Andrus answers questions about Ames and mentions the kindness of Lambert.

Courtesy of U.S. Army Medical Museum

In this pamphlet published for the American Museum of Natural History, Peabody discusses the history of yellow fever, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, and the later history of the yellow fever heroes of 1900. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This manuscript discusses Walter Reed's yellow fever experiments in Cuba and provides letters written by Reed.

Reed reminisces about her father and includes letters written by her father to her mother. [Hench] notes inconsistencies with her transcriptions and the originals in the margins.

Carter writes about the Public Health Service, his children, and his health.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

On The Yellow Malignant Fever

This is a highly detailed map of Havana, Cuba.

Reed informs Lawrence that he is studying for the Medical Corps exam. He describes the exam, and offers his opinion of social engagements.

Reed expresses his love for his dispersed family, and notes that it has been one year since he met her. Reed will delay taking his medical exam.

Reed writes that he misses her. Reed's step-mother is in Norfolk and may visit Murfeesboro - Emilie Lawrence's hometown. He has received his commission from Army Medical Corps.

This series of endorsements by the Surgeon General and Secretary of War requests that Reed be assigned to a military post on the Atlantic Coast. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed signs an Oath of Office after being appointed to Assistant Surgeon in the Military Services of the United States. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Byrne informs the Surgeon General that Reed will be assigned to Willets Point for instruction in the duties of a medical officer. Following instruction, a report is to be sent to the Military Division of the Atlantic. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed informs Emilie Lawrence that he has light military duties and an easy command as a medical officer at Willets Point U.S. Army base. He misses her.

Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He offers a prayer to his deceased natural mother. He also discusses various topics, including medical treatments, a Catholic service, French lessons, and reading.

The Army post expects a visit from Gen. William T. Sherman and the Secretary of War. Reed anticipates his upcoming marriage to Emilie Lawrence.

Quarantine Precautions Against Yellow Fever

Camp Father Mathew, in Memphis, Tenn., During the Yellow Fever Epidemic

Reed arrives at Fort Apache. He describes his house, and relays news of their friends. He studies Spanish.

Reed describes a carriage ride. He responds to a letter from Emilie Lawrence Reed, giving her financial advice and offering news of acquaintances.

Reed has heard no word from Emilie Lawrence Reed regarding a necklace he sent her. He studies Spanish, and will take the medical exam when he returns. He gives news of the post commissary and their acquaintances.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps

Lazear writes about a long hiking trip and the Alsace-Lorraine.

Sternberg wants Reed to be examined for promotion by the Board of Medical Officers.

Reed inquires about his father's health, and speaks briefly of politics and his busy work schedule. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

Photo by US Army Signal Corps

Sternberg reports on the prevalence of yellow fever in Cuba. He relates the history of yellow fever epidemics, and provides statistics on yellow fever throughout Cuba.

Patton, on behalf of the Louisiana State Board of Health, thanks the U.S. Marine Hospital Service for their assistance in stamping out yellow fever at Camp Fontaine Bleau and McHenry.

On behalf of the city of New Orleans, Souchon thanks Carter for his assistance.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Wood regrets missing a visit with Reed before leaving Washington for Cuba. He has seen Reed's son in Havana and reports that he is doing well.

Wyman places Carter in charge of all quarantine matters in Cuba, except for the province of Santiago.

Carter discusses quarantine and maritime sanitation in Cuba. Carter has already had yellow fever, so he does not fear infection.

Wyman issues new orders to Carter, making him the quarantine officer at the port of Havana.

Carter discusses his public health work in Cuba. He comments on the American presence in Cuba.

In a Yellow-fever Camp: How the Pestilence Made Its Presence Known in Siboney---The American Hospital Tents in the Mountains--A Brave Physician and His Scanty Equipment

Reed writes that he misses her and that he is imagining how beautiful things are back at home. He mentions the Dreyfuss Affair and says the journalists believe France is close to revolution.

This Act increases the pension provided to Mabel Lazear.

