Strachan describes what she believes to be one of the last letters written by Henry Rose Carter as very beautiful.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

[Carter] outlines anti-malarial measures for farmhouses and plantations.

This brief sketch gives details into Walter Reed's early military career out west.

[Carter] describes Henry Rose Carter's attachment to the University of Virginia.

The American Association for Medical Progress briefly outlines the history of yellow fever and the Yellow Fever Commission, and concludes that animal experimentation is crucial in order to save human lives.

Roberts makes inquiries to help Carter locate an assistant who can translate Spanish and Portuguese.

The American Association for Medical Progress briefly outlines the history of yellow fever and the Yellow Fever Commission, and concludes that animal experimentation is crucial in order to save human lives.

This document gives a brief and concise history of the places, the death toll, and the cost of yellow fever epidemics in the United States. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Andrus answers questions about Ames and mentions the kindness of Lambert.

Sawyer sends Carter a telegram granting her sick leave.

Kelly thanks Truby for the information he sent him about Finlay because the Universidad De Villanueva wants to honor him.

Simpson summarizes the life of Lemuel S. Reed, as he knew him through religious work, and gives an account of his death and funeral. Simpson conducted the funeral service.

[Hench] outlines details of the yellow fever investigation, including a diagram of the Board's laboratory at Columbia Barracks.

The Tumble Down Shack

This manuscript details stories of the young Henry Rose Carter including his mathematic ability, his reaction to the Civil War, and his education.

This manuscript discusses Walter Reed's yellow fever experiments in Cuba and provides letters written by Reed.

Reed reminisces about her father and includes letters written by her father to her mother. [Hench] notes inconsistencies with her transcriptions and the originals in the margins.

Carter writes about the Public Health Service, his children, and his health.

Carter writes about his children and other personal matters.

Carter describes his current hospital work.

On The Yellow Malignant Fever

Tate is surprised at the length of the questionnaire from Hench but will answer the questions to the best of his ability.

This document reviews the condition of the four horse ambulances of the 1st Division Ambulance Corp.

Lawrence writes a story about a rose.

William Lazear announces the death of his mother and the upcoming funeral.

Reed plans to enter the U.S. Army Medical Corps, and gives his rationale. He describes his experiences in the city. He explains his later plans for marriage and his philosophy of life.

Reed informs Lawrence that he is studying for the Medical Corps exam. He describes the exam, and offers his opinion of social engagements.

Reed accepts an invitation to appear before the U.S. Surgeon's Examining Board, and explains that he would have responded sooner had he not contracted a fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed is exhausted from work. He plans a trip home. His step-mother is curious about his relationship with Emilie Lawrence. He critiques contemporary novels.

Reed seeks permission to call on Emilie Lawrence.

Reed offers many compliments to Emilie Lawrence. He claims in verse that he is not a poet and assures her his feelings for her are genuine.

Reed is worried that he may be writing Emilie Lawrence too frequently. He is sick but will persevere to take his medical exam.

Reed expresses his love for his dispersed family, and notes that it has been one year since he met her. Reed will delay taking his medical exam.

Reed lovingly writes to Emilie Lawrence that he will not forget her.

Reed writes that he misses her. Reed's step-mother is in Norfolk and may visit Murfeesboro - Emilie Lawrence's hometown. He has received his commission from Army Medical Corps.

Reed professes his love to Emilie Lawrence, and looks forward to seeing her again.

Reed discusses his future life in the Army and asks Emilie Lawrence to marry him.

Reed assures Emilie Lawrence of the sincerity of his feelings. She has not yet given an answer to his marriage proposal.

Reed seeks permission to call on Emilie Lawrence.

Reed writes that he made a medical call on Emilie Lawrence's relative, Mrs. Vaughan, on his way home to New York. He had been in North Carolina visiting Emilie Lawrence.

Reed writes that he has been delayed in Boykins on his way back to New York.

Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence.

Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence.

Lazear writes about killing potato bugs, attending church, studying the map of Europe, and memorization.

Reed and Emilie Lawrence are engaged. They anticipate separation for his military assignment.

Reed delights in Emilie Lawrence's love and prays for worthiness.

Reed informs Emilie Lawrence, his fiance, that the question of military leave is at the discretion of the Surgeon General.

Reed has not heard from Emilie Lawrence. He expresses affection for her relative Mrs. Vaughan.

Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. News spreads of their engagement.

Reed has his uniform tailored for a photograph to give to Emilie Lawrence. He makes plans to visit her.

Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He admires her forgiving spirit, and writes her poetry. He writes to her mother to confirm their engagement, and reports that the photograph he had made of himself in uniform will be ready soon.

Reed writes Emilie Lawrence that he is lonely without her.

Reed describes to Emilie Lawrence his trip to New York City on a steamer from Portsmouth, Virginia. He relates a story containing a lesson of married life.

Reed describes to Emilie Lawrence the difficulties he undergoes to reach his army post at Willets Point, New York harbor.

Reed gives Emilie Lawrence a description of the U.S. Army base at Willets Point, New York harbor. He describes his duties there as a medical officer.

Reed informs Emilie Lawrence that he has light military duties and an easy command as a medical officer at Willets Point U.S. Army base. He misses her.

Reed, in verse, declares his devotion to Emilie Lawrence.

Reed assures Emilie Lawrence of his devotion. He describes a visit to New York City to buy her wedding ring.

Reed responds to Emilie Lawrence's teasing. He alludes to their wedding planned for the fall of 1876. He is beginning study of French and German.

Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He offers a prayer to his deceased natural mother. He also discusses various topics, including medical treatments, a Catholic service, French lessons, and reading.

Reed sends an engagement ring to Emilie Lawrence by express mail.

Reed remains devoted to Emilie Lawrence. He comments on a caricature she has drawn, which includes mosquitos.

Reed describes his activities to Emilie Lawrence: French language studies, reading, and chess. He promises no card playing at her request.

Reed reiterates his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He describes errands in New York City and his responsibilities at Willet's Point Army Base.

Reed reiterates his devotion to her. He describes a view of the planets by telescope.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence about writing. He reiterates his devotion to her, and makes plans to visit her.

Reed describes his military responsibilities. He assures Emilie Lawrence that she is above all others in his heart.

Reed writes to Emilie Lawrence concerning irony. He notes that there was a delay in receiving her letter.

Reed's visit to Emilie Lawrence is set, but he teases her first.

Reed misses Emilie Lawrence after visiting her. He writes lines of poetry and offers a critique of an Episcopalian minister.

Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He expects a permanent military assignment in the spring.

Reed takes a carriage ride to see the fall colors.

Reed makes a visit to a doctor's family. An army general gives him word on his future assignment.

Emilie Lawrence visits Norfolk and Reed teases her.

Reed reiterates his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He describes his responsibilities and notes that General Humphreys, Chief of the Army Corps of Engineers, arrives at the base for a dinner.

Reed relates to Emilie Lawrence details of his brother's visit.

Reed describes a dinner given for General Humphreys, Chief of the Army Corps of Engineers. He also describes city sights seen with his brother. He gives a defense of army life and teases her.

Reed describes athletic events and a tournament. He comments on jealousy.

Reed learns that Emilie Lawrence is nursing her nephew who has typhoid fever. He expresses concern for her health, and apologizes for his sad letter earlier today.

Reed visits New York City, where he buys Emilie Lawrence a book. He is concerned for her health.

Reed reaffirms his feelings for Emilie Lawrence. He describes the physician's lot, and inquires about the new Murfreesboro newspaper and their friends Miss Peace and Mr. Sharpe.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence about a rumor of her impending marriage. He plans a visit to see her.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence about not writing and about attentions from Professor Sharpe. He discusses small pox cases among children on the post.

Reed writes of visitors to the Willet's Point base and his treatment of the sick.

Reed describes sleigh rides he has taken with the ladies of the army base at Willet's Point. He teases Emilie Lawrence.

Reed arranges a visit to Norfolk and Murfreesboro. He describes social events at the army base at Willet's Point.

Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He is thankful for the time spent with her.

Reed visits a sick friend in Brooklyn. He was impressed with Baltimore on his trip home.

Reed describes the visit of dignitaries - including General William T. Sherman - to the post at Willet's Point.

Reed has not heard from Emilie Lawrence. He tells her he misses her, and reports on cases of measles at the base.

Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He resolves to be a better Christian.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence.

Reed remarks on the ingratitude of patients. He informs Emilie Lawrence that he will be in a play.

Reed studies Emilie Lawrence's French grammar. He assures her of his devotion. He visits Central Park, New York City.

The Army post expects a visit from Gen. William T. Sherman and the Secretary of War. Reed anticipates his upcoming marriage to Emilie Lawrence.

Reed is ordered to San Francisco. He will visit Emilie Lawrence with a “startling request.”

William Lazear writes about the Centennial Exhibition. He also provides family news.

Reed describes his family life, his reunion with Emilie Lawrence Reed, and their journey to Camp Lowell.

Quarantine Precautions Against Yellow Fever

Incidents of the Scourge at the South

New York's Contribution to the Suffering South

The front page of this issue has illustrations of New York citizens donating to victims of yellow fever.

The Yellow Fever Visitation. Terrible Scenes in New Orleans and Memphis.

The Lessons of Calamity

Camp Father Mathew, in Memphis, Tenn., During the Yellow Fever Epidemic

Emilie Lawrence Reed and her young son, Walter Lawrence Reed, begin a trip east from Arizona.

Reed waits for Mrs. Compton in order to accompany her to an Army post. He misses his wife and son, and asks his wife to hire a nurse for their son.

Reed describes a trip to Santa Fe, New Mexico. He hears news of Emilie Lawrence Reed from a train conductor.

Reed writes that he received her letter to him.

