The Office of the Surgeon General lists the individuals on the yellow fever roll of honor. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This document covers the accomplishments of the Army Medical Corps, including the conquest of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This is a report on Henry Rose Carter's yellow fever work.

Laura Armistead Carter mentions articles about malaria written by Henry Rose Carter that were translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

Heroism in Medical Investigation

In this pamphlet published for the American Museum of Natural History, Peabody discusses the history of yellow fever, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, and the later history of the yellow fever heroes of 1900. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This manuscript discusses Walter Reed's yellow fever experiments in Cuba and provides letters written by Reed.

In these efficiency reports Reed summarizes his studies at Johns Hopkins University, and Sutherland declares Reed's record excellent and states that he is fit for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg discusses his theory of yellow fever and the necessary preventative measures to combat the spread of yellow fever.

Photo by U. S. Army Signal Corps

Sternberg writes about yellow fever infection from soiled linen and flies. He proposes measures for disinfection and quarantine to control epidemics.

Sternberg reports on the prevalence of yellow fever in Cuba. He relates the history of yellow fever epidemics, and provides statistics on yellow fever throughout Cuba.

Reed suggests several methods to determine whether patients have typhoid or malarial remittent fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever and on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during September 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever, investigated buildings at Natural Bridge, Virginia, and was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during October 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In addition to the topics mentioned in the title, this report by Davis, the Chief Sanitary Officer in Havana, Cuba, includes a sanitary report and the number of cases of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wyman places Carter in charge of all quarantine matters in Cuba, except for the province of Santiago.

Sternberg recommends that Reed go to Havana, Cuba, to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals near Puerto Principe, with particular attention to the prevalence of typhoid fever.

Sternberg directs Reed to inspect the camps, barracks, and hospitals occupied by U.S. troops in the vicinity of Puerto Principe, Cuba, and to make any necessary recommendations for improvement. He is to report on the prevalence of typhoid or other infectious diseases.

Sternberg recommends that Reed be directed to proceed to Havana to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals in the area of Puerto Principe. Reed is also supposed to report on the causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever. Additional letters, endorsement and special orders relating to this recommendation are included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg sends checks for research-related expenses.

Kean considers sending his family back to the United States because of the risk of yellow fever.

Reed's efficiency report is for the year 1899. Included is a report that gives an account of Reed's services from November 1, 1898 to May 10, 1899. He is noted to be an expert pathologist and bacteriologist. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In a Yellow-fever Camp: How the Pestilence Made Its Presence Known in Siboney---The American Hospital Tents in the Mountains--A Brave Physician and His Scanty Equipment

Saleeby describes in detail a fever epidemic at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. He asks for the Surgeon General's opinion on the diagnosis. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The editor praises the work of Reed, Lazear, Carroll and Agramonte as having laid the foundation for all future efforts against yellow fever and malaria. Carroll is singled out for commendation and called a martyr.

Truby discusses Carroll's career.

Andrus describes the work of the Yellow Fever Board and his role as a volunteer. He provides exacting lists of his fellow volunteers and their cases of yellow fever.

Howard reflects on his lifetime of work with mosquitoes. He includes a transcript of a January 13, 1901 letter from Walter Reed describing the success of Reed's experiments. A transcript of a February 20, 1902 letter from Ronald Ross discusses Ross' work in Africa.

This draft of Wood's biography of Walter Reed was written for young readers and was eventually published by Julian Messner, Inc.

Kosslow writes a succinct but vivid account of Walter Reed's life, dealing with his work on typhoid and yellow fever.

LePrince discusses field work in Texas to control the outbreak of yellow fever.

[Carter?] details ways to prevent the proliferation of mosquitoes.

The author discusses the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes.

[Carter] discusses the prevention of yellow fever, including past experiments involving control of the human host vs. control of mosquitoes.

Carter describes early epidemics of various diseases, some of them mistaken for yellow fever. He differentiates between yellow fever and malaria, describes different mortality rates, and lists characteristics of yellow fever.

Carter reports on yellow fever in Venezuela and Colombia.

Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Detailed report on the history of yellow fever by H.R. Carter which includes areas such as geographical distribution, etiology, conveyance, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prophylaxis.

Truby describes his experiences and observations in Cuba from 1898-1902, focusing on Lazear's story.

This memorandum discusses the possibility that malaria originated in the Americas.

