The Office of the Surgeon General lists the individuals on the yellow fever roll of honor. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Carter] outlines anti-malarial measures for farmhouses and plantations.

Carter asserts that Reed laid the foundation for work on yellow fever.

This document covers the accomplishments of the Army Medical Corps, including the conquest of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The American Association for Medical Progress briefly outlines the history of yellow fever and the Yellow Fever Commission, and concludes that animal experimentation is crucial in order to save human lives.

The American Association for Medical Progress briefly outlines the history of yellow fever and the Yellow Fever Commission, and concludes that animal experimentation is crucial in order to save human lives.

This documents lists the Yellow Fever Board and the volunteers in the yellow fever experiments. Also see [03143001]. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Heroism in Medical Investigation

[Hench] outlines details of the yellow fever investigation, including a diagram of the Board's laboratory at Columbia Barracks.

In this pamphlet published for the American Museum of Natural History, Peabody discusses the history of yellow fever, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, and the later history of the yellow fever heroes of 1900. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter writes about when anti-breeding methods can be safely stopped.

This manuscript discusses Walter Reed's yellow fever experiments in Cuba and provides letters written by Reed.

Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He offers a prayer to his deceased natural mother. He also discusses various topics, including medical treatments, a Catholic service, French lessons, and reading.

Reed remains devoted to Emilie Lawrence. He comments on a caricature she has drawn, which includes mosquitos.

Carter provides camp and family news.

Carter describes his work and comments on the quarantine. He also provides family news.

Reed comments on an earlier letter from Kean, briefly mentions his present occupation supervising a laboratory, and encourages Kean to write to him again soon. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear writes about his vacation on Nantucket Island.

Finlay discusses the theory that mosquitoes can transmit malaria and yellow fever. To bolster his case he describes Koch's work with the tick that transmits Texas Fever. He writes about the effect of temperature on mosquitoes, and suggests that measures be taken to eliminate mosquitoes and prevent their entry into houses.

The writer discusses endemic centers of yellow fever and the origin of the disease.

This Act increases the pension provided to Mabel Lazear.

LePrince writes to Carter about the ongoing anti-malaria work and a conference they attended. [enclosed: a note on the use of wave action to control mosquitoes]

Connor describes the progress against yellow fever in Mexico. He would like to have Carter's yellow fever articles translated into Spanish.

The editor praises the work of Reed, Lazear, Carroll and Agramonte as having laid the foundation for all future efforts against yellow fever and malaria. Carroll is singled out for commendation and called a martyr.

Carter informs the Board that yellow fever has broken out in Peru and the Peruvian government is seeking help. Carter offers to stay, but will be unable to do field work.

Truby discusses Carroll's career.

Andrus describes the work of the Yellow Fever Board and his role as a volunteer. He provides exacting lists of his fellow volunteers and their cases of yellow fever.

Howard reflects on his lifetime of work with mosquitoes. He includes a transcript of a January 13, 1901 letter from Walter Reed describing the success of Reed's experiments. A transcript of a February 20, 1902 letter from Ronald Ross discusses Ross' work in Africa.

This draft of Wood's biography of Walter Reed was written for young readers and was eventually published by Julian Messner, Inc.

This partial manuscript of Moran's autobiography describes his early life, military career, service as a sanitary inspector under Gorgas in Panama, marriage, and business ventures. He discusses his relationship with Hench and their search for the actual site of Camp Lazear, as well as the difficulties stemming from the Reed-Finlay controversy. The section of the draft covering the yellow fever experiments is missing.

Kosslow writes a succinct but vivid account of Walter Reed's life, dealing with his work on typhoid and yellow fever.

LePrince discusses field work in Texas to control the outbreak of yellow fever.

[Carter?] details ways to prevent the proliferation of mosquitoes.

The author discusses the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes.

Kissinger describes the yellow fever experiments and comments on the men involved. He also describes the experience of suffering from yellow fever and the treatment for the disease. Kissinger remarks on inaccuracies in the play "Yellow Jack." He maintains that he volunteered before Moran.

[Carter?] discusses the history of malaria in England.

[Carter] discusses the prevention of yellow fever, including past experiments involving control of the human host vs. control of mosquitoes.

The writer details Carter's career, ending with his mitigated retirement.

Griffitts reports on the breeding of Anopheles in salt water, mainly in Virginia.

[Hanson] suggests details for Dunn's investigation of mosquitoes.

Watson discusses the possibility and ramifications of yellow fever spreading into Asia and the Indian sub-continent.

Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.

[Carter?] proposes census questions that would assist anti-malarial work.

Detailed report on the history of yellow fever by H.R. Carter which includes areas such as geographical distribution, etiology, conveyance, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prophylaxis.

Truby describes his experiences and observations in Cuba from 1898-1902, focusing on Lazear's story.

Pinto describes Reed's use of mosquitoes acquired from Finlay and the first experiments with volunteers.

This memorandum discusses the possibility that malaria originated in the Americas.

This report supports Ames' inclusion in the Act, approved February 28, 1929, to recognize the public service rendered and disabilities incurred as voluntary subjects for inoculation during the yellow fever investigations in Cuba.

[Carter] proposes that the International Health Commission carry out an experiment involving the control of malarial mosquitoes. He includes a detailed procedure for such an experiment.

Dr. Carter Off Today

This biography focuses on the reasons why Ames should be included with the Yellow Fever Board and the volunteer soldiers in the Roll of Honor.

Carter and LePrince describe a planned pond and the mosquito control measures that should be undertaken in constructing and maintaining it.

These are original lists of men undergoing the yellow fever experiments, with an autograph note by Hench.

This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.

Mosquito Control Ends Fatal Plague of Yellow Fever

The Virginia Board of Health will have control over all impounded waters in matters affecting public health.

This bill is meant to regulate the impounding of water.

This table charts the inoculation of individuals bitten by mosquitoes. Some of them develop yellow fever.

This Florida ordinance forbids untreated water collection, specifies treatments for collected water, and permits inspection and charges for violations.

Explains Flying Resistance of Mosquitoes

Peake's story on the work of Henry Rose Carter and William Gorgas in ridding Panama of yellow fever includes excerpts from Laura Armistead's Panama diary.

Carter's abstract summarizes the yellow fever article in Nelson Loose Leaf Medicine.

The writer believes Cuba should not be quarantined until yellow fever appears again.

Carter discusses ways to modify a pond in order to minimize mosquito infestation.

[Carter?] notes deal with mosquitos.

This typescript deals with Hench's discussion of the recently discovered notebook containing the lab notes of Lazear and Reed. Hench credited Laura Wood with the discovery. The speech was given before the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynecologists and Abdominal Surgeons.

This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.

Carter reports on the breeding habits of the Anopheles mosquito.

[Carter] discusses the infective properties of yellow fever and the influence of his work on Reed and Lazear.

Trinity Hall Closing Day - Tablet Unveiled in Memory of the Late Jesse William Lazear, M.D.

Carter describes the effect of impounded water level variation on the control of Anopheles breeding, reviewing work done by himself and others in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama.

Great Frenchman Once Lived in Waverly

This is an unsigned manuscript on impounded waters, which details public health regulations, worker conditions, and the bodies of water themselves.

[Carter] writes Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, the Finlay controversy, and how the discovery of the mosquito as the vector of transmission for yellow fever relied on the work of many contributors.

Heroism in Medical Investigation

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear

Hanson writes about the reason for coming to Peru, the conditions found on his arrival, and the difficulties encountered. He discusses the various diseases identified and the causes of the general sanitary problems. Hanson presents remedies for the present conditions and discusses the possibility of the public and the Peruvian government accepting foreign aide.

The writer outlines the reduction in malaria in the United States and discusses probable causes.

[Carter] reports on the prevalence of mosquitos along the Yadkin River.

Carter discusses the sanitary issues surrounding yellow fever.

CThe chronology begins in 1898 with the Spanish-American War and ends in March 1901.

This obituary encourages friends and admirers of the late Jesse Lazear to contribute to a fund for a Memorial in his name.

Woldert suggests allowing tobacco to macerate in kerosene oil as a means to kill mosquito larvae quicker and in a more dilute solution than plain oil. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed discusses finances and his plans for Keewaydin. He describes a visit inland and jokes about his weight.

Reed states that the mosquito theory for the propagation of yellow fever is a fact, not a theory. Reed's postscript gives credit to Kean for cleaning measures against the mosquito. [Reed mistakes the year, it should be 1901, not 1900.]

Reed states that the mosquito theory for the propagation of yellow fever is a fact, not a theory. Reed's postscript gives credit to Kean for cleaning measures against the mosquito. [Reed mistakes the year, it should be 1901, not 1900.]

Cuban Investigator Victim of His Investigations

Howard inquires about the whereabouts of the mosquitoes Lazear sent up from Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard discusses his work with different types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed is unable to help Howard with his mosquito investigation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed describes his laboratory, the hot weather and mosquitoes. He reviews work to be done at Keewaydin.

Reed is sending Howard specimens of mosquitoes from Lazear and is planning on seeing Howard in a few days. Included is a listing of the types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed sends Howard more specimens of mosquitoes that Lazear collected in Cuba. Reed is anxious to know the results. Included is a list of the types of mosquitoes collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard informs Reed that Dr. Coquillett identified the species of the mosquitoes that Lazear collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed worries about Carroll's sickness and wonders if it is the result of the bite of a mosquito that had previously bitten yellow fever patients. He discloses that they had all determined to experiment on themselves, and he would have done so if he had been there. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed discusses the mosquito as the vector for yellow fever and the amount of evidence necessary to prove this hypothesis.

Kean describes the contributions and sacrifices that Lazear has made for science, and asks Sternberg to make a public statement about Lazear's death and his courage in life. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed discusses the probability of a mosquito vector for yellow fever. He regrets his absence from Cuba. He will not experiment on himself, and anticipates a publication on the etiology of the disease.

El Doctor Lazear

Doctor Lazear

Horlbeck concludes in this report to the American Public Health Association that the bacillus icteroides, discovered by Sanarelli, is the cause of yellow fever.

Reed would like one of his assistants, Williamson, to study a specimen of mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed assures Emilie Lawrence Reed of his safety. He explains the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.

Circular Order #8 includes Kean's letter of October 13. Kean states in his communication that the mosquito is responsible for the transmission of malaria and filarial infections, and more than likely yellow fever. He recommends a course of action for all posts in the eradication of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed presents this report on yellow fever to the American Public Health Association.

Howard informs Carroll the mosquito he sent him from Cuba has been identified as a species described from Brazil. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Mosquito Carries Yellow Fever Germ

Welch writes about the mosquito theory of yellow fever transmission and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Mosquitoes and Yellow Fever

The Mosquito Hypothesis

This article, which appeared in the "St. Louis Medical Review," discusses the transmission of yellow fever via mosquitos.

Kean writes about his rationale for remaining as Post Surgeon at Columbia Barracks instead of taking position at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. He comments on the lasting value of Reed's work.

Reed remarks on Bryan's defeat in the United States presidential election. He describes various people at the camp. He discusses his work on yellow fever, including the possibility of human experimentation.

Howard provides information to Carroll about a certain species of mosquito. Howard then asks Carroll to catch a species of mosquito for his own research, which is believed to have migrated to Cuba in slave ships years ago. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear wants to know the circumstances behind her husband's death of yellow fever. She has a hard time believing that her husband allowed an infected mosquito to bite his hand. She thanks Carroll for sending her the money orders.

Mabel H. Lazear asks Carroll for information on the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.

Reed asks Howard to resolve issues around a certain species of mosquito, the C. fasciatus. Reed is apologetic for asking such an obvious question.

Carroll thanks Howard for all the information he has sent him regarding the different markings of the mosquito, and gladly volunteers to collect any specimen that Howard needs for his research. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard tries to resolve Reed's questions about the markings of the mosquitoes, but also states that there is still work to be done in the identifying process. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed goes into great detail about the markings of the C. fasciatus and C. taeniatus species of mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg forwards Reed's paper for peer review. He agrees that the inoculation experiments must continue in order to provide scientific proof. He recommends that a search for the yellow fever parasite should begin.

The Keans discuss social events among the army personnel and a move to new quarters. The postscript mentions the reaction of the popular press and the medical journals to the mosquito theory.

Reed writes that he has found mosquitoes and volunteers for his experiments, and will now proceed with the laboratory work. He comments on newspaper reports about yellow fever.

The article describes the connection between the mosquito and yellow fever.