Connor describes the progress against yellow fever in Mexico. He would like to have Carter's yellow fever articles translated into Spanish.

Andrus describes the work of the Yellow Fever Board and his role as a volunteer. He provides exacting lists of his fellow volunteers and their cases of yellow fever.

This draft of Wood's biography of Walter Reed was written for young readers and was eventually published by Julian Messner, Inc.

This partial manuscript of Moran's autobiography describes his early life, military career, service as a sanitary inspector under Gorgas in Panama, marriage, and business ventures. He discusses his relationship with Hench and their search for the actual site of Camp Lazear, as well as the difficulties stemming from the Reed-Finlay controversy. The section of the draft covering the yellow fever experiments is missing.

Emilie Lawrence Reed provides information on Walter Reed's favorite pet and her family life for Kelly.

Kissinger describes the yellow fever experiments and comments on the men involved. He also describes the experience of suffering from yellow fever and the treatment for the disease. Kissinger remarks on inaccuracies in the play "Yellow Jack." He maintains that he volunteered before Moran.

This map shows the area around Camp Columbia, Cuba.

This list gives names and salaries.

This document describes items related to yellow fever in detail; including letters, reports, medical charts, medals, artifacts, books, photographs, interview transcripts, magazines, and sketches.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.

The report describes efforts to pass a Congressional bill honoring the yellow fever volunteers and securing pensions.

Dr. Carter Off Today

This editorial lauds Carroll's achievements and supports the funding of a pension for his widow.

This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.

The Virginia Board of Health will have control over all impounded waters in matters affecting public health.

This Florida ordinance forbids untreated water collection, specifies treatments for collected water, and permits inspection and charges for violations.

The writer believes Cuba should not be quarantined until yellow fever appears again.

Carter discusses ways to modify a pond in order to minimize mosquito infestation.

This map shows a section of Panama City and highlights various businesses.

To Be Named in Honor of Dr. Lazear

Progress at the Hopkins

Five New Cases in Cienfuegos

Cabrera writes about the history of the Pedroso Palace in Havana, Cuba.

Von Mansfelde writes that he is eager to see that Carroll and Lazear receive due credit for their yellow fever work.

Would Honor Dr. Reed

Trinity Hall Closing Day - Tablet Unveiled in Memory of the Late Jesse William Lazear, M.D.

Heroism in Medical Investigation

Hanson writes about the reason for coming to Peru, the conditions found on his arrival, and the difficulties encountered. He discusses the various diseases identified and the causes of the general sanitary problems. Hanson presents remedies for the present conditions and discusses the possibility of the public and the Peruvian government accepting foreign aide.

Notes on Carroll's typhoid fever experiments in 1904.

The writer offers a political explanation for Ross's actions.

This obituary encourages friends and admirers of the late Jesse Lazear to contribute to a fund for a Memorial in his name.

Typed notes [by Philip S. Hench?] on James Carroll's typhoid fever experiments in 1904.

Lazear is ordered to report to Tampa, Florida, for transfer to Columbia Barracks, Cuba.

Cuban Investigator Victim of His Investigations

Lazear describes his domestic arrangements and gives his opinion on the Cuban political situation.

Lazear provides his impressions of Cuba.

Lazear writes that he will assist Reed in an investigation of a disinfectant. He offers his opinion on the political situation in Cuba.

Louise Kean writes about family news and political intrigue in Marianao. She comments on Cuban politics.

Louise Kean mentions a mutiny on the Sedgewick and a reception for Senators at the governor's palace. Either Jefferson Randolph Kean or Gorgas will be named Chief Surgeon of the Department.

Reed mentions the Surgeon General was disgusted with actions by DeWitt and Gorgas. Reed congratulates [Kean] on becoming Chief Sanitary Officer of Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear writes about his living arrangements and his laboratory. He discusses the political situation in Cuba.

Carter describes his life in Cuba. He discusses the Cuban-American political situation.

Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill has passed the House.