[Carter] proposes that the International Health Commission carry out an experiment involving the control of malarial mosquitoes. He includes a detailed procedure for such an experiment.

Carter and LePrince describe a planned pond and the mosquito control measures that should be undertaken in constructing and maintaining it.

Darling writes that he has not found abnormalities in blood of yellow fever cases. He had hoped to join the yellow fever work, but has been advised to stay with Department of Hygiene, in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

This document gives a brief account of Carter's education, work, and achievements.

These are original lists of men undergoing the yellow fever experiments, with an autograph note by Hench.

This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.

Explains Flying Resistance of Mosquitoes

[Carter?] notes deal with mosquitos.

This bibliography lists the articles on yellow fever and malaria written by Carter.

This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.

Hanson requests a copy of Carter's article on the incubation period of yellow fever, from 1900.

Death Of Mr. J.W. Lazear

[Carter] writes Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, the Finlay controversy, and how the discovery of the mosquito as the vector of transmission for yellow fever relied on the work of many contributors.

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear

[Carter] starts a letter to Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, Finlay, and patients with yellow fever.

Hanson writes about the reason for coming to Peru, the conditions found on his arrival, and the difficulties encountered. He discusses the various diseases identified and the causes of the general sanitary problems. Hanson presents remedies for the present conditions and discusses the possibility of the public and the Peruvian government accepting foreign aide.

This account details a list of expenses incurred for stenography, typing, office supplies, and taxi fares to the Library of Congress.

This is a review of Snow's work published by John Churchill in 1853. The author of these notes is unknown.

CThe chronology begins in 1898 with the Spanish-American War and ends in March 1901.

The author analyzes the death rates of Cubans from malaria and yellow fever.

Woldert suggests allowing tobacco to macerate in kerosene oil as a means to kill mosquito larvae quicker and in a more dilute solution than plain oil. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Bonzi informs Carter that a vaccine is being shipped by the Rockefeller Foundation.

Sternberg terminates Agramonte's contract. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This report guards against the introduction and spread of yellow fever. The symptoms of yellow fever are clearly outlined.

Lazear writes that he will assist Reed in an investigation of a disinfectant. He offers his opinion on the political situation in Cuba.

Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home. He has finished a paper on malaria but will still do more research. He is currently doing bacteriological work.

Howard inquires about the whereabouts of the mosquitoes Lazear sent up from Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reports about his investigation of electrozone in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about his living arrangements and his laboratory. He discusses the political situation in Cuba.

Howard discusses his work with different types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg asks Agramonte to settle a question whether the infectious agent of yellow fever is present in the blood. Sternberg also includes an excerpt of his report on Ruiz, which should help Agramonte's experiments. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #122 establishes the Medical Board, consisting of Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte, at Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark reports of yellow fever cases at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg instructs Reed on the numerous experiments he should conduct in the investigation of infectious diseases. Also included are notes by Hench and Truby expressing their personal views of Sternberg's instructions. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about family plans for the summer. He is pleased to be named a member of a board to study infectious diseases, headed by Walter Reed.

Lazear reports on medical cases suspected of being yellow fever in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean provides reasons for infection of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks and possible ways to prevent spread of disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The writer gives a yellow fever case history, among others now lost.

These endorsements regard the relationship between the laundry facilities and the spread of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks.

Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter the town of Quemados, Cuba.

Saleeby writes about the epidemic that afflicted Columbia Barracks in late 1899 and describes the symptoms of the disease.

Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter a saloon where yellow fever broke out. Endorsements are dated June 6 to June 8, 1900.

Orders with endorsements request disinfectants for Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about family plans. He explains the work of the investigative board and is glad that Reed will be its leader.

Havard details the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados, Cuba in May 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard amends the yellow fever report sent June 18, 1900 to change the mortality count. A map is included of the town of Quemados. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Will Study Fever

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic is waning. Reed, Carroll and he will study malaria.

Reed requests that Private Tracey be detailed to Havana to help in the animal laboratory, and also requests additional funding for the purchase of more animals. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic seems to be over, and that the board is hard at work studying Cuban infectious diseases.

Lazear reports that his wife has been hospitalized.

Lazear reports that Reed has them working on Sanarelli's bacillus, but he wants to discover the real organism. He offers his opinion of Carroll.