Reed reports that the experimental camp is nearing completion. He notes the effect of cool weather on yellow fever cases and suggests the mosquito as a vector for the disease.

Howard identifies the mosquito Reed is working as the Culex fasciatus. Howard appreciates answering Reed's questions and considers it a privilege. He then acknowledges receipt of Reed's report and informs Reed of his own upcoming publication. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Horrendo...Si Es Cierto

La Prensa

Reed expresses concern for his wife's gout, but he also teases her. He relates a newspaper controversy over the yellow fever experiments, particularly concerning the American and Spanish volunteers, and consent forms.

Horrible...Si Es Cierto. This article provides details from an anonymous contributor about a yellow fever experiment.

Horrible...If's it's true!

La Fiebre Amarilla

Reed mentions the houses constructed at the experimental camp. He describes the experimentation methods and plans. He anticipates a trip to Keewaydin in May.

Reed expresses empathy for his wife's gout. He writes that the experimental camp is almost completed and will soon be ready for work.

Fourteen patients are listed by name, place of birth, dates of illness and other details, for Camp Lazear, Columbia Barracks, Cuba.

Reed describes methods of experimentation and the progress of the work at Camp Lazear.

Louise Kean writes that Jefferson Randolph Kean's stepmother is coming to Cuba. She describes the excitement over the first case of experimental yellow fever at Camp Lazear.

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

Reed announces that his theory about the mosquito is right and describes Kissinger's illness and the good health of the volunteers in the infected bedding house. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.

Reed teases his wife.

Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.

Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.

Louise Kean writes about the success of Reed's yellow fever experiments with infected mosquitoes and clothing.

Reed states that cases of yellow fever are diagnosed and confirmed from his experiments, which proves the mosquito theory.

Reed reports that there are four diagnosed cases of yellow fever within the period of incubation.

Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.

Mosquitos and Yellow Fever

Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. A handwritten note states that Kean wrote up this order in the absence of Havard. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Still Fumbling with Yellow Fever

Kean writes about studying for his upcoming promotion examination. He notes that the scientists are seeing important results from the mosquito experiments. A dinner will be held in honor of Finlay.

Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.

Fever chart A ends on January 2, 1901.

Fever chart “B” ends on January 3, 1901.

Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.

Ross discusses the parasites that cause malarial fevers. A note on the article indicates that it was published in Nature in 1901.

Howard describes what is known about mosquitoes biologically and medically. He shows how different kinds of mosquitoes can be distinguished and indicates the characteristic habits and breeding places of those forms which spread malaria and yellow fever. Directions are given for collecting mosquitoes, rearing their early stages, and eliminating mosquitoes in neighborhoods. The 241 page book was published in New York by McClure, Phillips & Co. and includes over fifty illustrations.

These three notes list the human-experiment volunteers who were exposed to fomites, infected by injections of blood, and infected by mosquitoes.

This is an outline, organized chronologically, of Kean's experience with the Yellow Fever Commission.

Reed mentions the sixth case of experimental yellow fever, and that volunteers have gone thirty-five days without contracting yellow fever in the infected clothing test. He describes the condition of a yellow fever case and an experiment with blood injection.

Kean describes the round of New Year's parties, his children, and studying for his promotional exam. Kean also details the success of the mosquito experiments and the army's efforts to eliminate mosquitoes.

Reassures her; date of his return; safety of experiments; difficulties attendant on her visiting; he will return soon, in about five weeks.

Howard forwards to Reed a suggestion from Woldert regarding experimentation on mosquitoes. The actual suggestion, which was originally enclosed, is not included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard informs Reed that Woldert recommends using kerosene to eradicate mosquitoes, and includes a postscript regarding the genus of the yellow fever mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carry Yellow Fever Germs

Yellow Fever Mosquitoes

Reed thanks Howard for sending him Woldert's suggestion about how best to use kerosene in eradicating mosquitoes, and asks for more information concerning the genus of the yellow fever mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard congratulates Reed on the success of his work and mentions he will quote Reed's work favorably in his upcoming lectures. He asks Reed to use care in saying anything about his connection with the kerosene remedy. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Valuable Discoveries in Havana

Kean discusses the health of friends back in the United States. He includes a satirical paragraph on the health of acquaintances.

Howard indicates that he is not certain of the grounds for believing that there is another species of mosquito to be considered, but he makes a guess, and agrees that the distinction is important to Reed's work. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. His colleague McConnell will be visiting her. Reed mentions a drawing of mosquitos.

The Questions of the Day

Vivimos de Milagro; La Habana-Intervenida-en 1901

The Latest About Yellow Fever

The Mosquito and the Frost

Reed asserts Carter's work in Mississippi contributed more to his belief in the theory of an intermediate host than anything else.

Reed writes just after his return from Cuba. He informs Blincoe of the results of the yellow fever experiments and the reception of the work by the scientific community. He quickly relates family news. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

The Questions of the Day

The Yellow Fever Experiments

The Etiology of Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Germs

What Surgeon General Sternberg Says

Surgeon General George M. Sternberg

Causes Yellow Fever

In Circular #5, Scott specifies how to prevent the spread of yellow fever and malaria at military posts by controlling mosquitoes, and instructs physicians how to monitor possible yellow fever patients.

Reed states that he never doubted that mosquitoes might be the means of spreading yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Surgeon General Sternberg's Circular

Sparkman requests fifteen to twenty copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” from Sternberg.

Mosquitoes' Deadly Work

Howard identifies the species of mosquito that Kean sent him. He also inquires about Gorgas' work in Cuba and believes Woodruff would be a good addition to the investigating committee. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Sparkman encourages the printing of several thousand copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” so that the people of the Gulf Coast can be informed of the mosquito theory. Sparkman realizes that it is very important that the yellow fever issue be cleared up, as there are numerous variant theories about the cause of yellow fever.

Howard thanks Carroll for the fresh mosquito eggs. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Circular #2, written in both English and Spanish, shows that the mosquito is responsible for the spread of disease, in particular yellow fever. The author outlines the necessary precautions that must be taken to prevent the spread of diseases by the mosquito. A summary of other Circulars regarding the spread of diseases is also included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

These letters and supporting documents concern the request by Caldas and Bellingaghi to demonstrate their yellow fever serum. Included are translations from original Spanish letters and recommendations from Caldas and Tellez. Havard requests a medical commission to examine these claims. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard reports on the claims of Caldas and Bellingaghi that they discovered a preventative and curative serum for yellow fever. Havard is skeptical because Caldas does not provide any information regarding his process of isolation and culture. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Illustration: Hoy las Ciencias Adelantan Que es una Barbaridad!

The Third Mosquito Victim

The Martyrs of Science

Louise Kean writes about yellow fever research, including the failed experiments of Caldas and Carroll's work.

Board Says Caldas Serum Is Failure

Havard provides evidence that Caldas' and Bellingaghi's theories are unsound and should not be accepted. He includes a detailed time-line of events and a list of arguments to conclude his report against Caldas. Enclosed are charts, reports, and other documents used as evidence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Snarles of the Pessimist

Yellow Fever Experiments

Yellow Fever and Quarantine

This article, which appeared in the "Medical Record," discusses the transmission of malaria

Topics of the Times

Proceedings of the 29th American Health Conference include the “President's Address” by Benjamin Lee, “The Results of Yellow Fever....” by William Crawford Gorgas, “Practical Discussion of Yellow Fever” by Alvah H. Doty, “Fomites and Yellow Fever” by A. N. Bell, and the “Official Report of the Proceedings....”.

Chittinden clarifies the species of mosquito that Carroll sent Howard on October 3rd, 1901.

Carroll sends Howard more samples of mosquitoes.

Chittinden clarifies the species of different mosquitoes sent to him by Carroll.

Howard thanks Reed for the copies of two papers on yellow fever. He then corrects Reed on the proper way to spell out fasciata Stegomyia. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In Memory of Lazear

This obituary honors the life and work of Walter Reed.

This report contains extracts and resolutions honoring Walter Reed furnished by various individuals and institutions.

This testimonial supports a petition to Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Reed praises the service of Lazear and insists he died in the line of duty.

Gorgas discusses Reed's success with Carlos Finlay's mosquito theory. Gorgas would like a post in Panama after Cuba.

Warner's article describes her role in the yellow fever experiments and how to best care for yellow fever patients. An autograph note follows the text and calls the piece a "pure fabrication as to her part."

Surgeon General's Records listing military and personal history for Reed until June 2, 1902.

This report documents yellow fever cases in the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902.

Major Walter Reed Dead

In Memory of Lazear

A World Benefactor

This document concerns the work of Walter Reed.

Kean encourages Kelly to support the pension bill with a letter to the Washington Post.

Carroll writes that Agramonte was not present at the meeting where self-inoculation was discussed by Reed, Carroll and Lazear. Furthermore, he was only informed about the results of the experiments when Reed was about to leave Cuba, in October of 1900. He maintains that Finlay should not be awarded credit for the discovery of the mosquito theory.

O'Reilly reports about the state of yellow fever in the United States and foreign territories, and claims that it will not be a factor for health concerns in the future. He also includes a chart which details the admissions of important diseases by months for 1902. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll thanks Howard for the eggs and mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard sends Carroll eggs of Stegomyia and more mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll thanks Howard for the boxes of Stegomyia eggs. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

These selections from presentations given at the 1903 annual meeting of the American Public Health Association concern the scientific reception of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, particularly the etiology of yellow fever, quarantine procedures, and the discovery of the role of the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Tablet Unveiling

Wood attributes the mosquito theory principally to Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean states that Reed did not give up his life demonstrating the mosquito theory. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

McCaw outlines Reed's career, especially his work with yellow fever, and concludes by requesting a monument to Walter Reed in Washington, D.C. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Thayer believes that Lazear should receive credit for being the first to advocate the mosquito theory to the Yellow Fever Commission.

O'Reilly reports on the cases of yellow fever in the Army, and is concerned about the transmission of the disease from Mexico into Texas.

Maryland in Medicine

Wyman forwards references on yellow fever to Kelly.

Warner writes about the unreported side of the yellow fever epidemic, including her own experiences during an 1878 outbreak in her hometown.

Blake discusses ancient theories involving yellow fever and mosquitoes.

Gorgas writes about his own work with the Canal Zone Sanitary Commission.

This report was prepared for the Smithsonian Institution and includes autographed notes.

Hurd shares his recollections of Walter Reed at Johns Hopkins and later.

The writer informs Kelly about a yellow fever epidemic in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1855.

Thomas writes about a yellow fever epidemic in Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1862.

Carroll presents a chronology of Walter Reed's involvement with the Yellow Fever Commission. Carroll gives his own autobiography and provides information on the other participants in the study.

Agramonte writes about the responsibilities of the Yellow Fever Commission members, and gives a brief chronology of their activities.

Discusses Mosquito

Mosquito

Matas provides references on yellow fever, and gives information on his own work and experience with the disease.

This translation [from Sanskrit] of Blake's report details ancient references to yellow fever and transmission by mosquitos.

Farshish writes the editor to correct what he thinks is misinformation in Kelly's article about the earliest documented reference of insects carrying disease. Farshish challenges Kelly with references from the Talmud and Midroshic Literature.

Magoon writes about yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone. He makes an official offer of full financial and manpower support for Gorgas to eradicate the disease.

Gorgas writes about the use of pyrethrum in the Canal Zone for the treatment of yellow fever and plague.

Smith explains the importance of the Reed's work with the Yellow Fever Commission and asks that his accomplishments be publicized. He includes an article on Reed's work, distributed by the New Orleans & North-Eastern Railroad Company, the Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Company, and the Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Company.

Carroll is asked to communicate with Owens about Reed's work in Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas reports on conditions in Panama regarding yellow fever and malaria. He recommends that the Nobel Prize be given to America.

Yellow fever infection

Windsor Mill Place

Proceedings of the 31st meeting of the American Public Health Association, including “Lessons to be Learned from the Present Outbreak of Yellow Fever in Louisiana” by James Carroll, “Some New Points in the Etiology and Symptomatology of Yellow Fever” by Juan Guiteras, “Yellow Fever in Mexico” by Eduardo Liceaga, and the “Official Report of the Proceedings....”.

Guiteras responds to negative publicity about sanitary work in Panama. He states that neglect of mosquito work in the American South is the result of “moneyed interests”. He offers favorable recollections of Walter Reed.

Hurd writes with suggestions for changes to Kelly's manuscript on the life of Walter Reed.

Howard forwards to Kelly statistics on yellow fever cases from New Orleans epidemics.