Lazear writes about family plans for the summer. He is pleased to be named a member of a board to study infectious diseases, headed by Walter Reed.

Will Study Fever

Reed provides a description of his quarters at Camp Columbia and relates the typical schedule of his day. He laments the lack of rain for Emilie Lawrence Reed's garden. He discusses finances and political trouble in China.

Lazear reports that his wife has been hospitalized.

Lazear writes about his travels to other posts to gather statistics.

Lazear describes a trip to Pinar del Rio. Mabel Lazear has had a long hospital stay.

Lazear reports that United States Army troops have been withdrawn from Guanajay and Pinar del Rio, although the United States will remain in Cuba for several years until a stable government is established. Lazear hopes to have work in Washington after the Cuban research is finished.

Kean discusses the responsibilities of his new position as part of the Cuban government. He mentions his son and a visit to the Governor's palace.

Dr. J.W. Lazear Is Dead

Grateful Nation Pensions Widows of Fever Martyrs

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear Dies in Havana

Dr. J.W. Lazear Is Dead

Lazear Obituary

The Summons of Death

This is an obituary for Jesse Lazear.

Ludlow defends his position against Wood's charges of concealing facts about yellow fever in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood describes Lazear's infection and death, and advocates for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

This article, which appeared in the "St. Louis Medical Review," discusses the transmission of yellow fever via mosquitos.

Wood lauds the work that Lazear did and praises him as a martyr.

Reed describes his voyage to Cuba. He also comments on the upcoming presidential election in the United States.

Reed remarks on Bryan's defeat in the United States presidential election. He describes various people at the camp. He discusses his work on yellow fever, including the possibility of human experimentation.

Lambert informs Truby that he has tried to gain recognition as a nurse for the experimental yellow fever cases. He explains the reasons why he thinks he should be included.

Morris reports that he will investigate what money may be due Mabel Lazear for Lazear's army services.

Lawrence Reed gives post news and notes Truby's comments concerning the yellow fever experiments. He inquires if she will visit at Christmas. He turns twenty-three tomorrow.

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital trustees petition Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Mattingly acknowledges receiving Kean's note of purchases.

Reed mentions the sixth case of experimental yellow fever, and that volunteers have gone thirty-five days without contracting yellow fever in the infected clothing test. He describes the condition of a yellow fever case and an experiment with blood injection.

This bill would award a pension to Mabel Lazear.

Reed discusses the army reorganization bill. He has finished his paper and remarks that the last experimental yellow fever cases are recovering.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He will be leaving for Cuba in a week. Lawrence Reed's battalion has been ordered to move, either to the United States or to the Philippines, and he mentions that Lawrence has a Cuban girlfriend.

Reed describes the triumph of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, and a Congressional resolution of appreciation.

Howard reports that he has lobbied Congress to acknowledge Lazear's service. He believes Lazear was a martyr.

Reed arrives in Washington. He discusses an article for the Journal of the American Medical Association and comments on the editor's changes. No promotion for Carroll is forthcoming.

Our Duty in Cuba

The Questions of the Day

On behalf of the Department of State, Hay requests two copies of Sternberg's circular on yellow fever for the Portuguese Minister.

Board Says Caldas Serum Is Failure

Kean encourages Reed to lobby for the office of Surgeon General.

Reed relays news of additional candidates for Surgeon General. He believes Kean should be Surgeon General instead of himself because he is concerned about his age.

Proposing strategy to advance Reed's candidacy for Surgeon General; Results of Carroll's experiments - organism passes through filter; includes typescript of article from the Army and Navy Journal in favor of Reed's promotion.

Kean offers Reed continued encouragement and strategy for the Surgeon General's post.

Mabel Lazear writes about family news. She reports that she has been lobbying for her pension.

Wood advocates a pension for Mabel Houston Lazear.

Osler writes that he will help secure Mabel Lazear's pension.

