuss mosquito transmission in June 1900. A month later, the Board seriously began to consider mosquito agency and the Board then began its mosquito research. Lazear, because of his training in mosquito work, assumed leadership in the mosquito testing. Following Lazear's death, Agramonte carried out the breeding and infecting of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean protests against the American quarantine of all Cuban ports.

Agramonte is notified that his letter has been received and filed for future reference. Agramonte's letter of August 31, 1908, is included, testifying to the sequence of events in the work carried out by the Army Board on Yellow Fever. Included are two notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lopez del Valle describes the methods used to combat yellow fever, typhoid fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases in Havana. The methods of covering all water deposits that might breed mosquito larvae are thoroughly discussed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Barnet comments on the effectiveness of the National Sanitary Service, the problems of quarantine, and the general improvement of sanitary standards within Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean submits the report of the National Sanitary Department, and states that yellow fever is presently exterminated throughout Cuba. Kean, however, claims that the U.S. is too harsh with the quarantine regulations imposed upon Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The report concludes that improved sanitation efforts between 1906 and 1909 left Cuba entirely free of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Guiteras is thankful for the opportunity to study Kean's office records. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

The article reviews contrasting administrative methods of Gorgas and Goethals in the Panama Canal Zone.

This 250 page book includes chapters about Walter Reed as well as the publications of Reed and his associates, the publications of James Carroll, reports from the sanitary officers in Havana, Cuba, and directions for destroying mosquitoes. Published in Washington by the Government Printing Office, it includes illustrations, portraits, and diagrams. The book is autographed by Mrs. Walter Reed, Jefferson R. Kean, A. S. Pinto, L. O. Howard, Albert E. Truby, Mrs. Jesse Lazear, William H. Lazear, and A. Diaz Albertini. It is also autographed by John R. Kissinger, John J. Moran, John H. Andrus, James Leonard Hanberry and John R. Bullard, who served as volunteers for the U. S. Yellow Fever Commission's experiments in Cuba. Mrs. Walter Reed gave the book to Philip Showalter Hench who heavily annotated it.

Victory Over Disease Justifies Spanish War Cost of $1,148,000,000

Glennan confidentially informs Carter of a possible detail in Hawaii.

These excerpts regard the correspondence between William T. Jenkins and Jefferson Randolph Kean, and the confusion of Jenkins' mailing address. The record card is dated March 27, 1912 through April 20, 1912. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Blue orders Carter to North Carolina to investigate malaria and propose control measures.

This report details reproduction of mosquitoes along the Coosa River.

Malaria [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

Blue assigns LePrince and Carter to investigate malarial conditions in South Carolina.

Goethals provides Moran with a transcript of Moran's service record and acknowledges his resignation from the Health Department.

The Chief Quarantine Officer relates information on a case of yellow fever and notes disagreement over the diagnosis.

Agramonte informs Gorgas that all his reports about the Yellow Fever Commission are completely accurate and can be proven, and that he believes he will never receive proper recognition for his contribution. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

[Carter] describes his journey and his report for the Rockefeller Foundation.

Laura Carter describes her visit to see Henry Carter in South America.

Blue orders Carter to attend a conference in Columbia, South Carolina.

Carter reports that malarial conditions in South Carolina have worsened.

Blue instructs Carter to write a memorandum describing a proposed investigation, in South Carolina.

Rose writes that he does not wish to publish the yellow fever report yet, but Carter may release information that may be helpful in adjusting quarantine regulations.

Snidow details malaria investigations in Virginia.

This report gives proposed impounded water health regulations cover floating debris, vegetation, and fish stocking.

This document includes excerpts from Sternberg's biography of her husband's involvement with tropical diseases, including yellow fever.

Carter informs Russell about the progress that she and Frost made over the Christmas holiday and about the maps and bibliographical references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever that she is currently working on.

Carter thanks Russell for supplying the Connor reference she sought and describes her work at the Library of Congress.

This report discusses control of debris and vegetation, fish stocking, and ditching. Pertinent state health laws are listed.

LePrince describes mosquito breeding in impounded waters, suggesting necessary regulations to be implemented by State Boards of Health.

Obregon establishes a commission under the International Health Board for yellow fever work in Mexico. Officers, administrative structure, and funding are specified.

Lyster requests Carter's comments on a circular for the fish campaign and on the Rockefeller Foundation's methods in the Latin American yellow fever campaigns.

