The Office of the Surgeon General lists the individuals on the yellow fever roll of honor. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This document covers the accomplishments of the Army Medical Corps, including the conquest of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This is a report on Henry Rose Carter's yellow fever work.

Laura Armistead Carter mentions articles about malaria written by Henry Rose Carter that were translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

Heroism in Medical Investigation

In this pamphlet published for the American Museum of Natural History, Peabody discusses the history of yellow fever, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, and the later history of the yellow fever heroes of 1900. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This manuscript discusses Walter Reed's yellow fever experiments in Cuba and provides letters written by Reed.

In these efficiency reports Reed summarizes his studies at Johns Hopkins University, and Sutherland declares Reed's record excellent and states that he is fit for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg discusses his theory of yellow fever and the necessary preventative measures to combat the spread of yellow fever.

Photo by U. S. Army Signal Corps

Sternberg writes about yellow fever infection from soiled linen and flies. He proposes measures for disinfection and quarantine to control epidemics.

Sternberg reports on the prevalence of yellow fever in Cuba. He relates the history of yellow fever epidemics, and provides statistics on yellow fever throughout Cuba.

Reed suggests several methods to determine whether patients have typhoid or malarial remittent fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever and on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during September 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever, investigated buildings at Natural Bridge, Virginia, and was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during October 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In addition to the topics mentioned in the title, this report by Davis, the Chief Sanitary Officer in Havana, Cuba, includes a sanitary report and the number of cases of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wyman places Carter in charge of all quarantine matters in Cuba, except for the province of Santiago.

Sternberg recommends that Reed go to Havana, Cuba, to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals near Puerto Principe, with particular attention to the prevalence of typhoid fever.

Sternberg directs Reed to inspect the camps, barracks, and hospitals occupied by U.S. troops in the vicinity of Puerto Principe, Cuba, and to make any necessary recommendations for improvement. He is to report on the prevalence of typhoid or other infectious diseases.

Sternberg recommends that Reed be directed to proceed to Havana to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals in the area of Puerto Principe. Reed is also supposed to report on the causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever. Additional letters, endorsement and special orders relating to this recommendation are included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg sends checks for research-related expenses.

Kean considers sending his family back to the United States because of the risk of yellow fever.

Reed's efficiency report is for the year 1899. Included is a report that gives an account of Reed's services from November 1, 1898 to May 10, 1899. He is noted to be an expert pathologist and bacteriologist. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In a Yellow-fever Camp: How the Pestilence Made Its Presence Known in Siboney---The American Hospital Tents in the Mountains--A Brave Physician and His Scanty Equipment

Saleeby describes in detail a fever epidemic at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. He asks for the Surgeon General's opinion on the diagnosis. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The editor praises the work of Reed, Lazear, Carroll and Agramonte as having laid the foundation for all future efforts against yellow fever and malaria. Carroll is singled out for commendation and called a martyr.

Truby discusses Carroll's career.

Andrus describes the work of the Yellow Fever Board and his role as a volunteer. He provides exacting lists of his fellow volunteers and their cases of yellow fever.

Howard reflects on his lifetime of work with mosquitoes. He includes a transcript of a January 13, 1901 letter from Walter Reed describing the success of Reed's experiments. A transcript of a February 20, 1902 letter from Ronald Ross discusses Ross' work in Africa.

This draft of Wood's biography of Walter Reed was written for young readers and was eventually published by Julian Messner, Inc.

Kosslow writes a succinct but vivid account of Walter Reed's life, dealing with his work on typhoid and yellow fever.

LePrince discusses field work in Texas to control the outbreak of yellow fever.

[Carter?] details ways to prevent the proliferation of mosquitoes.

The author discusses the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes.

[Carter] discusses the prevention of yellow fever, including past experiments involving control of the human host vs. control of mosquitoes.

Carter describes early epidemics of various diseases, some of them mistaken for yellow fever. He differentiates between yellow fever and malaria, describes different mortality rates, and lists characteristics of yellow fever.

Carter reports on yellow fever in Venezuela and Colombia.

Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Detailed report on the history of yellow fever by H.R. Carter which includes areas such as geographical distribution, etiology, conveyance, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prophylaxis.

Truby describes his experiences and observations in Cuba from 1898-1902, focusing on Lazear's story.

This memorandum discusses the possibility that malaria originated in the Americas.

[Carter] proposes that the International Health Commission carry out an experiment involving the control of malarial mosquitoes. He includes a detailed procedure for such an experiment.

Carter and LePrince describe a planned pond and the mosquito control measures that should be undertaken in constructing and maintaining it.

Darling writes that he has not found abnormalities in blood of yellow fever cases. He had hoped to join the yellow fever work, but has been advised to stay with Department of Hygiene, in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

This document gives a brief account of Carter's education, work, and achievements.

These are original lists of men undergoing the yellow fever experiments, with an autograph note by Hench.

This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.

Explains Flying Resistance of Mosquitoes

[Carter?] notes deal with mosquitos.

This bibliography lists the articles on yellow fever and malaria written by Carter.

This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.

Hanson requests a copy of Carter's article on the incubation period of yellow fever, from 1900.

Death Of Mr. J.W. Lazear

[Carter] writes Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, the Finlay controversy, and how the discovery of the mosquito as the vector of transmission for yellow fever relied on the work of many contributors.

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear

[Carter] starts a letter to Mary Clayborne Carter about Gorgas, Finlay, and patients with yellow fever.

Hanson writes about the reason for coming to Peru, the conditions found on his arrival, and the difficulties encountered. He discusses the various diseases identified and the causes of the general sanitary problems. Hanson presents remedies for the present conditions and discusses the possibility of the public and the Peruvian government accepting foreign aide.

This account details a list of expenses incurred for stenography, typing, office supplies, and taxi fares to the Library of Congress.

This is a review of Snow's work published by John Churchill in 1853. The author of these notes is unknown.

CThe chronology begins in 1898 with the Spanish-American War and ends in March 1901.

The author analyzes the death rates of Cubans from malaria and yellow fever.

Woldert suggests allowing tobacco to macerate in kerosene oil as a means to kill mosquito larvae quicker and in a more dilute solution than plain oil. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Bonzi informs Carter that a vaccine is being shipped by the Rockefeller Foundation.

Sternberg terminates Agramonte's contract. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This report guards against the introduction and spread of yellow fever. The symptoms of yellow fever are clearly outlined.

Lazear writes that he will assist Reed in an investigation of a disinfectant. He offers his opinion on the political situation in Cuba.

Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home. He has finished a paper on malaria but will still do more research. He is currently doing bacteriological work.

Howard inquires about the whereabouts of the mosquitoes Lazear sent up from Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed reports about his investigation of electrozone in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about his living arrangements and his laboratory. He discusses the political situation in Cuba.

Howard discusses his work with different types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg asks Agramonte to settle a question whether the infectious agent of yellow fever is present in the blood. Sternberg also includes an excerpt of his report on Ruiz, which should help Agramonte's experiments. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Special Orders #122 establishes the Medical Board, consisting of Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte, at Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark reports of yellow fever cases at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Sternberg instructs Reed on the numerous experiments he should conduct in the investigation of infectious diseases. Also included are notes by Hench and Truby expressing their personal views of Sternberg's instructions. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about family plans for the summer. He is pleased to be named a member of a board to study infectious diseases, headed by Walter Reed.

Lazear reports on medical cases suspected of being yellow fever in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean provides reasons for infection of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks and possible ways to prevent spread of disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The writer gives a yellow fever case history, among others now lost.

These endorsements regard the relationship between the laundry facilities and the spread of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks.

Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter the town of Quemados, Cuba.

Saleeby writes about the epidemic that afflicted Columbia Barracks in late 1899 and describes the symptoms of the disease.

Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter a saloon where yellow fever broke out. Endorsements are dated June 6 to June 8, 1900.

Orders with endorsements request disinfectants for Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear writes about family plans. He explains the work of the investigative board and is glad that Reed will be its leader.

Havard details the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados, Cuba in May 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard amends the yellow fever report sent June 18, 1900 to change the mortality count. A map is included of the town of Quemados. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Will Study Fever

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic is waning. Reed, Carroll and he will study malaria.

Reed requests that Private Tracey be detailed to Havana to help in the animal laboratory, and also requests additional funding for the purchase of more animals. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic seems to be over, and that the board is hard at work studying Cuban infectious diseases.

Lazear reports that his wife has been hospitalized.

Lazear reports that Reed has them working on Sanarelli's bacillus, but he wants to discover the real organism. He offers his opinion of Carroll.

Reed comments about the family. He writes about the English physicians Durham and Meyers, who are studying yellow fever.

Special Orders #65 establishes various boards to investigate damages due to the outbreak of yellow fever . [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Stark reprimands Nouel for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.

Reed is astonished that yellow fever remains unrecognized at Pinar del Rio. He recommends measures taken to avoid an epidemic, and the use of human experimentation to study the disease.

Lazear writes about his travels to other posts to gather statistics.

Lazear writes about family plans. He is now working on malaria, and says yellow fever is decreasing in Havana.

[Lazear] disagrees with Reed and Carroll's concentration on Sanarelli's work. He believes that the true cause of yellow fever lies elsewhere.

Reed sends Howard more specimens of mosquitoes that Lazear collected in Cuba. Reed is anxious to know the results. Included is a list of the types of mosquitoes collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dunshie lists the cases of yellow fever at Guanajay Barracks and reports about the precautionary methods taken to prevent the spread of the disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Lazear believes he is on the track of the yellow fever germ but this news must be kept secret for now.

Kean describes the contributions and sacrifices that Lazear has made for science, and asks Sternberg to make a public statement about Lazear's death and his courage in life. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Dr. J.W. Lazear Is Dead

Circular Order #8 includes Kean's letter of October 13. Kean states in his communication that the mosquito is responsible for the transmission of malaria and filarial infections, and more than likely yellow fever. He recommends a course of action for all posts in the eradication of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Fitzhugh Lee Sees the Light at Last

Liceaga summarizes the cases of yellow fever that have been observed on the Gulf Coast of Mexico and the measures taken to prevent the spread of the disease.

Reed presents this report on yellow fever to the American Public Health Association.

Carter writes about his work, health, and living conditions.

Welch writes about the mosquito theory of yellow fever transmission and the Yellow Fever Commission.

Wood claims that the New York Sun misconstrued his statements regarding yellow fever, and he wants those errors to be corrected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Wood rebuts an accusation that Officers concealed outbreaks of yellow fever in Havana.

Reed settles into camp life, and observes a malaria case. He discusses finances, and notes that Carroll has returned to Cuba from the United States.

This is a translation of an article, originally appearing in “La Discusion” (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), in which the rumor of human experimentation is discussed and criticized.

In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.

Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.

Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital trustees petition Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.

Wood explains that Cuba is largely free from epidemic or contagious diseases and he suggests that commercial relations to be resumed with the island. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.

Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.

Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.

Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.

This document lists the names of the volunteers for the fomite experiments along with what soiled clothing and bedding they were given. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Sternberg responds to Reed's letter concerning the success of the experiments. He notes that he has received reprints of Reed's paper in the "Journal of Experimental Medicine."

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.

Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.

Sternberg informs Reed that he will send him to Pan-American Congress to present a supplemental paper.

Reed describes the round of holiday parties, including one at the governor's palace, in Havana. He injects blood from the last yellow fever patient into a volunteer.

Reed writes about Emilie Lawrence Reed's recovery, as well as his toothache. He discusses financial matters, including expenditures at Keewaydin. His last yellow fever patient is recovering.

This is the famous New Year's Eve letter. Reed's toothache requires cocaine treatment. Reed comments on La Roche's Yellow Fever (1853), and his own role in the historic discovery. He hears taps sound for the old year, and celebrations for New Year's Day. He requests orders to return to the United States in six weeks.

Ross discusses the parasites that cause malarial fevers. A note on the article indicates that it was published in Nature in 1901.

This is a list of twelve U.S. Army Hospital Corps members who were stationed at Camp Lazear.

These three notes list the human-experiment volunteers who were exposed to fomites, infected by injections of blood, and infected by mosquitoes.

This is an outline, organized chronologically, of Kean's experience with the Yellow Fever Commission.

This document lists the enlisted men involved in the yellow fever experiments and their rate of pay per day. It also lists the men that were paid $100 and $200 for volunteering. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed mentions the sixth case of experimental yellow fever, and that volunteers have gone thirty-five days without contracting yellow fever in the infected clothing test. He describes the condition of a yellow fever case and an experiment with blood injection.