Walter Reed and Yellow Fever

This copy of Kelly's Reed biography is a 1906 first edition published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New York. It was owned by Philip Hench, and contains autograph notes by him and others, mostly commenting on information believed to be in error. In addition to presenting a detailed biography of Reed, Kelly discusses at length the history of yellow fever, research on the disease, and the work of the Reed Yellow Fever Commission and its members. The book features several photographs of Reed, other members of the commission, and Cuban experimental sites.

Howard requests that Carroll send his papers on yellow fever to a professor in Indiana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll comments on Kelly's manuscript. He corrects errors of fact, and objects to the attention given Reed to the detriment of himself, Lazear, and the rest of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carroll gives Latimer permission to quote from letters that he provided to her. He objects to their characterization of his work after Walter Reed's experiments.

Dr. Reed and Yellow Fever

This article, which appeared in "Outlook," deals with Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Walter Reed

Gorgas suggests that Finlay and Carter be nominated for the Nobel Prize. In the postscript, Gorgas writes an autograph note for Carter.

Kean informs Carroll that efforts are being made for Carroll to receive some substantial recognition for his services with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll gives a detailed report about his involvement with the yellow fever project in Cuba and the necessity of having human volunteers. He also provides a listing of his publications. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll writes about the Yellow Fever Board's determination to investigate the mosquito theory. Carroll claims that he first proposed Board inoculate themselves. Included is an apparent draft, with autograph notations, and a final copy of the same letter.

This review, which appeared in the "St. Louis Medical Review," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

This review, which appeared in the "Medical Press," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Carroll will meet Latimer to discuss Kelly's book. Carroll offers corrections, and states that Lazear's work is not given due credit.

Walter Reed and Yellow Fever

This review, which appeared in "The Journal of Insanity," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Howard provides his recollections of Reed and the formation of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.

Kelly requests to see Reed's account of the experiments, which had been mailed to Howard. A plaque for Walter Reed at King's County Hospital, in Brooklyn, will be dedicated.

Walter Reed Memorial

This article, which appeared in the "Medical Record," discusses efforts to erect a monument to Walter Reed.

The Walter Reed Memorial

Major Kean (Slap) Works (Slap) To Rid Cuba (Slap) of Mosquitoes

The report argues in support of nominating Finlay and Agramonte for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Lesson of Little Things: The Conquest of Yellow Fever

These minutes include a discussion of the failure of Congress to pass a bill to provide financial relief to James Carroll's family.

Wilson writes to the Editor concerning the situation of Kissinger. She hopes that something can be done for him.

This report concerns James Carroll.

Moran provides his autobiography, including his experiences as a participant in the yellow fever experiments.

Mason refutes the assertion that he used mosquitoes sent by Ames in his experiments, and that the mosquitoes Ames did send were worthless specimens. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Stewart praises Kelly's book. He suggests corrections for clarification, and notes that he would emphasize the role of the Public Health Service.

Von Mansfelde comments on the work of Lazear and Carroll regarding the Yellow Fever Commission. He believes that Mabel Lazear and James Carroll should receive the same pension as Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Mead requests a financial statement so that he can continue working to increase her pension.

Wallace sends a contribution for Kissinger.

A Hero from the Ranks

The article, which appeared in "Outlook," outlines Kissinger's contribution to the yellow fever work and appeals for financial contributions for his care.

Wingate sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Keen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Gould sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Denby makes a contribution to the fund for Kissinger. As a member of Congress, he offers to introduce a bill in the House of Representatives. Included at the end of the letter is a reply from [Kelly] to Denby, on September 4, 1907, thanking him for his contribution.

__________________________________________________

The Cuban Side of It.

On Cuban Sanitation.

King honors Carroll and others. He lays emphasis on his contribution to national health. He supports a pension.

Finlay discusses the creation and function of the Superior Board of Health, which included establishing new sanitary ordinances. He continues by discussing the two most severe outbreaks of disease in Cuba since 1901: smallpox and yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle reports on the duties of the National Sanitary Board, which required all the local sanitary offices to submit to new rules of operation. He goes into great detail about all the various sanitary methods used throughout Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Are Our Heroes of Peace Neglected?

Ross explains his and Guiteras's position regarding Carroll.

Mead, on behalf of the Merchants' Association of New York, expresses support for the Carroll and Lazear pension bills.

Kean discusses the present sanitary conditions in Cuba. He states that there has been a breakdown in sanitary procedures since the American withdrawal and recommends that local sanitation boards be abolished in favor of a National Sanitary Board. Kean writes that yellow fever is moving out to rural areas, instead of concentrating in urban centers. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This pamphlet details preventative measures against yellow fever, especially the control of mosquitos.

This is a bill for Mabel Lazear's pension. It credits Lazear with discovering the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.

The Adviser requests information as to the depth of wells in which mosquitoes breed, so that ordinances may be revised and possibly some expense spared to the people in the towns of Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hemmeter gives a chronological account of all the work done by Carroll with regard to yellow fever, and includes a series of letters written by Carroll to his wife, to Walter Reed, and to several others. Hemmeter attempts to rectify what he sees as a lack of proper recognition or reward to Carroll and his family for the part he played in determining the cause of yellow fever.

This is an incomplete, hand-corrected draft of an obituary of James Carroll, written for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

[Morejos?] writes about mosquito eradication and other sanitary measures in various Cuban locations.

Gorgas is convinced that mosquito eradication is the only method to keep yellow fever from developing into an epidemic.

Guiteras disputes Gorgas' theories about immunity to yellow fever and eradication of the disease.

O'Reilly relays that no harm could result from delaying the date of the imposition of quarantine against Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Gorgas reports on work done in Cuba and Panama to eradicate yellow fever.

Pillsbury writes to Senator Perkins in support of a pension increase for Mabel Lazear.

O'Reilly confirms that his office has no objection to the approval of a bill that proposes increasing the pensions being provided for Jennie Carroll and Mabel H. Lazear. The letter is accompanied by a partial copy of Report No. 431 of the 60th Congress, which specifies the rationale for the proposed bill. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The extracts from Agramonte's report detail Beauperthuy's work with mosquitos as disease vectors. The extracts from Boyce's report [in French] also deal with mosquitos and their connections to yellow fever.

Mosquito Brigade Has Slain 234,678,548,876,234,789,432,623,734,816,212 of the Pesky Critters Wounded Number More Than 3,621,738,541,776,928,316,294,444,360,727,663,361,246,818

Agramonte describes his role with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are autograph notes by Truby and Hench.

Sanitation in Cuba

The Chief Sanitary Officer details actions taken to prevent yellow fever.

Jennings gives a report of how Phinotas Oil affects the pupa stage in the immature mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses recent cases of yellow fever, in Santiago and Daiquiri, in order to quell rumors of massive outbreaks.

LePrince informs Gorgas of the efficiency of Phinotas Oil as a larvacide. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Gorgas sends Kean results of experiments on Phinotas Oil in exterminating mosquitoes. He encloses two letters from Joseph A. LePrince. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collection Library, University of Virginia Library]

In this sworn statement, Agramonte details the Board's work on yellow fever. Agramonte asserts he began to discuss mosquito transmission in June 1900. A month later, the Board seriously began to consider mosquito agency and the Board then began its mosquito research. Lazear, because of his training in mosquito work, assumed leadership in the mosquito testing. Following Lazear's death, Agramonte carried out the breeding and infecting of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay outlines measures taken to ensure that a case of yellow fever, in Havana, does not develop into an epidemic.

Finlay discusses sanitation measures taken in response to possible cases of yellow fever.

Agramonte is notified that his letter has been received and filed for future reference. Agramonte's letter of August 31, 1908, is included, testifying to the sequence of events in the work carried out by the Army Board on Yellow Fever. Included are two notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lopez del Valle describes the methods used to combat yellow fever, typhoid fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases in Havana. The methods of covering all water deposits that might breed mosquito larvae are thoroughly discussed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Barnet comments on the effectiveness of the National Sanitary Service, the problems of quarantine, and the general improvement of sanitary standards within Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses the nationalization of the Cuban Sanitary Department, developments in sanitary procedures regarding mosquitoes and yellow fever, and the control of tuberculosis. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Kean] requests additional experiments using wire mesh as a mosquito control.

Guiteras writes that he will conduct further experiments using wire mesh and additional species of mosquitoes.

The record card cites a request from Hunt for a copy of a photograph of Reed for use in a lecture “The Story of Two Mosquitoes.”

The report concludes that improved sanitation efforts between 1906 and 1909 left Cuba entirely free of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Magoon discusses the creation of the Nationalized Sanitary Department, which has caused the final extinction of yellow fever. He also mentions the violation of the quarantine restrictions by the United States. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This article discusses mosquito control efforts in Panama around the Canal Zone.

Gorgas describes the achievements of the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department.

This article, appearing in the "Journal of the American Medical Association," makes an appeal for monetary contributions to James Carroll's surviving family.

Kean details the methods the Sanitary Inspectors used in Cuba to combat yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

More Pension for Mrs. Reed

Fiction and Yellow Fever. Charles Brockden Brown, the Father of Our Novelists, and His Lurid Stories

This extract, by Guiteras, discusses Finlay's work on yellow fever and his association with the U.S. Yellow Fever Commission.

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

Trying to Reward a Great Hero

Taylor writes that the mother of Clara Louise Maass is receiving a pension. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The article reviews contrasting administrative methods of Gorgas and Goethals in the Panama Canal Zone.

This 250 page book includes chapters about Walter Reed as well as the publications of Reed and his associates, the publications of James Carroll, reports from the sanitary officers in Havana, Cuba, and directions for destroying mosquitoes. Published in Washington by the Government Printing Office, it includes illustrations, portraits, and diagrams. The book is autographed by Mrs. Walter Reed, Jefferson R. Kean, A. S. Pinto, L. O. Howard, Albert E. Truby, Mrs. Jesse Lazear, William H. Lazear, and A. Diaz Albertini. It is also autographed by John R. Kissinger, John J. Moran, John H. Andrus, James Leonard Hanberry and John R. Bullard, who served as volunteers for the U. S. Yellow Fever Commission's experiments in Cuba. Mrs. Walter Reed gave the book to Philip Showalter Hench who heavily annotated it.

Victory Over Disease Justifies Spanish War Cost of $1,148,000,000

Photostat of page 411 of Finlay's Selected Works. Included are notes by Truby.

Kean discusses the sanitation efforts used to prevent yellow fever in Cuba from 1906 to 1909. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

To Give Credit Where It Is Due

This is a detailed account of Carter's public health work and associated study of yellow fever.

Torney reports that Agramonte has requested that a statement published in the Yellow Fever Bureau Bulletin be corrected. Torney explains how he believes the apparent injustice occurred, and requests the correction on behalf of the Office of the Surgeon General.

Conquest of Yellow Fever

Anti-Malarial Measures for Farmhouses

Griffitts writes to Carter about his anti-malaria work. He describes the problems with ponds and prospective mosquito breeding experiments.

Ashburn reports on methods of curbing malaria through the control of mosquito populations.

Porter thanks Carter for his educational malaria pamphlet for children.

Carter discusses her presentation on malaria.

Carter discusses the transmission, spread and containment of yellow fever.

[Carter] reports on his observations of mosquito breeding conditions. He recommends mosquito control measures for a pond and inquires about when he will need to appear in court.

Rose describes yellow fever trouble spots and eradication methods.

Freeman celebrates Carter, Reed, and Gorgas as Virginians.

Freeman praises the accomplishments of Henry Rose Carter, Walter Reed, and William Crawford Gorgas.

This report details reproduction of mosquitoes along the Coosa River.

The writer suggests field work instead of lab work.

LePrince discusses malaria distribution in southern states, and field work to eradicate mosquito larvae.

Blue requests Carter's opinion in regard to ordinances against mosquito propagation.

The Designing Engineer reports that he has been unable to obtain samples of fish from local ponds.

Blue requests feedback on newspaper article describing the use of bats as an anti-mosquito tool.

Moore informs Carter that it is feasible to ship mosquito-eating fish to Alabama. The Bureau of Fisheries will cooperate with the Public Health Service.

Blue orders Carter to lecture on yellow fever and malaria.

The writer discusses fish stocks in local reservoirs.

Carter discusses his role in the prevention of yellow fever and malaria in South Carolina.

LePrince discusses his survey of Hartsville, South Carolina, and gives his recommendations to inhibit mosquito breeding.

Blue requests that Carter review a proposed law on mosquito control.

Carter discusses legislation designed to inhibit mosquito breeding.