[Kean?] comments on the paucity of public praise that Reed has received. He maintains that his work should be recognized by the United States government, and ends with a call for a generous pension to Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Root credits major figures in the fight against yellow fever and requests that higher ranks be given to them. He reports that a battery at Fort Howard in Baltimore has been named “Battery Lazear.” [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The report recognizes the work of Reed, Gorgas, Kean, Carroll, and Lazear.

Conquest Of Yellow Five

This report contains extracts and resolutions honoring Walter Reed furnished by various individuals and institutions.

This testimonial supports a petition to Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Kean discusses La Garde's and Havard's candidacy for Surgeon General. There is a question of General Wood's support.

Houston provides news of Mabel Lazear and her children, as well as the effort to secure a pension for her.

Kahn writes that he will assist with Mabel Lazear's pension.

Houston provides news of Mabel Lazear and the children, as well as the pension efforts.

Mabel Lazear provides news of the children. She has received supportive letters and is still campaigning for her pension.

Kean provides news concerning the Surgeon General position. He has had a conversation with General Wood. Reed should return to Cuba.

Mabel Lazear writes with news of the children. She also discusses her efforts regarding the pension as well as Lazear Memorial efforts.

Mabel Lazear provides family news. Her pension bill needs only the president's signature to become official.

Mabel Lazear thanks Sweitzer for corsets she had sent. She provides news of her children, and says her pension bill has passed the House and the Senate.

Houston provides family news. She discusses letters of congratulation for the passage of the pension bill.

The Largest Military Post in the Island of Cuba

Cortelyou sends endorsements from the President concerning Reed succeeding Sternberg as the Surgeon General. The President also mentions O'Reilly. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Root acknowledges receipt of Martin's recommendation for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed asks for news of Keewaydin. He and Kean continue the campaign for Surgeon General.

Root acknowledges receipt of recommendations from the Faculty of Medicine at Harvard University for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed meets Kean. Reed hopes to get to Blue Ridge Summit (Keewaydin)soon. He describes boarding house meals.

Root acknowledges receipt of Welch's recommendation for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed writes that the boarding house fare has improved, though the coffee is still not good. Forwood tells Reed that his chances are excellent for a permanent appointment to be the Surgeon General.

Reed writes that he is returning to Cuba, and includes other political news about those who are candidates for Surgeon General. He says Roach's orchards are alive with locusts and expresses concern.

Major Walter Reed Dead

The Late Major Walter Reed

A World Benefactor

Kean discusses a strategy to lobby Congress to approve a pension for Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Wood lobbies for a pension for Lazear's widow.

This document concerns the work of Walter Reed.

In Behalf of Mrs. Reed

Scientists Urge a Pension

A preamble to the bill about to be presented to Congress grants Emilie Lawrence Reed a yearly pension of $4,000. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean solicits support for pension bills in Congress. He discusses biographical essays on Walter Reed by himself and Kelly.

Vaughan requests that a letter in support of the pension bill be sent to the Washington Post.

These endorsements from the Surgeon General's Office regard the audit of Walter Reed following his death and requests for Reed's photograph and service record. The endorsements are dated January 16, 1903 through October 12, 1903. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Walker requests a statement of service regarding Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dr. Reed's Great Work

Corbin sends a statement of military service of Reed to the Committee on Pensions regarding Senate Bill #6702. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean encourages Kelly to support the pension bill with a letter to the Washington Post.

Mrs. Reed's Pension Indorsed.

Pension for Mrs. Reed

The Auditor for the War Department requests a statement of military service for Reed. They are deciding if Reed is accountable for medical property. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas requests Mabel Lazear's opinion on raising a subscription for her benefit. He reports that Emilie Lawrence Reed was just granted a pension. He expresses his admiration for Lazear.

Tablet Unveiling

Gorgas hires Moran as sanitary inspector for the Panama Canal Zone.

The President of Panama, Manuel Amador Guerrero, invests the Canal Zone Sanitary Officer with full sanitary authority for Panama City and Colon.

Walker relates the terms of Moran's appointment to the sanitary staff of the Panama Canal Zone.