Reed comments about the family. He writes about the English physicians Durham and Meyers, who are studying yellow fever.

Special Orders #65 establishes various boards to investigate damages due to the outbreak of yellow fever . [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark reprimands Nouel for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.

Reed is astonished that yellow fever remains unrecognized at Pinar del Rio. He recommends measures taken to avoid an epidemic, and the use of human experimentation to study the disease.

Lazear writes about his travels to other posts to gather statistics.

Lazear writes about family plans. He is now working on malaria, and says yellow fever is decreasing in Havana.

[Lazear] disagrees with Reed and Carroll's concentration on Sanarelli's work. He believes that the true cause of yellow fever lies elsewhere.

Reed sends Howard more specimens of mosquitoes that Lazear collected in Cuba. Reed is anxious to know the results. Included is a list of the types of mosquitoes collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dunshie lists the cases of yellow fever at Guanajay Barracks and reports about the precautionary methods taken to prevent the spread of the disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear believes he is on the track of the yellow fever germ but this news must be kept secret for now.

Kean describes the contributions and sacrifices that Lazear has made for science, and asks Sternberg to make a public statement about Lazear's death and his courage in life. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dr. J.W. Lazear Is Dead

Circular Order #8 includes Kean's letter of October 13. Kean states in his communication that the mosquito is responsible for the transmission of malaria and filarial infections, and more than likely yellow fever. He recommends a course of action for all posts in the eradication of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Fitzhugh Lee Sees the Light at Last

Liceaga summarizes the cases of yellow fever that have been observed on the Gulf Coast of Mexico and the measures taken to prevent the spread of the disease.

Reed presents this report on yellow fever to the American Public Health Association.

Carter writes about his work, health, and living conditions.

Welch writes about the mosquito theory of yellow fever transmission and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Wood claims that the New York Sun misconstrued his statements regarding yellow fever, and he wants those errors to be corrected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood rebuts an accusation that Officers concealed outbreaks of yellow fever in Havana.

Reed settles into camp life, and observes a malaria case. He discusses finances, and notes that Carroll has returned to Cuba from the United States.

This is a translation of an article, originally appearing in “La Discusion” (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), in which the rumor of human experimentation is discussed and criticized.

In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital trustees petition Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Wood explains that Cuba is largely free from epidemic or contagious diseases and he suggests that commercial relations to be resumed with the island. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.

Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.

Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.

Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.

This document lists the names of the volunteers for the fomite experiments along with what soiled clothing and bedding they were given. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Sternberg responds to Reed's letter concerning the success of the experiments. He notes that he has received reprints of Reed's paper in the "Journal of Experimental Medicine."

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.

Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.

Sternberg informs Reed that he will send him to Pan-American Congress to present a supplemental paper.

Reed describes the round of holiday parties, including one at the governor's palace, in Havana. He injects blood from the last yellow fever patient into a volunteer.

Reed writes about Emilie Lawrence Reed's recovery, as well as his toothache. He discusses financial matters, including expenditures at Keewaydin. His last yellow fever patient is recovering.

This is the famous New Year's Eve letter. Reed's toothache requires cocaine treatment. Reed comments on La Roche's Yellow Fever (1853), and his own role in the historic discovery. He hears taps sound for the old year, and celebrations for New Year's Day. He requests orders to return to the United States in six weeks.

Ross discusses the parasites that cause malarial fevers. A note on the article indicates that it was published in Nature in 1901.

This is a list of twelve U.S. Army Hospital Corps members who were stationed at Camp Lazear.

These three notes list the human-experiment volunteers who were exposed to fomites, infected by injections of blood, and infected by mosquitoes.

This is an outline, organized chronologically, of Kean's experience with the Yellow Fever Commission.

This document lists the enlisted men involved in the yellow fever experiments and their rate of pay per day. It also lists the men that were paid $100 and $200 for volunteering. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed mentions the sixth case of experimental yellow fever, and that volunteers have gone thirty-five days without contracting yellow fever in the infected clothing test. He describes the condition of a yellow fever case and an experiment with blood injection.