List of fish best suited for stocking ponds of Hydro-Electric Plants.

Kerr describes rural sanitation investigations and malaria surveys. He requests Carter's assistance.

Leidelin thanks Carter for a reprint on impounded waters and malaria. He expresses disappointment about the lack of support by others for his work.

Carter recommends a campaign to eliminate mosquitoes.

Grote requests suggestions for a malaria eradication campaign. He notes that his county does not have the resources to purchase quinine.

[Carter] reports on mosquito eradication efforts, and includes an itemized list of expenses.

Carter provides instructions for malaria prevention. He notes that the Rockefeller Foundation has shown interest in sponsoring a anti-malaria campaign.

Griffitts describes a house-to-house search to determine the number and type of mosquitoes, as well as the number of people stricken with malaria.

Carter and LePrince discuss their survey of a planned mosquito-control pond in North Carolina and the local incidence of malaria.

Carter and LePrince discuss a mosquito control project and the incidence of malaria to be expected.

Bell expresses his appreciation for Carter's report on a local swamp and mentions a potential mosquito survey for the following summer.

Carter discusses anti-mosquito work and mentions the Rockefeller Foundation.

LePrince discusses the recovery of marked mosquitoes.

Horner discusses a hatchery at Edenton, North Carolina, for the breeding of mosquito-eating fish.

LePrince details his preparations for summer field work.

Blue directs Carter to proceed to the South in order to investigate the relationship between impounded waters and malaria.

Blue orders Carter to participate in the meetings of the National Malarial Committee and the American Society of Tropical Medicine, as well as to continue his investigation of impounded waters.

Carter discusses mosquito breeding.

[Carter] outlines the roles of Griffitts, LePrince, and von Ezdorf in work involving impounded waters.

[Carter] discusses plans for a mosquito survey.

Carter discusses needed mosquito-control work in Guayaquil and the endemic focus of yellow fever. He believes that the local population will cooperate, and so work should proceed. The city should be provided with a proper water supply to ensure continued success of the work.

Carter reports on yellow fever in Colombia.

Le Prince discusses the treatment of a lake shore, in North Carolina, in order to reduce the number of anopheles mosquitos.

Wilson relates findings that timbering in the Little Salkehatchie did not increase prevalence of malaria.

Bell sends Carter a subpoena to appear as a witness for the Colleton Cypress Co.

LePrince details the past summers' field work in the southern U.S.

This documents surveys breeding areas at Camp Lee.

Carter reports that malarial conditions in South Carolina have worsened.

Blue orders Carter to assist U.S. Navy officials with mosquito control at Quantico, Virginia.

Carter writes about his health and financial matters. He would like to continue working for the Rockefeller Foundation in South America next winter.

The document describes ways to prevent malaria at Camp Lee, and includes handwritten notes.

Carter expresses regret that he will not be able to hear Whitmore present his paper. He discusses the difficulty of yellow fever diagnosis and recommends a pathologist for yellow fever work.

Snidow details malaria investigations in Virginia.

Carter writes that he cannot help now because the war has stopped his mosquito research.

John H. Andrus

J.H. Andrus Dies; Army Fever Hero

Gorgas Recalls Death of Famous Mosquito

Barret informs Carter that Aedes Canadensis mosquitos do feed on humans.

Carter reports on dengue fever in Galveston, Texas.

Carter discusses the outbreak of dengue fever in Galveston, Texas.

Carter praises the Virginia mosquito control work of Bailey.

Carter writes that it would make little sense for him to go to Guatemala for yellow fever work now.

Carter informs Geiger of his upcoming research on the relation between rice cultivation and malaria.

Weedon asks Carter if U.S. gulf ports should begin a campaign to eliminate mosquitoes.

Weedon writes that [he] will work to persuade Tampa officials to outlaw rain water cisterns for mosquito control.

Carter writes that a mosquito eradication campaign should be started in the ports along the Gulf of Mexico.

Carter writes that he would appreciate the Boy Scouts' help for malaria control.

This report details the Army's mosquito control operations around Camp Meade, Maryland.

Carter requests a copy of an illustration to use in an article on yellow fever.

Thorpe seeks a recommendation for the best top-minnow species to use in the Yadkin River (Badin, North Carolina) for mosquito control.

Smith recommends a species of top minnow for mosquito control, as well as useful publications dealing with mosquitos.

Mayne discusses hyperparasitism and mosquito experimentation.

Carter writes about the relationship between impounded water and malaria.

Carter informs Cattell that he published two papers on the incubation of yellow fever, which were the basis of Reed's experiments with the Yellow Fever Commission.

[Blue] orders Carter to proceed to Florida for mosquito control work.

This report gives proposed impounded water health regulations cover floating debris, vegetation, and fish stocking.

This document includes excerpts from Sternberg's biography of her husband's involvement with tropical diseases, including yellow fever.

Blue orders Carter to go to Florida to assist in the control of malaria.

Carter thanks Russell for supplying the Connor reference she sought and describes her work at the Library of Congress.

Carter offers suggestions regarding the format of the bibliography for the History of Yellow Fever and asks him if he might be able to include Gorgas in the bibliography. She also questions Frost's inclusion in the text of Henry Rose Carter's supposed acceptance of Noguchi's leptospira.

Carter writes that he is considering retiring. Carter believes he is facing a wide-spread yellow fever epidemic in Peru.

Carter writes about his travels and his work.

Rose describes plans for yellow fever work in West Africa. He also reports on the situation in Mexico and Central America.

Griffitts writes about the anopheles survey at Badin, North Carolina.

This report discusses control of debris and vegetation, fish stocking, and ditching. Pertinent state health laws are listed.

LePrince describes mosquito breeding in impounded waters, suggesting necessary regulations to be implemented by State Boards of Health.

[Carter] deals extensively with the prophylaxis of yellow fever.

The report outlines special measures to screen passengers, including quarantine procedures and possible hospitalization.

These are Public Health Service specifications for impounded waters in malarial areas; autograph notes added.

[Carter] details various methods of controlling malaria. He discusses segregation, screening, mosquito bars, and the use of quinine. [Carter] favors mosquito control because it does not require modification of human behavior.

Ricketson is not to enter any yellow fever district until ten days after last vaccine injection.

Boldridge is sending Carter a copy of “Effective Malaria Control in a Ricefield District”. He praises Carter's publications on public health sanitary engineering.

Obregon establishes a commission under the International Health Board for yellow fever work in Mexico. Officers, administrative structure, and funding are specified.

LePrince details his findings on stegomyia larvae in Laredo, Peru as well discussing the research of his colleagues.

LePrince sends Carter stegomyia caught in a hotel coatroom in Carbondale, Illinois.

Rose writes that yellow fever in Peru is controllable but may spread. Henry Rose Carter will stay if needed, but he is unfit for field work.

Hanson reports on a yellow fever epidemic in Peru. The local newspaper is publishing articles denouncing his sanitary campaign.

Carter sends Rose his yellow fever lecture for possible translation into Spanish.

Hanson discusses outbreaks of yellow fever in Peru, and his dealings with the Peruvian government. He requests the use of International Health Board funding.

Hanson discusses a yellow fever outbreak on the frontier of Peru. He states that yellow fever cases are declining elsewhere.

LePrince reports on the yellow fever situation in Mexico, where he is conducting mosquito experiments, as well as Griffitts' malaria control work in Alabama.

Hanson discusses funding issues and a recent yellow fever outbreak.

Hanson discusses the spread of yellow fever in Peru, and the use of fish to control mosquitoes. He also discusses funding issues.

Carter recommends Walcott for yellow fever work, although he is inexperienced in mosquito control.

Carter believes that yellow fever is still present in Africa. Carter would be willing to go to Africa as an adviser if he is physically able.

Hanson requests an increase of funds. He discusses his dealings with local authorities and steamship companies.

Kean states that Reed's name should have appeared in the newspaper's article about yellow fever and briefly discusses Reed's and his assistant's work in conquering yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Connor comments on Hanson's and Pareja's work in Peru. He also discusses issues related to yellow fever work in Mexico.

Pareja, in this letter translated from Spanish to English, writes to Rose regarding his appointment as Director of Health. He details efforts taken to eliminate yellow fever.

Fisher reports on the malaria situation in South Carolina. He discusses his malaria control work funded by the Rockefeller Foundation.

Hanson criticizes Peruvian officials for undermining yellow fever work.

Noguchi's paper on prophylaxis and serum therapy of yellow fever. Discusses isolation of Leptospira icteroides, as well as experiments, efficacy of serum therapy of yellow fever and vaccination against yellow fever.

Read sends Carter the report of Hanson's work in Peru, which details water container inspections, quarantine, reported deaths and the training of more men.

[Carter] warns that mosquito control will be harder in Peru because the local officials are unfamiliar with quarantine procedures.

Hanson reports on mosquito work in Peru, where he thinks they have been successful.

Hanson believes the Peruvian epidemic may be over.

Hanson is working on a report covering the Peruvian campaign.

Carter, preparing a paper, asks Hanson about his experience in Peru. He believes that Hanson and his team have saved Peru. Carter wishes he could have returned to Peru.

White reports that there is no yellow fever in Peru, but that it is vital to continue mosquito controls for a year.

Corrigan describes inspections of various Peruvian sites for yellow fever eradication.

Griffitts thanks Carter for lending him memos. He reports on the results of impounded water work in North Carolina and Virginia.

Corrigan relates the results of mosquito control inspections on farms.

[Boldridge's] report on a mosquito survey in South Carolina includes interviews with locals regarding mosquitoes, and information on the incidence of malaria and mosquito control measures.

Hanson reports on the yellow fever work in South America. He discusses the irregularity of mail, the effective use of fish for mosquito control, the yellow fever risk of Lima's poorer areas, and public health personnel. Hanson thanks the International Health Board for all of its support to the campaign.

Carter recommends continuation of work. He requests to stay since he is the most qualified. He fears a yellow fever outbreak in Lima.

Hanson includes the names of medical personnel and the places he has inspected. He mentions the lack of cooperation from locals. He is considering a return to the U.S.

Hanson gives an account of his trip to Panama. He mentions a modification of quarantine process. He describes sanitary inspections to various regions of Peru [lists names of personnel]. He expresses concern about the government's funding of workers. The yellow fever campaign is going well, but vigilance is required.

Hanson discusses ways of converting funds into dollars. He reports on field work done by various experts. He mentions funding issues concerning the Peruvian government.

Read describes details of a field trip. She mentions the attitude of the laborers, noting that the military is needed to get work done. She discusses the prophylactic campaign initiative.

Hanson discusses a yellow fever outbreak in Trujillo. He mentions the difficulty of doing prophylactic work in Lima. He offers his opinions regarding a member of the Panama Canal Health Department and the Peruvian government.

Boldridge sends Carter a report on the mosquito work in South Carolina.

Caldwell thanks Carter for his informative and invaluable lecture. He reports on field work, problems with local customs, and migrant workers' susceptibility to yellow fever.

Carter gives Woodfall advice on proposed legislation to control spread of malaria.

Hanson discusses funding and the use of fish in breeding areas. He lists the people in charge of various locations, and has hopes of soon eliminating yellow fever on the coast.

Hanson hopes that there will be no more yellow fever cases after the year 1921. He describes his field work in detail: the use of fish to combat mosquito breeding was very successful but the limited use of containers was difficult to enforce. He praises several inspectors for their good work.

Hanson reports on the investigation of a possible yellow fever case. He describes his field work and discusses personnel matters. He hopes to bring the campaign to an end by the spring of 1922.

Hanson refers to the Academy of Medicine meeting to study epidemics of yellow fever. He rebuts the contention of a Peruvian physician to the absence of yellow fever in the area, noting that the goal of the campaign is to insure against recurrence.

Noguchi informs Carter of the death, by yellow fever, of Cross - one of Noguchi's laboratory assistants. Cross had been sent to Mexico without being properly immunized. Noguchi openly questions the actions of the doctors who attended to Cross in Mexico.

This extract suggests that Finlay first formulated the idea of mosquito conveyance of yellow fever.

Gouzien reports on yellow fever in West Africa and discusses epidemics and their control since 1900. He stresses the continued need for mosquito control.

Byrd's paper discusses the control of mosquito breeding as the most effective way to reduce the incidence of malaria.

Noguchi sends Carter eight ampoules of yellow fever vaccine and directions for its use.

[Carter] asks that the Public Health Service supervise mosquito study and control of ponds at Badin and other places in North Carolina.

[Carter] comments extensively on a public health film on malaria.