Moran is appointed clerk in the Canal Zone Health Department.

Blake discusses ancient theories involving yellow fever and mosquitoes.

Gorgas writes about his own work with the Canal Zone Sanitary Commission.

This report was prepared for the Smithsonian Institution and includes autographed notes.

Mason reports on the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department activities with appendices: A - plan of action; B - departmental organization; C - free distribution of quinine.

Gorgas writes to Reed concerning the organization of the Canal Zone Sanitary Department, and details problems in its function. Memorandum details the problems in the Panama Canal.

On behalf of the U.S. Navy Department, Morton expresses gratitude to Carter for his efforts in tending to the yellow fever outbreak on board the U.S.S. Boston.

Taylor encloses a letter thanking Carter for his attention to the yellow fever outbreak on board the U.S.S. Boston.

Carroll presents a chronology of Walter Reed's involvement with the Yellow Fever Commission. Carroll gives his own autobiography and provides information on the other participants in the study.

Taft details the requirements for the completion of the Panama Canal and the need to reorganize the Canal Commission.

Roosevelt reorganizes the Panama Canal Commission.

Gorgas responds to criticisms of Charles A. Reed. He presents an analysis of the Canal Zone Commission organization.

Magoon writes about yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone. He makes an official offer of full financial and manpower support for Gorgas to eradicate the disease.

Smith congratulates Carter for his promotion.

Windsor Mill Place

This report establishes that the Army General Hospital in the District of Columbia be named the Walter Reed United States Army General Hospital, in honor of Reed.

This copy of Kelly's Reed biography is a 1906 first edition published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New York. It was owned by Philip Hench, and contains autograph notes by him and others, mostly commenting on information believed to be in error. In addition to presenting a detailed biography of Reed, Kelly discusses at length the history of yellow fever, research on the disease, and the work of the Reed Yellow Fever Commission and its members. The book features several photographs of Reed, other members of the commission, and Cuban experimental sites.

Gorgas offers his opinion on the organization of the Sanitary Department in the Canal Zone. He also comments on his candidacy for the office of Surgeon General.

O'Reilly responds to Sterling's request for information about the career and promotion of Walter Reed. There is also concern about the article “The Public's Forgetfulness” which will be forwarded to the President. The record card is dated from May 5, 1906 to August 15, 1906.[Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Thayer requests the names and ages of the two Lazear children for further pension efforts.

This article, which appeared in "Outlook," deals with Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Gorgas writes about his reconciliation with Magoon, remarking that Magoon will probably recommend him as his successor in Panama. He also comments on the state of disease in Panama, noting that pneumonia remains primary problem.

Gorgas discusses career and salary issues and concerns. Gorgas supports James Carroll for the Nobel Prize.

Kean argues that Carroll deserves more recognition for his service. The last page includes Kelly's reply, dated September 10, 1906. Kelly writes that he will help to secure cooperation of Congressmen and write an article in support of Congressional action on behalf of the survivors and their families.

[Gorgas] writes about political maneuverings for staff appointments and promotions, and recognition for James Carroll.

Taft is anxious for Finlay to work with Jefferson Randolph Kean on stamping out yellow fever in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Taft writes that Kean has been detailed to assist Finlay in stamping out yellow fever in Cuba.

Kean writes his first letter home to his wife after his arrival in Cuba. He describes where he is living and how he has set up his office, as well as sends greetings from many of their acquaintances living in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Walter Reed Memorial

These minutes include a discussion of the failure of Congress to pass a bill to provide financial relief to James Carroll's family.

Wilson writes to the Editor concerning the situation of Kissinger. She hopes that something can be done for him.

Roosevelt advocates establishment of peace and order in Cuba, and rejects the idea of a U.S. protectorate there. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This report concerns James Carroll.

Stewart praises Kelly's book. He suggests corrections for clarification, and notes that he would emphasize the role of the Public Health Service.