Hanson writes about the inappropriate handling of vaccine.

Hanson discusses outbreaks of yellow fever in Peru, and his dealings with the Peruvian government. He requests the use of International Health Board funding.

Hanson discusses funding issues and a recent yellow fever outbreak.

Hanson discusses the spread of yellow fever in Peru, and the use of fish to control mosquitoes. He also discusses funding issues.

Hanson requests an increase of funds. He discusses his dealings with local authorities and steamship companies.

Kean states that Reed's name should have appeared in the newspaper's article about yellow fever and briefly discusses Reed's and his assistant's work in conquering yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This is a cablegram with a translated cipher. It concerns funding for health inspectors in the Panama Canal Zone.

Hanson discusses funding and the use of fish in breeding areas. He lists the people in charge of various locations, and has hopes of soon eliminating yellow fever on the coast.

Carter writes to LePrince concerning three papers on water impoundment he gave to the U.S. Army Surgeon General.

Cascorrcelos writes to Connor concerning possible pre-Columbian manifestations of yellow fever.

Read informs Carter that Connor wants the yellow fever council, including Carter, to critique his articles on yellow fever.

Gunn reports on a vaccine shipment and on new cases of yellow fever in the Ivory Coast.

Hanson discusses financial matters and his feelings towards the International Health Board. He comments on Connor and Cumming.

Williams discusses a bulletin that was distributed to educate the public about mosquitoes. He writes about employing a sanitary officer for malaria education.

Farrell is impressed by Carter's suggestions of field experiments for malaria control. He discusses funding issues.

Russell thanks Carter for answering Antonetti's questions. He has no news of more yellow fever cases in Mexico.

Russell encloses a letter from Selskar M. Gunn reporting on yellow fever in French West Africa.

Carter critiques the tentative requirements for impounding water to prevent the production of malaria which were sent to him by Hazlehurst. He discusses the costs of malaria prevention measures. He comments on the ideas of LePrince and Griffitts.

Hazlehurst thanks Carter for his comments on the proposed Alabama public health regulations.

Fisher thanks Carter for his public health recommendations. He describes his anti-malaria work and tells of the prevalence of malaria at North and South Carolina sites.

Fricks sends Rankin and Carter a copy of proposed impounded water health regulations.

Carter comments on recent yellow fever articles and summarizes yellow fever work. He discusses the relation of Leptospira icteroides to yellow fever and the use of curative sera. He also mentions the recent yellow fever outbreaks in Brazil, Colombia, and West Africa.

White's report states that the Colombian government accepts the existence of yellow fever in the country, and will pay half of the funding for the International Health Board's yellow fever campaign. It details the geographic locations of the disease.

[Carter] gives corrections on a manuscript. He comments extensively on Gorgas, Havana around 1900, Finlay, his own work on extrinsic incubation and its influence on Reed, and the immediate influence of Reed's work

Carter describes locations where yellow fever is present and discusses the chance of the disease spreading to non-infected areas of the world, mainly by ship.

Griffitts writes that he would like to be assigned to North Carolina.

Rose writes about compensation for Henry Rose Carter's work and the value placed on the work of both Henry Rose Carter and Laura Armistead Carter.

Carter and her father hold Rose's opinion in high esteem, and she thanks Rose for his praise of Henry Rose Carter's work on the History of Yellow Fever and of her poetry.

Griffitts writes that he has surveyed a power company pond and makes recommendations for malaria prevention measures.

Parker describes his malaria education efforts.

Connor discusses a test for the diagnosis of yellow fever and the possibility of combining an anti-malarial campaign with yellow fever work. He suggests that the Board employ someone to study paleo-pathology.

Read thanks Carter for his critique of Vaughn's article, "The Differential Diagnosis of Yellow Fever and Allied Infections." She writes that yellow fever has been confirmed in Colombia and that Brazil has invited in the International Health Board.

Read writes that yellow fever has been confirmed in Bucaramanga. White will be leaving for Brazil shortly.

Read writes that the Colombian government is cooperating with Miller. Read also mentions financial issues surrounding the work in South America. Work is under way to gain entry to Venezuela in order to make a survey of the situation there.

Pothier reports on the reactions obtained from the sera of the cases of yellow fever seen in Bucaramanga.

Connor reports that there are no cases of yellow fever yet, but the critical period will be in the summer. Connor believes yellow fever in Columbia threatens Mexico.