[Carter] comments on Robertson's proposed bubonic plague study and on plague infected fleas.

The firm of Henry Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton informs Carter about its pricing policies for reprints of medical journals.

Carter writes to Boldridge concerning Geiger's pamphlet on Anopheles mosquito flight experiment.

Hanson details his yellow fever work in Peru, commenting on his workers, areas of the country where mosquito work is being done, the suspension of Dunn's stegomyia work, and fever cases.

Carter describes the literature he is covering for his abstracts.

Hanson details the progress against yellow fever in Peru, but notes that the situation in Mexico and Central America is more serious than once thought.

LePrince writes that Carter's malaria abstracts and comments are valuable. He discusses Caldwell's yellow fever work in Mexico and upcoming malaria control work in southern Illinois, as well as other malaria work in the South.

Carter requests a reference to an article, by Kudo, on a microorganism that kills mosquito larvae.

Williams believes that the malaria abstracts require Carter's comments to be useful. He has been filming locations that need draining as part of the anti-malaria campaign.

Connor describes the yellow fever situation in Mexico.

Carter discusses Kudo's article, as well as others. Carter would like to work with Barber for a short period, although he believes a winter attack on Anopheles is fruitless.

Carter critiques Mayne's manuscript on the Anopheles mosquito.

Carter asks Howard for references on the effect of cold on Aedes calopus mosquitos.

Barber discusses his efforts against mosquitos in Alabama.

[Carter] inquires about LePrince's mosquito work in Illinois.

Howard identifies the mosquitoes, captured in a hotel's coatroom in Carbondale, Illinois, as males of the yellow fever mosquito.

Hanson describes the work of the sanitary campaign against yellow fever in Peru, naming physicians and surveyors.

Hanson reports on mosquito larvae studies in Peru. He also discusses, at length, administrative and political issues related to his work.

Carter discusses the accounts of Carroll, Gorgas, and Agramonte regarding Lazear's death.

[Carter] informs Hanson that he has been lecturing on malaria and yellow fever at Johns Hopkins. Currently he is working on a brief history of yellow fever.

Truby believes that Lazear probably did tell Carroll he was bitten by a mosquito at Las Animas, but that Reed and others felt Lazear had purposely allowed himself to be bitten. He comments on Agramonte's role in the yellow fever work.

LePrince sends six mosquitoes hatched from pupae found in the hotel in Carbondale, Illinois.

LePrince sends the remaining mosquitoes hatched from pupae and larvae found in a hotel in Carbondale, Illinois.

[Carter] comments on malaria control and sends Griffitts a recent lecture he gave on the subject. [Carter] requests information on breeding areas of the three Anopheles species mosquitos.

Carter asks Hollingsworth if New Orleans Stegomyia (mosquitos) breed only in puddles with mud sides.

Comstock describes possible yellow fever cases to Howland. All involve foreigners in Brazil.

Carter asks Bruns about mosquito breeding in puddles with mud sides.

This opinion discusses a case in which a power company has been sued by a farmer for building a dam. This dam damaged his farm land and created stagnant pools where malarial mosquitoes breed.

Carter feels that there is no danger to the coast from any yellow fever east of the Peruvian mountains due to distance, population size, and a paucity of water storage.

Caldwell asks Carter about the possibility of human yellow fever “carriers”, as he has had an inexplicable case of yellow fever in his district.

[Carter] thanks Ashburn for sending him his manuscript. He discusses issues concerning mosquitos, specifically the Anopheles.

C. L. W. writes about stegomyia occurring in ditches in New Orleans.

Hollingworth answers Carter's questions regarding stegomyia in New Orleans.

Bair praises the abstracts provided by the Public Health Service. Included is an autograph note from Carter to Mendelsohn.

[Carter] believes that human “carriers” of yellow fever, without symptoms, do not exist. He feels that Caldwell's case must involve either a human with undiagnosed yellow fever or an erroneous diagnosis of yellow fever.

[Carter] describes his first encounter with Finlay and his impressions of Finlay's work.

Carter gives Boldridge advice regarding Guatemala, including precautions to take. He offers his opinions about the people of Latin America.

Connor asks for Carter's opinion regarding some notes he has compiled on yellow fever. The campaign in Mexico is going well.

Scannell reminisces about times he and Carter spent in Panama. He reports on yellow fever field work in Mexico and claims to have created a “no man's land” between Mexico and Guatemala.

Hanson reports on the conclusion of the yellow fever campaign in Peru. He encourages Carter to file all his expense receipts since the exchange rate has improved.

[Carter] critiques Connor's draft on yellow fever.

The writer, from the treasury department of the U.S. Public Health Service, expresses a desire to discuss with Carter a plan to put European ports under the general direction of U.S. Quarantine Station, on Staten Island, New York.

Carter recommends strict enforcement of sanitary rules to prevent further outbreaks of yellow fever. He believes that entire coast line of Peru is free of disease.

[Carter] discusses Scannell's work against yellow fever in Chiapas, Mexico.

Caldwell agrees with Carter that there are no human carriers of yellow fever. He discusses, in detail, his field work in Mexico.

[Mead] writes to Congressman Anthony in support of the continuation of Mabel Lazear's annuity.

Carter writes about the history of yellow fever in South America and his research on the subject.

Hanson discusses yellow fever cases in Peru.

Carter maintains that the sanitation of the Isthmus of Panama was Gorgas' work. He credits Reed for laying the foundation of all subsequent yellow fever work.

Carter discusses scientific theories concerning the origins of yellow fever in humans.

Scannell discusses his field work and answers Carter's questions concerning the breeding places of mosquitoes in wells.

Connor discusses the campaign against yellow fever in Mexico, which he plans to finish soon. He thanks Carter for the critique of his manuscript.

Caldwell reports on the Mexican yellow fever and antimalarial campaign, describing the cooperative efforts of the Mexicans and the Rockefeller Commission workers.

Caldwell discusses his work in Vera Cruz and neighboring areas.

Rose apologizes for missing Carter while he was in New York.

The writer discusses White's paper on yellow fever, and believes it would be useful to local doctors in Mexico.

White discusses ongoing mosquito eradication work in Mexico and South America.

Carter reviews, in detail, the "Report of the Yellow Fever Campaign in Second Yellow Fever Zone."

Carter suggests several possible field studies on malaria.

This report discusses the probable origin of yellow fever in Africa.

Russell paraphrases telegrams and letters, enclosing one from White, concerning new yellow fever cases in Mexico and Africa.

White writes that he has been mediating between Connor and Stubbs. He briefly describes the situation in Mexico regarding yellow fever.

Gunn reports to Russell on yellow fever and public health conditions in the Ivory Coast, Africa.

Caldwell replies to questions raised by Carter concerning yellow fever outbreaks in Mexico and Africa.

Carter discusses the latest yellow fever outbreak in Mexico. He is also concerned about the new cases in Africa.

Read informs Carter that Connor wants the yellow fever council, including Carter, to critique his articles on yellow fever.

[Carter] critiques Connor's articles on mosquitoes, fish, and yellow fever. He credits Connor with the use of fish for mosquito control in recent yellow fever campaigns.

In this editorial the Canal Zone Chief Health Officer discusses malaria and public health efforts in Panama.

Russell asks Carter for comments on the enclosed letter from Gunn regarding yellow fever and public health conditions in Ivory Coast, Africa.

Hazlehurst seeks Carter's advice on a draft of Regulations Governing the Impounding of Waters, which he is anxious to have passed by the State Board of Health.

Williams discusses a bulletin that was distributed to educate the public about mosquitoes. He writes about employing a sanitary officer for malaria education.

Fricks quotes a letter he received from Barber that says Chaara foetida is not suitable as food for mosquito larvae.

Carter reports on his survey of mosquito breeding in certain portions of Bridgewater Lake and the surrounding area.

Cavassa writes to Carter that he finds his account of the yellow fever epidemic in Peru interesting. Unfortunately, he has lost the reference to the article on Stegomyias that Carter had requested.

Carter critiques the tentative requirements for impounding water to prevent the production of malaria which were sent to him by Hazlehurst. He discusses the costs of malaria prevention measures. He comments on the ideas of LePrince and Griffitts.

Fisher requests Carter's suggestions for water projects in North Carolina.

Carter reports on his survey of McDowell Creek to determine the presence of malaria bearing mosquitoes and the effect of the proposed Mountain Island Pond on the production of these mosquitoes. Carter believes a survey needs to be repeated after the creation of the pond.

Kelly solicits corrections or clarifications for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“

[Kelly] requests information for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“

Bauvallet reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine to treat yellow fever cases in Bassam, Ivory Coast.

Bauvallet reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine to treat yellow fever cases in Bassam, Ivory Coast.

Seguin reports on possible yellow fever deaths and public health response in French West Africa.

Fisher thanks Carter for his public health recommendations. He describes his anti-malaria work and tells of the prevalence of malaria at North and South Carolina sites.

Fricks sends Rankin and Carter a copy of proposed impounded water health regulations.

Seguin reports on possible yellow fever deaths and public health response in French West Africa.

[Carter] sends Fisher information on impounded waters. He comments on the malaria and mosquito situation in North and South Carolina.

Fisher reports on malaria and mosquito conditions at some North Carolina sites.

Carter comments on the Health Board's work in Mexico and Grand Bassam.

Carter sends Long excerpts from a Stegomyia article he is writing that discusses breeding temperatures.

Parker discusses his formula to compute economic losses due to malaria.

Carter discusses his connection to the work of Reed's Yellow Fever Commission. Carter maintains that Reed informed him that the direction taken by the Yellow Fever Commission, in Cuba, was inspired by his early work with yellow fever.

Connor reports on yellow fever in Mexico. He suspects a Caribbean epidemic spreading from Brazil.

[Laura Carter] sends Cumming a list of Henry Carter's articles at the Army Medical Museum.

Carter discusses recent cases of yellow fever.

White comments on the unusual yellow fever case of seaman Cose. White reports on the Mexican yellow fever work.

Veracruz describes methods used to control mosquito breeding in Mexico. He also discusses yellow fever outbreaks and disease transportation routes in Mexico.

Dunn reports on his survey of the city of Barranquilla.

Carter discusses the seasonal presence and absence of mosquitoes, and the control of their breeding through the use of vegetation control, fish stocking, and maintenance of water level in ponds.

Carter contends that America was free from malaria prior to its exploration and settlement by Europeans and Africans.

White's report states that the Colombian government accepts the existence of yellow fever in the country, and will pay half of the funding for the International Health Board's yellow fever campaign. It details the geographic locations of the disease.

[Carter] gives corrections on a manuscript. He comments extensively on Gorgas, Havana around 1900, Finlay, his own work on extrinsic incubation and its influence on Reed, and the immediate influence of Reed's work

Carter describes locations where yellow fever is present and discusses the chance of the disease spreading to non-infected areas of the world, mainly by ship.

This is a detailed report on yellow fever work in Mexico. Topics discussed include: the history of yellow fever in the area, recent epidemics and public health efforts at mosquito control and vaccination.

[Carter] informs White of Lyster's visit and the danger of yellow fever in Tuxpan.

Russell informs Carter that Connor and Scannell are skeptical about the use of copper in mosquito breeding control.

Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.

Connor reports extensively on the yellow fever campaign in Mexico.

Griffitts writes about water impoundment and mosquito control in Alabama. He regrets that he is not going to North Carolina.

El Estado Sanitario

Carter discusses the breeding habits of Stegomyia.

Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.

Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.

[Carter] gives White advice on employing stegomyia control in limited areas.

Read thanks Carter for his comments on Connor's article.

Read informs Carter that the Health Board has written to Connor suggesting he experiment with the water bug used by Houle.

Griffitts reports to Carter about anti-malarial work in Alabama. He requests Carter's advice for cleaning up a pond.

The writer describes experiments involving the winter breeding of mosquitoes.

Griffitts writes that he has surveyed a power company pond and makes recommendations for malaria prevention measures.

[Carter] discusses a fever outbreak in Ecuador. He weighs the evidence for and against a diagnosis of yellow fever.

Rucker reports on possible cases of yellow fever in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Parker describes his malaria education efforts.

Pareja discusses fever cases in Guayaquil and emphatically denies that they are yellow fever.

Carter writes that he agrees with the Pareja report regarding yellow fever in Ecuador.

Carter suggests revision to Connor's paper about the biology of the mosquito vector.

The writer reports on progress in yellow fever work. Pathology, mortality, sanitation measures, epidemiology and the locations of recent outbreaks are all mentioned.

Carter writes about the malaria control work in the U.S. and introduces Peterson.