Howard forwards to Reed a suggestion from Woldert regarding experimentation on mosquitoes. The actual suggestion, which was originally enclosed, is not included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carry Yellow Fever Germs

Gorgas encloses and explains a map of the cases of yellow fever in the City of Havana for the year 1900. Two endorsements are included, January 14 and January 22, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Yellow Fever Mosquitoes

Carroll notifies Howard that he is sending him a bumblebee, and he regrets that there are no flies available to send, as the place where he is has been completely sewered and disinfected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Howard identifies the bee that Carroll had sent to him earlier, giving specifics about its range and habits. He looks forward to talking with Carroll and Reed about the success of the yellow fever experiments, and wishes them success in identifying the organism that causes yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kober sends Kelly extracts of a report, written by himself, entitled “Flies in the transmission of Typhoid”

Reed appreciates Carter's support. He admires Carter's work in Mississippi.

Reed asserts Carter's work in Mississippi contributed more to his belief in the theory of an intermediate host than anything else.

Reed writes just after his return from Cuba. He informs Blincoe of the results of the yellow fever experiments and the reception of the work by the scientific community. He quickly relates family news. [Courtesy of the Library of Virginia]

The Etiology of Yellow Fever

The Yellow Fever Commission examines Ole A. Jensen and pronounces his illness as yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Yellow Fever Commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Morro 58. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of potential yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital and Benefica. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

In Circular #5, Scott specifies how to prevent the spread of yellow fever and malaria at military posts by controlling mosquitoes, and instructs physicians how to monitor possible yellow fever patients.

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at San La zaro, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Reed states that he never doubted that mosquitoes might be the means of spreading yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Reed considers Durham's work on a bacillus. Although there is no work for the Yellow Fever Board in Cuba at present, he advises Kean to maintain Camp Lazear. Reed discusses immunization against yellow fever.

Sparkman encourages the printing of several thousand copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” so that the people of the Gulf Coast can be informed of the mosquito theory. Sparkman realizes that it is very important that the yellow fever issue be cleared up, as there are numerous variant theories about the cause of yellow fever.

Reed discusses cultures of Bacillus Icteroides. He will send the cultures to Smith.

Caldas describes the process to obtain serum and vaccine for yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Havard introduces Caldas, a Brazilian scientist who is coming to Havana for experiments on yellow fever.

Amaral thanks the Military Governor of Cuba for his courtesy towards Caldas and Bellingaghi.

Chart plots temperature and pulse of a yellow fever volunteer after the use of the Caldas' vaccine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Yellow Fever Experiments

Reed discusses Carroll's experiments, comments on Springer's involvement, and makes recommendations.

Kean encourages Reed to lobby for the office of Surgeon General.

Kean explains why Dunshie was discharged from the medical corps.

Proposing strategy to advance Reed's candidacy for Surgeon General; Results of Carroll's experiments - organism passes through filter; includes typescript of article from the Army and Navy Journal in favor of Reed's promotion.

This excerpt discusses Reed's medical work and gives a listing of each publication authored by Reed.

The Largest Military Post in the Island of Cuba

Sternberg provides his impressions of Reed and his work relative to Kelly's plans to write a biography of Reed.

This document concerns the work of Walter Reed.

These selections from presentations given at the 1903 annual meeting of the American Public Health Association concern the scientific reception of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, particularly the etiology of yellow fever, quarantine procedures, and the discovery of the role of the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Walker relates the terms of Moran's appointment to the sanitary staff of the Panama Canal Zone.

Blake discusses ancient theories involving yellow fever and mosquitoes.

Hurd shares his recollections of Walter Reed at Johns Hopkins and later.

On behalf of the U.S. Navy Department, Morton expresses gratitude to Carter for his efforts in tending to the yellow fever outbreak on board the U.S.S. Boston.

Taylor encloses a letter thanking Carter for his attention to the yellow fever outbreak on board the U.S.S. Boston.

Thomas writes about a yellow fever epidemic in Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1862.

Agramonte writes about the responsibilities of the Yellow Fever Commission members, and gives a brief chronology of their activities.

Gorgas responds to criticisms of Charles A. Reed. He presents an analysis of the Canal Zone Commission organization.

Matas provides references on yellow fever, and gives information on his own work and experience with the disease.

This translation [from Sanskrit] of Blake's report details ancient references to yellow fever and transmission by mosquitos.

Gorgas reports on yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone, as well as administrative issues.

Farshish writes the editor to correct what he thinks is misinformation in Kelly's article about the earliest documented reference of insects carrying disease. Farshish challenges Kelly with references from the Talmud and Midroshic Literature.

Gorgas lists yellow fever patients to date in the Panama Canal Zone.

Magoon writes about yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone. He makes an official offer of full financial and manpower support for Gorgas to eradicate the disease.

Gorgas describes cases of yellow fever in the Canal Zone, and the reaction to the new Sanitary Commission.

Smith explains the importance of the Reed's work with the Yellow Fever Commission and asks that his accomplishments be publicized. He includes an article on Reed's work, distributed by the New Orleans & North-Eastern Railroad Company, the Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Company, and the Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Company.

Gorgas reports on conditions in Panama regarding yellow fever and malaria. He recommends that the Nobel Prize be given to America.

Guiteras responds to negative publicity about sanitary work in Panama. He states that neglect of mosquito work in the American South is the result of “moneyed interests”. He offers favorable recollections of Walter Reed.

Hurd writes with suggestions for changes to Kelly's manuscript on the life of Walter Reed.

Howard forwards to Kelly statistics on yellow fever cases from New Orleans epidemics.

Welch provides journal article references on yellow fever.

This copy of Kelly's Reed biography is a 1906 first edition published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New York. It was owned by Philip Hench, and contains autograph notes by him and others, mostly commenting on information believed to be in error. In addition to presenting a detailed biography of Reed, Kelly discusses at length the history of yellow fever, research on the disease, and the work of the Reed Yellow Fever Commission and its members. The book features several photographs of Reed, other members of the commission, and Cuban experimental sites.

Carroll comments on Kelly's manuscript. He corrects errors of fact, and objects to the attention given Reed to the detriment of himself, Lazear, and the rest of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carroll gives Latimer permission to quote from letters that he provided to her. He objects to their characterization of his work after Walter Reed's experiments.

Gorgas suggests that Finlay and Carter be nominated for the Nobel Prize. In the postscript, Gorgas writes an autograph note for Carter.

Carroll writes about the Yellow Fever Board's determination to investigate the mosquito theory. Carroll claims that he first proposed Board inoculate themselves. Included is an apparent draft, with autograph notations, and a final copy of the same letter.

Carroll appeals to Kelly to consider Carroll's own statement of the facts concerning the responsibilities and actions of the Yellow Fever Board members. Carroll objects to Kean's version of the events and to Kelly's assertions in his book.

Carroll will meet Latimer to discuss Kelly's book. Carroll offers corrections, and states that Lazear's work is not given due credit.

This review, which appeared in "The Journal of Insanity," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Taft is anxious for Finlay to work with Jefferson Randolph Kean on stamping out yellow fever in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carroll forwards to Kelly his account of the autopsy of the first fatal case in his yellow fever experiments.

Howard provides his recollections of Reed and the formation of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.

Ireland requests that Kean inform Valery Havard of yellow fever cases in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Howard sends Kelly copies of two letters from Reed.

Carroll requests the return of his letter describing a post mortem exam.

The report argues in support of nominating Finlay and Agramonte for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Moran provides his autobiography, including his experiences as a participant in the yellow fever experiments.

Mason refutes the assertion that he used mosquitoes sent by Ames in his experiments, and that the mosquitoes Ames did send were worthless specimens. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Stewart praises Kelly's book. He suggests corrections for clarification, and notes that he would emphasize the role of the Public Health Service.

Jackson sends a contribution for Kissinger. Her husband knew Kissinger as a hospital attendant.

The Cuban Side of It.

Decree Nationalizing Sanitation in Cuba

Carter's report on pneumonia in the Canal Zone concludes that pneumonia is prevalent among recent arrivals who have contracted infectious catarrh. He recommends that prevention efforts concentrate on better medical treatment of catarrh and ensuring that new men have blankets.

This letter to Kean regards a variety of matters: 1) an additional case of yellow fever; 2) the acceptance by Dr. O'Bourke of an agreement regarding the Diagnosis Board; 3) an agreement by the author to report often; 4) personnel; 5) assurances by the author that he would keep the official objectives of the projects as a first priority, despite differences, and 6) the case of Rogelio Castro Rey. [In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The author gives a status report on the work being carried out in Havana. He reports that homes have been fumigated, and an inn fined for a violation of sanitation ordinances. He laments the lack of resources available to complete projects and comments on the poor quality of materials. Finally, he reports a work-related injury.[In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses the creation and function of the Superior Board of Health, which included establishing new sanitary ordinances. He continues by discussing the two most severe outbreaks of disease in Cuba since 1901: smallpox and yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle reports on the duties of the National Sanitary Board, which required all the local sanitary offices to submit to new rules of operation. He goes into great detail about all the various sanitary methods used throughout Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hemmeter gives a chronological account of all the work done by Carroll with regard to yellow fever, and includes a series of letters written by Carroll to his wife, to Walter Reed, and to several others. Hemmeter attempts to rectify what he sees as a lack of proper recognition or reward to Carroll and his family for the part he played in determining the cause of yellow fever.

Guiteras disputes Gorgas' theories about immunity to yellow fever and eradication of the disease.

Gorgas reports on work done in Cuba and Panama to eradicate yellow fever.

El Estado Sanitario de Cuba. Spanish translation of article, by Dr. Darlington, originally appearing in the “New York Daily News.”

The extracts from Agramonte's report detail Beauperthuy's work with mosquitos as disease vectors. The extracts from Boyce's report [in French] also deal with mosquitos and their connections to yellow fever.

The Chief Sanitary Officer details actions taken to prevent yellow fever.

Jennings gives a report of how Phinotas Oil affects the pupa stage in the immature mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

In this sworn statement, Agramonte details the Board's work on yellow fever. Agramonte asserts he began to discuss mosquito transmission in June 1900. A month later, the Board seriously began to consider mosquito agency and the Board then began its mosquito research. Lazear, because of his training in mosquito work, assumed leadership in the mosquito testing. Following Lazear's death, Agramonte carried out the breeding and infecting of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle describes the methods used to combat yellow fever, typhoid fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases in Havana. The methods of covering all water deposits that might breed mosquito larvae are thoroughly discussed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Barnet comments on the effectiveness of the National Sanitary Service, the problems of quarantine, and the general improvement of sanitary standards within Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses the nationalization of the Cuban Sanitary Department, developments in sanitary procedures regarding mosquitoes and yellow fever, and the control of tuberculosis. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The report concludes that improved sanitation efforts between 1906 and 1909 left Cuba entirely free of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Magoon discusses the creation of the Nationalized Sanitary Department, which has caused the final extinction of yellow fever. He also mentions the violation of the quarantine restrictions by the United States. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The Junta Administradora del Hospital Santo Tomas (Administrative Board) recognizes the work done by Carter in the fight against yellow fever.

Gorgas would like Kean to inspect the hospitals in Panama in order to pass on recommendation to Torney so they can be used as instructional institutions. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean details the methods the Sanitary Inspectors used in Cuba to combat yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas asks Kean if he would like to assist in writing a book on tropical hygiene. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

This article deals with disease in the tropics.

The article reviews contrasting administrative methods of Gorgas and Goethals in the Panama Canal Zone.

Kean requests Agramonte's photograph for a publication about the Yellow Fever Commission. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Victory Over Disease Justifies Spanish War Cost of $1,148,000,000

Carter discusses a possible assignment to Hawaii to Laura Armistead Carter. He also encloses newspaper clippings and letters.

Kean discusses the sanitation efforts used to prevent yellow fever in Cuba from 1906 to 1909. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Blue informs Carter of his commission as Senior Surgeon.

Agramonte demands that Kean correct the injustice done to him regarding his unfair portrayal in the Yellow Fever Commission. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean states that Carroll was responsible for the injustice done to Agramonte. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Excerpts from a record card pertain to the biographies of Walter Reed, as well as to the discussion of a monument to commemorate the completion of the Panama Canal that should include Walter Reed. The record card is dated from January 20, 1913 through June 28, 1913. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Anti-Malarial Measures for Farmhouses

Blue orders Carter to North Carolina to investigate malaria and propose control measures.

Carter discusses the transmission, spread and containment of yellow fever.

Ross discusses the opening of a Tropical School in Hamburg.

A review of Havard's book on military hygiene comments on its more comprehensive treatment of infectious diseases and sanitary methods than the first edition. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Rose and Gorgas discuss the relative severity of ankylostomiasis and malaria in Malaya, as well as plans to eradicate yellow fever worldwide.

