This document provides details about the members of the Yellow Fever Commission and lists all the volunteers for the yellow fever experiments. There is also a motion to provide a better monetary reward to these volunteers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Office of the Surgeon General lists the individuals on the yellow fever roll of honor. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This document covers the accomplishments of the Army Medical Corps, including the conquest of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This lists ten volunteers, including eight Spaniards, for the yellow fever experiments done by Juan Guiteras.

The American Association for Medical Progress briefly outlines the history of yellow fever and the Yellow Fever Commission, and concludes that animal experimentation is crucial in order to save human lives.

Andrus answers questions about Ames and mentions the kindness of Lambert.

This documents lists the Yellow Fever Board and the volunteers in the yellow fever experiments. Also see [03143001]. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Heroism in Medical Investigation

[Hench] outlines details of the yellow fever investigation, including a diagram of the Board's laboratory at Columbia Barracks.

In this pamphlet published for the American Museum of Natural History, Peabody discusses the history of yellow fever, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, and the later history of the yellow fever heroes of 1900. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This manuscript discusses Walter Reed's yellow fever experiments in Cuba and provides letters written by Reed.

Truby discusses Carroll's career.

Andrus describes the work of the Yellow Fever Board and his role as a volunteer. He provides exacting lists of his fellow volunteers and their cases of yellow fever.

Howard reflects on his lifetime of work with mosquitoes. He includes a transcript of a January 13, 1901 letter from Walter Reed describing the success of Reed's experiments. A transcript of a February 20, 1902 letter from Ronald Ross discusses Ross' work in Africa.

This draft of Wood's biography of Walter Reed was written for young readers and was eventually published by Julian Messner, Inc.

This partial manuscript of Moran's autobiography describes his early life, military career, service as a sanitary inspector under Gorgas in Panama, marriage, and business ventures. He discusses his relationship with Hench and their search for the actual site of Camp Lazear, as well as the difficulties stemming from the Reed-Finlay controversy. The section of the draft covering the yellow fever experiments is missing.

Kosslow writes a succinct but vivid account of Walter Reed's life, dealing with his work on typhoid and yellow fever.

Sturgis sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kissinger describes the yellow fever experiments and comments on the men involved. He also describes the experience of suffering from yellow fever and the treatment for the disease. Kissinger remarks on inaccuracies in the play "Yellow Jack." He maintains that he volunteered before Moran.

Moran's translation of entries made in Rojas' journal are certified by Rojas' widow as conforming in tenor to the original.

Moran's translation of entries made in Rojas' journal concern payment by Kean for the use of land on the San Jose farm by the yellow fever commission

This document describes items related to yellow fever in detail; including letters, reports, medical charts, medals, artifacts, books, photographs, interview transcripts, magazines, and sketches.

Goldbacher sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Frye sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

Thomas sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Truby describes his experiences and observations in Cuba from 1898-1902, focusing on Lazear's story.

Student of Yellow Fever: Dr. Lazear Really Sacrificed His Life to Science

Pinto describes Reed's use of mosquitoes acquired from Finlay and the first experiments with volunteers.

This report supports Ames' inclusion in the Act, approved February 28, 1929, to recognize the public service rendered and disabilities incurred as voluntary subjects for inoculation during the yellow fever investigations in Cuba.

This biography focuses on the reasons why Ames should be included with the Yellow Fever Board and the volunteer soldiers in the Roll of Honor.

These are original lists of men undergoing the yellow fever experiments, with an autograph note by Hench.

This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.

Mosquito Control Ends Fatal Plague of Yellow Fever

To Be Named in Honor of Dr. Lazear

Progress at the Hopkins

Tate analyzes the checkbook stubs for Camp Lazear. He thinks that Lambert has reason to feel upset, because he nursed yellow fever patients and the only extra check made out to him was for $20.