Howard provides information to Carter on appropriate Latin terms used to reference the “yellow fever mosquito.”

Connor discusses a test for the diagnosis of yellow fever and the possibility of combining an anti-malarial campaign with yellow fever work. He suggests that the Board employ someone to study paleo-pathology.

Carter sends Russell his comments on Connor's paper about the biology of the mosquito vector.

Arthur poses numerous questions related to mosquitos.

[Carter] answers Arthur's questions regarding mosquitos and their relationship to malaria and yellow fever.

Barber discusses research on the seasonal incidence of malaria types.

Fisher comments on the effects of certain types of algae on mosquito larvae.

Sweet discusses the introduction of mosquitoes to Hawaii in 1829 and the prevalence of fever there.

[Carter] requests data on the mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti.

Carter writes that the most pressing problems stem from impounded water, especially in regards to malaria.

[Laura Carter] writes that Henry Carter believes that parasites do not develop in mosquitoes below 61 degrees . He believes last year's cases of malaria were caused by females that had been hibernating.

Barber writes about collecting data on types of malarial parasites.

Scannell writes about his yellow fever work in Mexico. He encloses a sketch showing key points where the sanitation inspectors will work throughout the season.

The writer discusses the influence of pine trees on mosquito production.

Barber writes that he is monitoring mosquitoes and putting together statistics about types of malaria.

Connor reports that there are no cases of yellow fever yet, but the critical period will be in the summer. Connor believes yellow fever in Columbia threatens Mexico.

Carter writes that more work is needed to eliminate yellow fever. He discusses the recent yellow fever outbreak in Columbia. Carter also comments on the origins of yellow fever.

[Carter] informs Linson that Colon has established a full quarantine against several Colombian ports. [Carter] also reports on mosquito breeding in Puerto Rico. He believes that Puerto Rico needs more protection than the Canal Zone, which has a low Stegomyia index.

Carter responds to Monroe's letter that asks several questions about the epidemiology of yellow fever.

Hanson approves of Carter's paper concerning yellow fever in Australia and Asia. Hanson offers his opinion on the world-wide campaign against yellow fever.

Scannell discusses sections from Carter's book, entitled "Epidemiology of Yellow Fever," and requests Carter's opinion on certain aspects.

Carter responds to Monroe's letter raising questions about the endemic yellow fever.

Komp writes about mosquito identification.

Griffitts writes that he has been inspecting ponds and implementing measures to curtail mosquito breeding.

This health department report uses three county associations as examples of what can be done to control malaria.

LePrince writes about organizing county interest in malaria control and sends a health department report.

Pothier reports on his trip to Cucuta, Colombia, where no yellow fever is reported, although there is a great incidence of stegomyia. He has informed the government of the necessity for a mosquito campaign.

[Carter] responds to Scannell's critique of his epidemiology paper.

[Carter] responds to Scannell's critique of his epidemiology paper.

Carter requests information on mosquitos in Colon.

This is a medical report on the outbreak of yellow fever in Benin, West Africa. It details the measures taken to prevent further cases.

[Carter] discusses the breeding of mosquitoes in streams and ponds.

Connor writes that he is using soap as a larvacide in water, and it is proving very effective with Aedes aegypti, but not Culex larvae.

Carter thanks Scannell for his critique of Carter's epidemiology paper and states that Scannell will find well-educated physicians in Brazil.

[Carter] writes that he believes Cucuta and Bucaramanga, Colombia form a permanent focus for yellow fever. He believes that both areas require mosquito control programs.

This report describes the route and the outbreak of malaria on the steamship “Garth Castle.”

Carter writes that he believes control of aegypti mosquitoes in the Bucaramanga-Cucuta area of Colombia may be sufficient to eliminate yellow fever from the entire region.

Byrd tells Carter that long mosquito flights did not cause a great increase in malaria in Colon. He thinks the reopening of the Canal Zone to agriculturists will result in increased malaria. He sends Carter his paper detailing anti-malarial operations.

Connor discusses his paper on yellow fever, including the use of scrubbed versus unscrubbed water barrels. He believes that the areas of North and Central America should be considered one unit because of modern transportation.

Hanson writes Russell about his trip along the Magdalena River in Colombia in preparation for a clean up campaign to try and halt the spread of yellow fever.

Hanson reports on yellow fever in Colombia. He also discusses financial matters.

Pothier sends White his final report on the 1923 Yellow Fever Commission inspection tour of Colombia. He describes travel, meetings with government officials, and incidence of yellow fever and mosquitoes. A series of appended documents [two in Spanish] discuss preparations for the trip, the suspected epidemic in Bucaramanga, individual yellow fever cases, and further details of the tour.

Richardson sends Connor a report describing an ongoing investigation into a death in Colima, Mexico, that initially received a post mortem diagnosis of yellow fever.

Connor seeks Carter's advice on whether or not to suspend the yellow fever campaign in Mexico after twelve disease-free months.

Connor writes Russell about the probable ongoing presence of yellow fever in the Bucaramanga-Cucuta area of Colombia and the likelihood that it has been unrecognized for some time.

Smith's report details the medical examination of a suspected case of yellow fever and concludes that it was not yellow fever.

[Carter] believes that malaria is best controlled by attacking mosquitoes and explains why. He notes that community sterilization of malaria carriers by quinine is a recognized method advocated by physicians, but not by entomologists.

Carter responds to questions from Maxcy regarding the blood index of malaria and problems with blood examination tests based on data from various scientists addressing these issues.

[Carter] discusses past experiments and problems with the use of the blood index in relation to malaria.

[Carter] writes that he is recuperating from an angina pectoris attack. He agrees with Hanson's yellow fever strategy. He discusses his current work on the origins of yellow fever.

Maxcy is glad that Carter is recovering. He discusses the difficulties of distinguishing between re-infection and relapse in malaria, and encloses tables on Coogle's research.

Stevenel's article describes case histories and blood examinations that confirm outbreaks of endemic spirochetosis, concluding this could be the cause of outbreaks of disease similar to yellow fever in the Ivory Coast area.

Hansen writes about his work in Colombia. He has seen no yellow fever in Bucaramanga, although the Stegomyia index is high there as well as along the Magdelena River. He discusses other diseases he has encountered there and notes Dunn's work with mosquitoes.

Hanson states that he does not think there is yellow fever in Bucaramanga and that the purported cases, which he describes, are not yellow fever.

[Carter] thanks Russell for sending him a translation of an article by Stevenel about the spirochetosis observed in the Ivory Coast.

[Carter] discusses theories and scientific studies on immunization from malaria by quinine and on the blood supplies of particular types of mosquitoes.

Barber discusses the failure of the algae chara to prevent larval breeding and desires a copy of a report that Carter suggested would be useful to his work.

Carter agrees that algae chara is not particularly effective in the prevention of breeding and offers his assistance in locating a copy of a report Barber needs for his work.

Gill discusses the relation between malaria and altitude.

Carter discusses diseases similar to yellow fever. He suspects Cucuta, Colombia is a yellow fever focal point. He comments on the origins of yellow fever.

This review of Kelly's book was never published. Kean believed a staff member who was a Carroll propagandist suppressed it. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Connor reports to Carter that the Mexican yellow fever campaign is going well, although he has had difficulties with local officials. He agrees that Maracaibo, rather than the larger Colombian towns, is the focal point for yellow fever.

Williamson informs Carter that the Rockefeller Foundation plans to issue a pamphlet about the use of fish in both yellow fever and malaria control. He would like Carter to read the galley proof.

Williamson asks Carter to read the galley proof for a pamphlet about the use of fish in yellow fever and malaria control.

Hanson describes the ongoing yellow fever work in Colombia. He believes an outbreak is still possible, although there have been no confirmed cases. There has been extensive dengue fever in Barranquilla.

Read expresses her relief that Henry Carter is out of the hospital.

Williamson sends Carter a copy of an earlier letter. He does not want to burden Carter in any way.

Baekland refers to the recent publication of a letter and Howard's response regarding Kean's role. He includes a direct quote from Howard's letter.

Carter comments on Williamson's manuscript, entitled "The Use of Fish for the Control of Mosquitoes."

Connor's article concerns yellow fever control by an anti-mosquito campaign.

Griffitts discusses vegetation and mosquito larvae in 14 different ponds in the Cherokee Basin.

Carter comments on Williamson's manuscript, entitled "The Use of Fish for Mosquito Control."

Vaughn describes possible yellow fever cases in Stann Creek, British Honduras. He includes fever charts of one case.

Carter writes that he is returning Williamson's manuscript with comments.

White writes about his field work to control the spread of yellow fever in Brazil.

[Carter] responds to a report on yellow fever outbreaks in the Guianas.

Williamson thanks Carter for his suggestions in regards to an article entitled "The Use of Fish for the Control of Mosquitoes."

Heiser inquires about the desirability of having a definite identification made of the stegomyia mosquitoes in Asia.

Carter discusses yellow fever-K:\Reed\transmission_8_24\01139011.XMLcarrying mosquitoes in Asia.

Heiser thanks Carter for answering his questions in regards to collecting mosquitoes in Asia.

[Carter] writes about the insect vector disease theory and about the controversy between Carlos Finlay and Walter Reed.

[Carter] writes about the conveyance of yellow fever between Africa and Brazil.

Fricks reports on malaria investigations conducted in the southern United States.

Kean expresses his disapproval of the claims made by Marie Gorgas' in her biography of William Crawford Gorgas.

Kean writes about the campaign against yellow fever.

Boyd refers to two excerpts from Goeldis' theory on the African origin of Stegomyia fasciata.

[Carter] thanks Fricks for a reference. [Carter] explains his health and discusses how important it is that he completes his work on Section III of the History of Yellow Fever so that other scientists can work forward from his conclusions.

Fame of Reed and Gorgas [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Baekland acknowledges Kean's work in the warfare against the mosquito in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Howard responds favorably to Kean's letter published in the New York Times, and offers supporting evidence for Kean's claims in the form of quotations from a letter of Reed.

Howard informs Kean that Reed knew the practical outcome of his proving the mosquito theory and that Reed gave credit to both Kean and Howard. He also encloses a newspaper article about Gorgas and Reed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Barber sends Carter copies of articles on malaria. LePrince reports that mosquito control on the Mexican border is going well.

Baekeland inquires if Howard objects to him writing a letter to the New York Times.

Kean refers to the Marie Gorgas and Hendrick biography of William Crawford Gorgas.

Howard encloses correspondence with L.H. Baekeland, who proposed sending a letter to the New York Times emphasizing Kean's role in mosquito eradication in Cuba in 1901.

Howard informs Baekeland that he does not wish to be involved in the controversy between Marie Gorgas and Kean.

Carter suggests topics for a possible paper.

Carr reports on observations of Aedes aegypti breeding.

Connor reports on mosquito breeding and the need to introduce fish for mosquito control. He notes that there is public pressure on the government for mosquito reduction.

[Carter?] summarizes the progress of the work against yellow fever, considering the factors of pathology, mosquito control, and the causative organism.

Fricks reports on malaria investigations in the southern United States. He details laboratory work, epidemiological studies, and impounded water investigations.

Carr describes the breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquitos in mud puddles in Brazil.

Connor describes an unknown fever in Dutch Guiana. He discusses the prevalence of Aedes stegomyia and the types of water storage used in the area.

Laura Armistead Carter transcribes a conversation between Henry Rose Carter, Thayer, and Parker, which shows how Carter's data on extrinsic incubation assisted Lazear and Reed in reaching the decision to test the theory of mosquito transmission. Carter also discusses the contributions of Finlay and others to this theory.

Fricks reports on the progress of malaria investigations conducted in the southern United States.

Thompson reports on the sanitary condition of the water supply in Great Britain. Barber provides information regarding malarial conditions in Louisiana. LePrince discusses mosquito control efforts in Tennessee and Alabama.

Carter comments on Muhlens' paper about regional variations in the mosquito's relation to the malaria parasite.

Fricks reports on the progress of the malaria campaign in the southern United States.

LePrince reports on the role of the engineer in regards to malaria prevention.

Fricks reports on malaria work in the southern United States.

Carter comments on how to minimize the malaria problem. He recommends an article to Deeks.

Griffitts discusses malaria, mosquitoes and ponds.

LePrince reports on the malaria exhibit in Memphis, Tennessee. He mentions a malaria census in Shelby County, Tennessee.

Fricks reports on the malaria campaign in the southern United States.

Griffitts discusses the possible influence of humidity on the mosquito life-span.