Reed continues his trip back to Fort Apache, Arizona. He has not heard from her lately.

Reed's trip to Fort Apache, Arizona continues. He describes a river crossing. Col. Compton, post commander, travels out to meet Reed and Mrs. Compton.

Reed arrives at Fort Apache. He describes his house, and relays news of their friends. He studies Spanish.

Reed hopes that his wife's health improves. He offers news of colleagues at Fort Apache and hopes for an assignment back east. He has received no letter from her.

Reed describes a carriage ride. He responds to a letter from Emilie Lawrence Reed, giving her financial advice and offering news of acquaintances.

Reed describes enlisting Indian scouts and camping in the wilderness.

Reed writes that he appreciates Emilie Lawrence Reed's sacrifices. His son will be 18 months old on June 4, 1879. He sends his love and misses them.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He offers news from the base. He is glad to hear that she is feeling better.

Reed has photographs of his wife and son, and asks if they remember him. He gives news of their acquaintances and his Spanish studies.

Reed describes a Native American at the fort, as well as his house and garden. Life on the base is dull, so he anticipates a new home with his wife and son.

Yellow Fever in Memphis

Reed has heard no word from Emilie Lawrence Reed regarding a necklace he sent her. He studies Spanish, and will take the medical exam when he returns. He gives news of the post commissary and their acquaintances.

Reed agrees to send McPherson supplies.

Reed's letter to his wife includes his thoughts on scouting, his work to get the hospital property ready for inspection, an upcoming court martial, and his side-whiskers.

Memphis Under Quarantine Rule

Reed teases McPherson, and writes about debts, pay, and military assignments.

Reed learns that McPherson will return to Fort Apache. Reed refers to other soldiers, and teases McPherson.

Reed hopes his son remembers him. Reed learns he will not have an assignment to Fort Thomas. He notes that the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad is moving closer to Fort Apache. He writes about finances and military personnel.

Reed is glad Emilie and their son made it safely to Norfolk. He describes his friend Cruse as well as several women who have been kind to him. He encourages his wife to have her photograph taken and to attend the theater.

Reed corrects Emilie Lawrence Reed's misapprehension about the date of his reassignment. He expects to return east by June 30.

Reed is concerned about his son's illness. He observes a beautiful snowfall, and gives details about a hunting trip on which Native Americans accompany him.

Reed teases McPherson and writes that he cannot take more leave to be McPherson's best man. Reed will travel to Warrenton, Virginia and to White Sulphur Springs.

Reed writes about military companies and scouting duty. He states he does not want his wife at the post if he must go out on scouting duty.

Reed forwards mail to McPherson. Reed contemplates having his wife and son return west.

Reed explains how he forgot to mail McPherson's letter and is holding his mail for him. Reed's family will not rejoin him.

Reed has clothing sent to McPherson. McPherson testifies in U.S. vs. McGowan. Reed writes concerning medical matters.

Reed writes of a post controversy regarding officers' duties and conduct.

Reed writes about lost dental tools. He comments on McPherson's scouting assignment and the resolution of a controversy concerning insubordination. He gives post news.

Reed describes his departure from Arizona, and the confusion in getting his next permanent assignment. He awaits McPherson's visit.

Reed is glad McPherson arrived safely back at the post. He comments on their new roommate. Reed's wife is sick.

Carter describes the ailments of his patients to his mother.

McPherson is sick and resting. Reed is studying for a medical exam.

Reed discusses finances, and offers advice on female health and education. He advocates against too much emphasis on academic excellence.

Carter describes his newborn son and mentions his wife and daughter.

Reed teases Blincoe and her husband. He gives news of his wife and son and their life on the post, and he relates the progress of his Florida orange grove.

Carter provides family news and describes Christmas celebrations.

Reed is coming to Washington to apply for a leave extension. He plans to visit Florida, and then to visit New York City for coursework.

Reed describes patients with erysipelas and double pneumonia. McPherson is to enter the Marine hospital service.

Carter discusses his new post and family news.

Carter provides camp news.

Carter provides camp and family news.

Carter provides camp and family news.

Carter describes his work and comments on the quarantine. He also provides family news.

Carter writes about his new post, as well as his family.

Carter writes that his life has been unsettled for the part ten years and a struggle for the past four or five. He discusses his work of caring for patients in hospitals and aboard vessels.

Carter comments on the quarantine service and his wife's health.

Carter discusses the quarantine and his plans for the winter.

Reed praises Blincoe's bravery after the loss of her husband. He sends money and promises to send more in the future.

Carter provides post news and informs her that he hopes to be home for Christmas.

Carter discusses his plans for next year. He does not know if he will stay, but wants his family in Virginia.

Carter writes that he has returned home, but has contracted malaria.

Carter writes about the health of his wife, as well as his own health.

Carter discusses family and work news.

Carter provides family news and discusses his land in Florida.

Carter expresses his fear that yellow fever will be a problem in the Yucatan during the upcoming season.

Lazear writes to his mother that he has finished packing.

Lazear describes his sea voyage, including the passengers, the weather, and icebergs.

Lazear writes that he has begun dissection work in his anatomy course. He describes his living arrangements and customs regarding women.

Lazear describes Edinburgh.

Lazear gives his mother advice on interpersonal relations. He mentions his living arrangements and the American Opera Company.

Lazear describes life in Edinburgh and the surrounding countryside.

Lazear compares his classes in medical school with those in New York.

Lazear describes walks and sightseeing in Edinburgh.

Lazear discusses the mail service, anatomy examinations, and the Scots.

Lazear discusses the weather, Edinburgh, the anatomy department, and the Scots.

Lazear writes that he wants to spend September in Germany to practice German, rather than returning to New York.

Lazear writes about the weather and his plans to travel once his examinations are finished.

Lazear has received some U.S. newspapers. He discusses his plans for the next several weeks.

Lazear writes that he is nearly finished with his courses.

Lazear writes that he plans to travel elsewhere in Scotland before eventually heading to London.

Lazear describes the examination process and writes that the past seven weeks have been the most profitable of his life. He details his future travel plans.

Lazear describes life in California. He writes that he will visit his mother in Canada.

Lazear has finished at the University of Edinburgh, where he receives recognition for his good work. He visits Glasgow and describes a trip through the Lake Country.

Sutherland asks Reed if a local physician can be employed to provide medical care to the garrison and Indian prisoners during Reed's leave of absence. The letter and military endorsements are dated from July 18, 1890 to August 18, 1890. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear gives his impressions of Glasgow. After a brief return to Edinburgh, he travels to London.

Lazear writes that he will be able to observe surgical operations in London. He discusses the theater, sightseeing, and a band concert.

Lazear learns that he may observe surgical operations at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He describes many sights in London.

Lazear is distressed by his mother's illness. He discusses London and his observations of surgical operations.

Lazear describes sightseeing in London. He is preparing to depart for Paris.

Lazear writes that he is still in Germany and comments on the German army.

Lazear is concerned about his mother's continuing illness. He is very glad to be in Paris.

Lazear continues his sightseeing in Paris. He plans to sail on September 6.

Lazear writes about sightseeing in Paris and the opera.

Lazear writes that he has left Paris after more sightseeing.

Lazear is in Germany practicing his German.

Lazear writes about a long hiking trip and the Alsace-Lorraine.

Carter discusses quarantine procedures.

Lazear writes about visiting Heidelberg, Frankfort, and the Rhine River valley.

Lazear writes about his hiking and Amsterdam. He is looking forward to resting on the steamer and seeing her again.

Lazear writes about the beginning of his voyage home.

Lazear writes about his trans-Atlantic voyage. He arrives safely in New York and will travel to Baltimore soon.

Reed provides details of his personal finances. He relates news of his family, and he makes comments about her children. He offers his opinion regarding the religious revival at his son's school

The slip states that Reed is accompanying two companies as a medical officer to the Sisseton and Wappeton Indian Reservation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed offers advice for Blincoe's daughter, Laura. He discusses his personal finances, and regrets that he cannot send her money.

Reed writes about studies leading to a paper on cholera vaccination. He also gives instructions for staining tubercle bacilli.

Reed writes that he will send money to Blincoe. He asks about her family.

Lazear visits the World's Colombian Exposition in Chicago. He comments on traveling.

Lazear continues his visit to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He arranges for his trip to New York.

Reed briefly describes his new responsibilities at the Columbian University Medical School and the Army Medical Museum. He also relates family news. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

Sternberg discusses his theory of yellow fever and the necessary preventative measures to combat the spread of yellow fever.

Laura Carter describes a boat trip with her father and brother, as well as a hurricane and the damage it caused.

Carter describes a hurricane and notes the resulting damage it caused. His quarantine work is slackening and he thinks there will be no additional cases of yellow fever. He writes that he would rather be farming, but that he realizes he must stay with his current vocation.

Carter discusses his family and his orange grove in Florida.

Lazear describes a trip to Fontainebleau, in France. He mistakenly wrote "1894" as the year on the letter.

Lazear writes about his trip through France.

Reed is sorry Blincoe's son, Lemuel, has left home. He gives advice on raising violets.

Reed writes to offer his house to the newlywed couple.

Reed provides details of the Reed family genealogy.

Reed provides genealogical information on the Reed family. Emilie Lawrence Reed has been with her mother, Hanna Rea Lawrence, after the death of Emilie's youngest brother, Edward F. Lawrence. Reed also comments on the war spirit in Washington.

Lazear writes that he has seen his uncle, Thomas Lazear. He also discusses financial issues relating to real estate.

Lazear writes that he plans to spend time at home, although he will have to make regular trips to the laboratory.

Lazear visits Mabel Houston.

Lazear describes life in California. He discusses the weather and his acquaintances.

Lazear discusses the upcoming American presidential election.