Mabel Lazear sympathizes with Carroll over his lack of pension, noting how difficult it was for her to receive support. She comments on Mansfelde's effort regarding credit due Lazear.

Fulton encloses an editorial proof from the Maryland Medical Journal in support of the Carroll pension bill.

Von Mansfelde comments on the work of Lazear and Carroll regarding the Yellow Fever Commission. He believes that Mabel Lazear and James Carroll should receive the same pension as Emilie Lawrence Reed.

O'Reilly informs Meade that the Walter Reed Memorial Fund has increased Emilie Lawrence Reed's pension, that James Carroll has been promoted to Major, and that Mabel H. Lazear has been minimally compensated for her husband's work. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support.

Dean writes about the financial and physical condition of Kissinger (a yellow fever experiment patient) and discusses a pension bill for him in Congress.

Watson writes that the New York Merchants' Association wants to work for a pension increase for her. He believes Lazear's work has been slighted.

Mead requests a financial statement so that he can continue working to increase her pension.

Watson writes about work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Watson writes that he is trying to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his continued support.

Winifred Lyster sends a contribution for Kissinger.

A Hero from the Ranks

The article, which appeared in "Outlook," outlines Kissinger's contribution to the yellow fever work and appeals for financial contributions for his care.

Christensen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Minturn sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Getman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

This is a typed copy of a correspondence from July 6, 1907, but includes a financial statement at the bottom of the letter not contained in the original autograph version.

La Nacionalizacion de los Servicios Sanitarios.

San Magoon - El que Todo lo Puede.

Gould sends a contribution for Kissinger.

The mayor of Cienfuegos announces, in light of an outbreak of yellow fever, that all water containers must be brought up to code within 48 hours.

Denby makes a contribution to the fund for Kissinger. As a member of Congress, he offers to introduce a bill in the House of Representatives. Included at the end of the letter is a reply from [Kelly] to Denby, on September 4, 1907, thanking him for his contribution.

Questions of the Day

Washington Gets Magoon's Report

The Zeal and Efficiency Shown by Our Medical Officers

Magoon Will Issue Sanitary Decree

Decree Nationalizing Sanitation in Cuba

National Sanitation - Some Objections.

On Cuban Sanitation.

Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that Carroll has died. He discusses work to increase her pension.

Carroll thanks Kelly for his letter of sympathy. She will loan him a photograph of her late husband.

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his financial support. John Kissinger does not regret taking part in the experiment.

Cushing writes about plans to speak at a meeting in support of Jennie Carroll.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

King honors Carroll and others. He lays emphasis on his contribution to national health. He supports a pension.

Arnold defends the reputation of Ross.

Donnally thanks Kelly for his fairness to Carroll.

Kelly discusses Denby's offer to initiate a pension bill for Kissinger.

Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support and notes that John Kissinger's health fails him at times.

King responds to questions regarding publications of the Philosophical Society. He makes reference to a Smithsonian Institution report.

Denby discusses strategy for introducing the pension bill for Kissinger.

Finlay discusses the creation and function of the Superior Board of Health, which included establishing new sanitary ordinances. He continues by discussing the two most severe outbreaks of disease in Cuba since 1901: smallpox and yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle reports on the duties of the National Sanitary Board, which required all the local sanitary offices to submit to new rules of operation. He goes into great detail about all the various sanitary methods used throughout Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean sends Magoon the report of the Chief Sanitary Officer of Cuba for the past year and comments extensively on sanitation and the yellow fever.

[Latimer] thanks Denby for his efforts regarding the Kissinger pension bill.

Are Our Heroes of Peace Neglected?

Von Mansfelde requests a copy of the program for the Carroll Memorial Dinner and a copy of the letter von Mansfelde wrote Kelly regarding Carroll's promotion. Von Mansfelde adds that he is continuing to work for pensions for the widows of Lazear and Carroll.

Von Mansfelde discusses his work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Mead, on behalf of the Merchants' Association of New York, expresses support for the Carroll and Lazear pension bills.