Read summarizes the yellow fever conditions in Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and West Africa.

Connor comments on Carter's paper on the epidemiology of yellow fever. Connor discusses his work on malaria and yellow fever in Mexico. He mentions the resignation of Guiteras.

The writer thanks the Director for the serum shipments already received and requests more be sent to him in Africa.

The writer thanks the Director for the serum shipments already received and requests more to be sent to him in Africa.

This health department report uses three county associations as examples of what can be done to control malaria.

LePrince writes about organizing county interest in malaria control and sends a health department report.

This report describes the route and the outbreak of malaria on the steamship “Garth Castle.”

Ferris reports on the yellow fever situation in Ouidah (Africa).

The Vice Consul of the British Consulate General writes to inform Rose of a fatal case of yellow fever occurring in Sekondi, Gold Coast.

Noguchi suspects a case of yellow fever in Africa was really Weil's disease.

Russell sends Carter copies of three letters written by Hideyo Noguchi regarding yellow fever vaccine and serum, and post mortem findings on a suspected yellow fever death.

Hanson writes Russell about his trip along the Magdalena River in Colombia in preparation for a clean up campaign to try and halt the spread of yellow fever.

Hanson relates his belief that yellow fever is moving from the Colombian interior towards the coast by river and states that the clean up campaign will need to be expanded and will require considerable funds if it is to be effective.

Pothier sends White his final report on the 1923 Yellow Fever Commission inspection tour of Colombia. He describes travel, meetings with government officials, and incidence of yellow fever and mosquitoes. A series of appended documents [two in Spanish] discuss preparations for the trip, the suspected epidemic in Bucaramanga, individual yellow fever cases, and further details of the tour.

Connor seeks Carter's advice on whether or not to suspend the yellow fever campaign in Mexico after twelve disease-free months.

Hanson discusses a report he received from the President of Colombia expressing his concerns about yellow fever and describes areas in need of clean up as well as the time and funds a general campaign will require.

Connor writes Russell about the probable ongoing presence of yellow fever in the Bucaramanga-Cucuta area of Colombia and the likelihood that it has been unrecognized for some time.

Connor sends the International Health Board copies of two reports filed about the case of Luis Villalobos Corona and explains that a railroad strike may delay the arrival of additional reports, but that Frederick R. Russell has been carried the liver section to the United States.

Carter responds to questions from Maxcy regarding the blood index of malaria and problems with blood examination tests based on data from various scientists addressing these issues.

Washburn writes Howard that he is sending him a paper about yellow fever in Jamaica.

Galindo writes about his examination of the body of the man suspected of dying from yellow fever in Colima, Mexico. He states that he does not believe that yellow fever was the cause of death and asks that the results of an examination of a liver specimen be communicated to him as Sanitary Delegate for the region.

Hansen writes about his work in Colombia. He has seen no yellow fever in Bucaramanga, although the Stegomyia index is high there as well as along the Magdelena River. He discusses other diseases he has encountered there and notes Dunn's work with mosquitoes.

Russell sends Carter medical reports and asks for his opinion on a case that was diagnosed as yellow fever ante mortem.

Hanson states that he does not think there is yellow fever in Bucaramanga and that the purported cases, which he describes, are not yellow fever.

Carter responds to Russell's reports and letters that describe Luis Villalobos Corona's illness and post mortem appearance. Carter states that he does not know the cause of death, but believes it is unlikely to be yellow fever.

Read encloses a report about a suspected yellow fever case in San Jeronimo, Mexico.

Read thanks Carter for sending the International Health Board a letter from Dr. Osterhout, regarding the possibility of Osterhout doing yellow fever work.

[Carter] thanks Russell for sending him a translation of an article by Stevenel about the spirochetosis observed in the Ivory Coast.

Read sends Carter copies of three letters and three cables from Henry Hanson.

[Carter] responds to a report by Lucian C. Smith that Read has sent him and states that the case described within is not likely to be yellow fever.

Read sends Carter two accounts of yellow fever in Jamaica and Puerto Rico.

Welch invites Carter to speak on the early history of malaria in the western hemisphere at the annual meeting of the National Malaria Committee in Washington, D.C.

Russell writes to Carter that the commission may postpone work in West Africa until yellow fever is under control in Brazil.