Lazear writes about making expeditions into the California mountains. He will leave in two weeks for San Francisco, and plans to meet Sweitzer in Canada.

Lazear writes about working in Baltimore and his devotion to Mabel Houston.

Reed apologizes for not sending the vaccine earlier and jokes about his devotion to the mango. Reed also is excited about the possibility of [Kean] working in his laboratory. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear writes that he has cancelled his rendezvous with Sweitzer in Canada. His marriage to Mabel Houston is planned for September.

Reed describes his vacation and bicycling. He comments on the upcoming presidential election.

Lazear writes that he has introduced Mabel Houston to his friends in Baltimore.

Lazear writes about work at the hospital.

Lazear gives Sweitzer medical advice and makes vacation plans.

Lazear expresses concern about Sweitzer's health and offers treatment.

Lazear discusses his mother's planned visit to Baltimore.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming visit to Baltimore.

Lazear writes about life in Baltimore.

Lazear thanks his mother for the birthday gifts she sent.

Lazear discusses his work and notes that he is teaching Clinical Microscopy to post-graduate students. He inquires about family members.

Lazear writes that he is attempting to gain access to a medical library, even though he is on vacation in Massachusetts.

Lazear writes that he has moved to a boarding house.

Lazear writes about financial issues and invites Sweitzer to join him in Massachusetts.

Lazear writes that he plans to return to Baltimore at the end of August.

Lazear comments on life in Massachusetts. He provides family news and hopes that Sweitzer enjoys her time in Boston.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's visit to the Boston area and her visit with Mabel Lazear's mother, Martha Houston.

Lazear writes about settling into a new house, in Baltimore. He also reports that Martha Houston is disappointed that Sweitzer will not be visiting her.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming trip to Massachusetts.

Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming visit to Baltimore.

Lazear fears that rain will prevent him from visiting Sweitzer. He invites her to come to town to hear a concert and spend the night.

Reed appreciates the care given his father Lemuel S. Reed by his sister. He discusses an African-American nurse for his father, a visit by his nephew Olin Blincoe, and other family news. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

Sternberg writes about yellow fever infection from soiled linen and flies. He proposes measures for disinfection and quarantine to control epidemics.

Sternberg reports on the prevalence of yellow fever in Cuba. He relates the history of yellow fever epidemics, and provides statistics on yellow fever throughout Cuba.

Reed writes about field service in the Spanish War. He worries over his son's enlistment plans. Sternberg has proposed keeping all non-immune medical officers out of Cuba.

Lazear writes that he has not found time to visit Sweitzer. He thanks her for a birthday present, and invites her for a visit.

Lazear writes that he will continue to work next year at the hospital with the same appointment.

Lawrence Reed assures his mother that he is well.

Lazear regrets to hear that Johnson is dead. Mabel Lazear is delighted with her present.

Lazear expresses his hopes that Sweitzer will visit him.

Lazear wishes Sweitzer a nice trip to New York, and informs her they haven't found a house yet.

Lazear writes that he may see Sweitzer tomorrow. He has vacation time and so may visit South Yarmouth.

Lazear writes that many of his old friends are connected with the Army.

Lazear writes about his vacation on Nantucket Island.

Lazear discusses his travel plans. He reports that Martha Houston is sorry Sweitzer didn't visit.

Lazear writes about searching for a new house.

Lee presents Reed with a corps badge for sanitary inspection services.

Lazear acknowledges receiving Sweitzer's check.

Lawrence Reed expresses his feelings about leaving Camp Onward. He will make lieutenant in a year.

Lawrence Reed requests items from home. He expects to be shipped out soon.

Lawrence Reed says he will be sent to Cuba with his military unit.

Lazear writes that he will try to see her soon.

Lawrence Reed will leave for Cuba tomorrow.

Lawrence Reed arrives safely at Camp Onward.

Reed describes his life in the military and a social outing.

In addition to the topics mentioned in the title, this report by Davis, the Chief Sanitary Officer in Havana, Cuba, includes a sanitary report and the number of cases of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lawrence Reed writes, en route to Cuba, that he will land tomorrow.

Reed writes about his life in the military. He did not receive his mother's Christmas letter. He wants to save some money and send them some gifts from Havana.

Wood regrets missing a visit with Reed before leaving Washington for Cuba. He has seen Reed's son in Havana and reports that he is doing well.

Lazear is glad to hear that his mother and Martha Houston are enjoying each other. He informs Sweitzer that Mabel Lazear has gone into labor.

Lazear informs Sweitzer that Mabel Lazear has given birth to a son, William Houston Lazear.

Carter discusses quarantine and maritime sanitation in Cuba. Carter has already had yellow fever, so he does not fear infection.

Lazear reports that Mabel Lazear is recovering nicely.

Lazear regrets that Sweitzer's trunk has not yet been sent.

Reed writes that he visited the Vedado Post to see their son. Lawrence Reed was given a 24 hour leave to go to Havana with him.

Reed writes about his vacation and relates his plans to go to Puerto Principe.

Lazear writes that he will try to see her, and that he is planning a trip to Washington to show specimens to the medical association.

Reed discusses personal finances. He will send her money.

Jefferson Randolph Kean discusses family news and life in Cuba.

Lazear provides news about the new baby.

Lazear writes about family news.

Kean considers sending his family back to the United States because of the risk of yellow fever.

Lazear thanks Sweitzer for providing so much help. He discusses his lodgings and his work at the hospital.

Lazear writes that he received her last letter.

Wood is sorry to have missed Reed.

Lazear reports on the health of Mabel Lazear and their child.

Louise Kean provides news about yellow fever.

Kean discusses the mystery of yellow fever, its effects and spread. He comments the state of sanitary conditions at the newly built Camp Columbia.

Lazear relates family news and his living situation.

Reed writes that he misses her and that he is imagining how beautiful things are back at home. He mentions the Dreyfuss Affair and says the journalists believe France is close to revolution.

Lazear provides family news.

Sosa leases the San Jose farm.

Lazear discusses his new lodgings and provides family news.

Lazear reports that he has been busy since the start of medical school. He discusses the growth of his child.

Lazear writes about his child.

Lazear provides family news and inquires when to expect Sweitzer.

Herron offers Lazear advice on the sale of a lot adjacent to Lazear's Denniston Avenue property.

Godfrey writes a confidential letter requesting the reassignment of Dr. Alden and Dr. Jackson, who do not work well with him.

The writer discusses endemic centers of yellow fever and the origin of the disease.

LePrince reports on the effectiveness of the malaria control in railroad cars. LePrince also comments on the anti-malaria work in Georgia and Tennessee.

This Act increases the pension provided to Mabel Lazear.

Connor describes the progress against yellow fever in Mexico. He would like to have Carter's yellow fever articles translated into Spanish.

The editor praises the work of Reed, Lazear, Carroll and Agramonte as having laid the foundation for all future efforts against yellow fever and malaria. Carroll is singled out for commendation and called a martyr.

[Carter] sends Connor a historical epidemiological study of yellow fever in Mexico and Central America for his comments.

[Hench?] lists names and addresses of persons connected with his work on the history of the yellow fever experiments.

This document lists books, formerly owned by Walter Reed, which Blossom Reed is attempting to sell.

Barber excerpts selections of recollections by Henry Rose Carter of malaria in Virginia and around Cairo, Illinois. He would like to use these selections in a publication.

This draft of Wood's biography of Walter Reed was written for young readers and was eventually published by Julian Messner, Inc.

This partial manuscript of Moran's autobiography describes his early life, military career, service as a sanitary inspector under Gorgas in Panama, marriage, and business ventures. He discusses his relationship with Hench and their search for the actual site of Camp Lazear, as well as the difficulties stemming from the Reed-Finlay controversy. The section of the draft covering the yellow fever experiments is missing.

Welch extensively describes Reed's work at Johns Hopkins.

Kosslow writes a succinct but vivid account of Walter Reed's life, dealing with his work on typhoid and yellow fever.

Sturgis sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Emilie Lawrence Reed provides information on Walter Reed's favorite pet and her family life for Kelly.

LePrince discusses field work in Texas to control the outbreak of yellow fever.

Kissinger describes the yellow fever experiments and comments on the men involved. He also describes the experience of suffering from yellow fever and the treatment for the disease. Kissinger remarks on inaccuracies in the play "Yellow Jack." He maintains that he volunteered before Moran.

[Carter?] discusses the history of malaria in England.

The unknown author describes the settlement for lepers that Carter established in Panama.

Carter writes in order to make a reservation for an upcoming meeting.

Moran's translation of entries made in Rojas' journal concern payment by Kean for the use of land on the San Jose farm by the yellow fever commission

Carter describes early epidemics of various diseases, some of them mistaken for yellow fever. He differentiates between yellow fever and malaria, describes different mortality rates, and lists characteristics of yellow fever.

This map shows the area around Camp Columbia, Cuba.

This list gives names and salaries.

This document describes items related to yellow fever in detail; including letters, reports, medical charts, medals, artifacts, books, photographs, interview transcripts, magazines, and sketches.

Goldbacher sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Carter writes about his surroundings.

Henry Carter informs Laura Carter that he has been working on manuscripts. Henry Carter invites her to visit him.

Frye sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

Thomas sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Carter reports on yellow fever in Venezuela and Colombia.

Watson discusses the possibility and ramifications of yellow fever spreading into Asia and the Indian sub-continent.

Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Truby describes his experiences and observations in Cuba from 1898-1902, focusing on Lazear's story.

Student of Yellow Fever: Dr. Lazear Really Sacrificed His Life to Science

The report describes efforts to pass a Congressional bill honoring the yellow fever volunteers and securing pensions.

This memorandum discusses the possibility that malaria originated in the Americas.