Freeman praises the accomplishments of Henry Rose Carter, Walter Reed, and William Crawford Gorgas.

Colonel Goethals Was Not Hampered By The Canal Commission

The writer suggests field work instead of lab work.

LePrince discusses malaria distribution in southern states, and field work to eradicate mosquito larvae.

Blue assigns LePrince and Carter to investigate malarial conditions in South Carolina.

Blue requests Carter's opinion in regard to ordinances against mosquito propagation.

The Designing Engineer reports that he has been unable to obtain samples of fish from local ponds.

Blue requests feedback on newspaper article describing the use of bats as an anti-mosquito tool.

Blue informs Carter that the Hydro-Electric Company will reimburse his travel expenses.

Kerr questions the need for multiple investigators examining one subject.

Blue orders Carter to proceed to South Carolina to confer with State Health officials.

Blue orders Carter to delay his investigation until the waters recede.

Blue orders Carter to lecture on yellow fever and malaria.

The writer discusses fish stocks in local reservoirs.

Blue requests that Carter conduct malaria studies in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.

Blue directs Carter to inspect the waters around the Georgia-Carolina Power Plant.

LePrince discusses his survey of Hartsville, South Carolina, and gives his recommendations to inhibit mosquito breeding.

Blue requests that Carter review a proposed law on mosquito control.

Carter discusses legislation designed to inhibit mosquito breeding.

List of fish best suited for stocking ponds of Hydro-Electric Plants.

Kerr describes rural sanitation investigations and malaria surveys. He requests Carter's assistance.

Leidelin claims that he has successfully infected a guinea pig with yellow fever. He hopes to receive U.S. Public Health Service support.

[Carter] requests permission to make a sanitary survey of an area around the Coosa River.

Brown grants Carter permission to conduct a sanitary survey around the Coosa River.

LePrince is ordered to meet with Carter regarding studies of impounded waters.

[Carter] offers to meet with von Ezdorf.

[Carter] discusses travel preparations.

Leidelin thanks Carter for a reprint on impounded waters and malaria. He expresses disappointment about the lack of support by others for his work.

Carter discusses his trip and the lack of field work at the moment.

Pou requests an inspection of a site for a lawsuit.

The Carolina Power and Light Company prefers that Carter conduct the investigation.

Pou agrees that an additional investigation is necessary.

Carter describes life in the camp, field work, and financial matters.

Kerr reports on cooperation with the International Health Commission and discusses steps to be taken in eradication of malaria.

This conference concerned malaria and ways to combat its spread.

Rose discusses methods of malaria control in the rural South.

Blue orders Carter to investigate a fever outbreak in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Carter recommends a campaign to eliminate mosquitoes.

Grote requests suggestions for a malaria eradication campaign. He notes that his county does not have the resources to purchase quinine.

Carter provides instructions for malaria prevention. He notes that the Rockefeller Foundation has shown interest in sponsoring a anti-malaria campaign.

Blue orders Carter to attend the Pan-American Scientific Congress.

Wilder expresses her appreciation for Carter's work.

Blue informs Carter that the dates for the lectures on yellow fever and malaria are satisfactory.

Blue orders Carter to proceed to Washington to deliver lectures on yellow fever and malaria.

Blue requests that Carter present a paper for the American Society of Tropical Medicine meeting.

The Chief Quarantine Officer relates information on a case of yellow fever and notes disagreement over the diagnosis.

Carter discusses anti-mosquito work and mentions the Rockefeller Foundation.

[Carter] discusses a possible bill by Congress thanking Gorgas, Stevens and Goethals for their work.

Blue orders Carter to deliver an address on malaria in Newport News, Virginia.

Blue directs Carter to proceed to the South in order to investigate the relationship between impounded waters and malaria.

Blue orders Carter to participate in the meetings of the National Malarial Committee and the American Society of Tropical Medicine, as well as to continue his investigation of impounded waters.

Blue orders Carter to confer with Dinwiddie County, Virginia, health officials in regards to anti-malarial measures.

[Carter] outlines the roles of Griffitts, LePrince, and von Ezdorf in work involving impounded waters.

[Carter] discusses plans for a mosquito survey.

Un Grupo de Concurrentes al Baile en el Consulado Americano el 4 de Julio.

Le Prince discusses the treatment of a lake shore, in North Carolina, in order to reduce the number of anopheles mosquitos.

Wilson relates findings that timbering in the Little Salkehatchie did not increase prevalence of malaria.

A Commissao Scientifica Rockefeller.

[Guiteras] reports to Gorgas on a Barbados epidemic, which he suspects may be yellow fever.

Gorgas discusses yellow fever theories and the possibility of war with Germany.

Carter requests that his paper, "Spontaneous Disappearance of Yellow Fever," be read before the Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Carter is ordered to attend the Society of Tropical Medicine conference and the National Malaria Committee meeting.

Blue writes that anti-malarial work in Newport News, Virginia, is to be continued under Griffitts. Carter is to inspect work at Quantico with LePrince.

Whitmore requests Carter's opinion for a paper he is writing. Whitmore discusses Weil's Disease and its relation to yellow fever.

Carter expresses regret that he will not be able to hear Whitmore present his paper. He discusses the difficulty of yellow fever diagnosis and recommends a pathologist for yellow fever work.

Carter reports on dengue fever in Galveston, Texas.

Carter discusses the outbreak of dengue fever in Galveston, Texas.

[Carter] writes that he does not have case records from Guiteras' report and that the report did not encompass yellow fever.

Carter reports on his investigation of a foreign sailor's illness and death, in Sabine, Texas.

Carter writes that it would make little sense for him to go to Guatemala for yellow fever work now.

Riva explains the difficulties of using postal cards for collecting statistical data.

[Carter] requests information from Guiteras regarding yellow fever blood samples.

[Carter] requests information on blood samples of yellow fever from Darling's work in Panama.

This chart tracks the number of cases of yellow fever per year, from 1880-1919, in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Carter is sending Byam a paper on yellow fever for publication. Carter intends to consult with Noguchi to see if he may quote the results of latest research.

[Carter] inquires about yellow fever publications.

Byam writes that Carter may make additions to his article. Byam hopes that Carter will include Noguchi's discoveries.

Rose reports that Flexner wants the title of the best study on yellow fever epidemiology.

Carter recommends various works on yellow fever epidemiology.

Allmand informs Carter about yellow fever publications.

Bass invites Carter to take part in a symposium on yellow fever.

Bass thanks Carter for contributing a paper on yellow fever for the American Society of Tropical Medicine meeting.

Byam writes that he has received Carter's manuscript.

Carter reflects, at length, on his career in public medicine and his accomplishments.

Blue sends Carter to Atlantic City, New Jersey to present a paper at a yellow fever symposium.

Noguchi writes that he is sending Carter articles on yellow fever in Guayaquil.

Byam writes that the additional material on Finlay will be included in Carter's article. He discusses Finlay's role in the yellow fever work.

Carter writes to the editor concerning a recent article on yellow fever in South America.

Carter writes that he would appreciate the Boy Scouts' help for malaria control.

This program includes a symposium on yellow fever featuring presentations by Noguchi, Elliott, Carter, White, Pareja, Lebredo and Guiteras.

Simon inform Carter that he will publish his yellow fever paper from the Atlantic City, New Jersey symposium.

This report details the Army's mosquito control operations around Camp Meade, Maryland.

Nichols encourages members to support the Society, which lapsed during the World War I.

Byam writes about making changes to the map based upon Carter's recommendations.

Thorpe seeks a recommendation for the best top-minnow species to use in the Yadkin River (Badin, North Carolina) for mosquito control.

Mayne discusses hyperparasitism and mosquito experimentation.

Carter writes about the relationship between impounded water and malaria.

Carter writes that he will be able to join Gorgas in January 1920.

Carter writes that he will be unable to attend the National Malaria Committee meeting.

Carter informs Cattell that he published two papers on the incubation of yellow fever, which were the basis of Reed's experiments with the Yellow Fever Commission.

The writer reports the progress of the yellow fever work in South America, Mexico and West Africa and includes data tables.

This document includes excerpts from Sternberg's biography of her husband's involvement with tropical diseases, including yellow fever.

Blue orders Carter to go to Florida to assist in the control of malaria.

Carter informs Russell about the progress that she and Frost made over the Christmas holiday and about the maps and bibliographical references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever that she is currently working on.

Gorgas invites Carter to come with him to Peru.

Carter discusses the benefits and disadvantages of accompanying Gorgas to an unnamed location.

Carter requests library and reference cards she needs in order to change a reference for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter discusses the control of mosquitoes in southern U.S. ports.

Carter discusses details of a future trip to an unnamed location.

Blue requests that Carter assist in the revision of U.S. quarantine regulations.

Williams discusses the value of money in relation to the work in the Public Health Service.

Carter thanks Russell for supplying the Connor reference she sought and describes her work at the Library of Congress.

Carter describes his trip to New York and discusses travel plans to South America. He also writes about financial matters.

Carter offers suggestions regarding the format of the bibliography for the History of Yellow Fever and asks him if he might be able to include Gorgas in the bibliography. She also questions Frost's inclusion in the text of Henry Rose Carter's supposed acceptance of Noguchi's leptospira.

Carter requests a copy of address given on yellow fever.

The Acting Secretary informs Carter that he is being placed on waiting orders. He thanks Carter for his years of service.

Carter writes about his travels and his work.

Rose describes plans for yellow fever work in West Africa. He also reports on the situation in Mexico and Central America.

Carter informs Cardenas about the sanitary conditions in the department of Piura, Peru.

Carter informs Cardenas about the sanitary conditions in the department of Piura, Peru.

[Welles] invites Carter to serve as an expert on tropical diseases for the Paraguayan government.

Carter writes about life in Peru and his field work. He discusses his health and financial matters as well.

Carter plans on working on the book as long as she is needed and then she is considering entering the hospital in order to fully regain her health.

Griffitts writes about the anopheles survey at Badin, North Carolina.

Connor writes that he has seen Henry Carter and praises his yellow fever work in Peru. He requests two of Carter's reports.

Lyster requests permission to publish an article that Carter has proofread.

The authors primarily discuss the treatment of malaria with quinine.

[Carter] deals extensively with the prophylaxis of yellow fever.

Ricketson is not to enter any yellow fever district until ten days after last vaccine injection.

Carter asks if "The Practice of Medicine in the Tropics," with her father's section on yellow fever, has gone to press. Her father has finished yellow fever work in Peru, but Laura Eugenia Cook Carter, his wife, has died.

Carter offers to go to Ferrenafe.

Obregon establishes a commission under the International Health Board for yellow fever work in Mexico. Officers, administrative structure, and funding are specified.

Rose writes that he will arrange for Noguchi's yellow fever vaccine and serum to be delivered to Chiclayo, Peru.

Rose informs Carter that some of Noguchi's vaccine has been shipped to Peru.

Rose requests information on the yellow fever situation. He offers his assistance.

Rose informs Laura Carter that they have heard from her father, who is still in Peru.

Bates informs Carter that yellow fever vaccine and serum has been sent.

This is a Spanish translation of a report on yellow fever, which details the incubation and spread of yellow fever as well as methods to combat it.

Carter reports on the yellow fever epidemic in the department of Lambayeque, including nature of epidemic and campaign.

Hanson reports on a yellow fever epidemic in Peru. The local newspaper is publishing articles denouncing his sanitary campaign.

Hanson writes about the inappropriate handling of vaccine.

Hanson writes about the vaccine being sent to Peru. He is concerned about funding.

Lebredo informs Carter of his latest research and the International Sanitary Convention of the American Republics meetings.

Rose thanks Carter for his impressions of the yellow fever situation in West Africa. He sends him an outline of a conference concerning the Yellow Fever Commission report as well as Noguchi's Leptospira icteroides work.

LePrince reports on the yellow fever situation in Mexico, where he is conducting mosquito experiments, as well as Griffitts' malaria control work in Alabama.

Mitchel complains about his problems with the Peruvian government. He encloses a copy of a letter from M.L. Vega regarding his situation.

Receipt for Carter's Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene subscription.

Lyster reports on the yellow fever situation in Central and South America.

Carter believes that yellow fever is still present in Africa. Carter would be willing to go to Africa as an adviser if he is physically able.

Carter's subscription to the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene should be in his name, not his son's.

Connor comments on Hanson's and Pareja's work in Peru. He also discusses issues related to yellow fever work in Mexico.

This letter, originally sent by the prefect commander, details the difficulties and economic ramifications of quarantine operations.

