Romero sends a holiday card. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This is a report on Henry Rose Carter's yellow fever work.

Romero sends a holiday card. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This is a highly detailed map of Havana, Cuba.

This table charts deaths from smallpox and yellow fever in Havana, from 1870-1879.

This document, primarily in Spanish, provides an overview of Agramonte in terms of his family, work history, professional conferences attended, professional memberships, and original articles published, from 1894-1926.

El Doctor Lazear

Doctor Lazear

El Vomito en La Habana

Horrendo...Si Es Cierto. This article is an expression of outrage by the newspaper staff regarding the rumor that Spanish immigrants are unknowingly being used in an experiment to test transmission of yellow fever by mosquito bites.

Horrific... If it's true!

In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.

Horrible...Si Es Cierto. This article provides details from an anonymous contributor about a yellow fever experiment.

Horrible...If's it's true!

A Cazar...Por Fuerza Huyendole A La Quema

Del Consulado de Espana

La Fiebre Amarilla

This consent form includes the minimum age requirements, the limited liability of the Yellow Fever Commission, and the amount of money volunteers shall receive.

In Honor of Dr. Finlay

En Honor del Dr. Finlay

These selections from Rojas' notebook concern the rent for Camp Lazear.

Las Secciones and Higiene General

Vivimos de Milagro; La Habana-Intervenida-en 1901

This notarial document describes the purchase, by Ramon Gonzalez y Socorro, of the rural estate - called “Varona” or “Pineda” - owned by D. Ignacio Gonzalez Pinera y Santa Cruz. The estate is located at the edge of Marianao near the Columbia Barracks.

Circular #2, written in both English and Spanish, shows that the mosquito is responsible for the spread of disease, in particular yellow fever. The author outlines the necessary precautions that must be taken to prevent the spread of diseases by the mosquito. A summary of other Circulars regarding the spread of diseases is also included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

These letters and supporting documents concern the request by Caldas and Bellingaghi to demonstrate their yellow fever serum. Included are translations from original Spanish letters and recommendations from Caldas and Tellez. Havard requests a medical commission to examine these claims. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Caldas, in defense of his vaccine, outlines reasons for his diagnosis of septic fever rather than yellow fever for the volunteers who became sick after being infected with yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Benis thanks Kean for his assistance in public health projects.

La Nacionalizacion de los Servicios Sanitarios.

San Magoon - El que Todo lo Puede.

The mayor of Cienfuegos announces, in light of an outbreak of yellow fever, that all water containers must be brought up to code within 48 hours.

Ramos writes about the yellow fever work in Cuba. He encloses a table showing charting fatalities from yellow fever smallpox.

The author gives a status report on the work being carried out in Havana. He reports that homes have been fumigated, and an inn fined for a violation of sanitation ordinances. He laments the lack of resources available to complete projects and comments on the poor quality of materials. Finally, he reports a work-related injury.[In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Por Decoro de la Administracion.

Interesante Entrevista con el Jefe Local de Sanidad, Doctor Mc. Millan.

This pamphlet details preventative measures against yellow fever, especially the control of mosquitos.

El Estado Sanitario de Cuba. Spanish translation of article, by Dr. Darlington, originally appearing in the “New York Daily News.”

Guiteras reports to Kean regarding the possible yellow fever cases of Manuel Casas de la Mina and Jesus Torres.

Del Valle discusses yellow fever cases in Havana and sanitation measures.

Lebredo discusses the diagnosis of a possible yellow fever case.

The Junta Administradora del Hospital Santo Tomas (Administrative Board) recognizes the work done by Carter in the fight against yellow fever.

Carter discusses the transmission, spread and containment of yellow fever.

Elizalde regretfully informs Carter that he was unable to locate any “naranjillas” in the market.

Un Grupo de Concurrentes al Baile en el Consulado Americano el 4 de Julio.

This chart tracks the number of cases of yellow fever per year, from 1880-1919, in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Carter informs Cardenas about the sanitary conditions in the department of Piura, Peru.

This is an estimated budget for the sanitation campaign to eliminate yellow fever, prepared by Henry Hanson, the Director of the Sanitation Campaign. [in Spanish]

Obregon establishes a commission under the International Health Board for yellow fever work in Mexico. Officers, administrative structure, and funding are specified.

Perlitt sends Carter a check.

This is a Spanish translation of a report on yellow fever, which details the incubation and spread of yellow fever as well as methods to combat it.

Vega informs Mitchel that he is unable to help Mitchel in regards to the Peruvian government.

The writer discusses the yellow fever situation and the economic ramifications of quarantines. Enclosed is a copy of a telegram to Hanson.

This letter, originally sent by the prefect commander, details the difficulties and economic ramifications of quarantine operations.