Darling writes that he has not found abnormalities in blood of yellow fever cases. He had hoped to join the yellow fever work, but has been advised to stay with Department of Hygiene, in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

This document gives a brief account of Carter's education, work, and achievements.

This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.

This article, which appeared in "Outlook," discusses efforts to memorialize Walter Reed.

This map features autograph comments and sketches depicting buildings on the Rojas farm, quarries, and the surviving Camp Lazear structures.

This map features autograph comments and sketches depicting buildings on the Rojas farm, quarries, and the surviving Camp Lazear structures.

Explains Flying Resistance of Mosquitoes

Peake's story on the work of Henry Rose Carter and William Gorgas in ridding Panama of yellow fever includes excerpts from Laura Armistead's Panama diary.

This is a poem about Chinese lovers, by Henry Carter's son.

Carter discusses ways to modify a pond in order to minimize mosquito infestation.

This map shows a section of Panama City and highlights various businesses.

[Carter?] notes deal with mosquitos.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

Notes describe the New York Academy of Medicine's acquisition of Walter Reed's notebook on the yellow fever experiments. [The notebook had somehow come into the possession of Reed's former laboratory assistant, John S. Neate.]

Cabrera writes about the history of the Pedroso Palace in Havana, Cuba.

Von Mansfelde writes that he is eager to see that Carroll and Lazear receive due credit for their yellow fever work.

This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.

McPherson describes two photographs; one shows Dorsey McPherson and Cruse in New Mexico, while the other shows them years later in Washington, D.C. They are the two surviving officers of Fort Apache.

Great Frenchman Once Lived in Waverly

[Carter] writes Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, the Finlay controversy, and how the discovery of the mosquito as the vector of transmission for yellow fever relied on the work of many contributors.

Hanson writes about the reason for coming to Peru, the conditions found on his arrival, and the difficulties encountered. He discusses the various diseases identified and the causes of the general sanitary problems. Hanson presents remedies for the present conditions and discusses the possibility of the public and the Peruvian government accepting foreign aide.

The writer outlines the reduction in malaria in the United States and discusses probable causes.

[Carter] reports on the prevalence of mosquitos along the Yadkin River.

Carter discusses the sanitary issues surrounding yellow fever.

This account details a list of expenses incurred for stenography, typing, office supplies, and taxi fares to the Library of Congress.

The author analyzes the death rates of Cubans from malaria and yellow fever.

Lawrence Reed describes New Year's parties at two Cuban sugar plantations. He laments Bessie's marriage.

Reed discusses finances and his plans for Keewaydin. He describes a visit inland and jokes about his weight.

Lazear's army contract has been received.

Lazear provides travel details.

Lazear describes his journey and Cuba.

Lazear describes his domestic arrangements in Cuba.

Lazear describes his domestic arrangements and gives his opinion on the Cuban political situation.

Carter discusses sea travel and finances.

Carter writes that he has been delayed en route to Cuba. He gives directions for farm work.

Lazear provides his impressions of Cuba.

Lazear reports that the Secretary of War, Elihu Root, will visit the camp. He discusses his laboratory work.

Lazear describes the camp location and commanders. He offers his opinion of Cubans and reports that Mabel Lazear will leave for the United States before the fever season quarantine begins.

Lazear, writing as William Lazear, describes his son's daily life.

Lazear writes that he will assist Reed in an investigation of a disinfectant. He offers his opinion on the political situation in Cuba.

Louise Kean writes about family news and political intrigue in Marianao. She comments on Cuban politics.

Clarissa provides news about family and friends. She comments on the movie “Yellow Jack.”

Lazear writes that his workload will be lighter after Reed leaves. He reports that his son is well.

Selected pages of the report give statistics regarding deaths in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Louise Kean mentions a mutiny on the Sedgewick and a reception for Senators at the governor's palace. Either Jefferson Randolph Kean or Gorgas will be named Chief Surgeon of the Department.

Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home. He has finished a paper on malaria but will still do more research. He is currently doing bacteriological work.

Louise Kean writes to her mother about consultations to secure Jefferson Randolph Kean's position as Chief Surgeon of General Lee's Province.

Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home and his son's health.

Carter offers his observations of Havana.

Lazear reports that there is little chance of getting leave.

[Carter] describes a storm at sea through which they have sailed.

Louise Kean writes about quarantine and sanitation rules for yellow fever in Cuba, Jefferson Randolph Kean's work in Havana, and her plans to leave Cuba.

Lazear offers his opinions on Cuba.

Lazear writes about his living arrangements and his laboratory. He discusses the political situation in Cuba.

Carter describes his life in Cuba. He discusses the Cuban-American political situation.

Lazear writes that he misses watching his son grow and the comforts of home.

Lazear provides family news.

Lazear writes about family plans for the summer. He is pleased to be named a member of a board to study infectious diseases, headed by Walter Reed.

Carter writes about his life and being homesick.

Carter writes that he has just finished an article on Havana yellow fever statistics. He gives his son academic advice.

Kean provides reasons for infection of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks and possible ways to prevent spread of disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about family plans. He explains the work of the investigative board and is glad that Reed will be its leader.

Lazear plans for Sweitzer to visit him next winter.

Louise Kean writes about daily life in Cuba and cases of yellow fever in Havana and on the Post.

Lazear reports that his real estate agent has rented his house in Baltimore. He has been running the officers' mess.

Reed and Carroll are on board the Sedgewick, bound for Cuba.

General Lee on Fever

News About Town

Reed sees the wreck of the Maine in Havana harbor and gives his opinion of the sinking.

Will Study Fever

An Emphatic Protest

Quemados Situation

Honoring Dead Comrade

Reed is impressed with the shower installed at his quarters. He responds to family news and is pleased that his son has passed an examination to further his military career.

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic is waning. Reed, Carroll and he will study malaria.

Reed details recent happenings around the base in Cuba. He sends his love to family and friends.

Reed provides instructions to Emilie Lawrence Reed for garden work at Keewaydin, their Pennsylvania mountain home. He reports that their son, Lawrence, is well.

Reed gives instructions on gardening at Keewaydin. He also discusses financial affairs.

Reed makes plans for the Fourth of July, and he describes Cuban flowers.

Reed describes his laboratory, the hot weather and mosquitoes. He reviews work to be done at Keewaydin.

Reed reassures Emilie Lawrence Reed about yellow fever, claiming there is no danger. He writes about work done at Keewaydin and explains how he is organizing his laboratory.

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic seems to be over, and that the board is hard at work studying Cuban infectious diseases.

Reed provides a description of his quarters at Camp Columbia and relates the typical schedule of his day. He laments the lack of rain for Emilie Lawrence Reed's garden. He discusses finances and political trouble in China.

Lazear reports that his wife has been hospitalized.

Lazear reports that Reed has them working on Sanarelli's bacillus, but he wants to discover the real organism. He offers his opinion of Carroll.

Reed comments about the family. He writes about the English physicians Durham and Meyers, who are studying yellow fever.

Reed sees their son, Lawrence, in Havana. He enjoys a meal given for the English physicians. He discusses China news, and relays information about a transport from the States.

Reed is delighted to hear about the rain at Keewaydin. He teases Emilie Lawrence Reed and discusses gardening at Keewaydin. He says their son, Lawrence, is impatient for his officer's commission.

Lazear writes that Mabel Lazear's doctor will telegraph him when her situation changes.

Reed teases his daughter Blossom Reed. He expects to leave Cuba on August 1 or 2.

Reed describes the weather in Cuba. He teases Emilie Lawrence Reed, and anticipates his arrival home.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He expects to see her August.

Lazear writes about his travels to other posts to gather statistics.

Reed relates his plans for Keewaydin concerning the garden, a summer house, and a new house. He has seen their son, Lawrence, and reports that he is well, but he as yet has no commission.

Reed's baggage has to be disinfected for “Yellow Jack” before he leaves for the States. He believes this to be an absurd formality. Reed wants to install a shower at the renovated Keewaydin house.

Reed writes that he is on his way home to the United States.

Lazear describes a trip to Pinar del Rio. Mabel Lazear has had a long hospital stay.

Carter discusses financial matters.

Lawrence Reed writes that he is not certain where he will be sent next. He asks her to remind Walter Reed about his sword.

Lazear reports that United States Army troops have been withdrawn from Guanajay and Pinar del Rio, although the United States will remain in Cuba for several years until a stable government is established. Lazear hopes to have work in Washington after the Cuban research is finished.

Gorgas details the yearly deaths caused by yellow fever in the month of July, and states that the sanitary conditions for July 1900 are better than any time in the past ten years. His report includes two charts of deaths in Havana: “Deaths by Months for the Years 1890 to 1900” and “Arrivals and Departures of Passengers at Havana.”

Lazear writes about family plans. He is now working on malaria, and says yellow fever is decreasing in Havana.

[Lazear] disagrees with Reed and Carroll's concentration on Sanarelli's work. He believes that the true cause of yellow fever lies elsewhere.

Lawrence Reed is well situated in his new company. He thanks his mother for the gift of an officer's sword.

Lazear writes that he received a telegram announcing his daughter's birth. He hopes for a vacation in the United States in October.

Reed writes that Christopher Reed's son does not have tuberculosis. Reed has been in Cuba studying yellow fever but has returned to finish the typhoid fever report.

Lazear reports that Mabel Lazear and the baby are well.

Reed worries about Carroll's sickness and wonders if it is the result of the bite of a mosquito that had previously bitten yellow fever patients. He discloses that they had all determined to experiment on themselves, and he would have done so if he had been there. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean discusses the responsibilities of his new position as part of the Cuban government. He mentions his son and a visit to the Governor's palace.

Lazear details his plan to return to the United States for a visit. He also discusses improvements to his quarters.

Lazear thanks her for the magazines she sent. He describes his average day.