Ida Kissinger discusses John Kissinger's pension and thanks Kelly.

Kean discusses the present sanitary conditions in Cuba. He states that there has been a breakdown in sanitary procedures since the American withdrawal and recommends that local sanitation boards be abolished in favor of a National Sanitary Board. Kean writes that yellow fever is moving out to rural areas, instead of concentrating in urban centers. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Latimer] notes that Kissinger already receives a small annual pension.

This bill grants a pension to Mabel Lazear.

Von Mansfelde writes about his work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

This is a bill for Mabel Lazear's pension. It credits Lazear with discovering the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.

The writer acknowledges the receipt of a letter concerning Kissinger's pension increase. Kelly awaits instructions for further assistance.

Hill comments on a strategy to lobby Congress for pension bills.

Dalzell will support an increase in Mabel Lazear's pension.

Booth notes the actions taken for Kissinger's pension and her attentions to the Kissinger family.

Denby inquires about Kissinger's existing pension.

The Merchants' Association of New York will work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Von Mansfelde writes that he is working to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Mead writes about work to increase the pensions for the families of Lazear and Carroll.

Thomas Lazear provides family news, and details pending action on the pension increase.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Von Mansfelde details his political maneuvering to get the pension bill passed.

This circular relates Lazear's role in the yellow fever research.

Mabel Lazear explains the breadth of support for her annuity from various groups.

This list supplies the names of the members of the Committee on Pensions who might favorably view Mabel Lazear's request for an annuity.

This pamphlet contains letters bearing on yellow fever conditions in Cuba.

This bill grants an annuity to Mabel Lazear.

The pension voted by Congress for Mabel Lazear is being opposed by a member of the Reparations Committee. Williams requests help in pressuring the committee in her favor.

Grateful Nation Pensions Widows of Fever Martyrs

This is an incomplete, hand-corrected draft of an obituary of James Carroll, written for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

Mead provides an update on the bill in the House of Representatives and the Senate to grant a pension to Mabel Lazear.

Mead discusses a memorandum for President Roosevelt concerning support for the beneficiaries of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Von Mansfelde sends Mabel Lazear an update on preparations to pass a bill to support the widows and children of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Price requests that Kelly make a deposition in support of a pension for Jennie Carroll.

Kean cites a lack of support for sanitary measures by the Cuban authorities, and an increase in the incidence of yellow fever. He requests assignment of another medical officer to his staff.

The Provisional Governor of Cuba grants Kean's request for another medical officer.

Von Mansfelde reports that the Senate Committee on Pensions voted favorably on the Lazear and Carroll pension bills. The House committee members also support the measure.

Von Mansfelde writes that politics are involved in procuring passage of the pension bills.

William Lazear writes about buying skates, and Mabel Lazear informs Sweitzer that she is awaiting news on a possible increase in her pension.

The Committee on Pensions reports on a possible increase in the pensions of Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear.

Mead reports that the bill passed by the Senate will grant pensions to the widows of Lazear and Carroll.

Welch sends Mabel Lazear a check from Phipps. Welch hopes that the pension increase will pass the House.

Mabel Lazear writes that the pension bill has passed the Senate. She also relates family news.

Pillsbury writes to Senator Perkins in support of a pension increase for Mabel Lazear.

Pillsbury informs Mabel Lazear that he supports her pension and encloses a copy of the letter he sent to Senators Perkins and Flint.

Pillsbury informs Mabel Lazear that the members of the House of Representatives from California will do all they can to pass the Senate pension bill.

Thomas Lazear writes about the difficulties in passing a pension bill on behalf of the families of Carroll and Lazear.

Mead discusses the pension bills before Congress.

The Merchants' Association informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill passed the Senate by unanimous consent, but still needs the president's signature.

O'Reilly confirms that his office has no objection to the approval of a bill that proposes increasing the pensions being provided for Jennie Carroll and Mabel H. Lazear. The letter is accompanied by a partial copy of Report No. 431 of the 60th Congress, which specifies the rationale for the proposed bill. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Mead informs Mabel Lazear that the Dalzell Bill has passed both the Senate and the House.