This typescript deals with Hench's discussion of the recently discovered notebook containing the lab notes of Lazear and Reed. Hench credited Laura Wood with the discovery. The speech was given before the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynecologists and Abdominal Surgeons.

This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.

Trinity Hall Closing Day - Tablet Unveiled in Memory of the Late Jesse William Lazear, M.D.

[Carter] writes Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, the Finlay controversy, and how the discovery of the mosquito as the vector of transmission for yellow fever relied on the work of many contributors.

Heroism in Medical Investigation

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear

Notes on Carroll's typhoid fever experiments in 1904.

The writer offers a political explanation for Ross's actions.

Typed notes [by Philip S. Hench?] on James Carroll's typhoid fever experiments in 1904.

Special Orders #17 transfers Andrus to the Hospital Corps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed is astonished that yellow fever remains unrecognized at Pinar del Rio. He recommends measures taken to avoid an epidemic, and the use of human experimentation to study the disease.

Reed worries about Carroll's sickness and wonders if it is the result of the bite of a mosquito that had previously bitten yellow fever patients. He discloses that they had all determined to experiment on themselves, and he would have done so if he had been there. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The fever chart has a notation written by Ames stating that Dean is the same as X.Y.Z.

Reed discusses the mosquito as the vector for yellow fever and the amount of evidence necessary to prove this hypothesis.

Kean describes the contributions and sacrifices that Lazear has made for science, and asks Sternberg to make a public statement about Lazear's death and his courage in life. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed discusses the probability of a mosquito vector for yellow fever. He regrets his absence from Cuba. He will not experiment on himself, and anticipates a publication on the etiology of the disease.

Reed assures Emilie Lawrence Reed of his safety. He explains the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.

Wood describes Lazear's infection and death, and advocates for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Kean writes about his rationale for remaining as Post Surgeon at Columbia Barracks instead of taking position at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. He comments on the lasting value of Reed's work.

Reed remarks on Bryan's defeat in the United States presidential election. He describes various people at the camp. He discusses his work on yellow fever, including the possibility of human experimentation.

Lazear wants to know the circumstances behind her husband's death of yellow fever. She has a hard time believing that her husband allowed an infected mosquito to bite his hand. She thanks Carroll for sending her the money orders.

Mabel H. Lazear asks Carroll for information on the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.

Special Orders #81 recommends that eight privates be detailed for temporary duty at the experimental sanitary camp at Columbia Barracks and report to Reed. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

These Special Orders #83 detail Forbes, Morris, Kissinger, and Ames to report to Walter Reed at Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #83 relieves Forbes of his assignment, assigns Morris and Kissinger to temporary duty at the experimental sanitary camp at Columbia Barracks, and orders Ames to report to Reed for temporary duty.

Lambert informs Truby that he has tried to gain recognition as a nurse for the experimental yellow fever cases. He explains the reasons why he thinks he should be included.

This is a list of the names, dates, and hometowns of the American volunteers and also lists the individuals who recruited them for the yellow fever experiments.

Sternberg forwards Reed's paper for peer review. He agrees that the inoculation experiments must continue in order to provide scientific proof. He recommends that a search for the yellow fever parasite should begin.

Reed writes that he has found mosquitoes and volunteers for his experiments, and will now proceed with the laboratory work. He comments on newspaper reports about yellow fever.

The article describes the connection between the mosquito and yellow fever.

Reed reports that the experimental camp is nearing completion. He notes the effect of cool weather on yellow fever cases and suggests the mosquito as a vector for the disease.

Horrendo...Si Es Cierto. This article is an expression of outrage by the newspaper staff regarding the rumor that Spanish immigrants are unknowingly being used in an experiment to test transmission of yellow fever by mosquito bites.

This is a translation of an article, originally appearing in “La Discusion” (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), in which the rumor of human experimentation is discussed and criticized.

Horrific... If it's true!