Reed discusses the mosquito as the vector for yellow fever and the amount of evidence necessary to prove this hypothesis.

Kean describes the contributions and sacrifices that Lazear has made for science, and asks Sternberg to make a public statement about Lazear's death and his courage in life. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed discusses the probability of a mosquito vector for yellow fever. He regrets his absence from Cuba. He will not experiment on himself, and anticipates a publication on the etiology of the disease.

The Questions of the Day

Grateful Nation Pensions Widows of Fever Martyrs

The Summons of Death

Reed describes his voyage to Havana, during which he gives medical care to a child. Emilie Lawrence Reed would not accompany Reed to Cuba, and did not want him to go.

This is an obituary for Jesse Lazear.

Horlbeck concludes in this report to the American Public Health Association that the bacillus icteroides, discovered by Sanarelli, is the cause of yellow fever.

Reed assures Emilie Lawrence Reed of his safety. He explains the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.

Reed hopes that he won't have to wait as long as his friend to get married. He really needs a new bed, and requests that Emilie Lawrence Reed tell Walter Reed.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed and Blossom Reed. He writes that Carroll is on a month's leave. He describes cases of dysentery.

Reed returns to Washington for a meeting with the Surgeon General. He will continue on to Indianapolis for the American Public Health meeting. On November 1, Reed will leave for Cuba.

El Vomito en La Habana

Kean discusses efforts to control yellow fever, and notes the extent to which it has spread in the corps.

Lawrence Reed describes surveying and map making. He relates the news of Major Patterson's death and his wife's suicide.

Defending His Record; Fever Cases Concealed [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Yellow-Fever Figures: Explanation by Governor-General Wood [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carter writes about his work, health, and living conditions.

This obituary, which appeared in the "Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin," honors Jesse Lazear.

Wood describes Lazear's infection and death, and advocates for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Obituary: Jesse William Lazear

This article describes new cases of yellow fever and recent deaths from yellow fever.

This article mentions the interest in yellow fever by the press.

The Mosquito Hypothesis

Wood states that he never accused Ludlow of concealing information, but that newspapers have misconstrued his statements, through false deductions and inferences. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood claims that the New York Sun misconstrued his statements regarding yellow fever, and he wants those errors to be corrected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed will leave New York for Havana soon.

Lawrence Reed anticipates his father's return to Cuba. He comments on rumors of reassignment, yellow fever cases, and packages from home.

Reed describes his voyage to Cuba. He also comments on the upcoming presidential election in the United States.

Kean writes about his rationale for remaining as Post Surgeon at Columbia Barracks instead of taking position at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. He comments on the lasting value of Reed's work.

This article describes new cases of yellow fever and recent deaths from yellow fever.

Reed remarks on Bryan's defeat in the United States presidential election. He describes various people at the camp. He discusses his work on yellow fever, including the possibility of human experimentation.

Howard provides information to Carroll about a certain species of mosquito. Howard then asks Carroll to catch a species of mosquito for his own research, which is believed to have migrated to Cuba in slave ships years ago. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Louise Kean discusses her decision to stay in Cuba and her life at the post. In a postscript she mentions the excitement surrounding the yellow fever experiments.

Gen. Wood Explains

Reed settles into camp life, and observes a malaria case. He discusses finances, and notes that Carroll has returned to Cuba from the United States.

Lawrence Reed describes a baseball game and gives news from the base. He asks his mother to ship a package to him.

The Keans discuss social events among the army personnel and a move to new quarters. The postscript mentions the reaction of the popular press and the medical journals to the mosquito theory.

Reed writes that he has found mosquitoes and volunteers for his experiments, and will now proceed with the laboratory work. He comments on newspaper reports about yellow fever.

The article describes the connection between the mosquito and yellow fever.

Lawrence Reed describes his quarters and asks his mother to send him reading material. He sends cash to his sister, Blossom, and warns her to be careful when she is out in public.

Reed reports that the experimental camp is nearing completion. He notes the effect of cool weather on yellow fever cases and suggests the mosquito as a vector for the disease.

This is a translation of an article, originally appearing in “La Discusion” (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), in which the rumor of human experimentation is discussed and criticized.

This article lists the cases and deaths from yellow fever in October and November.

Reed is sympathetic to his wife's case of gout. He remarks on a bill to Johnnie Moore for work at the Keewaydin house.

La Prensa

Reed expresses concern for his wife's gout, but he also teases her. He relates a newspaper controversy over the yellow fever experiments, particularly concerning the American and Spanish volunteers, and consent forms.

In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.

A Cazar...Por Fuerza Huyendole A La Quema

Del Consulado de Espana

La Fiebre Amarilla

Reed is concerned about his wife's health, but teases her. He discusses work at Keewaydin, and comments on their son's class rank.

Lawrence Reed writes about post news, correspondence from the United States, and his rank. He notes that Truby is to be post surgeon and believes this will be a favorable change.

Louise Kean writes about cases of yellow fever and news of the family.

Reed mentions the houses constructed at the experimental camp. He describes the experimentation methods and plans. He anticipates a trip to Keewaydin in May.

Reed expresses empathy for his wife's gout. He writes that the experimental camp is almost completed and will soon be ready for work.

Reed describes methods of experimentation and the progress of the work at Camp Lazear.

Reed gives an assessment of the criticism directed at the experimental project. He believes that it is unfounded.

Lawrence Reed gives post news and notes Truby's comments concerning the yellow fever experiments. He inquires if she will visit at Christmas. He turns twenty-three tomorrow.

Reed writes of Emilie Lawrence Reed's health. He discusses finances and plans for their house at Keewaydin. He expresses concern over the experiments since they have not yet achieved positive results.

Louise Kean writes that Jefferson Randolph Kean's stepmother is coming to Cuba. She describes the excitement over the first case of experimental yellow fever at Camp Lazear.

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.

Reed teases his wife.

Peak informs Carter of stories she submitted to various newspapers. She is sorry to hear Carter is ill.

Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.

Lawrence Reed describes a wedding at the base. His friend Cooke will visit Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Louise Kean writes about the success of Reed's yellow fever experiments with infected mosquitoes and clothing.

Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.

Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

In Honor of Dr. Finlay

En Honor del Dr. Finlay

Kean writes about studying for his upcoming promotion examination. He notes that the scientists are seeing important results from the mosquito experiments. A dinner will be held in honor of Finlay.

Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.

Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.

Reed describes the round of holiday parties, including one at the governor's palace, in Havana. He injects blood from the last yellow fever patient into a volunteer.

Reed writes about Emilie Lawrence Reed's recovery, as well as his toothache. He discusses financial matters, including expenditures at Keewaydin. His last yellow fever patient is recovering.

This is the famous New Year's Eve letter. Reed's toothache requires cocaine treatment. Reed comments on La Roche's Yellow Fever (1853), and his own role in the historic discovery. He hears taps sound for the old year, and celebrations for New Year's Day. He requests orders to return to the United States in six weeks.

Lawrence Reed gives his thoughts regarding his father's success in the yellow fever experiments. He makes plans for a visit to a Cuban sugar plantation.

These selections from Rojas' notebook concern the rent for Camp Lazear.

Howard describes what is known about mosquitoes biologically and medically. He shows how different kinds of mosquitoes can be distinguished and indicates the characteristic habits and breeding places of those forms which spread malaria and yellow fever. Directions are given for collecting mosquitoes, rearing their early stages, and eliminating mosquitoes in neighborhoods. The 241 page book was published in New York by McClure, Phillips & Co. and includes over fifty illustrations.

Reed writes that the yellow fever experiments have answered his prayers to do some good for mankind.

Mattingly acknowledges receiving Kean's note of purchases.

Reed mentions the sixth case of experimental yellow fever, and that volunteers have gone thirty-five days without contracting yellow fever in the infected clothing test. He describes the condition of a yellow fever case and an experiment with blood injection.

Kean describes the round of New Year's parties, his children, and studying for his promotional exam. Kean also details the success of the mosquito experiments and the army's efforts to eliminate mosquitoes.

Reassures her; date of his return; safety of experiments; difficulties attendant on her visiting; he will return soon, in about five weeks.

Reed discusses finances, and Emilie Lawrence Reed's loneliness. He reviews logistical questions regarding her possible visit to Cuba, and teases her.

Lawrence Reed responds to family news. His friend Cooke visits Washington.

This bill would award a pension to Mabel Lazear.

Reed discusses the army reorganization bill. He has finished his paper and remarks that the last experimental yellow fever cases are recovering.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. She complains about the appearance of their house in Washington.

Kean discusses the health of friends back in the United States. He includes a satirical paragraph on the health of acquaintances.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. His colleague McConnell will be visiting her. Reed mentions a drawing of mosquitos.

Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He will be leaving for Cuba in a week. Lawrence Reed's battalion has been ordered to move, either to the United States or to the Philippines, and he mentions that Lawrence has a Cuban girlfriend.

Louise Kean writes that Jefferson Randolph Kean is in Washington, D.C. for his promotion exam. She mentions that Ames has contracted yellow fever and that she attended a memorial service for Queen Victoria.

Reed describes the triumph of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, and a Congressional resolution of appreciation.

Howard reports that he has lobbied Congress to acknowledge Lazear's service. He believes Lazear was a martyr.

Reed arrives in Washington. He discusses an article for the Journal of the American Medical Association and comments on the editor's changes. No promotion for Carroll is forthcoming.

Kober sends Kelly extracts of a report, written by himself, entitled “Flies in the transmission of Typhoid”

Reed appreciates Carter's support. He admires Carter's work in Mississippi.

Kean writes about his return to Cuba after a trip to the United States. Louise Kean has been active in charitable work around the Camp.

Moran acknowledges receipt of a check.

Louise Kean writes about the use of fumigation against yellow fever, the quarantine in New Orleans, and Jefferson Randolph Kean being placed in charge of the finances for the Yellow Fever Commission.