Cavassa discusses the ongoing yellow fever campaign.

The writer praises Carter's work, entitled "El Doctor de Guadalupe." The writer also notes the contributions, in Peru, of Hanson and the Rockefeller Foundation.

Cascorrcelos writes to Connor concerning possible pre-Columbian manifestations of yellow fever.

Carter recommends strict enforcement of sanitary rules to prevent further outbreaks of yellow fever. He believes that entire coast line of Peru is free of disease.

Pareja writes to Carter regarding the history of yellow fever in Ecuador. Enclosed is a table showing the annual number of yellow fever cases, from 1880-1919, in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Pareja discusses the origins of yellow fever in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Cavassa writes to Carter that he finds his account of the yellow fever epidemic in Peru interesting. Unfortunately, he has lost the reference to the article on Stegomyias that Carter had requested.

Veracruz describes methods used to control mosquito breeding in Mexico. He also discusses yellow fever outbreaks and disease transportation routes in Mexico.

Pareja informs Carter that he has never seen a case of espiroquetosis ictero-hemorrhagica (Weil's Disease) in Guayaquil.

El Estado Sanitario

These excerpts - from the "Diario del Comercio" - describe a Colombian fever epidemic and advise preventive measures.

Diaz thanks Carter for a reprint on yellow fever. He requests additional copies - from the Chicago Medical Book Company - of other articles written by Carter.

Pothier sends White his final report on the 1923 Yellow Fever Commission inspection tour of Colombia. He describes travel, meetings with government officials, and incidence of yellow fever and mosquitoes. A series of appended documents [two in Spanish] discuss preparations for the trip, the suspected epidemic in Bucaramanga, individual yellow fever cases, and further details of the tour.

Carter returns a book and requests others, in Spanish, on the history of the Canary Islands.

Alvare writes about Finlay and Camp Lazear.

Morley sends Carter three new entries from the book of Chilan Balam of Tizimin that he is certain Henry Rose Carter never saw. The entries imply yellow fever arrived with the Spanish.

These are epitaph memorials, dedicated by the Finlay Institute, to Maass and Lazear for their work in the conquest of yellow fever.

Alvare explains the circumstances of the photograph he made of the supposed site of Camp Lazear. See English translation.

Rojas answers some of Hench's questions about the difficulties of research and the problems with the Cuban regime.

Alvare is trying to acquire a photo for Hench.

Alvare sends Hench photographs and offers further help if required.

Vergara provides Malaret with historical information on Havana's Military City, formerly Camp Columbia.

Pogolotti sends New Year greetings to Hench.

Fors informs Hench that it is not possible to definitively date the trees found around the site Hench believes to be Building No. 1.

This letter certifies that Hench has taken possession of Building No. 1, located on the Finca San Jose. The reverse of the document is notarized in English with the seal of the American Consulate in Havana, Cuba.

Ramos assures Hench that the Cuban government and health workers appreciate the effort Hench has made to locate the Camp Lazear site, and acknowledges the tribute owed to Lazear.

Rodriguez-Perez informs Hench that the Finlay Institute's copy of the history of Military Hospital No. 1 is the only one they have. He is not willing to lend it to Hench, but can have it copied. He sends Hench a journal with an article on the hospital. See English translation.

Rodriguez-Perez thanks Hench for his letter and reprint of "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever." He will order additional copies of "Memoria del Hospital No. 1" for Hench, a copy of which will be sent to the US Army Medical Library. See English translation.

Alvare informs Hench that he is meeting with Marrero to gather more information for him regarding Camp Lazear.

Alvare praises Hench for his attempt to give Finlay credit for his yellow fever work. He describes his visit with former interns from the Hospital Militar and their recollection of Camp Lazear. He explains the origin of the photograph that he recently sent Hench, identifying the photographer as Felipe Ortolazabal.

Dominguez sends Hench a copy of his address at the meeting of the School of Medicine of Havana University in honor of Matas. See English translation.

Garcia informs Hench how much it would cost to make a copy from a publication called "Memorias del Hospital Numero Uno."

Alvare writes to Hench concerning the location of a hospital in a photograph from the time of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Rodriguez-Perez informs Hench that a copy of "Memorias del Hospital No. 1" will be sent to the U.S. Army Medical Library.

Nogueira's greeting card offers Christmas and New Year's wishes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Nogueira's greeting card offers Christmas and New Year's wishes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Perez informs Hench that he cannot send the requested article.

Roldan discusses Cuban sentiments towards Finlay.

Randin sends Hench the photos he requested from Pedro Machado. He is happy to help with Hench's work, which recognizes the contributions of Finlay.

Albertini provides Hench with information on Hoffman and Carbonell.