Horrendo...Si Es Cierto

Reed expresses concern for his wife's gout, but he also teases her. He relates a newspaper controversy over the yellow fever experiments, particularly concerning the American and Spanish volunteers, and consent forms.

In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.

Horrible...Si Es Cierto. This article provides details from an anonymous contributor about a yellow fever experiment.

Horrible...If's it's true!

A Cazar...Por Fuerza Huyendole A La Quema

Del Consulado de Espana

La Fiebre Amarilla

This consent form includes the minimum age requirements, the limited liability of the Yellow Fever Commission, and the amount of money volunteers shall receive.

This consent form includes the minimum age requirements, the limited liability of the Yellow Fever Commission, and the amount of money volunteers will receive.

Reed mentions the houses constructed at the experimental camp. He describes the experimentation methods and plans. He anticipates a trip to Keewaydin in May.

Reed expresses empathy for his wife's gout. He writes that the experimental camp is almost completed and will soon be ready for work.

Fourteen patients are listed by name, place of birth, dates of illness and other details, for Camp Lazear, Columbia Barracks, Cuba.

Reed describes methods of experimentation and the progress of the work at Camp Lazear.

Reed gives an assessment of the criticism directed at the experimental project. He believes that it is unfounded.

Lawrence Reed gives post news and notes Truby's comments concerning the yellow fever experiments. He inquires if she will visit at Christmas. He turns twenty-three tomorrow.

Reed writes of Emilie Lawrence Reed's health. He discusses finances and plans for their house at Keewaydin. He expresses concern over the experiments since they have not yet achieved positive results.

Louise Kean writes that Jefferson Randolph Kean's stepmother is coming to Cuba. She describes the excitement over the first case of experimental yellow fever at Camp Lazear.

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

Reed announces that his theory about the mosquito is right and describes Kissinger's illness and the good health of the volunteers in the infected bedding house. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.

Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.

Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.

Louise Kean writes about the success of Reed's yellow fever experiments with infected mosquitoes and clothing.

Reed states that cases of yellow fever are diagnosed and confirmed from his experiments, which proves the mosquito theory.

Reed reports that there are four diagnosed cases of yellow fever within the period of incubation.

Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.

Mosquitos and Yellow Fever

Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.

This document lists the names of the volunteers for the fomite experiments along with what soiled clothing and bedding they were given. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Sternberg responds to Reed's letter concerning the success of the experiments. He notes that he has received reprints of Reed's paper in the "Journal of Experimental Medicine."

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. A handwritten note states that Kean wrote up this order in the absence of Havard. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean writes about studying for his upcoming promotion examination. He notes that the scientists are seeing important results from the mosquito experiments. A dinner will be held in honor of Finlay.

Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.

Fever chart A ends on January 2, 1901.

Fever chart “B” ends on January 3, 1901.

Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.

Reed describes the round of holiday parties, including one at the governor's palace, in Havana. He injects blood from the last yellow fever patient into a volunteer.

Reed writes about Emilie Lawrence Reed's recovery, as well as his toothache. He discusses financial matters, including expenditures at Keewaydin. His last yellow fever patient is recovering.

Photo by US Army Medical Museum.

This is a list of twelve U.S. Army Hospital Corps members who were stationed at Camp Lazear.

These three notes list the human-experiment volunteers who were exposed to fomites, infected by injections of blood, and infected by mosquitoes.

This is an outline, organized chronologically, of Kean's experience with the Yellow Fever Commission.

This document lists the enlisted men involved in the yellow fever experiments and their rate of pay per day. It also lists the men that were paid $100 and $200 for volunteering. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed mentions the sixth case of experimental yellow fever, and that volunteers have gone thirty-five days without contracting yellow fever in the infected clothing test. He describes the condition of a yellow fever case and an experiment with blood injection.

Kean describes the round of New Year's parties, his children, and studying for his promotional exam. Kean also details the success of the mosquito experiments and the army's efforts to eliminate mosquitoes.