Howard forwards to Reed a suggestion from Woldert regarding experimentation on mosquitoes. The actual suggestion, which was originally enclosed, is not included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carry Yellow Fever Germs

Gorgas encloses and explains a map of the cases of yellow fever in the City of Havana for the year 1900. Two endorsements are included, January 14 and January 22, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Yellow Fever Mosquitoes

Carroll notifies Howard that he is sending him a bumblebee, and he regrets that there are no flies available to send, as the place where he is has been completely sewered and disinfected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard identifies the bee that Carroll had sent to him earlier, giving specifics about its range and habits. He looks forward to talking with Carroll and Reed about the success of the yellow fever experiments, and wishes them success in identifying the organism that causes yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kober sends Kelly extracts of a report, written by himself, entitled “Flies in the transmission of Typhoid”

Reed appreciates Carter's support. He admires Carter's work in Mississippi.

Reed asserts Carter's work in Mississippi contributed more to his belief in the theory of an intermediate host than anything else.

Reed writes just after his return from Cuba. He informs Blincoe of the results of the yellow fever experiments and the reception of the work by the scientific community. He quickly relates family news. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

The Etiology of Yellow Fever

The Yellow Fever Commission examines Ole A. Jensen and pronounces his illness as yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Yellow Fever Commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Morro 58. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of potential yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital and Benefica. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In Circular #5, Scott specifies how to prevent the spread of yellow fever and malaria at military posts by controlling mosquitoes, and instructs physicians how to monitor possible yellow fever patients.

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at San La zaro, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed states that he never doubted that mosquitoes might be the means of spreading yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed considers Durham's work on a bacillus. Although there is no work for the Yellow Fever Board in Cuba at present, he advises Kean to maintain Camp Lazear. Reed discusses immunization against yellow fever.

Sparkman encourages the printing of several thousand copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” so that the people of the Gulf Coast can be informed of the mosquito theory. Sparkman realizes that it is very important that the yellow fever issue be cleared up, as there are numerous variant theories about the cause of yellow fever.

Reed discusses cultures of Bacillus Icteroides. He will send the cultures to Smith.

Caldas describes the process to obtain serum and vaccine for yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard introduces Caldas, a Brazilian scientist who is coming to Havana for experiments on yellow fever.

Amaral thanks the Military Governor of Cuba for his courtesy towards Caldas and Bellingaghi.

Chart plots temperature and pulse of a yellow fever volunteer after the use of the Caldas' vaccine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Yellow Fever Experiments

Reed discusses Carroll's experiments, comments on Springer's involvement, and makes recommendations.

Kean encourages Reed to lobby for the office of Surgeon General.

Kean explains why Dunshie was discharged from the medical corps.

Proposing strategy to advance Reed's candidacy for Surgeon General; Results of Carroll's experiments - organism passes through filter; includes typescript of article from the Army and Navy Journal in favor of Reed's promotion.

This excerpt discusses Reed's medical work and gives a listing of each publication authored by Reed.

The Largest Military Post in the Island of Cuba

Sternberg provides his impressions of Reed and his work relative to Kelly's plans to write a biography of Reed.

This document concerns the work of Walter Reed.

These selections from presentations given at the 1903 annual meeting of the American Public Health Association concern the scientific reception of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, particularly the etiology of yellow fever, quarantine procedures, and the discovery of the role of the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Walker relates the terms of Moran's appointment to the sanitary staff of the Panama Canal Zone.

Blake discusses ancient theories involving yellow fever and mosquitoes.

Hurd shares his recollections of Walter Reed at Johns Hopkins and later.

On behalf of the U.S. Navy Department, Morton expresses gratitude to Carter for his efforts in tending to the yellow fever outbreak on board the U.S.S. Boston.

Taylor encloses a letter thanking Carter for his attention to the yellow fever outbreak on board the U.S.S. Boston.

Thomas writes about a yellow fever epidemic in Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1862.

Agramonte writes about the responsibilities of the Yellow Fever Commission members, and gives a brief chronology of their activities.

Gorgas responds to criticisms of Charles A. Reed. He presents an analysis of the Canal Zone Commission organization.

Matas provides references on yellow fever, and gives information on his own work and experience with the disease.

This translation [from Sanskrit] of Blake's report details ancient references to yellow fever and transmission by mosquitos.

Gorgas reports on yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone, as well as administrative issues.

Farshish writes the editor to correct what he thinks is misinformation in Kelly's article about the earliest documented reference of insects carrying disease. Farshish challenges Kelly with references from the Talmud and Midroshic Literature.