Yellow Fever Germs

This notarial document describes the purchase, by Ramon Gonzalez y Socorro, of the rural estate - called “Varona” or “Pineda” - owned by D. Ignacio Gonzalez Pinera y Santa Cruz. The estate is located at the edge of Marianao near the Columbia Barracks.

Reed considers Durham's work on a bacillus. Although there is no work for the Yellow Fever Board in Cuba at present, he advises Kean to maintain Camp Lazear. Reed discusses immunization against yellow fever.

Carter proposes that they take a holiday because he is not feeling well.

Havard reports on the health situation of the troops in Cuba for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901.

Jackson reports on the condition of “Johnny's Place” which has been inspected by Echeverria. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Jesse T. Lazear provides family news. He reports that two noted physicians spoke to him about Jesse W. Lazear's death.

Louise Kean writes about yellow fever research, including the failed experiments of Caldas and Carroll's work.

Yellow Fever Experiments

Yellow Fever and Quarantine

This article, which appeared in the "Medical Record," discusses the transmission of malaria

Topics of the Times

Proceedings of the 29th American Health Conference include the “President's Address” by Benjamin Lee, “The Results of Yellow Fever....” by William Crawford Gorgas, “Practical Discussion of Yellow Fever” by Alvah H. Doty, “Fomites and Yellow Fever” by A. N. Bell, and the “Official Report of the Proceedings....”.

Reed expresses great appreciation for Kean's recommendation that he apply himself to become Surgeon General, but says he will not join the ranks of those who “beg” for promotion. He informs Kean of Lawrence Reed's upcoming wedding, then recommends that Camp Lazear be discontinued. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Flexner reassures Emilie Lawrence Reed of her husband's safety and offers his assistance to her.

Proposing strategy to advance Reed's candidacy for Surgeon General; Results of Carroll's experiments - organism passes through filter; includes typescript of article from the Army and Navy Journal in favor of Reed's promotion.

Kean offers Reed continued encouragement and strategy for the Surgeon General's post.

Carroll thanks Pilcher for mentoring him early in his career.

Louise Kean writes about the Keans' travels, her daughter's ear infections, and a case of experimental yellow fever.

Mabel Lazear writes about family news. She reports that she has been lobbying for her pension.

A Candidate for Honors

This excerpt discusses Reed's medical work and gives a listing of each publication authored by Reed.

[Kean?] comments on the paucity of public praise that Reed has received. He maintains that his work should be recognized by the United States government, and ends with a call for a generous pension to Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Root credits major figures in the fight against yellow fever and requests that higher ranks be given to them. He reports that a battery at Fort Howard in Baltimore has been named “Battery Lazear.” [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The report recognizes the work of Reed, Gorgas, Kean, Carroll, and Lazear.

This obituary honors the life and work of Walter Reed.

This testimonial supports a petition to Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Kean discusses La Garde's and Havard's candidacy for Surgeon General. There is a question of General Wood's support.

Houston provides news of Mabel Lazear and her children, as well as the effort to secure a pension for her.

Houston provides news of Mabel Lazear and the children, as well as the pension efforts.

Mabel Lazear provides news of the children. She has received supportive letters and is still campaigning for her pension.

Kean provides news concerning the Surgeon General position. He has had a conversation with General Wood. Reed should return to Cuba.

Houston provides family news and mentions an article on Lazear's life.

Mabel Lazear writes with news of the children. She also discusses her efforts regarding the pension as well as Lazear Memorial efforts.

Mabel Lazear provides family news. Her pension bill needs only the president's signature to become official.

Mabel Lazear thanks Sweitzer for corsets she had sent. She provides news of her children, and says her pension bill has passed the House and the Senate.

Houston provides family news. She discusses letters of congratulation for the passage of the pension bill.

Reed writes about Blincoe's daughter, Laura.

Cortelyou sends endorsements from the President concerning Reed succeeding Sternberg as the Surgeon General. The President also mentions O'Reilly. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Root acknowledges receipt of Martin's recommendation for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed asks for news of Keewaydin. He and Kean continue the campaign for Surgeon General.

Root acknowledges receipt of recommendations from the Faculty of Medicine at Harvard University for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed meets Kean. Reed hopes to get to Blue Ridge Summit (Keewaydin)soon. He describes boarding house meals.

Root acknowledges receipt of Welch's recommendation for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed promises to bring Emilie Lawrence Reed the money she needs to meet their expenses.

Reed writes that the boarding house fare has improved, though the coffee is still not good. Forwood tells Reed that his chances are excellent for a permanent appointment to be the Surgeon General.

Reed writes that he is returning to Cuba, and includes other political news about those who are candidates for Surgeon General. He says Roach's orchards are alive with locusts and expresses concern.

Reed gently upbraids his wife for not writing him daily and comments on the orchards.

Reed writes that the shipments are on their way to her. He is leaving for Boston, is looking forward to a reunion with his Cuban colleagues, and concludes with news of Forwood's confirmation.

Reed writes of his trip to Boston. He describes his hotel and the arrival of friends.

Reed writes about last night's grand dinner where he was given the second place of honor at dinner in recognition of his work, above men who awed him. He is distressed to learn about their fruit trees.

Reed is devastated to learn that their orchard is crawling with locusts. Reed hears that the President is highly complimentary of him. He will be coming home soon.

Mabel Lazear thanks Sweitzer for a check. She writes about the children, but has not yet begun to receive her pension.

Reed writes concerning B. Icteroides and hog cholera, and the observations of microorganisms. He notes the affected populations' presence in Cuba. He appreciates congratulations for his honorary Harvard degree.

Reed writes a satirical letter concerning the appointment of the new Surgeon General, staff changes, and Kean's new position.

Reed discusses finances. He mentions honorary degrees he has been awarded.

Reed writes about his conference with O'Reilly from the War Department. Kean and his family are moving-in nearby. He comments on Smart becoming the Chief Surgeon of the Philippines.

Mabel Lazear empathizes with Sweitzer regarding her financial losses. She asks for dates from Lazear's life to send to Paton.

Howard wants to borrow a photograph of Lazear from Carroll in order to have a slide made. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard asks Carroll for extra copies of his paper on the yellow fever mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Major Walter Reed Dead

James Reed inquires when Walter Reed died.

This obituary of Reed, which appeared in the "Journal of the American Medical Association," describes his education, career, and contributions to medicine.

The Late Major Walter Reed

Christopher Reed provides a story of young Walter Reed in Brooklyn, where he was frustrated by malpractice in the medical profession.

Kean discusses a strategy to lobby Congress to approve a pension for Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Kean's remarks about Reed portray him as a great storyteller and as a doctor making heroic house-calls during his "Dakota winters".

Lee congratulates [Kean] on his speech he gave at the unveiling of the Reed Monument. Lee also wants to know the cost of a non-resident membership in the Army and Navy Club. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Christopher Reed provides a biographical sketch of Walter Reed written.

This document concerns the work of Walter Reed.

Borden describes Reed's fatal attack of appendicitis and the treatment regimen followed before his death.

In Behalf of Mrs. Reed

A preamble to the bill about to be presented to Congress grants Emilie Lawrence Reed a yearly pension of $4,000. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean solicits support for pension bills in Congress. He discusses biographical essays on Walter Reed by himself and Kelly.

Vaughan requests that a letter in support of the pension bill be sent to the Washington Post.

Walker requests a statement of service regarding Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Corbin sends a statement of military service of Reed to the Committee on Pensions regarding Senate Bill #6702. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Blincoe provides recollections of Walter Reed's childhood.

Blincoe provides recollections of Walter Reed, and includes a transcription of Thomas Reed's letter.

Wood gives a history of the American occupation in Cuba and discusses the yellow fever outbreak and consequent investigation by Reed and Lazear. Article appears in “The Annals of the American Academy.” Only pages 16 and 17 are included.

The company will send Sweitzer a check for her transfer of claim.

Gorgas requests Mabel Lazear's opinion on raising a subscription for her benefit. He reports that Emilie Lawrence Reed was just granted a pension. He expresses his admiration for Lazear.

Christopher Reed gives his account of Walter Reed's childhood.

Blincoe provides recollections of Walter Reed as a youth. She gives the family genealogy and a description of the house in Gloucester County, Virginia, where Reed was born.

Tablet Unveiling

The report contains extracts from various individuals attesting to Reed's contributions to science. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

McCaw outlines Reed's career, especially his work with yellow fever, and concludes by requesting a monument to Walter Reed in Washington, D.C. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Gray requests Mabel Lazear's opinion regarding an offer to purchase Lazear property in Pittsburgh.

Carroll presents his autobiography. He includes a note on immunity to yellow fever.

Hurd discusses the support of Johns Hopkins Hospital by Rockefeller. The Lazear memorial tablet is finished and the balance of the funds will go to Mabel Lazear.

Godfrey is commended for his courageous act during a fire at Fort Apache, Arizona. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carter describes his daily life and his work.

Gorgas writes about the Canal Zone Sanitary Commission, and his wife's illness.

Ames objects to the inadequate recognition given to Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte for their yellow fever work.

Noted Doctors at the Hopkins

Kean forwards Kelly information about Walter Reed for Kelly's biography.

Maury forwards Kelly a book on the yellow fever epidemic of 1878, as well as journal references. Maury contacts Lena Warner, a yellow fever survivor, for her recollections.

Carter discusses Henry Carter's academic progress and his plans to come home.

Porter confesses he was only a general colleague of Walter Reed, so he is unable to provide much information for Kelly's biography of Reed.

Warner writes about the unreported side of the yellow fever epidemic, including her own experiences during an 1878 outbreak in her hometown.

This is a list of subscribers, possibly related to the Walter Reed Memorial.