Reassures her; date of his return; safety of experiments; difficulties attendant on her visiting; he will return soon, in about five weeks.

Carry Yellow Fever Germs

Special Orders #10 orders England and Sonntag to experimental camp with Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Latest About Yellow Fever

Reed writes a letter of recommendation for Moran.

The Etiology of Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Germs

Causes Yellow Fever

These letters and supporting documents concern the request by Caldas and Bellingaghi to demonstrate their yellow fever serum. Included are translations from original Spanish letters and recommendations from Caldas and Tellez. Havard requests a medical commission to examine these claims. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard reports on the claims of Caldas and Bellingaghi that they discovered a preventative and curative serum for yellow fever. Havard is skeptical because Caldas does not provide any information regarding his process of isolation and culture. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Chart plots temperature and pulse of a yellow fever volunteer after the use of the Caldas' vaccine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Illustration: Hoy las Ciencias Adelantan Que es una Barbaridad!

The Third Mosquito Victim

The Martyrs of Science

Louise Kean writes about yellow fever research, including the failed experiments of Caldas and Carroll's work.

Caldas, in defense of his vaccine, outlines reasons for his diagnosis of septic fever rather than yellow fever for the volunteers who became sick after being infected with yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard provides evidence that Caldas' and Bellingaghi's theories are unsound and should not be accepted. He includes a detailed time-line of events and a list of arguments to conclude his report against Caldas. Enclosed are charts, reports, and other documents used as evidence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Yellow Fever Experiments

Reed discusses Carroll's experiments, comments on Springer's involvement, and makes recommendations.

Louise Kean writes about the Keans' travels, her daughter's ear infections, and a case of experimental yellow fever.

The Lazear Memorial

In Memory of Lazear

This testimonial supports a petition to Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Reed praises the service of Lazear and insists he died in the line of duty.

Warner's article describes her role in the yellow fever experiments and how to best care for yellow fever patients. An autograph note follows the text and calls the piece a "pure fabrication as to her part."

In Memory of Lazear

A World Benefactor

Christopher Reed provides a biographical sketch of Walter Reed written.

This document concerns the work of Walter Reed.

Stark presents a paper about the measures taken by Reed and his commission to prove it was the mosquito, and not fomites, that was responsible for the spread of yellow fever. Published in The University of Virginia Alumni Bulletin, vol. 3.

Carroll writes that Agramonte was not present at the meeting where self-inoculation was discussed by Reed, Carroll and Lazear. Furthermore, he was only informed about the results of the experiments when Reed was about to leave Cuba, in October of 1900. He maintains that Finlay should not be awarded credit for the discovery of the mosquito theory.

McCaw outlines Reed's career, especially his work with yellow fever, and concludes by requesting a monument to Walter Reed in Washington, D.C. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Gorgas hires Moran as sanitary inspector for the Panama Canal Zone.

Thayer believes that Lazear should receive credit for being the first to advocate the mosquito theory to the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carroll presents a chronology of Walter Reed's involvement with the Yellow Fever Commission. Carroll gives his own autobiography and provides information on the other participants in the study.

Agramonte writes about the responsibilities of the Yellow Fever Commission members, and gives a brief chronology of their activities.

Yellow fever infection

Windsor Mill Place

This copy of Kelly's Reed biography is a 1906 first edition published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New York. It was owned by Philip Hench, and contains autograph notes by him and others, mostly commenting on information believed to be in error. In addition to presenting a detailed biography of Reed, Kelly discusses at length the history of yellow fever, research on the disease, and the work of the Reed Yellow Fever Commission and its members. The book features several photographs of Reed, other members of the commission, and Cuban experimental sites.

Carroll comments on Kelly's manuscript. He corrects errors of fact, and objects to the attention given Reed to the detriment of himself, Lazear, and the rest of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carroll gives Latimer permission to quote from letters that he provided to her. He objects to their characterization of his work after Walter Reed's experiments.