Gorgas lists yellow fever patients to date in the Panama Canal Zone.

Magoon writes about yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone. He makes an official offer of full financial and manpower support for Gorgas to eradicate the disease.

Gorgas describes cases of yellow fever in the Canal Zone, and the reaction to the new Sanitary Commission.

Smith explains the importance of the Reed's work with the Yellow Fever Commission and asks that his accomplishments be publicized. He includes an article on Reed's work, distributed by the New Orleans & North-Eastern Railroad Company, the Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Company, and the Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Company.

Gorgas reports on conditions in Panama regarding yellow fever and malaria. He recommends that the Nobel Prize be given to America.

Guiteras responds to negative publicity about sanitary work in Panama. He states that neglect of mosquito work in the American South is the result of “moneyed interests”. He offers favorable recollections of Walter Reed.

Hurd writes with suggestions for changes to Kelly's manuscript on the life of Walter Reed.

Howard forwards to Kelly statistics on yellow fever cases from New Orleans epidemics.

Welch provides journal article references on yellow fever.

This copy of Kelly's Reed biography is a 1906 first edition published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New York. It was owned by Philip Hench, and contains autograph notes by him and others, mostly commenting on information believed to be in error. In addition to presenting a detailed biography of Reed, Kelly discusses at length the history of yellow fever, research on the disease, and the work of the Reed Yellow Fever Commission and its members. The book features several photographs of Reed, other members of the commission, and Cuban experimental sites.

Carroll comments on Kelly's manuscript. He corrects errors of fact, and objects to the attention given Reed to the detriment of himself, Lazear, and the rest of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carroll gives Latimer permission to quote from letters that he provided to her. He objects to their characterization of his work after Walter Reed's experiments.

Gorgas suggests that Finlay and Carter be nominated for the Nobel Prize. In the postscript, Gorgas writes an autograph note for Carter.

Carroll writes about the Yellow Fever Board's determination to investigate the mosquito theory. Carroll claims that he first proposed Board inoculate themselves. Included is an apparent draft, with autograph notations, and a final copy of the same letter.

Carroll appeals to Kelly to consider Carroll's own statement of the facts concerning the responsibilities and actions of the Yellow Fever Board members. Carroll objects to Kean's version of the events and to Kelly's assertions in his book.

Carroll will meet Latimer to discuss Kelly's book. Carroll offers corrections, and states that Lazear's work is not given due credit.

This review, which appeared in "The Journal of Insanity," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Taft is anxious for Finlay to work with Jefferson Randolph Kean on stamping out yellow fever in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carroll forwards to Kelly his account of the autopsy of the first fatal case in his yellow fever experiments.

Howard provides his recollections of Reed and the formation of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.

Ireland requests that Kean inform Valery Havard of yellow fever cases in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Howard sends Kelly copies of two letters from Reed.

Carroll requests the return of his letter describing a post mortem exam.

The report argues in support of nominating Finlay and Agramonte for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Moran provides his autobiography, including his experiences as a participant in the yellow fever experiments.

Mason refutes the assertion that he used mosquitoes sent by Ames in his experiments, and that the mosquitoes Ames did send were worthless specimens. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Stewart praises Kelly's book. He suggests corrections for clarification, and notes that he would emphasize the role of the Public Health Service.

Jackson sends a contribution for Kissinger. Her husband knew Kissinger as a hospital attendant.

The Cuban Side of It.

Decree Nationalizing Sanitation in Cuba

Carter's report on pneumonia in the Canal Zone concludes that pneumonia is prevalent among recent arrivals who have contracted infectious catarrh. He recommends that prevention efforts concentrate on better medical treatment of catarrh and ensuring that new men have blankets.

This letter to Kean regards a variety of matters: 1) an additional case of yellow fever; 2) the acceptance by Dr. O'Bourke of an agreement regarding the Diagnosis Board; 3) an agreement by the author to report often; 4) personnel; 5) assurances by the author that he would keep the official objectives of the projects as a first priority, despite differences, and 6) the case of Rogelio Castro Rey. [In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The author gives a status report on the work being carried out in Havana. He reports that homes have been fumigated, and an inn fined for a violation of sanitation ordinances. He laments the lack of resources available to complete projects and comments on the poor quality of materials. Finally, he reports a work-related injury.[In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses the creation and function of the Superior Board of Health, which included establishing new sanitary ordinances. He continues by discussing the two most severe outbreaks of disease in Cuba since 1901: smallpox and yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle reports on the duties of the National Sanitary Board, which required all the local sanitary offices to submit to new rules of operation. He goes into great detail about all the various sanitary methods used throughout Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hemmeter gives a chronological account of all the work done by Carroll with regard to yellow fever, and includes a series of letters written by Carroll to his wife, to Walter Reed, and to several others. Hemmeter attempts to rectify what he sees as a lack of proper recognition or reward to Carroll and his family for the part he played in determining the cause of yellow fever.