Stitt writes that no serious attempt was made at the Naval Medical School to discover a satisfactory repellent for mosquitoes.

Rosenau comments on a chapter from Carter's book on yellow fever

[Carter] writes that he believes there was no yellow fever in Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest.

Barber discusses his experiments and provides his observations on the longevity, breeding, and feeding habits of the Anopheles mosquito.

Lyster comments on Carter's manuscript. He agrees with Carter's theory regarding the origins of yellow fever.

Heiser sends a detailed report on the Malaria conference in New Orleans, Louisiana. He discusses malaria treatment, control, and mosquitoes.

Fisher discusses the recent malaria conference. He offers his opinion on the Southern Power Company's plan to impound water.

Darling discusses pneumonia in South Africa and its transmission. He mentions the recent malaria conference and the paper that he presented.

Scannell reports on the yellow fever work in Brazil. He offers his opinion on the methods by which the yellow fever work is conducted.

Connor discusses the yellow fever work in El Salvador.

Connor discusses his yellow fever campaign in El Salvador; as well as the work of his colleagues in Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala.

[Carter] critiques Deeks' manuscript on malaria. He discusses the use of quinine and anti-mosquito methods.

Carter's obituary describes his many accomplishments, lists his publications, and compares Carter, Reed, and Gorgas, to famous soldiers, jurists, and statesmen of Virginia.

Background of Events [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

This review, by an unnamed critic, concentrates on the claims surrounding Gorgas' yellow fever work.

Carter requests to know what was said at the malaria conference concerning mosquito breeding in wells and containers.

Boldridge describes malaria control in South Carolina.

[Carter] discusses mosquito breeding in containers and wells, and the use of quinine injections.

[Carter] refutes the statement of the Pasteur Commission that infective mosquitoes bite only at night. He will assist LePrince in setting up an experiment to prove this theory.

Heiser inquires whether Carter has seen an article on mosquito breeding in palm leaves.

[Carter] discusses the breeding of mosquitoes in palm leaves.

Kean, in his review of the book about William Crawford Gorgas written by Marie D. Gorgas and Burton J. Hendrick, clarifies many false claims that credit Gorgas for the cleaning up of Cuba. Moreover, Kean states that Gorgas was very slow to accept the mosquito theory and that his role in France during World War I was not nearly as great as what was portrayed by the book. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This editorial concerns Marie Gorgas' biography of her husband. The editor comments on the claims made concerning Gorgas' yellow fever work.

LePrince discusses conditions of mosquito breeding and an experimental chemical to control mosquitoes.

Griffitts describes the survival of mosquito larvae in cold conditions, and provides news of his family.

[Carter] comments on Deeks' monograph on malaria, and he suggests changes.

Carr sends White his clinical history and autopsy report on a Brazilian yellow fever case and describes several other cases.

Havard recalls Gorgas' hesitance in accepting the conclusions of the Reed commission and his continuance of the expensive disinfection of fomites. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean approves of Amador's idea for a popular history of yellow fever. He relates his recollections of the X.Y. yellow fever case.

[Carter] discusses the comparative efficacy, as a malaria vector, of three main species of Anopheles mosquitos in the United States.

Scannell discusses the mud puddle breeding of mosquitoes in Africa. He is confident that the yellow fever work in Africa will succeed.

This review, which appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association, is critical of some of the accomplishments attributed to William Crawford Gorgas by Marie Gorgas and Hendrick.

[Carter] reports that MacFie is being sent to Africa to research the breeding of Stegomyia in mud puddles. He discusses his health.

Background of Events

Barber queries Carter on the history of malaria in Virginia. He describes his anti-malaria work and his preparation for a conference, in Rome.

McCaw offers comments on Sullivan's draft chapter about Gorgas and yellow fever.

Patterson corrects Robinson's statement that Gorgas discovered the means of transmission for yellow fever.

Kean compliments Ravenel on his review of the Gorgas biography and presents his own view of the errors in the book.

Carter describes malaria and living conditions in Virginia after the Civil War.

Noguchi comments on the importance of determining mosquito infectivity and possible animal immunity in experiments on mosquito transmission of yellow fever in animals.

Carr expresses his admiration for Henry Carter.

Collins thanks Carter for her assistance on an article he has written about mosquitoes and encloses a copy of the article.

Dr. H.R. Carter Claimed By Death

Dr. H.R. Carter Dead; Fought Yellow Fever

Dr. H.R. Carter Dead; Fought Yellow Fever

That “Seeketh Not Its Own”

Ravenel refers to an article by Russell concerning the sanitation campaign in Havana (1900). In an autograph note, [Kean] writes that Ravenel has misunderstood Russell.

This obituary discusses the life and career of Carter.

Officials Attend Dr. H.R. Carter Rites

Kean agrees that Russell should be unambiguous in his statements regarding Gorgas.

Ravenel does not agree that Carter's work led Reed to investigate into mosquito transmission of yellow fever, pointing to earlier contributions to the theory by Nott and Finlay.

Background of Events

Cumming has the impression that Henry Rose Carter told Reed about his extrinsic incubation theory and asks Laura Carter if her father's work influenced Reed. An autograph note by Laura Carter attests to the influence of her father's work on Reed.

Carter refutes Ravenel's suggestion that Henry Rose Carter did not influence Reed's decision to investigate the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever and encloses documents to support this position.

Cater supplies information suggesting that Henry Rose Carter had speculated about the mosquito transmission theory when he was sick with yellow fever in [1897].

Kean makes corrections to Sullivan's manuscript for a book chapter on Gorgas, including a memorandum for Ireland concerning Gorgas' military record and honors.

Ravenel discusses the influences of Henry Rose Carter's extrinsic incubation theory and Finlay's mosquito theory on Reed's work.

Kean discusses Russell's article on Gorgas and comments on the errors in the Marie Gorgas biography of her husband. Included is an autograph note by Kean.

Kean informs Wood that he has read Sullivan's manuscript and Wood's memorandum regarding the work of Gorgas in Cuba. Kean still believes that Wood was responsible for pushing Gorgas into accepting the mosquito theory. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

His Race with Death Won by Last of the Yellow Fever Pioneers [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

Siler's manuscript describes 19th century yellow fever epidemics in the United States, theories of yellow fever transmission, and the contribution of Reed in proving mosquito transmission.

Frost writes a lengthy document providing details about the life and achievements of Henry Rose Carter. He argues that Carter was the foremost figure in the development of quarantine and the management of epidemics, that his studies of the incubation period of yellow fever was the most notable every made in non-experimental epidemiology, and that his indefatigable studies into yellow fever led to his mastery of the subject as evidenced in his book, The History of Yellow Fever.

This pamphlet describes the yellow fever experiments as one of the greatest detective stories of all time. The villain of yellow fever was the mosquito and fomites were proven innocent. The term, executing the sentence, is used to describe the campaign to rid Cuba of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Fricks inquires whether Derivaux has any knowledge of Carter's statement regarding an unusual type of mosquito larvae.

Fricks writes to Stimson concerning Carter's identification of an unusual type of mosquito larvae.

It Seems to Me

Russell discusses mosquito breeding in crab holes and mentions the Hanson article on yellow fever.

Thayer discusses the influence of Carter's and Finlay's work on Reed and Lazear.

Thayer makes reference to Carter's experiments and their influence on Lazear. Thayer inquires if Lazear discussed his theories with her.

Ravenel writes that he doubts the influence of Carter's work on Reed. He believes Reed was inspired by Finlay.

Thayer thanks her for the extracts of letters she sent, which confirmed that the Yellow Fever Commission initially pursued the Sanarelli hypothesis.

Carter makes notes about Henry Rose Carter's theory of extrinsic incubation and Wade Hampton Frost's editing work on the History of Yellow Fever.

Frost offers comments on the inadequacy of the International Health Board Bulletin's published memorial to Henry Rose Carter, and encloses a letter from Frederick F. Russell in which Frost is asked to make additions and corrections to the printed memorial.

Kean provides his analysis of the date of the initiation of anti-mosquito efforts in Havana. He cites a report by William Crawford Gorgas, which was written in 1904.

Peabody describes efforts to obtain pensions for Kissinger and for widows of yellow fever commission participants.

Phalen's biographical sketch describes H.R. Carter's family, education, career, appearance, and personality.

LeRoy y Cassa defends Finlay against the claims of the Rockefeller Foundation and others. He refers to Marie Gorgas and Burton J. Hendrick's biography of William Crawford Gorgas.

Peabody informs the Kissingers that a fund is being established for their support.

This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.

This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.

This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.

Kean discovers in his diaries that Porter, at a Pan American Sanitary Congress, cast a dissenting vote against the statement that the stegomyia fasciata was the only known cause of yellow fever.[Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean rejects Nelson's article on the grounds of inaccuracies. Kean informs him of the Walter Reed Memorial Association's work and Peabody's efforts to lobby Congress for pension increases for the survivors.

Kean expresses his disappointment in the competition between Cuba and America regarding the credit for the yellow fever work. According to Kean, it was Reed who demonstrated Finlay's theory and Gorgas who applied it.

Siler comments on Kean's defense of Finlay.

The writer corrects the date of the commencement of mosquito eradication in Havana.

Kean gives a speech at the Opening Ceremonies of the dedication to Walter Reed's birthplace. He recounts the entire history of the yellow fever investigation. (Reprinted from The Military Surgeon for March, 1928)

[Kean's] speech, delivered at Belroi, praises the achievements of Reed and the Reed Commission. [Kean] also discusses the sanitary efforts achieved by Gorgas in eradicating yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean mentions that his speech at the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace was well received. He also mentions his distrust of Noguchi's experiments. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean expresses his continued interest in the status of yellow fever investigations, experimentation on monkeys, and Carter's book on the history of yellow fever.

New Honor For A Heroic Army Doctor

Great Medical Deeds

Kean supports offering pensions for those who took part in the Reed Yellow Fever demonstration, and for the widows of those who died. He also supports a pension for Agramonte for his important contribution to the Board. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Taylor gives a history of Ancon Hospital in Panama and the reasons why so many patients were infected with yellow fever. Taylor states that Gorgas was entirely responsible for the cleaning up of the hospitals and the Panama environs, and suggests that the name of Ancon Hospital be changed to the General Gorgas Hospital. A biographical sketch of Gorgas is included.

Agramonte appreciates Kean's balanced report of the yellow fever work. He comments on current yellow fever work.

Hildebrand requests a higher pension and describes his service with the yellow fever commission in Cuba. He also states that Reed trembled all over when an infected mosquito escaped. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

De Niedman offers his recollections of yellow fever work in Cuba, including investigations of Sanarelli's bacillus and sanitary measures undertaken.

Gruenberg inquires about Hildebrand's account of his participation in the yellow fever experiments. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Siler asks Kean for information about Hildebrand and his participation in the yellow fever experiments. A handwritten note explains that Reed did not allow Hildebrand to be bitten by a mosquito because of his age. They did allow him to be a part of the fomite experiments. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Russell refers to questions and a statement concerning yellow fever published in "The Tropical Diseases Bulletin," March 1928. He cites the work and writing of Carter as having proven yellow fever can be eliminated without knowing its causal organism.

This document recounts the speech given by Kean at the dedication of Belroi, the birthplace of Walter Reed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Russell responds to Carter's inquiry about Noguchi's death in West Africa and tells her of the yellow fever deaths of Dr. Young and Dr. Stokes, stating that they were likely to have occurred from laboratory work inoculating animals in Africa.

Kean corrects an error in a Post editorial stating that an American scientist found the yellow fever germ. Kean points out that Reed demonstrated that yellow fever was spread by a particular variety of mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Carter] asks Connor to confirm citations of publications that he has authored in order to verify these references for Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Hanson attempts to answer Carter's questions about various medical references and describes his work in Florida on malaria outbreaks.

Private Dean --- Apotheosis of Courage

LePrince responds to Carter's request for verification of various references.

LePrince and Carter offer suggestions for the control of malaria on the plantations of the United Fruit Company.

Peabody seeks clarification of information for a pamphlet on yellow fever for the American Museum of Natural History.

Kean comments on photos to be used by Peabody in his article and supplies Moran's address. He has a high opinion of Moran.

Frost sends information Carter can use to verify references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter writes Frost about bibliographical references to the History of Yellow Fever manuscript.

Carter sends references and books Frost needs to verify references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter explains the collaborative work she and Frost are doing to edit Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and asks for Stephens' assistance with some references for the book.

[Carter] supplies additional references she has tracked down for the History of Yellow Fever regarding early epidemics that may have been yellow fever.