This article, which appeared in "Outlook," deals with Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Kean informs Carroll that efforts are being made for Carroll to receive some substantial recognition for his services with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll gives a detailed report about his involvement with the yellow fever project in Cuba and the necessity of having human volunteers. He also provides a listing of his publications. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll writes about the Yellow Fever Board's determination to investigate the mosquito theory. Carroll claims that he first proposed Board inoculate themselves. Included is an apparent draft, with autograph notations, and a final copy of the same letter.

Carroll will meet Latimer to discuss Kelly's book. Carroll offers corrections, and states that Lazear's work is not given due credit.

Carroll forwards to Kelly his account of the autopsy of the first fatal case in his yellow fever experiments.

Howard sends Kelly copies of two letters from Reed.

Roosevelt, O'Reilly, and McCaw make statements about the value of the yellow fever experiments to humanity. A detailed history of the project is given, along with mention of all the individuals involved, including a listing of all the volunteers in the project. Numerous quotations are cited from various speeches and memorials dedicated to Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll requests the return of his letter describing a post mortem exam.

The report argues in support of nominating Finlay and Agramonte for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This document gives names and contribution amounts for the Kissinger Relief Fund.

This note encloses a contribution for Kissinger, and mentions the Outlook essay.

These minutes include a discussion of the failure of Congress to pass a bill to provide financial relief to James Carroll's family.

Wilson writes to the Editor concerning the situation of Kissinger. She hopes that something can be done for him.

Kissinger provides Wilson with his address and relates his circumstances.

This report concerns James Carroll.

Moran provides his autobiography, including his experiences as a participant in the yellow fever experiments.

Wilson relays Kissinger's situation to Kelly.

Kissinger requests an article on yellow fever experimentation from Kelly.

Kissinger writes about his improved finances, his ill health, and his gratitude for the many contributions.

Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support.

Rojas rents the lime kilns and quarries on his San Jose farm to Zunzunegui, who may occupy the two small wooden houses.

Dean writes about the financial and physical condition of Kissinger (a yellow fever experiment patient) and discusses a pension bill for him in Congress.

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his continued support.

John Kissinger's back problems are limiting his activity.

Wallace sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Winifred Lyster sends a contribution for Kissinger.

A Hero from the Ranks

The article, which appeared in "Outlook," outlines Kissinger's contribution to the yellow fever work and appeals for financial contributions for his care.

Christensen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Minturn sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Morgan sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Dorothy and Wise send a contribution for Kissinger.

The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Getman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kleberg sends a contribution for Kissinger.

McKnight sends a contribution for Kissinger.

McCutchen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Duffield sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Chrystie sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Sherman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Sanford sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Hall sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Rittenhouse sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Spooner sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Hawkins sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Blackwood sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Ropes sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Penrose sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Ida Kissinger profusely thanks Kelly for the latest check and claims that his continued friendship is more important than the money.

This is a typed copy of a correspondence from July 6, 1907, but includes a financial statement at the bottom of the letter not contained in the original autograph version.

The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Gilman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Morgan requests Kissinger's address and mentions the Shut-in Society, which provides wheelchairs to needy persons.

Hinkle sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Otis sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Babcock sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kimball sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Jackson sends a contribution for Kissinger. Her husband knew Kissinger as a hospital attendant.

Senter sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Wingate sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Booth offers assistance to the Kissinger family.

Wilson sends a contribution for Kissinger.

The Editors of Outlook forward a contribution for Kissinger to Kelly.

Hall sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Keen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Hamlin refers to the Outlook article on the Kissingers.

Wilson sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Gould sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kennedy sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Bonham sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Denby makes a contribution to the fund for Kissinger. As a member of Congress, he offers to introduce a bill in the House of Representatives. Included at the end of the letter is a reply from [Kelly] to Denby, on September 4, 1907, thanking him for his contribution.