Randin sends Hench two photographs of Agramonte Hospital, showing the spot where Lazear died. See English translation.

Espinosa writes to Hench that he (Espinosa) has been appointed Director of Panamerican Doctors (Director de la Division de Relaciones Medicas y Sanitarias Panamericanas) at the Finlay Institute. Espinosa hopes that cooperation will continue between scientists in the United States and in Cuba.

Espinosa apologizes to Hench for the misunderstanding regarding Espinosa's letter of January 10, 1945, in which Hench mistakenly believed that he (Hench) had been appointed Director of Panamerican Doctors (Director de la Division de Relaciones Medicas y Sanitarias Panamericanas) at the Finlay Institute. Espinosa expresses his hope that Hench will continue to work closely with scientists in Cuba.

Rojas expresses her admiration to Hench for his persistent efforts to memorialize the site of Camp Lazear. She talks about her visit to Building No. 1. She was surprised to see it intact since a cyclone just had struck the area and caused considerable damage.

Hench attempts to explain how he came to misunderstand Espinosa's letter. Espinosa's letter, in Spanish, was not translated correctly. Hench assures him that he will cooperate with him and his work in the Finlay Institute.

A list of Spanish language books and pamphlets about yellow fever, including prices, is sent for Hench.

Andreu informs Hench that Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear has been declared a Cuban national monument. He emphasizes that the Yellow Fever Commission was working to prove Finlay's theory of mosquito transmission. He appreciates the efforts at mutual relations between Cuba and the United States and the Americans' recognition of Finlay's work.

Borrell invites Moran to attend a lecture honoring Finlay at the Havana Rotary Club.

Rojas informs Hench that she has read of the Cuban government's plans to make the Camp Lazear memorial another monument to Finlay, and wonders if Hench has abandoned his plans for the memorial or is still working with the government. She offers her help and hopes his ideas will be carried out.

Rojas writes that she is glad to know Hench is coming to Havana because there are matters she wishes to discuss with him. She provides information about Cuban hotels and informs him that she will soon be in New York.

In an introduction to Hench's presentation at a Havana conference, Castillo provides an overview of Hench's Nobel prize winning research on arthritis and cortisone. See English translation.

Rojas informs Hench that nothing can be predicted in relation to the preservation of Camp Lazear because the political situation is unstable. She discusses visiting with Rath so that he might advise them on the preservation of the San Jose property which has historical links to Camp Lazear. Rojas believes the San Jose property may be of interest to both the United States and Cuba for this reason.

Rojas thanks Hench for arranging Rath's visit and is sure he will be able to advise her on preserving the Finca San Jose. Rath felt that the restoration of Building No. 1 would be very expensive. Saladrigas informed her that the Cuban government would not add to the $25,000 supplied by the previous administration. Rojas discusses the political situation involving Nogueira and the present government.

Rojas sends Hench photographs of the Camp Lazear work. She has heard that the mayor of Marianao is involved with the project.

Rojas describes her travels in Europe and refers to correspondence between Hench and Nogueira.

In this draft, Hench discusses the Cuban-American cooperation underlying the conquest of yellow fever. He mentions the Havana Yellow Fever Commission of 1879 and the choice of the Finca San Jose as an experimental site because of its yellow fever immunity. He describes Finlay's mosquito hypothesis and experiments, and the initial lack of support for his theory. Finally, Hench outlines the work of Lazear and the Reed Commission, quotes Reed and Finlay, and concludes with praise for both the Cubans and Americans. [See 04435001 and 04435013 for a shorter draft, in Spanish and English, of the speech.]

Nogueira, the Marianao Director of Sanitation, certifies that Hench will fumigate Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear for termites.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay, Reed, and associates.

The card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay, Delgado, Reed and associates.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Wood.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Reed.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Carroll.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Agramonte.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Lazear.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of the American, Cuban and Spanish soldiers.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Sternberg.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Reed, Moran, Cooke and Kean.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Walter Reed.

This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay, Delgado, Reed and associates.

Official Cuban invitation to the Camp Lazear dedication identifies Building No. 1 as the site of Finlay's discoveries. The invitation includes a program of events, including Hench's speech.

This is an official invitation to the Camp Lazear dedication. It includes a program of events.

Guell informs Hench that he has been elevated to the rank of Gran Oficial within the Orden Nacional de Merito Carlos Manuel de Cespedes.

The President of Cuba has awarded Hench the “Orden Nacional de Merito Carlos J. Finlay.”

Rodriquez Exposito fights for the truth in the Finlay - Beauperthuy controversy.

Rodriguez condemns a proposed presentation that claims Beauperthuy, not Finlay, first suggested the mosquito transmitted yellow fever.