Noguchi's paper on prophylaxis and serum therapy of yellow fever. Discusses isolation of Leptospira icteroides, as well as experiments, efficacy of serum therapy of yellow fever and vaccination against yellow fever.

Carter, preparing a paper, asks Hanson about his experience in Peru. He believes that Hanson and his team have saved Peru. Carter wishes he could have returned to Peru.

Corrigan describes inspections of various Peruvian sites for yellow fever eradication.

Hanson reports on the yellow fever work in South America. He discusses the irregularity of mail, the effective use of fish for mosquito control, the yellow fever risk of Lima's poorer areas, and public health personnel. Hanson thanks the International Health Board for all of its support to the campaign.

This is a cablegram with a translated cipher. It concerns funding for health inspectors in the Panama Canal Zone.

In a report on the yellow fever work in Peru, Hanson discusses financial matters, correspondence received, the help extended by White and Carter, and manpower needs. Hanson declares the campaign is going well.

Read reports on new yellow fever cases in Central America, conditions in various areas in Mexico, and intensive control measures to reduce incidence of infection.

This document lists abstracts of articles dealing with the destruction of certain aquatic plants.

Carter recommends continuation of work. He requests to stay since he is the most qualified. He fears a yellow fever outbreak in Lima.

Hanson includes the names of medical personnel and the places he has inspected. He mentions the lack of cooperation from locals. He is considering a return to the U.S.

Hanson gives an account of his trip to Panama. He mentions a modification of quarantine process. He describes sanitary inspections to various regions of Peru [lists names of personnel]. He expresses concern about the government's funding of workers. The yellow fever campaign is going well, but vigilance is required.

Hanson discusses ways of converting funds into dollars. He reports on field work done by various experts. He mentions funding issues concerning the Peruvian government.

Read describes details of a field trip. She mentions the attitude of the laborers, noting that the military is needed to get work done. She discusses the prophylactic campaign initiative.

Hanson discusses a yellow fever outbreak in Trujillo. He mentions the difficulty of doing prophylactic work in Lima. He offers his opinions regarding a member of the Panama Canal Health Department and the Peruvian government.

The publishing house of Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton sends Carter a prospectus for a new set of books, entitled "The Practice of Medicine in the Tropics."

Caldwell thanks Carter for his informative and invaluable lecture. He reports on field work, problems with local customs, and migrant workers' susceptibility to yellow fever.

Hanson sends Carter a Spanish translation of a lecture. Some inspectors are returning to the Canal Zone. He hopes to bring his family to Peru. There has been an outbreak of bubonic plague. He offers his opinions on the Peruvian government.

Hanson offers his opinions on the Peruvian government in regards to funding.

Pierce writes that the Public Health Service seeks a high degree of excellence for all courses of instruction. Lecturers should be recognized leaders in their fields. Pierce asks Carter to prepare a statement on malaria and yellow fever.

Fricks apologizes for his efforts to convince Carter to attend the Hot Spring malaria meeting.

Carter gives Woodfall advice on proposed legislation to control spread of malaria.

Carter agrees to send Surgeon General Cumming a synopsis of a lecture on either malaria or yellow fever.

Parker reports on a malaria survey in Texas. He describes campaign details. All towns show good results.

[Carter] requests a reply from Surgeon General [Cumming's] office so he can prepare the lecture as requested.

Pierce requests that Carter prepare two statements for the lecture series.

The publishing company requests that Carter abstract Cohn and Noguchi's article on monkey hearts and yellow fever.

Carter sends Surgeon General [Cumming] data for lectures as requested.

Hanson hopes that there will be no more yellow fever cases after the year 1921. He describes his field work in detail: the use of fish to combat mosquito breeding was very successful but the limited use of containers was difficult to enforce. He praises several inspectors for their good work.

Woodfall informs Carter that all papers dealing with malaria have been sent to LePrince.

Noguchi appreciates Carter's in-depth analysis of his article. He discusses individual sections of article and looks forward to additional comments or suggestions.

[Carter] comments on the efficacy of the yellow fever vaccine.

Hanson reports on the investigation of a possible yellow fever case. He describes his field work and discusses personnel matters. He hopes to bring the campaign to an end by the spring of 1922.

[Carter] refers to the coordination of malaria control with projects for agricultural drainage.

Hanson refers to the Academy of Medicine meeting to study epidemics of yellow fever. He rebuts the contention of a Peruvian physician to the absence of yellow fever in the area, noting that the goal of the campaign is to insure against recurrence.

Rose thanks Carter for his unselfish devotion and loyalty to the cause.

Fricks seeks Carter's advice on how to publish comprehensive malaria bulletin.

Carter discusses the history of yellow fever in South America.

[Carter] does not see the need to write another systematic treatise on malaria control. He suggests two different alternatives.

Pierce thanks Carter for his paper on yellow fever.

This extract suggests that Finlay first formulated the idea of mosquito conveyance of yellow fever.

Robertson reviews recent reports on plague prevention in northern China.

Noguchi sends Carter eight ampoules of yellow fever vaccine and directions for its use.

Noguchi discusses the death of Cross in Mexico, emphasizing the limited protection of vaccination.

Mayne thanks Carter for his contributions to engineering abstracts and inquires about his sources.

Hanson details his yellow fever work in Peru, commenting on his workers, areas of the country where mosquito work is being done, the suspension of Dunn's stegomyia work, and fever cases.

Hanson details the progress against yellow fever in Peru, but notes that the situation in Mexico and Central America is more serious than once thought.

Connor describes the yellow fever situation in Mexico.

Cascorrcelos writes to Connor concerning possible pre-Columbian manifestations of yellow fever.

The writer recommends Connor for yellow fever work in Africa.

[Carter] informs Hanson that he has been lecturing on malaria and yellow fever at Johns Hopkins. Currently he is working on a brief history of yellow fever.

Caldwell asks Carter about the possibility of human yellow fever “carriers”, as he has had an inexplicable case of yellow fever in his district.

[Carter] believes that human “carriers” of yellow fever, without symptoms, do not exist. He feels that Caldwell's case must involve either a human with undiagnosed yellow fever or an erroneous diagnosis of yellow fever.

[Carter] describes his first encounter with Finlay and his impressions of Finlay's work.

Connor recommends continued vigilance for at least six months after the last confirmed case of yellow fever. He discusses the political situation in Mexico, noting that the Tampico office is closing.

Carter gives Boldridge advice regarding Guatemala, including precautions to take. He offers his opinions about the people of Latin America.

Mendelsohn discusses problems surrounding the publication of Carter's article on malaria.

Scannell reminisces about times he and Carter spent in Panama. He reports on yellow fever field work in Mexico and claims to have created a “no man's land” between Mexico and Guatemala.

Hanson reports on the conclusion of the yellow fever campaign in Peru. He encourages Carter to file all his expense receipts since the exchange rate has improved.

[Carter] critiques Connor's draft on yellow fever.

Read writes that Carter will receive an advance, to cover writing-related expenses, for the yellow fever book.

The writer, from the treasury department of the U.S. Public Health Service, expresses a desire to discuss with Carter a plan to put European ports under the general direction of U.S. Quarantine Station, on Staten Island, New York.

Connor discusses field work and a difficult case, in San Cristobal. Connor is worried that yellow fever's demise in Peru will be announced too soon.

Carter requests data on the history of yellow fever in Peru.

Hanson discusses the political situation in Peru and his difficulties in dealing with local authorities.

[Carter] discusses Scannell's work against yellow fever in Chiapas, Mexico.

Caldwell agrees with Carter that there are no human carriers of yellow fever. He discusses, in detail, his field work in Mexico.

Hanson updates Carter on his search for material for Carter's yellow fever book. The Peruvian health authorities have suggested he stay after the end of campaign, but he is uncertain what he will do.

Carter offers a correction to Bruce's “History of the University of Virginia.“

Hanson discusses yellow fever cases in Peru.

Carter maintains that the sanitation of the Isthmus of Panama was Gorgas' work. He credits Reed for laying the foundation of all subsequent yellow fever work.

Pareja writes to Carter regarding the history of yellow fever in Ecuador. Enclosed is a table showing the annual number of yellow fever cases, from 1880-1919, in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Carter gives his opinion as to whether Hanson should pursue a position with the Peruvian Health Department. He doubts that an African campaign will ever take place.

Carter discusses scientific theories concerning the origins of yellow fever in humans.

Rose reports that the western coast of South American is free from yellow fever. There are still cases of yellow fever in eastern Brazil.

Derivaux reports on work done in the field of acidosis and diabetes. He has done no more work on malaria since going into private practice.

The writer makes recommendations concerning how the International Health Board should handle inquiries concerning the status of yellow fever in various South American countries.

Carter describes his trip to South Carolina, but refuses to make anymore long journeys. He discusses financial affairs and family issues.

Connor discusses the campaign against yellow fever in Mexico, which he plans to finish soon. He thanks Carter for the critique of his manuscript.

Caldwell asks Carter to review a report on the yellow fever campaign in Mexico. He discusses the current situation in the field.

White discusses ongoing mosquito eradication work in Mexico and South America.

Carter reviews, in detail, the "Report of the Yellow Fever Campaign in Second Yellow Fever Zone."

Carter suggests several possible field studies on malaria.

This report discusses the probable origin of yellow fever in Africa.

Russell paraphrases telegrams and letters, enclosing one from White, concerning new yellow fever cases in Mexico and Africa.

White writes that he has been mediating between Connor and Stubbs. He briefly describes the situation in Mexico regarding yellow fever.

Caldwell replies to questions raised by Carter concerning yellow fever outbreaks in Mexico and Africa.

Carter discusses the latest yellow fever outbreak in Mexico. He is also concerned about the new cases in Africa.

Russell discusses yellow fever cases in Grand Bassam and West Africa. French government officials ask for medicine to combat the outbreak.

Pareja discusses the origins of yellow fever in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Comstock describes possible yellow fever cases to Schobinger. All involve foreigners in Brazil. Comstock criticizes the local physicians' attitude and treatment of the cases.

Williams discusses a bulletin that was distributed to educate the public about mosquitoes. He writes about employing a sanitary officer for malaria education.

Farrell is impressed by Carter's suggestions of field experiments for malaria control. He discusses funding issues.

Lombard reports to Cumming on a possible yellow fever case involving the death of a Spanish sailor at Mobile, Alabama.

The Mexico City correspondent comments on new yellow fever cases.

Carter critiques the tentative requirements for impounding water to prevent the production of malaria which were sent to him by Hazlehurst. He discusses the costs of malaria prevention measures. He comments on the ideas of LePrince and Griffitts.

Carter reports on his survey of McDowell Creek to determine the presence of malaria bearing mosquitoes and the effect of the proposed Mountain Island Pond on the production of these mosquitoes. Carter believes a survey needs to be repeated after the creation of the pond.

Kelly solicits corrections or clarifications for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“

[Kelly] requests information for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“

McCaw writes about memorials to Walter Reed, including the U.S. Army hospital in Washington, D.C.

Bauvallet reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine to treat yellow fever cases in Bassam, Ivory Coast.

Bauvallet reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine to treat yellow fever cases in Bassam, Ivory Coast.

Noguchi thanks Howland for Comstock's letter and comments on the fever cases in Brazil.

This is a detailed clinical report from Africa, which describes a case of yellow fever in which the patient died. Included is a detailed description of the treatment program and the autopsy record.

[Carter] sends Fisher information on impounded waters. He comments on the malaria and mosquito situation in North and South Carolina.

Rose requests Carter's opinion on an alleged yellow fever case.

[Carter] discusses an alleged case of yellow fever. He believes that a quarantine should be instituted for safety's sake.

This is a detailed clinical report from Africa, which describes a case of yellow fever in which the patient recovered.

[Hackett's] report to the International Health Board traces the history of yellow fever in Ceara, Brazil. The report includes mortality records and clinical records of cases among Americans and Europeans.

[Carter] comments on alleged yellow fever cases in Ceara, Brazil.

Carter discusses his connection to the work of Reed's Yellow Fever Commission. Carter maintains that Reed informed him that the direction taken by the Yellow Fever Commission, in Cuba, was inspired by his early work with yellow fever.

Denno describes the unusual yellow fever case of seaman John Cose. Denno would like Noguchi to examine Cose in New York.

Connor reports on yellow fever in Mexico. He suspects a Caribbean epidemic spreading from Brazil.

[Laura Carter] sends Cumming a list of Henry Carter's articles at the Army Medical Museum.

White comments on the unusual yellow fever case of seaman Cose. White reports on the Mexican yellow fever work.

Pareja informs Carter that he has never seen a case of espiroquetosis ictero-hemorrhagica (Weil's Disease) in Guayaquil.