Butcher sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Osgood sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Carroll thanks Kelly for his letter of sympathy. She will loan him a photograph of her late husband.

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his financial support. John Kissinger does not regret taking part in the experiment.

Kissinger expresses gratitude for the letters supporting him.

Cushing writes about plans to speak at a meeting in support of Jennie Carroll.

Carroll thanks Latimer for her sympathy. She notes additional speakers for the meeting at Johns Hopkins.

Skinner writes that he will attend a meeting at the Maryland Club. He expresses his sentiments for Carroll.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

King honors Carroll and others. He lays emphasis on his contribution to national health. He supports a pension.

Kelly discusses Denby's offer to initiate a pension bill for Kissinger.

Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support and notes that John Kissinger's health fails him at times.

Denby discusses strategy for introducing the pension bill for Kissinger.

Kelly requests permission to publish a letter from Carroll stating that Guiteras refused permission to take blood for the yellow fever experiments. Guiteras responds - in a autograph note on the same document - that he had no authority to permit or prevent Carroll from proceeding as he wished.

Kelly discusses the conflict between Carroll and Guiteras.

[Latimer] thanks Denby for his efforts regarding the Kissinger pension bill.

Are Our Heroes of Peace Neglected?

Von Mansfelde requests a copy of the program for the Carroll Memorial Dinner and a copy of the letter von Mansfelde wrote Kelly regarding Carroll's promotion. Von Mansfelde adds that he is continuing to work for pensions for the widows of Lazear and Carroll.

Ida Kissinger discusses John Kissinger's pension and thanks Kelly.

This is a bill for Mabel Lazear's pension. It credits Lazear with discovering the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.

The writer acknowledges the receipt of a letter concerning Kissinger's pension increase. Kelly awaits instructions for further assistance.

Denby inquires about Kissinger's existing pension.

The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Hemmeter gives a chronological account of all the work done by Carroll with regard to yellow fever, and includes a series of letters written by Carroll to his wife, to Walter Reed, and to several others. Hemmeter attempts to rectify what he sees as a lack of proper recognition or reward to Carroll and his family for the part he played in determining the cause of yellow fever.

This circular relates Lazear's role in the yellow fever research.

Grateful Nation Pensions Widows of Fever Martyrs

This is an incomplete, hand-corrected draft of an obituary of James Carroll, written for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

The Kissingers inform Kelly of their poor financial situation and John Kissinger's failing health.

O'Reilly confirms that his office has no objection to the approval of a bill that proposes increasing the pensions being provided for Jennie Carroll and Mabel H. Lazear. The letter is accompanied by a partial copy of Report No. 431 of the 60th Congress, which specifies the rationale for the proposed bill. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Kissingers inform Kelly that they have moved to a less expensive house. John Kissinger's health continues to worsen.

The writer asks Wilmot to consider supplementing Kissinger's pension.

Latimer writes about assistance for the Kissingers and possible strategy for applying to the Carnegie Fund.

Latimer agrees that Kelly and herself should stop supporting the Kissingers, but she still wants to find alternative sources of income for them.

The Kissingers are concerned that they have somehow offended Kelly.

In this sworn statement, Agramonte details the Board's work on yellow fever. Agramonte asserts he began to discuss mosquito transmission in June 1900. A month later, the Board seriously began to consider mosquito agency and the Board then began its mosquito research. Lazear, because of his training in mosquito work, assumed leadership in the mosquito testing. Following Lazear's death, Agramonte carried out the breeding and infecting of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Agramonte is notified that his letter has been received and filed for future reference. Agramonte's letter of August 31, 1908, is included, testifying to the sequence of events in the work carried out by the Army Board on Yellow Fever. Included are two notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Ernst seeks advice on the status of the Carnegie Hero Fund application for Kissinger.

Latimer writes that it may be necessary to appeal directly to Andrew Carnegie himself on behalf of the Kissingers.