This review of Kelly's book was never published. Kean believed a staff member who was a Carroll propagandist suppressed it. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Connor reports to Carter that the Mexican yellow fever campaign is going well, although he has had difficulties with local officials. He agrees that Maracaibo, rather than the larger Colombian towns, is the focal point for yellow fever.

Frost asks Russell for a copy of Carter's work on yellow fever.

Thompson reports on the sanitary condition of the water supply in Great Britain. Barber provides information regarding malarial conditions in Louisiana. LePrince discusses mosquito control efforts in Tennessee and Alabama.

Fricks reports on the progress of the malaria campaign in the southern United States.

Connor comments that Section III of Carter's History of Yellow Fever develops strong arguments regarding the origin of yellow fever and is a complete and valuable contribution to medical literature.

Carter writes about his health and his history of yellow fever. He discusses the possibility of eradicating yellow fever entirely. He mentions working in West Africa in the future.

Ferrell requests suggestions for the National Malaria Committee program.

LePrince reports on the malaria exhibit in Memphis, Tennessee. He mentions a malaria census in Shelby County, Tennessee.

Fricks reports on the malaria campaign in the southern United States.

Deeks writes that he expects to attend the meeting of the National Malaria Committee and make a presentation.

Carter's obituary describes his many accomplishments, lists his publications, and compares Carter, Reed, and Gorgas, to famous soldiers, jurists, and statesmen of Virginia.

This resolution expresses the sorrow of the organization at Carter's passing and acknowledges Carter's intellectual ability, leadership and personal qualities, as well as his enormous contributions to the field of public health.

Boldridge describes malaria control in South Carolina.

Kean, in his review of the book about William Crawford Gorgas written by Marie D. Gorgas and Burton J. Hendrick, clarifies many false claims that credit Gorgas for the cleaning up of Cuba. Moreover, Kean states that Gorgas was very slow to accept the mosquito theory and that his role in France during World War I was not nearly as great as what was portrayed by the book. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

West thanks Kean for reprints of his review of the Gorgas biography.

Havard recalls Gorgas' hesitance in accepting the conclusions of the Reed commission and his continuance of the expensive disinfection of fomites. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lorente believes the restrictions on commerce between Peru and Ecuador were based on unfounded rumors of yellow fever in northern Peru, and that such rumors should be substantiated before being acted upon in future.

This account details expenses incurred for stenography, typing, office supplies, and taxi fares to the Library of Congress.

Russell encloses copies of letters regarding rumors of yellow fever in northern Peru.

Russell sends a copy of a letter describing a suspected death from yellow fever in Parnahyba, Brazil, and asks her to determine if it merits Henry Rose Carter's attention.

Russell encloses a letter from Noguchi about the transmission of yellow fever.

Carter explains that her father's health is not good, but that he was able to put in a full month of work in July so that his History of Yellow Fever will be ready for a final revision.

Blue expresses his condolences for the death of Henry Carter.

[Cumpston?] reports that Carter's paper, presented at the Pan-Pacific Congress, has been published.

His Race with Death Won by Last of the Yellow Fever Pioneers [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

Flannagan sends a resolution passed by the Southern Medical Association about Henry Rose Carter and an essay listing Henry Rose Carter as one of the seven greatest Americans.

Frost writes a lengthy document providing details about the life and achievements of Henry Rose Carter. He argues that Carter was the foremost figure in the development of quarantine and the management of epidemics, that his studies of the incubation period of yellow fever was the most notable every made in non-experimental epidemiology, and that his indefatigable studies into yellow fever led to his mastery of the subject as evidenced in his book, The History of Yellow Fever.

This pamphlet describes the yellow fever experiments as one of the greatest detective stories of all time. The villain of yellow fever was the mosquito and fomites were proven innocent. The term, executing the sentence, is used to describe the campaign to rid Cuba of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Welch writes Carter about his friendship with and admiration for Henry Rose Carter.

Russell quotes from a letter written by Dr. Andrew Balfour that compares Henry Rose Carter to Sir Patrick Manson and describes Carter as a pioneer in his field.

Carter thanks Russell for sending the letter quoting Dr. Andrew Balfour's reference to Henry Rose Carter and informs Russell that her editing work on the History of Yellow Fever is only in its preliminary stages.

Carroll informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that the Medical Society of Virginia will address his proposal to make Walter Reed's birthplace a national shrine.

Frost offers comments on the inadequacy of the International Health Board Bulletin's published memorial to Henry Rose Carter, and encloses a letter from Frederick F. Russell in which Frost is asked to make additions and corrections to the printed memorial.