Washburn describes the history of yellow fever epidemics in Jamaica, discussing the higher mortality rate for European military troops and treatments used prior to knowledge of the source of yellow fever.

Flannagan submits a paper to The American Magazine's essay contest on the seven greatest Americans and names Carter as the fifth great American for his contributions to public health.

Earle describes the history of yellow fever in Puerto Rico prior to the American occupation and includes a table with a summary of deaths due to yellow fever in various years.

Carter describes locations where yellow fever is present and discusses the chance of the disease spreading to non-infected areas of the world, mainly by ship.

This is a detailed report on yellow fever work in Mexico. Topics discussed include: the history of yellow fever in the area, recent epidemics and public health efforts at mosquito control and vaccination.

Noguchi reports to Denno on the unusual yellow fever case of seaman Cose. He believes Cose did not have yellow fever and asks for clinical records on the case.

Noguchi reports to Denno on the physical examination of the suspected yellow fever case, John Cose.

Connal will send information on yellow fever cases to Noguchi.

Coello reports on cases of hemorrhagic jaundice in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

[Carter] discusses malaria infections missed by careful blood examination.

Long sends Coello's report on hemorrhagic jaundice in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.

Connor reports extensively on the yellow fever campaign in Mexico.

Carter inquires about Weil's Disease (Leptospirosis ictero-hemorrhagica) in Guayaquil, Peru.

Noguchi gives his opinion on a possible infectious jaundice case in Guayaquil, and requests clinical data.

El Estado Sanitario

Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.

Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.

Hanson informs Carter that he has settled in Jacksonville, Florida and has started his own practice. He discusses an alleged case of Weil's Disease in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Rose sends Carter clinical reports on possible yellow fever cases in Africa. The letter contains Carter's autograph notes. [Note: date may be in error; may be 1924, since enclosures sent with it date from March-Sept. 1923]

Noguchi discusses an Ecuadorean fever case that might be yellow fever.

Read sends Carter Noguchi's letter concerning a possible Ecuadorean yellow fever case.

Miller reports on a possible yellow fever outbreak in Colombia.

White agrees with Carter on handling endemic situations. He sends Carter a letter from Avila describing a possible yellow fever case, which he thinks is a false diagnosis.

Read writes to Carter about fever cases in Guayaquil and Colombia.

Carter informs Russell about a possible yellow fever epidemic in Colombia.

Pareja discusses fever cases in Guayaquil and emphatically denies that they are yellow fever.

Darling discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos, Nigeria.

Darling discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos, Nigeria.

The writer reports on progress in yellow fever work. Pathology, mortality, sanitation measures, epidemiology and the locations of recent outbreaks are all mentioned.

Howard provides information to Carter on appropriate Latin terms used to reference the “yellow fever mosquito.”

The medical record for Hanney describes his serum treatment for yellow fever and subsequent death.

White describes the use of yellow fever serum in one of his patients who subsequently died.

Carter critiques [Emmett Vaughan's] article on yellow fever.

Sweet discusses the introduction of mosquitoes to Hawaii in 1829 and the prevalence of fever there.

[Carter] inquires about the Committee on Resolutions, subcommittee for the National Malaria Committee.

Carter returns comments on Vaughn's article to Russell, and discusses his comments.

Noguchi discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos, Nigeria.

Pettman is nearly out of yellow fever vaccine. He describes the case of an Italian who died of yellow fever and lists yellow fever deaths among whites in the Gold Coast.

Connal discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos.

Rice describes hemorrhaging in pregnant women and children associated with dengue fever.

[Carter] writes corrections for another person's manuscript concerning yellow fever and dengue.

Carter writes Beato for information about malignant fevers occurring in Cuba in 1620.

[Carter] writes that he believes Cucuta and Bucaramanga, Colombia form a permanent focus for yellow fever. He believes that both areas require mosquito control programs.

Russell sends Carter letters and a medical record concerning West African yellow fever cases and asks for his comments.

The letter fragment referencing “Maya Chronicles,” is written in both Mayan and English.

The Vice Consul of the British Consulate General writes to inform Rose of a fatal case of yellow fever occurring in Sekondi, Gold Coast.

Noguchi has reviewed the letters and reports that Russell sent him regarding the use of serum vaccine for yellow fever in West Africa and believes the serum to be beneficial.

Carter writes that he has read Veldee's article on the splenic index relation to malaria. He suggests other publications on that topic.

Noguchi suspects a case of yellow fever in Africa was really Weil's disease.

Noguchi offers his opinion about a fatal case of yellow fever occurring in West Africa and the use of the yellow fever serum and vaccine.

Russell sends Carter copies of three letters written by Hideyo Noguchi regarding yellow fever vaccine and serum, and post mortem findings on a suspected yellow fever death.

Hanson writes Russell about his trip along the Magdalena River in Colombia in preparation for a clean up campaign to try and halt the spread of yellow fever.

Hanson relates his belief that yellow fever is moving from the Colombian interior towards the coast by river and states that the clean up campaign will need to be expanded and will require considerable funds if it is to be effective.

Pothier sends White his final report on the 1923 Yellow Fever Commission inspection tour of Colombia. He describes travel, meetings with government officials, and incidence of yellow fever and mosquitoes. A series of appended documents [two in Spanish] discuss preparations for the trip, the suspected epidemic in Bucaramanga, individual yellow fever cases, and further details of the tour.

Richardson sends Connor a report describing an ongoing investigation into a death in Colima, Mexico, that initially received a post mortem diagnosis of yellow fever.

Connor writes Russell about the probable ongoing presence of yellow fever in the Bucaramanga-Cucuta area of Colombia and the likelihood that it has been unrecognized for some time.

Connor sends the International Health Board copies of two reports filed about the case of Luis Villalobos Corona and explains that a railroad strike may delay the arrival of additional reports, but that Frederick R. Russell has been carried the liver section to the United States.

Carter responds to questions from Maxcy regarding the blood index of malaria and problems with blood examination tests based on data from various scientists addressing these issues.

Washburn writes Howard that he is sending him a paper about yellow fever in Jamaica.

Earle writes Howard about data referred to in his enclosed report, Yellow Fever in Puerto Rico.

Hanson sends three cables from Bucaramanga about the yellow fever investigation and his travel plans.

Stevenel's article describes case histories and blood examinations that confirm outbreaks of endemic spirochetosis, concluding this could be the cause of outbreaks of disease similar to yellow fever in the Ivory Coast area.

Russell sends Carter medical reports and asks for his opinion on a case that was diagnosed as yellow fever ante mortem.

Carter responds to Russell's reports and letters that describe Luis Villalobos Corona's illness and post mortem appearance. Carter states that he does not know the cause of death, but believes it is unlikely to be yellow fever.

[Carter] thanks Russell for sending him a translation of an article by Stevenel about the spirochetosis observed in the Ivory Coast.

[Carter] discusses theories and scientific studies on immunization from malaria by quinine and on the blood supplies of particular types of mosquitoes.

Welch invites Carter to speak on the early history of malaria in the western hemisphere at the annual meeting of the National Malaria Committee in Washington, D.C.

Connal sends pathological specimens from another possible African yellow fever case. He thanks Russell for consulting with Noguchi and Darling concerning the previous case.

Carter discusses diseases similar to yellow fever. He suspects Cucuta, Colombia is a yellow fever focal point. He comments on the origins of yellow fever.

This review of Kelly's book was never published. Kean believed a staff member who was a Carroll propagandist suppressed it. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hanson describes the ongoing yellow fever work in Colombia. He believes an outbreak is still possible, although there have been no confirmed cases. There has been extensive dengue fever in Barranquilla.

Moore submits a case history and post-mortem report on a Nigerian who died of a fever.

Muench summarizes data that he collected on yellow fever in the Guianas. He mentions the great ignorance or diffidence displayed by the sanitary authorities.

Macphail gives Murphy some history on the man who died of malaria shortly after leaving a ship in Havana.

Lebredo states that the sick man from a steamship who was taken to Las Animas Hospital died of malaria.

Daniel states that Las Animas Hospital confirmed the suspected case of malaria on board a steamship.

Froes's article concerns the etiology of yellow fever.

Noguchi's article concerns the Pfeiffer reaction as evidence of a yellow fever infection.

Vaughn describes possible yellow fever cases in Stann Creek, British Honduras. He includes fever charts of one case.

Wanstrom's article concerns the inoculation of guinea pigs with Leptospira icteroides.

Moseley's bibliography, sent to Carter by Noble, lists 18th and early 19th century articles about tropical medicine.

Deeks sends Read correspondence related to a case of suspected malaria on board a ship. He says that the diagnosis was verified by blood examination.

Read states that a suspected case of malaria on board a steamship was confirmed by blood examination. She sends Carter copies of correspondence received from Deeks related to the case.

White expresses his relief that Carter's health has improved. He requests a photo and copies of some of Carter's publications for a Brazilian official.

Russell writes that he would like Carter to meet Balfour.

[Carter] responds to a report on yellow fever outbreaks in the Guianas.

Read refers to investigations made in connection with yellow fever in the Gold Coast, Africa.

Read writes about a memorandum on the epidemiology of yellow fever in West Africa.

Noguchi discusses his leptospira work in Brazil.

Fricks details his malaria investigation in the southern United States.

Heiser inquires about the desirability of having a definite identification made of the stegomyia mosquitoes in Asia.

Russell writes about field work in Brazil and suggests a possible yellow fever re-infection of Africa by way of Brazil. He encloses a documents from Strode concerning yellow fever, and refers to a letter from White [noted by Russell as enclosed but not with this group of documents.]

Heiser thanks Carter for answering his questions in regards to collecting mosquitoes in Asia.

Read comments on the second section of Henry Carter's book on yellow fever.

[Carter] writes about the insect vector disease theory and about the controversy between Carlos Finlay and Walter Reed.

[Carter] writes about the conveyance of yellow fever between Africa and Brazil.

Fricks reports on malaria investigations conducted in the southern United States.

Lamborn sends Carter a notice of his payment of membership dues to the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London.

Boyd refers to two excerpts from Goeldis' theory on the African origin of Stegomyia fasciata.

[Carter] thanks Fricks for a reference. [Carter] explains his health and discusses how important it is that he completes his work on Section III of the History of Yellow Fever so that other scientists can work forward from his conclusions.

Baekland acknowledges Kean's work in the warfare against the mosquito in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Muller's pathology report on West African fever cases include tentative diagnoses.

Barber sends Carter copies of articles on malaria. LePrince reports that mosquito control on the Mexican border is going well.

Carter believes that there has been no yellow fever in the Asia. He discusses the exportation of yellow fever by ship.

[Carter] discusses the nature of the fever at Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Muller sends Russell the pathology reports from West African fever cases.

[Carter?] summarizes the progress of the work against yellow fever, considering the factors of pathology, mosquito control, and the causative organism.

Fricks reports on malaria investigations in the southern United States. He details laboratory work, epidemiological studies, and impounded water investigations.

Read requests that Carter destroy a flawed autopsy report. She sends him a substitute.

Connor describes an unknown fever in Dutch Guiana. He discusses the prevalence of Aedes stegomyia and the types of water storage used in the area.

Laura Armistead Carter transcribes a conversation between Henry Rose Carter, Thayer, and Parker, which shows how Carter's data on extrinsic incubation assisted Lazear and Reed in reaching the decision to test the theory of mosquito transmission. Carter also discusses the contributions of Finlay and others to this theory.

Carter comments on Muhlens' paper about regional variations in the mosquito's relation to the malaria parasite.

Noble sends Carter Moseley's bibliography of articles about tropical medicine.

Vaughn discusses possible yellow fever cases in British Honduras. He encloses a copy of his report.

Darling discusses pneumonia in South Africa and its transmission. He mentions the recent malaria conference and the paper that he presented.

Hoffman expresses sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.

[Carter] critiques Deeks' manuscript on malaria. He discusses the use of quinine and anti-mosquito methods.

Carter discusses life in Virginia, between 1865 and 1870.

Carter's obituary describes his many accomplishments, lists his publications, and compares Carter, Reed, and Gorgas, to famous soldiers, jurists, and statesmen of Virginia.

This resolution expresses the sorrow of the organization at Carter's passing and acknowledges Carter's intellectual ability, leadership and personal qualities, as well as his enormous contributions to the field of public health.

Background of Events [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

Kean, in his review of the book about William Crawford Gorgas written by Marie D. Gorgas and Burton J. Hendrick, clarifies many false claims that credit Gorgas for the cleaning up of Cuba. Moreover, Kean states that Gorgas was very slow to accept the mosquito theory and that his role in France during World War I was not nearly as great as what was portrayed by the book. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This editorial concerns Marie Gorgas' biography of her husband. The editor comments on the claims made concerning Gorgas' yellow fever work.