Guiteras disputes Gorgas' theories about immunity to yellow fever and eradication of the disease.

Gorgas reports on work done in Cuba and Panama to eradicate yellow fever.

El Estado Sanitario de Cuba. Spanish translation of article, by Dr. Darlington, originally appearing in the “New York Daily News.”

The extracts from Agramonte's report detail Beauperthuy's work with mosquitos as disease vectors. The extracts from Boyce's report [in French] also deal with mosquitos and their connections to yellow fever.

The Chief Sanitary Officer details actions taken to prevent yellow fever.

Jennings gives a report of how Phinotas Oil affects the pupa stage in the immature mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

In this sworn statement, Agramonte details the Board's work on yellow fever. Agramonte asserts he began to discuss mosquito transmission in June 1900. A month later, the Board seriously began to consider mosquito agency and the Board then began its mosquito research. Lazear, because of his training in mosquito work, assumed leadership in the mosquito testing. Following Lazear's death, Agramonte carried out the breeding and infecting of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle describes the methods used to combat yellow fever, typhoid fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases in Havana. The methods of covering all water deposits that might breed mosquito larvae are thoroughly discussed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Barnet comments on the effectiveness of the National Sanitary Service, the problems of quarantine, and the general improvement of sanitary standards within Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses the nationalization of the Cuban Sanitary Department, developments in sanitary procedures regarding mosquitoes and yellow fever, and the control of tuberculosis. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The report concludes that improved sanitation efforts between 1906 and 1909 left Cuba entirely free of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Magoon discusses the creation of the Nationalized Sanitary Department, which has caused the final extinction of yellow fever. He also mentions the violation of the quarantine restrictions by the United States. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The Junta Administradora del Hospital Santo Tomas (Administrative Board) recognizes the work done by Carter in the fight against yellow fever.

Gorgas would like Kean to inspect the hospitals in Panama in order to pass on recommendation to Torney so they can be used as instructional institutions. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean details the methods the Sanitary Inspectors used in Cuba to combat yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas asks Kean if he would like to assist in writing a book on tropical hygiene. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

This article deals with disease in the tropics.

The article reviews contrasting administrative methods of Gorgas and Goethals in the Panama Canal Zone.

Kean requests Agramonte's photograph for a publication about the Yellow Fever Commission. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Victory Over Disease Justifies Spanish War Cost of $1,148,000,000

Carter discusses a possible assignment to Hawaii to Laura Armistead Carter. He also encloses newspaper clippings and letters.

Kean discusses the sanitation efforts used to prevent yellow fever in Cuba from 1906 to 1909. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Blue informs Carter of his commission as Senior Surgeon.

Agramonte demands that Kean correct the injustice done to him regarding his unfair portrayal in the Yellow Fever Commission. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean states that Carroll was responsible for the injustice done to Agramonte. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Excerpts from a record card pertain to the biographies of Walter Reed, as well as to the discussion of a monument to commemorate the completion of the Panama Canal that should include Walter Reed. The record card is dated from January 20, 1913 through June 28, 1913. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Anti-Malarial Measures for Farmhouses

Blue orders Carter to North Carolina to investigate malaria and propose control measures.

Carter discusses the transmission, spread and containment of yellow fever.

Ross discusses the opening of a Tropical School in Hamburg.

A review of Havard's book on military hygiene comments on its more comprehensive treatment of infectious diseases and sanitary methods than the first edition. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Rose and Gorgas discuss the relative severity of ankylostomiasis and malaria in Malaya, as well as plans to eradicate yellow fever worldwide.

Freeman praises the accomplishments of Henry Rose Carter, Walter Reed, and William Crawford Gorgas.

Colonel Goethals Was Not Hampered By The Canal Commission

The writer suggests field work instead of lab work.