Gorgas writes about his own work with the Canal Zone Sanitary Commission.

Kent provides the dates of Walter Reed's attendance at the University of Virginia, as well as other biographical references.

This report was prepared for the Smithsonian Institution and includes autographed notes.

Hurd shares his recollections of Walter Reed at Johns Hopkins and later.

Mason reports on the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department activities with appendices: A - plan of action; B - departmental organization; C - free distribution of quinine.

Gorgas writes to Reed concerning the organization of the Canal Zone Sanitary Department, and details problems in its function. Memorandum details the problems in the Panama Canal.

The writer informs Kelly about a yellow fever epidemic in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1855.

Thomas writes about a yellow fever epidemic in Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1862.

Carroll presents a chronology of Walter Reed's involvement with the Yellow Fever Commission. Carroll gives his own autobiography and provides information on the other participants in the study.

Borden provides details of the surgical operation for appendicitis that immediately preceded Walter Reed's death.

Agramonte writes about the responsibilities of the Yellow Fever Commission members, and gives a brief chronology of their activities.

Taft details the requirements for the completion of the Panama Canal and the need to reorganize the Canal Commission.

Roosevelt reorganizes the Panama Canal Commission.

Discusses Mosquito

Mosquito

This translation [from Sanskrit] of Blake's report details ancient references to yellow fever and transmission by mosquitos.

Smith explains the importance of the Reed's work with the Yellow Fever Commission and asks that his accomplishments be publicized. He includes an article on Reed's work, distributed by the New Orleans & North-Eastern Railroad Company, the Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Company, and the Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Company.

Gorgas reports on conditions in Panama regarding yellow fever and malaria. He recommends that the Nobel Prize be given to America.

These excerpts regard the erection of a tablet to Walter Reed at Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York. There is also a request to see if a memorial will be built to Reed in Chicago, Illinois. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Latimer writes that Kelly would like to know the location of Lazear's grave.

Walter Reed and Yellow Fever

This copy of Kelly's Reed biography is a 1906 first edition published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New York. It was owned by Philip Hench, and contains autograph notes by him and others, mostly commenting on information believed to be in error. In addition to presenting a detailed biography of Reed, Kelly discusses at length the history of yellow fever, research on the disease, and the work of the Reed Yellow Fever Commission and its members. The book features several photographs of Reed, other members of the commission, and Cuban experimental sites.

Carroll gives a history of yellow fever in Baltimore and the debates that ensued among physicians as to whether yellow fever was contagious or not. Published in “The Hospital Bulletin” by The Hospital Bulletin Company of the University of Maryland.

Bushnell recommends physician Alexander Murray to Gorgas for service in Panama and explains Murray's difficult circumstances owing to his wife's illness.

O'Reilly responds to Sterling's request for information about the career and promotion of Walter Reed. There is also concern about the article “The Public's Forgetfulness” which will be forwarded to the President. The record card is dated from May 5, 1906 to August 15, 1906.[Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dr. Reed and Yellow Fever

Gorgas writes about a planned increase in the Canal Zone medical force, and encloses correspondence recommending physician Alexander Murray for service in Panama.

Walter Reed

Kean argues that Carroll deserves more recognition for his service. The last page includes Kelly's reply, dated September 10, 1906. Kelly writes that he will help to secure cooperation of Congressmen and write an article in support of Congressional action on behalf of the survivors and their families.

This review, which appeared in the "Medical Press," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Walter Reed and Yellow Fever

The decree states that a medical officer shall be assigned to each municipal board of health, serving as a liaison between municipal and military authorities, in the interest of preventing yellow fever among troops stationed in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Ireland requests that Kean inform Valery Havard of yellow fever cases in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carroll forwards Kelly two photographs. He states that he will not attend the Walter Reed Memorial Association dinner in Brooklyn.

Harvey is asked to attend, on behalf of the Corps, the dedication of the bronze memorial tablet in honor of Walter Reed at Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Walter Reed Memorial

This article, which appeared in the "Medical Record," discusses efforts to erect a monument to Walter Reed.

The Walter Reed Memorial

This document gives names and contribution amounts for the Kissinger Relief Fund.

The Lesson of Little Things: The Conquest of Yellow Fever

The record card includes several requests for photographs or paintings of Reed, along with information regarding his uniform. The record card is dated from January 25, 1907 through August 15, 1907. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kissinger provides Wilson with his address and relates his circumstances.

Mabel Lazear sympathizes with Carroll over his lack of pension, noting how difficult it was for her to receive support. She comments on Mansfelde's effort regarding credit due Lazear.

Von Mansfelde comments on the work of Lazear and Carroll regarding the Yellow Fever Commission. He believes that Mabel Lazear and James Carroll should receive the same pension as Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Wilson relays Kissinger's situation to Kelly.

Kissinger requests an article on yellow fever experimentation from Kelly.

Kissinger writes about his improved finances, his ill health, and his gratitude for the many contributions.

Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support.

Rojas rents the lime kilns and quarries on his San Jose farm to Zunzunegui, who may occupy the two small wooden houses.

Mead requests a financial statement so that he can continue working to increase her pension.

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his continued support.

John Kissinger's back problems are limiting his activity.

Wallace sends a contribution for Kissinger.

A Hero from the Ranks

Christensen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Minturn sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Morgan sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Getman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kleberg sends a contribution for Kissinger.

McKnight sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Duffield sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Chrystie sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Ida Kissinger profusely thanks Kelly for the latest check and claims that his continued friendship is more important than the money.

This is a typed copy of a correspondence from July 6, 1907, but includes a financial statement at the bottom of the letter not contained in the original autograph version.

Booth offers assistance to the Kissinger family.

Hamlin refers to the Outlook article on the Kissingers.

Carter's report on pneumonia in the Canal Zone concludes that pneumonia is prevalent among recent arrivals who have contracted infectious catarrh. He recommends that prevention efforts concentrate on better medical treatment of catarrh and ensuring that new men have blankets.

Osgood sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Carroll thanks Kelly for his letter of sympathy. She will loan him a photograph of her late husband.

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his financial support. John Kissinger does not regret taking part in the experiment.

Kissinger expresses gratitude for the letters supporting him.

King comments on the Maryland Club meeting and thanks Hill for some literature on drainage.

Skinner writes that he will attend a meeting at the Maryland Club. He expresses his sentiments for Carroll.

Hill apologizes for his and King's absence from the Maryland Club meeting.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

Kelly discusses Denby's offer to initiate a pension bill for Kissinger.

Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support and notes that John Kissinger's health fails him at times.

Denby discusses strategy for introducing the pension bill for Kissinger.

Finlay discusses the creation and function of the Superior Board of Health, which included establishing new sanitary ordinances. He continues by discussing the two most severe outbreaks of disease in Cuba since 1901: smallpox and yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean sends Magoon the report of the Chief Sanitary Officer of Cuba for the past year and comments extensively on sanitation and the yellow fever.

[Latimer] thanks Denby for his efforts regarding the Kissinger pension bill.

Von Mansfelde discusses his work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Mead, on behalf of the Merchants' Association of New York, expresses support for the Carroll and Lazear pension bills.

Ida Kissinger discusses John Kissinger's pension and thanks Kelly.

Kean discusses the present sanitary conditions in Cuba. He states that there has been a breakdown in sanitary procedures since the American withdrawal and recommends that local sanitation boards be abolished in favor of a National Sanitary Board. Kean writes that yellow fever is moving out to rural areas, instead of concentrating in urban centers. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The writer acknowledges the receipt of a letter concerning Kissinger's pension increase. Kelly awaits instructions for further assistance.

The Adviser requests information as to the depth of wells in which mosquitoes breed, so that ordinances may be revised and possibly some expense spared to the people in the towns of Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hill comments on a strategy to lobby Congress for pension bills.

Denby inquires about Kissinger's existing pension.

Thomas Lazear provides family news, and details pending action on the pension increase.

Mabel Lazear expresses appreciation for the play about her husband, Jesse Lazear.

Von Mansfelde details his political maneuvering to get the pension bill passed.

This circular relates Lazear's role in the yellow fever research.

Mabel Lazear explains the breadth of support for her annuity from various groups.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

The pension voted by Congress for Mabel Lazear is being opposed by a member of the Reparations Committee. Williams requests help in pressuring the committee in her favor.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

Mead discusses a memorandum for President Roosevelt concerning support for the beneficiaries of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Price thanks Kelly for submitting a deposition in support of a pension for Jennie Carroll.

Price requests that Kelly make a deposition in support of a pension for Jennie Carroll.

The Kissingers inform Kelly of their poor financial situation and John Kissinger's failing health.

Coville asks Kelly to write an obituary of Carroll for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

Kean cites a lack of support for sanitary measures by the Cuban authorities, and an increase in the incidence of yellow fever. He requests assignment of another medical officer to his staff.

The Provisional Governor of Cuba grants Kean's request for another medical officer.

Hurd agrees with Kelly that Carroll's obituary overstates his accomplishments.

Von Mansfelde reports that the Senate Committee on Pensions voted favorably on the Lazear and Carroll pension bills. The House committee members also support the measure.

Von Mansfelde writes that politics are involved in procuring passage of the pension bills.

Coville thanks Kelly for writing an obituary of Carroll for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

Guiteras disputes Gorgas' theories about immunity to yellow fever and eradication of the disease.

William Lazear writes about buying skates, and Mabel Lazear informs Sweitzer that she is awaiting news on a possible increase in her pension.

Mead reports that the bill passed by the Senate will grant pensions to the widows of Lazear and Carroll.

Mabel Lazear writes that the pension bill has passed the Senate. She also relates family news.

Gorgas reports on work done in Cuba and Panama to eradicate yellow fever.

Pillsbury writes to Senator Perkins in support of a pension increase for Mabel Lazear.