Havard recalls Gorgas' hesitance in accepting the conclusions of the Reed commission and his continuance of the expensive disinfection of fomites. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Scannell discusses the mud puddle breeding of mosquitoes in Africa. He is confident that the yellow fever work in Africa will succeed.

[Carter] inquires about and describes the disease "o bicho" found in Venezuela and Brazil.

Ransom reports that Carter has been named honorary president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine.

Lorente believes the restrictions on commerce between Peru and Ecuador were based on unfounded rumors of yellow fever in northern Peru, and that such rumors should be substantiated before being acted upon in future.

Carr refers to the diseases O Bicho and Schistomiasis Mansonii.

Background of Events

This account details expenses incurred for stenography, typing, office supplies, and taxi fares to the Library of Congress.

Sullivan wants Wood to make corrections to his manuscript on the history of the United States, in particular with any reference he makes to William Crawford Gorgas. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

LePrince describes the work of Fisher in Alabama and compares it with work in Virginia. He includes diagrams.

White wants Henry Rose Carter to review two cases that present some symptoms of yellow fever, but present other symptoms that make him doubt that diagnosis.

Russell encloses copies of letters regarding rumors of yellow fever in northern Peru.

Russell sends a copy of a letter describing a suspected death from yellow fever in Parnahyba, Brazil, and asks her to determine if it merits Henry Rose Carter's attention.

Carter describes malaria and living conditions in Virginia after the Civil War.

Barber discusses his upcoming personal and professional plans.

Hanson informs Carter that he plans to go to Africa to fight yellow fever.

Noguchi comments on the importance of determining mosquito infectivity and possible animal immunity in experiments on mosquito transmission of yellow fever in animals.

Griffitts discusses his new job and expresses admiration for Carter as a friend and mentor.

Russell encloses a letter from Noguchi about the transmission of yellow fever.

Carter explains that her father's health is not good, but that he was able to put in a full month of work in July so that his History of Yellow Fever will be ready for a final revision.

Carr expresses his admiration for Henry Carter.

Health Authority Held Office Here

Wood asks Kean to check over his memorandum regarding yellow fever in Cuba for any errors or inaccuracies. Wood wants to make sure proper credit is given to Havard and Kean for their work in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Wood sends his memorandum of the Sullivan manuscript to Kean for corrections. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Ferrell offers his condolences on the death of Henry Carter. He expresses appreciation for Henry Carter's work and his humanity.

Dr. H.R. Carter Dead; Fought Yellow Fever

Dr. Henry R. Carter, Sanitarian, Dies

That “Seeketh Not Its Own”

Dr. Carter, Yellow Fever Expert Dies

Thompson expresses sympathy for the death of Henry Carter.

Ravenel does not agree that Carter's work led Reed to investigate into mosquito transmission of yellow fever, pointing to earlier contributions to the theory by Nott and Finlay.

[Cumpston?] reports that Carter's paper, presented at the Pan-Pacific Congress, has been published.

Carter refutes Ravenel's suggestion that Henry Rose Carter did not influence Reed's decision to investigate the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever and encloses documents to support this position.

Cater supplies information suggesting that Henry Rose Carter had speculated about the mosquito transmission theory when he was sick with yellow fever in [1897].

His Race with Death Won by Last of the Yellow Fever Pioneers [From the Henry Rose Carter Papers]

Carter writes about the French Debt Commission and states that she disagrees with some of Ravenel's article on her father but she appreciates the spirit in which it was written.

Frost writes a lengthy document providing details about the life and achievements of Henry Rose Carter. He argues that Carter was the foremost figure in the development of quarantine and the management of epidemics, that his studies of the incubation period of yellow fever was the most notable every made in non-experimental epidemiology, and that his indefatigable studies into yellow fever led to his mastery of the subject as evidenced in his book, The History of Yellow Fever.

This pamphlet describes the yellow fever experiments as one of the greatest detective stories of all time. The villain of yellow fever was the mosquito and fomites were proven innocent. The term, executing the sentence, is used to describe the campaign to rid Cuba of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter thanks Russell for sending the letter quoting Dr. Andrew Balfour's reference to Henry Rose Carter and informs Russell that her editing work on the History of Yellow Fever is only in its preliminary stages.

Thayer discusses the influence of Carter's and Finlay's work on Reed and Lazear.

Carter makes notes about Henry Rose Carter's theory of extrinsic incubation and Wade Hampton Frost's editing work on the History of Yellow Fever.

Griswold sends Carter three new entries from the book of Chilan Balam of Tizimin regarding the illness brought to the Americas by the Spaniards and states that Henry Rose Carter did not see these references.

Morley sends Carter three new entries from the book of Chilan Balam of Tizimin that he is certain Henry Rose Carter never saw. The entries imply yellow fever arrived with the Spanish.

Carter describes her progress on Henry Rose Carter's History of Yellow Fever and asks about reimbursement for expenses she has incurred in her research.

Weckerly asks Carter to reimburse Johnson for his preliminary work on the maps for the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter plans on sending a check to Johnson for his work on the maps for the History of Yellow Fever and wonders when Morley will supply his maps for the manuscript. She comments that her health remains poor.

Carter provides bibliographical references to Henry Rose Carter's published articles.

Laura Carter sends Welch quotations expressing Henry Carter's final conclusions on L. icteroides.

Frost describes the pace of his editing work on Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter provides bibliographical references to Henry Rose Carter's published articles.

Kean discovers in his diaries that Porter, at a Pan American Sanitary Congress, cast a dissenting vote against the statement that the stegomyia fasciata was the only known cause of yellow fever.[Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean rejects Nelson's article on the grounds of inaccuracies. Kean informs him of the Walter Reed Memorial Association's work and Peabody's efforts to lobby Congress for pension increases for the survivors.

The writer corrects the date of the commencement of mosquito eradication in Havana.

Russell writes about Carter's plans with Wade Hampton Frost and comments on the death of Adrian Stokes.

Kean informs Agramonte that he would like to publish his recollections of the yellow fever experiments in "The Military Surgeon."

Agramonte confidentially tells Kean of his and Noguchi's scientific disagreements. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Kean's] speech, delivered at Belroi, praises the achievements of Reed and the Reed Commission. [Kean] also discusses the sanitary efforts achieved by Gorgas in eradicating yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Russell suggests Carter consider working part-time on the editing of the History of Yellow Fever in order to preserve her strength and make her labors more rewarding. He also mentions that his work in West Africa is proving Henry Rose Carter's theory that yellow fever developed in Africa and spread into the New World.

Russell writes about current work on yellow fever, mentioning Dunn, Klotz, Beeuwkes, Noguchi and Carter. He discusses Carter's belief that yellow fever came to the Americas with slaves from West Africa.

Kean expresses his continued interest in the status of yellow fever investigations, experimentation on monkeys, and Carter's book on the history of yellow fever.

Kean mentions the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace and ongoing yellow fever work. He offers his opinion on the Reed-Finlay debate.

New Honor For A Heroic Army Doctor

Sawyer acknowledges receiving Carter's letter and check and expresses sympathy for her illness.

Carter is back at work on Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever on a half-time basis.

Sawyer plans to inform the Comptroller about Carter's half-time return to work.

Taylor gives a history of Ancon Hospital in Panama and the reasons why so many patients were infected with yellow fever. Taylor states that Gorgas was entirely responsible for the cleaning up of the hospitals and the Panama environs, and suggests that the name of Ancon Hospital be changed to the General Gorgas Hospital. A biographical sketch of Gorgas is included.

Russell suggests that Carter should find an assistant to help her with her work on the History of Yellow Fever manuscript.

De Niedman offers his recollections of yellow fever work in Cuba, including investigations of Sanarelli's bacillus and sanitary measures undertaken.

Carter reports that she is working steadily on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and is preparing to work at the Library of Congress to track down bibliographic references.

In response to her request, Farnum sends Carter a library card permitting her access to areas of the stacks of the Library of Congress that will be of assistance in her work.

Carter thanks Putnam and his staff for providing her with a library card that will allow her access to the shelves of the Library of Congress.

Russell refers to questions and a statement concerning yellow fever published in "The Tropical Diseases Bulletin," March 1928. He cites the work and writing of Carter as having proven yellow fever can be eliminated without knowing its causal organism.

Russell expresses delight that Carter is back at work on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and sends her reprints of recent work on yellow fever in West Africa that confirms Henry Rose Carter's theory that yellow fever originally came out of Africa.

Carter describes her health and her work on the bibliography of the History of Yellow Fever. She asks if her arrangement with her assistant is satisfactory to Russell.

Frost believes that the entire History of Yellow Fever should be published at one time as each section builds on the previous section.

Kean sends Agramonte a Congressional committee report on the yellow fever pension bill and gives his opinion in regards to compensation amounts. Kean also comments on the Rockefeller Foundation yellow fever work in West Africa.

Carter provides specific details about the financial arrangement regarding Brown's assistance on the manuscript for the History of Yellow Fever.

This document recounts the speech given by Kean at the dedication of Belroi, the birthplace of Walter Reed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Russell thanks Carter for her recent letters and tells her of the death of Hideyo Noguchi and the occurrence of yellow fever in Brazil.

Carter discusses her work at the Library of Congress and expresses regret at the death of Noguchi and others working on the eradication of yellow fever throughout the world.

Carter updates Russell on progress she and Brown have made on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and sends regards to Russell from Thayer.

Carter explains her work on the bibliography for the History of Yellow and will update Russell on incidental expenses. Carter's illnesses have also caused her to spend from the savings Henry Rose Carter left her.

Carter describes the considerable progress on the bibliography and that the Library of Congress staff is helpful. She also asks if Russell has any information about Noguchi's death.

Russell responds to Carter's inquiry about Noguchi's death in West Africa and tells her of the yellow fever deaths of Dr. Young and Dr. Stokes, stating that they were likely to have occurred from laboratory work inoculating animals in Africa.

Carter states that the bibliographical work at the Library of Congress is about finished and describes the generous amount of time Brown has donated to the project.

Farnum sends Carter a library card that will permit her to take certain books out of the Library of Congress for her research.

Carter describes the offers of assistance she has received from Col. Ashburn and Dr. Thayer and praises Brown's considerable efforts.

Russell asks Carter for an approximate idea of when her work will be completed.

Carter wants to meet with Frost before she can inform Russell of an approximate completion date.

Carter and Frost, after meeting to discuss a time frame for completing the manuscript, believe it will be ready some time in November. Carter compliments Brown for her dedication to the project.

Kean corrects an error in a Post editorial stating that an American scientist found the yellow fever germ. Kean points out that Reed demonstrated that yellow fever was spread by a particular variety of mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

[Carter] asks Connor to confirm citations of publications that he has authored in order to verify these references for Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

[Carter] writes Hanson requesting verification of references to his work.

Carter describes the considerable hours she and Brown are putting in at the Library of the Surgeon General of the Army despite the fact that she has had tooth extractions.

Carter and Brown continue to work on the bibliography for the History of Yellow Fever despite the brutal Washington, D.C. heat.

Russell congratulates Carter on the progress of her work and mentions an outbreak of yellow fever in Rio.

[Carter] asks if Russell can supply bibliographical references to unpublished reports of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation.

[Carter] writes LePrince to ask for his input on the bibliography to the History of Yellow Fever.

Hanson attempts to answer Carter's questions about various medical references and describes his work in Florida on malaria outbreaks.

LePrince responds to Carter's request for verification of various references.

Carter and Brown continue to work intensively. Carter asks Russell to track down additional references that may be found in reports of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation.

LePrince and Carter offer suggestions for the control of malaria on the plantations of the United Fruit Company.

Carter suggests that Brown's salary be continued through October even though Brown has offered to work for free. She also thanks Russell for facilitating repayments of advances that she and Henry Rose Carter made towards Theodore Hayne's medical education as the work and her health have affected her finances adversely.

Russell informs Carter that someone in his organization tracked down some of the references Carter asked about and is writing her separately with the information.

Frost sends information Carter can use to verify references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter informs Russell that she has delivered the completed medical references for the History of Yellow Fever to Frost, although there are still a few references that she and Brown will continue to try to verify. She thanks Russell for the extension of Brown's salary through October and applauds Brown's dedication to the project.

Carter writes Frost about bibliographical references to the History of Yellow Fever manuscript.

This memorandum functions as an appendix to references Carter has previously sent to Frost.

Carter tells Russell that she has met with Frost to clarify the remaining references that need to be verified.