LePrince discusses malaria distribution in southern states, and field work to eradicate mosquito larvae.

Blue assigns LePrince and Carter to investigate malarial conditions in South Carolina.

Blue requests Carter's opinion in regard to ordinances against mosquito propagation.

The Designing Engineer reports that he has been unable to obtain samples of fish from local ponds.

Blue requests feedback on newspaper article describing the use of bats as an anti-mosquito tool.

Blue informs Carter that the Hydro-Electric Company will reimburse his travel expenses.

Kerr questions the need for multiple investigators examining one subject.

Blue orders Carter to proceed to South Carolina to confer with State Health officials.

Blue orders Carter to delay his investigation until the waters recede.

Blue orders Carter to lecture on yellow fever and malaria.

The writer discusses fish stocks in local reservoirs.

Blue requests that Carter conduct malaria studies in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.

Blue directs Carter to inspect the waters around the Georgia-Carolina Power Plant.

LePrince discusses his survey of Hartsville, South Carolina, and gives his recommendations to inhibit mosquito breeding.

Blue requests that Carter review a proposed law on mosquito control.

Carter discusses legislation designed to inhibit mosquito breeding.

List of fish best suited for stocking ponds of Hydro-Electric Plants.

Kerr describes rural sanitation investigations and malaria surveys. He requests Carter's assistance.

Leidelin claims that he has successfully infected a guinea pig with yellow fever. He hopes to receive U.S. Public Health Service support.

[Carter] requests permission to make a sanitary survey of an area around the Coosa River.

Brown grants Carter permission to conduct a sanitary survey around the Coosa River.

LePrince is ordered to meet with Carter regarding studies of impounded waters.

[Carter] offers to meet with von Ezdorf.

[Carter] discusses travel preparations.

Leidelin thanks Carter for a reprint on impounded waters and malaria. He expresses disappointment about the lack of support by others for his work.

Carter discusses his trip and the lack of field work at the moment.

Pou requests an inspection of a site for a lawsuit.

The Carolina Power and Light Company prefers that Carter conduct the investigation.

Pou agrees that an additional investigation is necessary.

Carter describes life in the camp, field work, and financial matters.

Kerr reports on cooperation with the International Health Commission and discusses steps to be taken in eradication of malaria.

This conference concerned malaria and ways to combat its spread.

Rose discusses methods of malaria control in the rural South.

Blue orders Carter to investigate a fever outbreak in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Carter recommends a campaign to eliminate mosquitoes.

Grote requests suggestions for a malaria eradication campaign. He notes that his county does not have the resources to purchase quinine.

Carter provides instructions for malaria prevention. He notes that the Rockefeller Foundation has shown interest in sponsoring a anti-malaria campaign.

Blue orders Carter to attend the Pan-American Scientific Congress.

Wilder expresses her appreciation for Carter's work.

Blue informs Carter that the dates for the lectures on yellow fever and malaria are satisfactory.

Blue orders Carter to proceed to Washington to deliver lectures on yellow fever and malaria.

Blue requests that Carter present a paper for the American Society of Tropical Medicine meeting.

The Chief Quarantine Officer relates information on a case of yellow fever and notes disagreement over the diagnosis.

Carter discusses anti-mosquito work and mentions the Rockefeller Foundation.

[Carter] discusses a possible bill by Congress thanking Gorgas, Stevens and Goethals for their work.

Blue orders Carter to deliver an address on malaria in Newport News, Virginia.

Blue directs Carter to proceed to the South in order to investigate the relationship between impounded waters and malaria.

Blue orders Carter to participate in the meetings of the National Malarial Committee and the American Society of Tropical Medicine, as well as to continue his investigation of impounded waters.

Blue orders Carter to confer with Dinwiddie County, Virginia, health officials in regards to anti-malarial measures.

[Carter] outlines the roles of Griffitts, LePrince, and von Ezdorf in work involving impounded waters.

[Carter] discusses plans for a mosquito survey.

Un Grupo de Concurrentes al Baile en el Consulado Americano el 4 de Julio.

Le Prince discusses the treatment of a lake shore, in North Carolina, in order to reduce the number of anopheles mosquitos.

Wilson relates findings that timbering in the Little Salkehatchie did not increase prevalence of malaria.

A Commissao Scientifica Rockefeller.