Carter informs Frost about the aegypti mosquito eggs, her work tracking down references, and her desire to make sure all the references in the bibliography conform with one another for the History of Yellow Fever.

Howard sends Carter a reference from the Bulletin of Entomological Research about the breeding of the yellow fever mosquito that he believes she will find helpful.

Carter thanks Howard for sending her a reference from the Bulletin of Entomological Research and updates him on her progress.

Stephens is having difficulty tracking down some references for Carter, but is still trying to get an answer for her.

Carter writes about mutual friends and about her work on the History of Yellow Fever.

Hoffman asks that he be sent copies of certain reports published by the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carter thanks Morley for meeting with her in Washington to provide assistance with Mayan references for the History of Yellow Fever and asks him to send her more information when he gets to Mexico.

Carter thanks Hoffman for his efforts to obtain a copy of a report by the Yellow Fever Commission that is necessary to verify a reference.

Ashburn's speech to an audience of student nurses is an overview of Reed's life and work. The piece includes an excerpt from the Surgeon General's report, 1900.

This report chronicles the path to recognition for the members of the Yellow Fever Board, beginning with a 1906 letter from Theodore Roosevelt.

Report recognizes the public service rendered by Walter Reed and those associated with him in the discovery of the cause and means of transmission of yellow fever. It also contains a statement regarding the pensions being provided to persons named in the bill, in particular widows, Agramonte, and the yellow fever volunteers. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean responds to Ames' inquiry about the pension bill and offers reasons why Roger Ames is not included.

This document lists individuals involved in the yellow fever experiments. [Kean] inserts handwritten corrections to the document. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter waits to hear from Frost about finalizing work on the manuscript and continues to work on bibliographical references for the History of Yellow Fever.

Kean requests supplemental information on Jesse Lazear's life, as well as information on Mabel Lazear and her children.

Kean chronologically lists the events related to yellow fever in Cuba, for Hagedorn.

Blanton asks for information regarding mosquitoes and yellow fever epidemics in Virginia for his research on the history of medicine in Virginia.

Carter is interested in Blanton's planned medical history of Virginia and although her father's manuscript does not cover the time period Blanton is interested in, she answers as many questions as she can.

Howard discusses his work on mosquito theory.

Carter inquires if the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation can track down a reference involving Michael E. Connor.

Agramonte answers Mrs. Ames' questions concerning her husband's actions and responsibilities with the yellow fever board in Cuba.

Agramonte informs Mrs. Ames about her husband's actions and responsibilities with the yellow fever board in Cuba, enclosing answers to questions she has posed.

Truby's recounts his memories of the yellow fever experiments, and his anger with Agramonte for making what he feels are unjustified claims.

Carter is not worried about Frost's revisions to the fifth chapter of the book. She explains that Henry Rose Carter's first interest would be to get his argument clear rather than eloquent.

Laura Armistead Carter and Wade Hampton Frost edited Henry Rose Carter's book on yellow fever. It is divided into three main sections: the epidemiology of yellow fever; diseases which have, or might have, been confused with yellow fever in the past; and the place of the origin of yellow fever. Carter concludes that biological as well as historical evidence favors an African origin of yellow fever.

This script briefly covers major historical accounts of yellow fever including stories of the Flying Dutchman, the Philadelphia epidemic, and the building of the Panama Canal. The document also addresses the heroic experiments performed on human volunteers to discover that mosquitoes transmitted yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The document outlines the method, findings, and conclusions of the inquiry into the early history of yellow fever.

Seward inquires about maritime quarantine regulations. He also requests information regarding Henry Carter's opinion of Strobel's, Nott's and Nelson's yellow fever work.

Daughter Carries on Father's Work

A bibliography composed by Laura Carter lists H.R. Carter's yellow fever articles.

Howard requests an interview with Truby to learn about Reed's character and personality for a play he is writing about the Yellow Fever Commission.

Laura Carter sends Seward a copy of Frost's notes on Henry Rose Carter. [not enclosed] She describes her father's opinions of Strobel's, Nott's and Bell's yellow fever research and encloses a list of Carter's yellow fever articles.

Kean strongly believes that Roger Post Ames should not be included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Truby provides the rationale behind the inclusion of members of the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor and asserts that A. S. Pinto should not be included. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Truby states his opinion, with Kean's concurrence, regarding qualifications for inclusion in the yellow fever roll of honor. He refers to the paper written by Walter Reed et al., "The Etiology of Yellow Fever - A Preliminary Note," and he recommends A.S. Pinto not be included in the roll of honor.

The Secretary of War recommends denying the claim of A.S. Pinto, as presented in Senate Bill No. 206.

This letter states that Pinto's share in the experiments had little or no value, and he should not be included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hanson looks forward to seeing Carter when he is in Birmingham for a meeting of the Southern Medical Association, the National Malaria Committee, and the American Society of Tropical Medicine.

Briggs, Jesse Lazear's son-in-law, congratulates Howard on his play. He offers a correction concerning Private Dean's willingness to participate in the experiment.

Baker's recollections of yellow fever in Havana from 1898 to 1900 include a description of deaths among the American military officers.

Baker describes his personal experiences in connection with yellow fever epidemics in Havana, Cuba.

Woods transcribes part of a 1914 letter from Henry Cabot Lodge to Theodore Roosevelt concerning the successful use of mosquito netting against yellow fever in 1850.

Carter lists twenty-two articles he wrote on yellow fever and malaria. Attached is a handwritten note by Laura Armistead Carter.

Cox's lecture includes a biography of Walter Reed and a detailed description of the yellow fever experiments.

Sawyer inquires about the use of a rhesus monkey in Reed's yellow fever experiments. He questions the accuracy of the "Yellow Jack's" portrayal of Dean.

Hutchinson describes the play she has written, based upon the work of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Sawyer thanks Truby for responding to his letter, and is pleased with Truby's opinion regarding Dean.

Kean inquires about Truby's recollections of the circumstances of Lazear's contraction of yellow fever. He informs Truby that the Cubans intended to memorialize the room at Las Animas where Lazear was said to have been bitten. Kean informed them that this was not true.

Kean discusses the unjustified claims in the Gorgas biography by Burton Hendrick and Marie Gorgas, relates news of an old acquaintance and of his health, and expresses his sympathy for Cuban sensitivity about Finlay.

Truby provides his recollections of the yellow fever experiments, including Lazear's infection, Carroll's and Agramonte's claims, Dean's infection, Kean's leadership, and the memorial plaque for Lazear at Las Animas Hospital.

Albertini memorializes Lazear and Clara Maass.

Moran's autobiography gives a detailed account of the yellow fever experiments in which he took part.

This radio script presents a fictionalized version of the yellow fever experiments, and portrays Kissinger and Moran as heroes. The radio program was prepared and produced by Young & Rubicam, Inc. for the program, "We The People", for their client the General Foods Corp., to promote their product "Calumet", on January 10, 1937, from 5:00-5:30 on the network WJZ.

This radio show script on the yellow fever experiments includes an interview with Kissinger.

Andrus compliments Truby and requests verification of certain incidents related to the yellow fever experiments.

Andrus requests clarification of the definition of his role in the yellow fever experiments published in the Roll of Honor.

Lampson solicits information about Gorgas for an upcoming book on the conquest of yellow fever.

Andrus offers his cooperation in Hench's project and encloses a list of the yellow fever volunteers.

Kean describes the 1900 Havana Finlay-Reed dinner, which celebrated the conclusive proof of Finlay's theory by Reed's work. He feels that Finlay has not received a fair share of the credit.

Kissinger responds to questions regarding the yellow fever experiments. He asserts that he volunteered before Moran.

Kean writes Clemons about the Reed - Finlay controversy, and wants to make sure credit is given to both men. Kean submits testimony indicating that Finlay claimed the mosquito as the agent for the spread of yellow fever, and consequently certainly deserves more acknowledgement in U.S. accounts of the yellow fever investigation. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean mentions to Clemons his book review of “William Crawford Gorgas: His Life and Work,” and states that the book clearly indicates Gorgas as the originator of methods to eradicate mosquitoes, when in fact Howard was responsible for these measures. Kean is quite upset over the unwillingness of the author of the book to change the facts. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hench lists questions he has concerning the yellow fever experiments.

The list of Peabody's slides includes six major topics: historical background, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, results of the yellow fever experiments, later history of the yellow fever heroes, the yellow fever bill, and the Walter Reed Memorial in Indianapolis.

Cooke describes the experiments at Camp Lazear.

Moran sends Hench extensive notes describing locations, personalities, and other details of the yellow fever experiments and commenting on the actions and attitudes of the Cuban government regarding a Lazear memorial location.

Hench questions Moran about the yellow fever experiments.

Kean answers Hench's questions regarding the yellow fever experiments.

Barker provides general biographical information on Jesse Lazear.

This letter contains Truby's recollections of the Yellow Fever Commission work and excerpts of his own [then incomplete] history of the Yellow Fever Commission - concerning Jesse W. Lazear.

Barker lists additional Lazear references. The letter includes autograph notes by Hench on the Lazear memorial inscription at Johns Hopkins University.

Kean promises that he will assist Hench in his research. He suggests that Hench contact Truby for more information.

Summary of Hench's research, with various autograph notes, memorandum, and addendum.

Hench requests permission to study Kean's diary in depth. He poses a large number of questions concerning yellow fever work.

Hench requests information on the Dean Memorial Bridge.

Hench encloses a draft of his manuscript with specific questions for Truby to answer.

Cooke writes that he would be glad to look over Hench's memorandum on the yellow fever experiments.

Hench inquires about a newspaper article on Dean, and asks for a photo of the Dean Memorial Bridge.

Kean comments on Truby's manuscript about the yellow fever experiments. He complains that some "rank candidates" are lobbying to be included in the Roll of Honor.

Kean comments on Truby's paper about his service in Cuba. He feels that Truby's narration is of immense value and fears that most of Reed's papers are lost. He mentions that the University of Virginia is honoring Moran with a dinner.

Castro describes a 1904 history of Las Animas Hospital, by Barnet and Guiteras.

Dominguez Roldan describes his book on Finlay's yellow fever work.

Cooke sends Hench his recollections of the experiments at Camp Lazear. He says that it was so long ago that his memory fails him as to many details.

Hench supplies details and references on the yellow fever experiments, correcting errors in the film strip Hallock prepared for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.

Finlay writes about the location of Camp Lazear and his recently published biography of his father, Carlos J. Finlay.

Kean responds in detail to Hench's letter concerning the yellow fever experiments. He sends his diary from late 1900 and a copy of a speech at the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace.

Kean compares the two methods of testing for yellow fever: mosquito bites and sleeping in the infected bedding. He claims that at the time of the experiments, the latter was considered more dangerous.

Andrus comments on Truby's draft about his Cuba experiences, especially in regards to Agramonte.

Mrs. Agramonte Rodriguez Leon discusses her father's views on Lazear's and Carroll's actions and roles in the yellow fever experiments, commenting specifically on Hench's notes.

Andrus writes to Cooke with questions regarding the yellow fever experiments and Agramonte's role. Cooke answers the questions in the spaces provided and adds a qualifying note.

Andrus discusses the yellow fever experiments and his own experience with inoculation.

Atcheson Hench describes the setting, guests, conversations, and presentations at a dinner given in honor of Moran at which Kean described the yellow fever experiments and Moran answered questions from the guests.

This program includes photographs and text concerning the yellow fever experiments, and Hench's autographed notes.

This is the text of Hench's speech, which was given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College.

Berkson writes that he was impressed by Hench's lecture on the yellow fever experiments. He thinks Hench's paper should be published in Johns Hopkins University's "Bulletin of the History of Medicine."

Hench's list records microfilmed documents from the National Archives, including official reports and correspondence concerning Columbia Barracks Post Hospital, from 1899 to 1901.

In a numbered list, Hench names and identifies the figures in the Cornwell yellow fever painting.

Notes by an unknown author on the notebook found at the New York Academy of Medicine discuss references to the yellow fever experiments.

Hench remarks on the history of the experiments that led to the conquest of yellow fever.

Hench explains Moran's and Kissinger's differing memories of the yellow fever experiments. He informs Truby that he wants to write an account that will glorify all concerned with the Yellow Fever Commission.

Kean comments on the controversy over Agramonte's role in the mosquito work. He answers, in detail, questions based on Hench's reading of Kean's diary. He emphasizes that Reed never told him Lazear's infection was experimental. He believes Lazear's careful records enabled Reed to understand the yellow fever incubation period.