Frost writes Carter about references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter sends a list of bibliographical references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter reports that she and Brown remain hard at work writing to individuals who may be able to help them track down a few elusive references.

Carter explains the collaborative work she and Frost are doing to edit Henry Rose Carter's manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and asks for Stephens' assistance with some references for the book.

[Carter] supplies additional references she has tracked down for the History of Yellow Fever regarding early epidemics that may have been yellow fever.

Carter continues to track down references for quotations, particularly dealing with Mayan references for the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter's draft of a letter states that she is investigating references and working diligently on the project.

Carter informs Frost about the aegypti mosquito eggs, her work tracking down references, and her desire to make sure all the references in the bibliography conform with one another for the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter anticipates completing her work at the same time that Frost completes his work.

Carter and Brown are working hard to keep up with Frost's timeline for completion of the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Howard sends Carter a reference from the Bulletin of Entomological Research about the breeding of the yellow fever mosquito that he believes she will find helpful.

Carter reports about a few final references she is working on as well as the possibility of filling in some maps for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter informs Kean of Henry Rose Carter's dates of service in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Russell offers Carter a suggestion on tracking down a particular reference.

Carter writes about her success in locating a particularly elusive reference.

Carter thanks Howard for sending her a reference from the Bulletin of Entomological Research and updates him on her progress.

Howard is happy to help Carter and encourages her to consult him for further assistance.

Carter reports on the progress she and Brown have made and discuss some early Italian navigational references that they are still working on.

Stephens is having difficulty tracking down some references for Carter, but is still trying to get an answer for her.

Carter reports success with the early Italian references and discusses the progress of her work.

Carter writes about mutual friends and about her work on the History of Yellow Fever.

Hoffman asks that he be sent copies of certain reports published by the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carter writes up notes from a talk with Morley about maps, illustrations, and photographs for the History of Yellow Fever. Reference is also made to Spanish and English translations from the Book of Chilan Balam of Tizimin that Morley has supplied to Carter.

Carter plans to work through the Christmas holidays.

Carter's memorandum details information provided by Morley for outline maps for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and also discusses Mayan references.

Carter thanks Morley for meeting with her in Washington to provide assistance with Mayan references for the History of Yellow Fever and asks him to send her more information when he gets to Mexico.

Carter plans on spending the Christmas holiday working on the manuscript at the Frost home in Baltimore.

Hoffman describes his efforts to track down an Investigation Report of the Yellow Fever Commission at Carter's request.

Carter thanks Hoffman for his efforts to obtain a copy of a report by the Yellow Fever Commission that is necessary to verify a reference.

Carter writes about the final work that she and Brown are completing before Carter leaves for Baltimore and comments on the providence that connected her with someone as capable and dedicated as Brown.

Russell states that he has enjoyed Carter's weekly letters about her progress and thanks Carter and Brown for their efforts.

Ashburn's speech to an audience of student nurses is an overview of Reed's life and work. The piece includes an excerpt from the Surgeon General's report, 1900.

Carter and Frost spend Christmas working on bibliographical references for the History of Yellow Fever manuscript. Carter renews her borrowing privileges at the Library of Congress so that she and Brown can keep working efficiently together.

Carter informs Frost that she has duplicated bibliographic references for the manuscript, but that the flu has slowed her efforts.

Carter is sick with the flu, but she continues to work on the revision of bibliographical references for the History of Yellow Fever at home.

Carter is restructuring the bibliographic references to the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever according to Frost's suggestion.

Carter is returning bibliographic cards to Frost and explains how she has organized quotes and references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter reports on the progress made on the retyping and reorganization of bibliographical references to the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Russell writes that he cannot locate the report she requested.

Carter describes her progress and the assistance she has received tracking down references for the History of Yellow Fever manuscript.

Carter updates Russell on the progress being made on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Report recognizes the public service rendered by Walter Reed and those associated with him in the discovery of the cause and means of transmission of yellow fever. It also contains a statement regarding the pensions being provided to persons named in the bill, in particular widows, Agramonte, and the yellow fever volunteers. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter updates Russell on the continued progress she and Brown have made redoing bibliographical reference cards in accordance with Frost's suggestions.

Carter writes that she spent time with Frost in Baltimore going over references and describes the Johns Hopkins University Commemoration Day exercises that she attended.

Roberts informs Carter that according to Library of Congress records, her borrowing privileges have ended and asks for the return of certain volumes.

Carter is finished with the revisions and retyping of the bibliographic references for the History of Yellow Fever manuscript.

Frost wants to schedule a time to meet to go over Carter's final bibliographic revisions.

Carter points out that Roberts himself renewed her borrowing privileges for 1929. She also informs Roberts that she has kept no volumes out longer than the period afforded her by the Library of Congress.

Carter is available to meet with Frost at any time and states that she and Brown continue to try to find incomplete bibliographical references.

Carter updates Russell on her work and asks if Wakeman, a doctor with the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation, died of yellow fever in West Africa.

Russell states that Wakeman's death was mistakenly attributed to yellow fever by the newspapers.

Carter discusses her work on references and Frost's work on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever in anticipation of the completed product.

This document lists individuals involved in the yellow fever experiments. [Kean] inserts handwritten corrections to the document. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter waits for Frost to get back to his work on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever. Carter and Brown continue to turn up a few of the more elusive references for the book.

[Carter] discusses her concerns about unfinished maps for the completed manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter waits to hear from Frost about finalizing work on the manuscript and continues to work on bibliographical references for the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter informs Russell that she expects to leave for Baltimore to continue work with Frost very soon.

Carter writes Russell, on the eve of a trip to Baltimore, about various loose ends she hopes to address with Frost regarding the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter reports that she and Frost made determinations about the use of maps and the establishment of an alphabetical list of geographic references for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter updates Russell on progress made on the geographic lists for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter is unable to work on the book until Frost returns from England in August. While he is away, she will try and address loose ends.

Carter expresses how heartbreaking the delays on the editing of the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever have been, but is hopeful the work will be completed by the end of the summer.

Blanton asks for information regarding mosquitoes and yellow fever epidemics in Virginia for his research on the history of medicine in Virginia.

[Carter] writes Russell about a final meeting with Frost before he leaves the country, and describes work she needs to do on Photostats and maps before Frost returns.

Carter is interested in Blanton's planned medical history of Virginia and although her father's manuscript does not cover the time period Blanton is interested in, she answers as many questions as she can.

Russell explains Frost will resume work on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever in early August.

Carter is back in Washington, D.C. and is ready to resume work as soon as Frost calls her. She describes work she accomplished during her vacation on the outline maps for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Kean lists the yellow fever experiment participants included in the Roll of Honor.

Hewitt writes about the 1878 New Orleans yellow fever outbreak and Carter's work on the transmission of yellow fever.

Carter does not see the need to provide weekly updates as she is still waiting for Frost to resume work on the manuscript. She also fills him in on her activities since early August.

England compiles a list of medical officers on duty at Camp Columbia and places check marks by the names of individuals he is certain were involved with yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter explains the supplementary work she is doing on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever as she waits to hear from Frost about when he can resume work.

[Carter] talks about the maps that have been prepared for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Russell thanks Carter for her progress reports and states that he is hopeful that Frost will be able to complete his work on the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever in the near future.

Carter discusses Frost's final editing of the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and her hope that the book might be completed and published early the next year.

Carter is keeping certain materials Frost sent her because she understands he doesn't need them back until she next visits him.

Carter is eager to see the completion of the final editing of the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and explains that her sole focus is the publication of the book.

Carter inquires if the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation can track down a reference involving Michael E. Connor.

Carter thanks Frost for a reference and expresses her enthusiasm that the final copy of the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever is being typed.

[Carter] asks Spinden to provide the page numbers of Mayan source references to verify historical statements made in the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Frost sends material that Carter requested and updates her on progress on the final typing of the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter thanks Reed for the assistance she has provided and asks Reed to supply correct names to be used in the bibliography of the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter tries to determine what artifacts and materials about Henry Rose Carter would be appropriate for the Historical Medical Museum.

Carter wonders where to send the bills for maps prepared for the History of Yellow Fever.

Carter understands that the African section of the manuscript, which was written by Henry Rose Carter during his failing health, requires considerable editing.

[Carter] provides a list of people whose assistance should be acknowledged at the beginning of the History of Yellow Fever.

[Carter] wonders if she has sent Frost a carbon copy of a letter from Henry Rose Carter to Guiteras and encloses a list of acknowledgments for the History of Yellow Fever.

[Frost] sends carbons of typed manuscript chapters from the History of Yellow Fever.

[Carter] suggests that Frost be the sole editor of the History of Yellow Fever as he has ensured that the book will be published according to Henry Rose Carter's wishes. She also discusses the acknowledgment of Brown's contributions.

Carter wishes to keep page 5, Section 1 of the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever as her father had written it without adding footnotes, but defers to Frost's judgment about maintaining historical accuracy.

Frost explains that he has omitted the footnotes in question, and instead included an Editor's Note discussing the implications of more recent research.

Carter sends Frost bills she has received for the maps and thanks him for the Editor's Note for Section I of the book.

Carter expresses her joy that the manuscript is being sent to the publisher and conveys her gratitude to Frost for his labor of love.

Carter requests copies of the bibliography and library cards used for the manuscript of the History of Yellow Fever and thanks Frost for the generous acknowledgement of Brown's outstanding work in the preface of the book.

Carter thanks Frost for sending her a copy of the bibliography so quickly, and compliments him on the Table of Contents of the History of Yellow Fever.

[Carter] encloses a check for Burnham's work on the maps for the History of Yellow Fever.

Laura Armistead Carter and Wade Hampton Frost edited Henry Rose Carter's book on yellow fever. It is divided into three main sections: the epidemiology of yellow fever; diseases which have, or might have, been confused with yellow fever in the past; and the place of the origin of yellow fever. Carter concludes that biological as well as historical evidence favors an African origin of yellow fever.

[Carter] answers Seward's questions about Henry Rose Carter and provides information about obtaining a photograph of Carter.

A biographical sketch, with corrections [by Laura Armistead Carter?], describes H.R. Carter's family, education, career, and character.

This script briefly covers major historical accounts of yellow fever including stories of the Flying Dutchman, the Philadelphia epidemic, and the building of the Panama Canal. The document also addresses the heroic experiments performed on human volunteers to discover that mosquitoes transmitted yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The document outlines the method, findings, and conclusions of the inquiry into the early history of yellow fever.

Daughter Carries on Father's Work

A bibliography composed by Laura Carter lists H.R. Carter's yellow fever articles.

Laura Carter sends Seward a copy of Frost's notes on Henry Rose Carter. [not enclosed] She describes her father's opinions of Strobel's, Nott's and Bell's yellow fever research and encloses a list of Carter's yellow fever articles.

This letter states that Pinto's share in the experiments had little or no value, and he should not be included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter thanks Ravenel for his review of the History of Yellow Fever.

Lopez-Silvero requests a photograph of Henry Rose Carter for an article to be published in Carter's memory in the Revista Medica Farmaceutica.

Russell asks Carter for a photograph of Henry Rose Carter for an article in the Panamerican Medical Association.

Hanson looks forward to seeing Carter when he is in Birmingham for a meeting of the Southern Medical Association, the National Malaria Committee, and the American Society of Tropical Medicine.

Carter lists twenty-two articles he wrote on yellow fever and malaria. Attached is a handwritten note by Laura Armistead Carter.

Cox's lecture includes a biography of Walter Reed and a detailed description of the yellow fever experiments.

Hudson sends Emilie Lawrence Reed a program from the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine. He invites her to attend the meeting, where she will be presented with the Walter Reed medal.

Kean describes the 1900 Havana Finlay-Reed dinner, which celebrated the conclusive proof of Finlay's theory by Reed's work. He feels that Finlay has not received a fair share of the credit.

Moran sends Hench extensive notes describing locations, personalities, and other details of the yellow fever experiments and commenting on the actions and attitudes of the Cuban government regarding a Lazear memorial location.

Hench questions Moran about the yellow fever experiments.

Kean is eager to meet with Hench to discuss yellow fever work.

Kean answers Hench's questions regarding the yellow fever experiments.

Hench explains that he is trying to get Lazear his share of the credit.

Summary of Hench's research, with various autograph notes, memorandum, and addendum.

Castro describes a 1904 history of Las Animas Hospital, by Barnet and Guiteras.

Dominguez Roldan describes his book on Finlay's yellow fever work.

Kean responds in detail to Hench's letter concerning the yellow fever experiments. He sends his diary from late 1900 and a copy of a speech at the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace.