The Bill awards pensions to Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear from the War Department in recognition of their husbands' service in the yellow fever work.

This is a draft of the bill granting annuities to Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear.

Von Mansfelde writes that the president supports the annuity bill.

The Merchants' Association informs Mabel Lazear that the president has signed the annuity bill.

Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that the president has signed the annuity bill.

Thomas Lazear writes that Representative Dalzell guided the pension bill through the House.

Thomas Lazear informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill has passed.

The Paymaster General of the Army designates a payment schedule for the annuity of Mabel Lazear.

Magoon urges Amesse to support an end to the quarantine of Cuba, arguing that there is no danger to the United States.

Agramonte describes his role with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are autograph notes by Truby and Hench.

Sanitation in Cuba

The Chief Sanitary Officer details actions taken to prevent yellow fever.

Gorgas writes to O'Reilly concerning the administrative reorganizations in the Panama Canal Zone. He offers a political analysis of the situation.

Thomason discusses a yellow fever patient, Manuel Casas.

The New Quarantine

Kean protests against the American quarantine of all Cuban ports.

Ernst seeks advice on the status of the Carnegie Hero Fund application for Kissinger.

Barnet comments on the effectiveness of the National Sanitary Service, the problems of quarantine, and the general improvement of sanitary standards within Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean submits the report of the National Sanitary Department, and states that yellow fever is presently exterminated throughout Cuba. Kean, however, claims that the U.S. is too harsh with the quarantine regulations imposed upon Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The report concludes that improved sanitation efforts between 1906 and 1909 left Cuba entirely free of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Magoon discusses the creation of the Nationalized Sanitary Department, which has caused the final extinction of yellow fever. He also mentions the violation of the quarantine restrictions by the United States. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This article, appearing in the "Journal of the American Medical Association," makes an appeal for monetary contributions to James Carroll's surviving family.

[Kean] informs Ellis about the military service of John R. Kissinger and gives details of Kissinger's participation in the yellow fever experiments. Included is a note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas would like Kean to inspect the hospitals in Panama in order to pass on recommendation to Torney so they can be used as instructional institutions. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

More Pension for Mrs. Reed

This extract, by Guiteras, discusses Finlay's work on yellow fever and his association with the U.S. Yellow Fever Commission.

Agramonte informs Kissinger that he has written to members of the United States Congress on his behalf.

This document describes in detail the appointment and work of the Yellow Fever Commission and includes an autographed note by Kean.

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

This bill proposes a statue and tablet to honor the members of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Trying to Reward a Great Hero

Taylor writes that the mother of Clara Louise Maass is receiving a pension. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This article deals with disease in the tropics.

This 250 page book includes chapters about Walter Reed as well as the publications of Reed and his associates, the publications of James Carroll, reports from the sanitary officers in Havana, Cuba, and directions for destroying mosquitoes. Published in Washington by the Government Printing Office, it includes illustrations, portraits, and diagrams. The book is autographed by Mrs. Walter Reed, Jefferson R. Kean, A. S. Pinto, L. O. Howard, Albert E. Truby, Mrs. Jesse Lazear, William H. Lazear, and A. Diaz Albertini. It is also autographed by John R. Kissinger, John J. Moran, John H. Andrus, James Leonard Hanberry and John R. Bullard, who served as volunteers for the U. S. Yellow Fever Commission's experiments in Cuba. Mrs. Walter Reed gave the book to Philip Showalter Hench who heavily annotated it.

Excerpts regard the publication of “Major Walter Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission - A Compilation.” The Smithsonian Institution requests photographs of Walter Reed. The record card is dated January 12, 1911 through September 12, 1911. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Report Says Arosemena Cannot Be Re-Elected [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

Argentine Would Accept John Ridgely Carter [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

Glennan confidentially informs Carter of a possible detail in Hawaii.