Pillsbury informs Mabel Lazear that he supports her pension and encloses a copy of the letter he sent to Senators Perkins and Flint.

Thomas Lazear writes about the difficulties in passing a pension bill on behalf of the families of Carroll and Lazear.

Mead discusses the pension bills before Congress.

White thanks Kelly for the reprint of his address on Carroll.

This is a draft of the bill granting annuities to Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear.

Von Mansfelde writes that the president supports the annuity bill.

The Kissingers inform Kelly that they have moved to a less expensive house. John Kissinger's health continues to worsen.

Thomas Lazear informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill has passed.

The writer asks Wilmot to consider supplementing Kissinger's pension.

The extracts from Agramonte's report detail Beauperthuy's work with mosquitos as disease vectors. The extracts from Boyce's report [in French] also deal with mosquitos and their connections to yellow fever.

The Kissingers fear they may have offended Kelly.

Latimer writes about assistance for the Kissingers and possible strategy for applying to the Carnegie Fund.

Latimer agrees that Kelly and herself should stop supporting the Kissingers, but she still wants to find alternative sources of income for them.

The Paymaster General of the Army designates a payment schedule for the annuity of Mabel Lazear.

Von Mansfelde asks why he has not heard from Mabel Lazear.

The Kissingers are concerned that they have somehow offended Kelly.

Magoon urges Amesse to support an end to the quarantine of Cuba, arguing that there is no danger to the United States.

Agramonte describes his role with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are autograph notes by Truby and Hench.

The New Quarantine

Ernst seeks advice on the status of the Carnegie Hero Fund application for Kissinger.

Barnet comments on the effectiveness of the National Sanitary Service, the problems of quarantine, and the general improvement of sanitary standards within Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Welch is listed as having given a speech honoring Carroll. A bronze tablet memorializing Carroll was also unveiled.

Latimer writes that it may be necessary to appeal directly to Andrew Carnegie himself on behalf of the Kissingers.

Latimer reports problems with the Carnegie Fund application.

Ernst seeks Kelly's advice in order to organize a campaign in support of Kissinger.

The record card cites a request from Hunt for a copy of a photograph of Reed for use in a lecture “The Story of Two Mosquitoes.”

Carter advises his wife on touring the countryside with Louise Kean.

Pilcher encloses a letter from Carroll, written in 1901.

Ernst discusses difficulties involving Carnegie funding for the Kissingers.

This article discusses mosquito control efforts in Panama around the Canal Zone.

Gorgas describes the achievements of the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department.

The Surgeon General's office sends a photograph of Reed to Purcell and refers him to Kelly's book. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for the photograph of his family. John Kissinger's health is improving.

This extract, by Guiteras, discusses Finlay's work on yellow fever and his association with the U.S. Yellow Fever Commission.

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

Taylor writes that the mother of Clara Louise Maass is receiving a pension. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter describes his travels in Belgium and his impressions of the Exposition.

Carter describes his travels in Germany and Russia.

Caldwell dispenses gossip about Drs. Gorgas, Brem, and Beverly. Carter supplies additional information.

Excerpts regard the publication of “Major Walter Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission - A Compilation.” The Smithsonian Institution requests photographs of Walter Reed. The record card is dated January 12, 1911 through September 12, 1911. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas has been offered the presidency of the University of Alabama.

Gorgas declines the offer of the presidency of the University of Alabama.

Carter discusses a possible assignment to Hawaii to Laura Armistead Carter. He also encloses newspaper clippings and letters.

Carter chats about relatives and friends.

Carter writes about Laura Armistead Carter's sickness and gives her a detailed prescription. He also describes his flower gardens.

Carter cautions Laura Armistead Carter about tuberculosis.

Carter stresses to his daughter that every effort should be made to get her well. He also discusses his next foreign detail and how he will rise to the challenge.

Kean denies a rumor that he has been chosen to succeed General Torney. He informs Gorgas that the 10th Infantry has been ordered to Panama.

Carter informs Laura Armistead Carter that his departure date is still uncertain and encourages her to regain her health.

Carter delays his sailing date so that Laura Armistead Carter can remain in the hospital.

Carter explains the difficulties of being a navy wife and criticizes his daughter's possible suitors.

Wratten informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that her husband will offer assistance with her writing.

These excerpts regard the correspondence between William T. Jenkins and Jefferson Randolph Kean, and the confusion of Jenkins' mailing address. The record card is dated March 27, 1912 through April 20, 1912. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wratten sends Emilie Lawrence Reed transliterations of [song?] titles.

Carter describes his public health work in Panama.

Bishop requests a photograph of Moran from the yellow fever experiment years to be used in an article in Scribner's Magazine.

Latimer writes to Waterson regarding Kissinger's pension.

This is a detailed account of Carter's public health work and associated study of yellow fever.

Agramonte demands that Kean correct the injustice done to him regarding his unfair portrayal in the Yellow Fever Commission. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Torney reports that Agramonte has requested that a statement published in the Yellow Fever Bureau Bulletin be corrected. Torney explains how he believes the apparent injustice occurred, and requests the correction on behalf of the Office of the Surgeon General.

Torney wants to inspect the painting of Walter Reed when it is on exhibition in Washington, D. C. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Excerpts from a record card pertain to the biographies of Walter Reed, as well as to the discussion of a monument to commemorate the completion of the Panama Canal that should include Walter Reed. The record card is dated from January 20, 1913 through June 28, 1913. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Conquest of Yellow Fever

Blue orders Carter to North Carolina to investigate malaria and propose control measures.

Gandy discusses the various photographs of Walter Reed that are suitable for hanging at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gandy informs Flexner that a negative of one of Reed's photographs is broken. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kane thanks Sweitzer for a photograph of Lazear and describes the new Jesse Lazear School.

Kane requests a photograph of Jesse Lazear.

Porter thanks Carter for his educational malaria pamphlet for children.

Carter discusses her presentation on malaria.

Tyler recounts yellow fever outbreaks.

Carter reports that he is half-way finished with his public health work in South Carolina.

Carter reports on his work; he hopes to finish soon.

Freeman celebrates Carter, Reed, and Gorgas as Virginians.

Pertinent Portraits - George W. Goethals

Colonel Goethals Was Not Hampered By The Canal Commission

Carter discusses his trip and the lack of field work at the moment.

The Carolina Power and Light Company prefers that Carter conduct the investigation.

Carter describes life in the camp and the field. He does not know when he will be home again.

Weaver is informed of Kelly's biography of Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kerr reports on cooperation with the International Health Commission and discusses steps to be taken in eradication of malaria.

The Wrights are returning Carter's report on impounded waters.

Mabel Lazear writes that the National Cyclopedia of American Biography plans a biography on Jesse Lazear.

Gorgas informs Miller that a painting of Walter Reed has been approved and will be hung in the Walter Reed General Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Permission is sought to photograph the painting of Walter Reed recently completed by Miller. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Blue orders Carter to report to a conference.

Mabel Lazear provides family news.

Wilder expresses her appreciation for Carter's work.

Griffitts describes a house-to-house search to determine the number and type of mosquitoes, as well as the number of people stricken with malaria.

Agramonte informs Gorgas that all his reports about the Yellow Fever Commission are completely accurate and can be proven, and that he believes he will never receive proper recognition for his contribution. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Commission of Fine Arts and the Chairman of the House Committee on the Library disapprove of the monument to Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte. They suggest a memorial fountain instead. Included is a copy of Senate Bill #6067. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carter discusses needed mosquito-control work in Guayaquil and the endemic focus of yellow fever. He believes that the local population will cooperate, and so work should proceed. The city should be provided with a proper water supply to ensure continued success of the work.

Carter reports that their daughter, Laura A. Carter, has arrived.

Laura Carter describes her visit to see Henry Carter in South America.

The writer discusses social conditions in South America.

Carter reports on yellow fever in Colombia.

Le Prince discusses the treatment of a lake shore, in North Carolina, in order to reduce the number of anopheles mosquitos.

Carter provides his travel and work plans.

Wilson relates findings that timbering in the Little Salkehatchie did not increase prevalence of malaria.

Carter writes about the plans to combat yellow fever in Brazil.

Men Who Have Died that You May Live: Martyrs to Medicine

[Guiteras] reports to Gorgas on a Barbados epidemic, which he suspects may be yellow fever.

Carter reports that malarial conditions in South Carolina have worsened.

Guiteras sends Carter a copy of his extensive report to Gorgas concerning a Barbados epidemic.

Carter requests that his paper, "Spontaneous Disappearance of Yellow Fever," be read before the Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Hepler provides family news.

Carter discusses Henry Carter, Jr., and the contribution his work has made to the war effort.

Carter writes about his health and financial matters. He would like to continue working for the Rockefeller Foundation in South America next winter.

Snidow details malaria investigations in Virginia.

Wescott thanks Carter for the care he administered to his son.

Carter writes about daily life and a possible trip, at Gorgas' request, to Ecuador.

Carter discusses his work, and influenza.

Moran is nominated for overseas duty.

Carter discusses his travel plans and the end of World War I.

Carter writes about daily life in Florida and his health.

Carter is sending Byam a paper on yellow fever for publication. Carter intends to consult with Noguchi to see if he may quote the results of latest research.

Geiger writes that he was awarded a Doctor of Public Health degree from Tulane University.

Fisher sends Carter a copy of Carter's 1907 report on pneumonia in the Panama Canal Zone.

Weedon asks Carter if U.S. gulf ports should begin a campaign to eliminate mosquitoes.

Carter writes about his current work and comments on scarlet fever and hysteria.

Carter writes to Bolduan about his health. Carter offers his opinions on the genesis of yellow fever in the Americas.

Carter reflects, at length, on his career in public medicine and his accomplishments.