Kean compares the two methods of testing for yellow fever: mosquito bites and sleeping in the infected bedding. He claims that at the time of the experiments, the latter was considered more dangerous.

Atcheson Hench describes the setting, guests, conversations, and presentations at a dinner given in honor of Moran at which Kean described the yellow fever experiments and Moran answered questions from the guests.

Kean talks about Lazear's family and the location of his boyhood home. He also discusses the biography of Finlay.

Hench explains the painting of Walter Reed proposed by the John Wyeth Company. He criticizes the dominant role of Finlay in their preliminary sketches and offers suggestions to improve upon the scene.

Freer informs Hench that his office cannot find the key to the map of Columbia Barracks, Cuba. However, he suggests that a participant from the time period might be able to help. Furthermore, there is no record that a map of Camp Lazear was ever prepared.

[Hench] thanks Truby for his letter of support to the Cuban government. He finds fault with Truby's description of the location of the yellow fever ward as northwest of the hospital grounds.

Dominguez attempts to prove that Carlos Finlay discovered the method of transmission of yellow fever.

Kean asserts that Finlay was the discoverer of the transmission of yellow fever by mosquito and that Reed's demonstration of the theory led to its acceptance by the scientific world. He expresses a dislike for the grouping of men in the yellow fever painting.

In evaluating the Reed versus Finlay debate, Kean states that Reed converted a discredited hypothesis into an established doctrine.

Truby finds Agramonte's statements greatly exaggerated. He also faults the sketch proposed for the yellow fever painting.

This is Hench's write-up of his interview with Bullard, focusing on Bullard's experience during the yellow fever experiments. Hench's autograph notes are included.

Hench is anxious to discuss his questions with Kean.

Kean laments that the Ames family is trying to get Roger Post Ames included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor. He also discusses Camp Lazear.

Hench seeks assistance in locating maps of Camp Columbia and summarizes his discovery of the lost Camp Lazear.

Kean points out misinformation written in an article about Kissinger.

Hench gives suggestions of publishers for Reed's manuscript. He also lists errors in her manuscript.

This microfilm includes the medical history of Columbia Barracks Post Hospital and records from the War Department, Office of the Adjutant General.

Hench writes that he has identified the men in the 1901 photograph.

Kean does not think Carter or Ames should be in the yellow fever painting. He suggests individuals on the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.

Hench informs Bullard that he is forwarding his manuscript to Kean after Bullard's review. He asks Bullard for clarification concerning some of his remarks. Hench explains the difference between the Havana Yellow Fever Board and the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board.

Bullard describes his malaria attack. He clarifies his remarks about the Habana Yellow Fever Board.

Kean states Carter was not in Cuba during the yellow fever experiments. He believes Truby's second manuscript is vastly improved.

Kean informs Hench that Truby's book will be published by the S.G.O. He also discusses various people who were or were not in Cuba during the yellow fever experiments.

Truby mentions the uniforms worn in Cuba and also asks to view a map of Cuba in 1899 to refresh his memory.

Kean details his involvement in the National Memorial to Thomas Jefferson. Kean also discusses the publication of Truby's manuscript, his meeting with Carlos E. Finlay, and his understanding that Reed visited Carlos J. Finlay before any efforts were made to infect mosquitoes.

Kean tells Truby about arrangements being made for the Jefferson Memorial and provides the information Truby requested concerning sanitary arrangements in Cuba.

Hench sends Truby suggestions for corrections or additions to Truby's manuscript on the story of the yellow fever experiments. He mentions several enclosures, which are not included with this document. An addendum from Hench to Truby on November 10, 1941 is included, as well as a transcription of a letter from James Carroll to his wife.

Truby responds to Hench's suggested corrections and additions to Truby's manuscript. He provides additional details, clarifies several points, and refers Hench to others who might be able to provide further information.

Lowdermilk acknowledges Hench's book request and informs him which publications are available.

Hoffmann requests copies of the portrait, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever," and notes his own work on yellow fever endemic infection.

Kean comments on the Cornwell painting of the Reed Board and the distribution of proper credit between Reed and Finlay.

Hoffmann requests copies of the Cornwell painting to distribute to tropical disease specialists. He describes his years of yellow fever research and comments on the dangers of epidemic that still exist.

Kellogg sends Hench a letter from Hoffmann. He comments on the reliability of Hoffmann.

Kean discusses Najieb M. Saleeby's report [01942002] and states that the epidemic as reported by Saleeby was either Dengue or Pappataci fever.

Truby is not convinced that Hench's specialty is needed in the armed services at this time. He also tells Hench that he has heard of Andrus' death and credits Andrus with having provided a reliable account of the “events in Cuba.”

Siler has read Saleeby's report on the 1899 fever epidemic at Columbia Barracks and is sure that it was dengue fever.

Kean writes that he has started his memoir. In a postscript, Kean explains Gorgas was excluded from the yellow fever painting because Gorgas did not initially believe in the mosquito theory.

Kean introduces Truby's Memoir on the yellow fever experiments, providing background information on the experiments themselves, as well as background on the author.

Kean, in a speech he never delivered, accepts the Gorgas Medal and gives a brief chronology of the events that led to the sanitary measures to rid places of the mosquito that carried yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Mayer assures Hench that he wants him on the scientific board of the Finlay Institute. He inquires if Hench would be interested in accompanying a group of military doctors on a training mission to Cuba.

Hench lists questions he has for Kean.

Hench questions Walter Reed's children about their father.

Leake requests information about Henry Rose Carter. Leake is assisting Hench in collecting material for his book.

Hench rebuts Lambert's claim that Ames was a member of the Yellow Fever Board, replacing Lazear. He explains the criteria to be eligible to receive a pension and/or medal for participation in the yellow fever project.

Carter informs his aunt that Leake and Hench are searching for information about Henry Rose Carter. He encloses the letter from Leake.

Kean shares family news. He is glad to receive copies of Walter Reed's diplomas and describes Truby's visit. He is relieved to hear that Building No. 1, at Camp Lazear, will be preserved.

Sawyer informs Hench that he is not in a position to approach John D. Rockefeller, Jr. on Hench's behalf, but sees no reason why Hench or the Mayo Clinic should not contact Rockefeller. Sawyer would like to hold a special session on Reed or yellow fever at the upcoming International Congress on Tropical Medicine and Malaria and solicits ideas from Hench.

Sawyer encloses a letter of introduction to Arthur Packard, an associate of Rockefeller's, for Hench. He describes plans to honor Reed by the American Society of Tropical Medicine, and thinks these efforts may increase interest in Hench's Camp Lazear project. Sawyer feels it is important to recognize Finlay's contributions, although he thinks scientists should not accept an “untenable interpretation” of certain Finlay experiments.

In this speech, given at the University of Virginia, Hench discusses Reed's yellow fever experiments and his own re-discovery of the actual site of Camp Lazear. The manuscript contains handwritten revisions by Moran and typed additions by Hench.

Hench writes to Redd about Carter's influence on Lazear and Reed in relation to the mosquito theory of yellow fever transmission. He seeks Carter correspondence to document this influence, and believes Lazear was more supportive of the mosquito theory than Reed, who intended to fully test the bacterial theory first.

Redd has little additional information to give Hench about Henry Rose Carter.

Hench questions Keeling about the transcript of Reed's Indianapolis lecture, in 1900, that Keeling has found. Hench wants to know if the one Keeling found includes more information than Hench's copy, or if it may be Reed's actual manuscript copy.

Siler discusses the location of the room where Walter Reed died. Siler knows that Hench wants to check on information contained in Hagedorn's biography of Wood and promises to arrange a meeting with McCoy.

Siler agrees with Truby that many changes occurred to the interior of the building where Reed died. Siler will go to Fort McNair in an attempt to secure earlier plans of the hospital.

Carter, Jr., says his father's letters will give Hench interesting data. He suggests that Stitt and Williams might be able to help Hench find more information concerning what his father did in controlling yellow fever.

Dart sends Hench a copy of the exhibit folder and tentative program of the International Congress of Tropical Medicine.

Sawyer tells Hench that he is writing to Strode in an attempt to trace a missing book belonging to Rodriguez Leon. He sends Hench a copy of this letter. Sawyer remembers receiving another reprint from Agramonte, but does not remember this missing book. He promises to make every effort to either find or replace the publication.

Lyons informs Hench that she has tried to recognize Finlay as fully as possible in the Hall of Fame event, but insists that the event honors Reed, not Finlay.

Standley informs Hench that there were no additional photographs taken during the International Tropical Medicine Congress. He compliments Hench for his address on Reed.

Tate believes that neither Lambert nor Ames belongs on the Yellow Fever Honor Roll. However, Tate believes that Lambert was courageous and Ames was a good doctor.

Kean comments on a book by Powell that cites Reed's work and that of other physicians.

Truby provides Tate with information about Captain Alexander N. Stark.

Hench continues his critique of Standlee's manuscript on Walter Reed, making detailed observations based on his research into the yellow fever experiments.

Hench hopes that Strode, or one of his Rockefeller Foundation associates, will attend the Camp Lazear dedication. In his speech Hench plans to credit Finlay with the mosquito theory and Reed with its proof.

Warren, of the Rockefeller Foundation, replies to Hench's inquiry about Reed's formula for the development of yellow fever. He states that Reed's fundamental conclusions are still accepted, but he does think it possible that some of Finlay's yellow fever cases may have been produced as a result of his experiments.

In this draft, Hench discusses the Cuban-American cooperation underlying the conquest of yellow fever. He mentions the Havana Yellow Fever Commission of 1879 and the choice of the Finca San Jose as an experimental site because of its yellow fever immunity. He describes Finlay's mosquito hypothesis and experiments, and the initial lack of support for his theory. Finally, Hench outlines the work of Lazear and the Reed Commission, quotes Reed and Finlay, and concludes with praise for both the Cubans and Americans. [See 04435001 and 04435013 for a shorter draft, in Spanish and English, of the speech.]

In this speech, delivered at the dedication of Camp Lazear, Hench stresses the Cuban-American cooperation underlying the conquest of yellow fever. He discusses the Havana Yellow Fever Commission of 1879 and the choice of the Finca San Jose as an experimental site because of its yellow fever immunity. He describes Finlay's mosquito hypothesis and experiments, and the lack of support for his theory. Hench then outlines the work of Lazear and the Reed Commission, quotes Reed and Finlay, and concludes with praise for both the Cubans and Americans. See Spanish translation.

Truby discusses the Camp Lazear National Monument and Nogueira's efforts in establishing the monument. Truby expresses his displeasure at the inaccuracies in an article about “Finlay Field.”

Rodriquez Exposito fights for the truth in the Finlay - Beauperthuy controversy.

[Tate] describes Ames involvement in the yellow fever experiments. Ames applied the mosquitoes, diagnosed the yellow fever patients, and provided exceptional medical care. Ames, fluent in Spanish, was able to persuade the Spanish volunteers to stay and undergo treatment.

[Tate] thinks it is a shame that worthy men such as Finlay, Ames, and Lambert were not included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.

[Tate] gives a brief account of Lambert's achievements as a sailor and nurse.

Hench wants the Cubans to present the Finlay Medals to the American recipients.

Hench tries to arrange a meeting with Presno to discuss microfilming Finlay's daybooks.

Hench discusses his promotion regarding the Finlay Medal and how much the Finlay Medals will mean to the Reed, Lazear, Truby, and Carroll families.

Roldan is working on a biography of Finlay that will demonstrate Finlay's major role in the discovery of the cause of yellow fever.

Hench writes Truby that they share a tendency to be perfectionists who are very sensitive to criticism, but assures Truby that he remains well respected in Washington, D. C.

Rogers describes an account from the 1895 minutes of the Clinico-Pathological Society of Washington that consistently cites Reed's name incorrectly.

Tate responds to a series of questions from Hench concerning his recollections about Camp Columbia and the yellow fever experiments.

Hench supplies over one hundred detailed questions to Tate.

Tate gives detailed answers to the questions asked by Hench, including information about the main characters involved in the yellow fever experiments, details on the army nurses, and rumors around the camp.

Lambert finds fault with the movie Yellow Jack, and criticizes Carroll and Agramonte while praising Ames.

This report details yellow fever outbreaks throughout the world up until 1954. A distinction is made between “Human Yellow Fever” and “Jungle Yellow Fever.”

Nogueira outlines the history of yellow fever and the many resultant casualties. He then describes the work of Finlay and the Yellow Fever Commission. He is critical of Sternberg's initial dismissal of the mosquito as the source of yellow fever.

Hench wants to testify before the Committee on Armed Services regarding Lambert's inclusion on the Roll of Honor. He asserts Lambert deserves honor, but it should be distinct from the Roll of Honor.