A statement about Carter's education, career, and accomplishments is incorporated into the permanent record of the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation.

Carter expresses her heartfelt thanks to Welch for his Memorandum for the International Health Board on Henry Rose Carter's death.

Read informs Carter that the International Health Board entered a statement about Henry Rose Carter's life and work into their records as a tribute to his contributions to public health.

Carter describes her progress on Henry Rose Carter's History of Yellow Fever and asks about reimbursement for expenses she has incurred in her research.

Frost describes the pace of his editing work on Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

[Laura Carter] sends Phalen notes on Henry Carter and his work. She notes that Henry Carter excluded his living host theory from his 1900 article for fear that such speculation would make the article less acceptable.

Russell writes about Carter's plans with Wade Hampton Frost and comments on the death of Adrian Stokes.

Russell suggests Carter consider working part-time on the editing of the History of Yellow Fever in order to preserve her strength and make her labors more rewarding. He also mentions that his work in West Africa is proving Henry Rose Carter's theory that yellow fever developed in Africa and spread into the New World.

Sawyer acknowledges receiving Carter's letter and check and expresses sympathy for her illness.

Carter is back at work on Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever on a half-time basis.

Sawyer plans to inform the Comptroller about Carter's half-time return to work.

Kean supports offering pensions for those who took part in the Reed Yellow Fever demonstration, and for the widows of those who died. He also supports a pension for Agramonte for his important contribution to the Board. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Russell suggests that Carter should find an assistant to help her with her work on the History of Yellow Fever manuscript.

Carter reports that she is working steadily on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and is preparing to work at the Library of Congress to track down bibliographic references.

Russell expresses delight that Carter is back at work on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and sends her reprints of recent work on yellow fever in West Africa that confirms Henry Rose Carter's theory that yellow fever originally came out of Africa.

Carter provides specific details about the financial arrangement regarding Brown's assistance on the manuscript for the History of Yellow Fever.

This document recounts the speech given by Kean at the dedication of Belroi, the birthplace of Walter Reed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter discusses her work at the Library of Congress and expresses regret at the death of Noguchi and others working on the eradication of yellow fever throughout the world.

Carter updates Russell on progress she and Brown have made on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and sends regards to Russell from Thayer.

Carter explains her work on the bibliography for the History of Yellow and will update Russell on incidental expenses. Carter's illnesses have also caused her to spend from the savings Henry Rose Carter left her.

Carter describes the considerable progress on the bibliography and that the Library of Congress staff is helpful. She also asks if Russell has any information about Noguchi's death.

Russell responds to Carter's inquiry about Noguchi's death in West Africa and tells her of the yellow fever deaths of Dr. Young and Dr. Stokes, stating that they were likely to have occurred from laboratory work inoculating animals in Africa.

Carter states that the bibliographical work at the Library of Congress is about finished and describes the generous amount of time Brown has donated to the project.

Carter describes the offers of assistance she has received from Col. Ashburn and Dr. Thayer and praises Brown's considerable efforts.

Russell asks Carter for an approximate idea of when her work will be completed.

Carter wants to meet with Frost before she can inform Russell of an approximate completion date.

Carter and Frost, after meeting to discuss a time frame for completing the manuscript, believe it will be ready some time in November. Carter compliments Brown for her dedication to the project.

Russell congratulates Carter on the progress of her work and mentions an outbreak of yellow fever in Rio.

[Carter] writes LePrince to ask for his input on the bibliography to the History of Yellow Fever.

Hanson attempts to answer Carter's questions about various medical references and describes his work in Florida on malaria outbreaks.

Carter is having difficulty tracking down medical references. She notes that she is writing this letter on Henry Rose Carter's birthday and that, had he lived, he could have told her the source of every reference she seeks.

LePrince responds to Carter's request for verification of various references.

Russell suggests that working long hours in the Washington, D.C. heat might not be good for Carter's health.

Carter and Brown continue to work intensively. Carter asks Russell to track down additional references that may be found in reports of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation.

Carter suggests that Brown's salary be continued through October even though Brown has offered to work for free. She also thanks Russell for facilitating repayments of advances that she and Henry Rose Carter made towards Theodore Hayne's medical education as the work and her health have affected her finances adversely.

Russell informs Carter that someone in his organization tracked down some of the references Carter asked about and is writing her separately with the information.