Latimer reports problems with the Carnegie Fund application.

Ernst seeks Kelly's advice in order to organize a campaign in support of Kissinger.

Keen requests information on all those who volunteered for the yellow fever experiments.

Ernst discusses difficulties involving Carnegie funding for the Kissingers.

This article, appearing in the "Journal of the American Medical Association," makes an appeal for monetary contributions to James Carroll's surviving family.

[Kean] informs Ellis about the military service of John R. Kissinger and gives details of Kissinger's participation in the yellow fever experiments. Included is a note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for the photograph of his family. John Kissinger's health is improving.

Kean details the methods the Sanitary Inspectors used in Cuba to combat yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This document describes in detail the appointment and work of the Yellow Fever Commission and includes an autographed note by Kean.

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

Trying to Reward a Great Hero

Guiteras informs the Surgeon General that they have seemingly overlooked the work of Taylor when listing those involved with the yellow fever investigation, and urges him to have Taylor's name included.

The Surgeon General requests more information from Guiteras on Taylor. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This 250 page book includes chapters about Walter Reed as well as the publications of Reed and his associates, the publications of James Carroll, reports from the sanitary officers in Havana, Cuba, and directions for destroying mosquitoes. Published in Washington by the Government Printing Office, it includes illustrations, portraits, and diagrams. The book is autographed by Mrs. Walter Reed, Jefferson R. Kean, A. S. Pinto, L. O. Howard, Albert E. Truby, Mrs. Jesse Lazear, William H. Lazear, and A. Diaz Albertini. It is also autographed by John R. Kissinger, John J. Moran, John H. Andrus, James Leonard Hanberry and John R. Bullard, who served as volunteers for the U. S. Yellow Fever Commission's experiments in Cuba. Mrs. Walter Reed gave the book to Philip Showalter Hench who heavily annotated it.

Latimer elaborates the differences between the first and second editions of the book: Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.

Latimer writes to Waterson regarding Kissinger's pension.

Leidelin claims that he has successfully infected a guinea pig with yellow fever. He hopes to receive U.S. Public Health Service support.

John H. Andrus

J.H. Andrus Dies; Army Fever Hero

This record concerns Moran's assignments in France with the Quartermaster Corps, his return to the United States, and his honorable discharge.

This record concerns Moran's assignments in France with the Quartermaster Corps, his return to the United States, and his honorable discharge.

Harold Sorenson and R.P. Harbold describe Moran's service in the army.

This is Moran's certificate of honorable discharge from the United States Army.

Moran is honorable discharged from the United States Army.

Carter informs Cattell that he published two papers on the incubation of yellow fever, which were the basis of Reed's experiments with the Yellow Fever Commission.

This extract suggests that Finlay first formulated the idea of mosquito conveyance of yellow fever.

Carter discusses the accounts of Carroll, Gorgas, and Agramonte regarding Lazear's death.

Truby believes that Lazear probably did tell Carroll he was bitten by a mosquito at Las Animas, but that Reed and others felt Lazear had purposely allowed himself to be bitten. He comments on Agramonte's role in the yellow fever work.

Carter requests clarification of the veracity of a controversial study published by the Rockefeller Foundation, in 1921, regarding yellow fever and human experimentation.

[Mead] writes to Congressman Anthony in support of the continuation of Mabel Lazear's annuity.

Noguchi, referring to the 1921 Rockefeller Foundation report, attempts to clarify the claim that vaccinated soldiers did not contract yellow fever.

Noguchi writes to Carter concerning the confusion over human experimentation in the 1921 Rockefeller Foundation report.

[Carter] gives corrections on a manuscript. He comments extensively on Gorgas, Havana around 1900, Finlay, his own work on extrinsic incubation and its influence on Reed, and the immediate influence of Reed's work

Carter responds to questions from Maxcy regarding the blood index of malaria and problems with blood examination tests based on data from various scientists addressing these issues.