Reference: 913
Author: LaFeber, Walter
Title: "Jefferson and an American Foreign Policy," in Jeffersonian Legacies , ed. Onuf.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1993)
Extent: 370-91.

Notes: An ironic view of TJ's foreign policy, contending that his early commitments to agrarian expansionism led to conflicts in the international arena that forced him to support a stronger central government to protect both agrarian and national interests. He eventually ends up accepting, in at least some of his statements, war, manufacturers, and an entangling alliance. He also apologizes for slavery at the time of the Missouri compromise and becomes increasingly frustrated and bitter on a personal level about the possibilities for the success of the American experiment.

Reference: 3005
Author: LaMontagne, Leo E.
Title: "Jefferson as Classifier and "Jefferson and the Library of Congress"
Publication: American Library Classification, with Special Reference to the Library of Congress
Publisher: Shoe String Press
Place of Publication: Hamden, Conn.
Date: (1961)
Extent: 27-60

Notes: On the historical background and subsequent development of TJ's system of library classification. Best work on this topic.

Reference: 1758
Author: Lacy, Alexander Bustard, Jr.
Title: "Jefferson and Congress: Congressional Method and Politics, 1801-1809."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Virginia
Date: (1964)
Extent: pp. iii, 326

Notes: By developing and using his role as party leader, TJ became an effective presidential leader. He effected little change in legal institutions, but he fostered "a pattern of political behavior which actually by-passed, and in effect made obsolete, certain aspects of the formal constitutional system." DAI 25/05, p. 3084.

Reference: 3002
Author: Ladenson, Alex
Title: "'I Cannot Live Without Books': Thomas Jefferson, Bibliophile."
Publication: Wilson Library Bulletin
Volume: 52
Date: (1978)
Extent: 624-31

Notes: TJ's greatest contribution as a collector was his acquisition of material dealing with America.

Reference: 1064
Author: Ladygo, Andrew L.
Title: “The Role of Materials Analysis in Architectural Restoration,”
Publication: Notes on the State of Poplar Forest
Volume: 2
Date: (1994)
Extent: 8-12.

Notes: Scientific analysis of mortar and other building materials used in the original Poplar Forest supports more accurate preservation work and a stronger structure.

Reference: 678
Author: Lafayette, Marie Joseph, Marquis de
Title: "Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Independent
Volume: 55
Date: (1903)
Extent: 26-27

Notes: Prints without comment a letter on TJ's death, dated September 17, 1826, and sent to Arnold Scheffer.

Reference: 680
Author: Lagemann, John Kord
Title: "How Jefferson Spent the First Fourth."
Publication: Colliers
Volume: 132
Date: (1953)
Extent: 50-53

Notes: Fanciful sketch of events in 1776.

Reference: 2323
Author: Laing, Alexander
Title: "Jefferson's Usufruct Principle."
Publication: Nation
Volume: 223
Date: (1976)
Extent: 7-16

Notes: Thoughtful, detailed examination of TJ's letter to Madison and the later responses to "The earth belongs in usufruct to the living."

Reference: 914
Author: Laland, Patricia
Title: "A Glorious Reunion."
Publication: House Beautiful
Volume: 135
Date: (April, 1993)
Extent: 68-74.

Notes: Describes the exhibition at Monticello of furnishings and other objects that were originally in TJ's house. Some of these have been acquired for Monticello over the years, and others are there on loan from museums and private owners. The exhibition has been curated by Susan Stein in honor of the 250th anniversary of TJ's birth.

Reference: 1176
Author: Lalanne, Jean-Marc
Title: “Jefferson in Paris,”
Publication: Cahiers du Cinema
Volume: 492
Date: (June, 1995)
Extent: 49.

Notes: Review of the Merchant/Ivory film finds lacking the tight structure and lively writing that marked previous films from this team.

Reference: 681
Author: Lamb, Isom Richard
Title: Was I Jefferson?
Publication: The Author
Place of Publication: Pomona, Cal.
Date: (1959)
Extent: pp. vi, 526

Notes: A Californian who was hypnotized by his dentist and discovered that he had been TJ in a previous existence. Since the first event he remembered is shaking Aaron Burr's hand at his trial in Richmond, this seems unlikely. Probably only a few copies of this distributed; one at Virginia Historical Society.

Reference: 1346
Author: Lambert, Frank
Title: "'God--and a Religious President ... [or] Jefferson and No God': Campaigning for a Voter-Imposed Religious Test in 1800"
Publication: Journal of Church and State
Volume: 39
Date: (1997)
Extent: 769-89.

Notes: The election of 1800 became a forum for debating the need for a voter-imposed religious test for candidates for public office. Describes the contemporary debate in some detail, including the many clerical attacks on TJ. Concludes that the limiting of the controversy of 1800 to a war of words and ideas confirmed the victory of 1777-89 when the Constitution barred religious tests for office holders.

Reference: A39
Author: Lambeth, William A.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Arts."
Publication: Journal of the American Institute of Architects
Volume: 12
Date: (1924)
Extent: 454-55.

Notes: Brief comment on TJ's high standards on education and execution in the fine arts, and a facsimile with translation of the contract he made with Michele and Jacob Raggi, sculptors of Cararra, to work on the University buildings.

Reference: 3003
Author: Lambeth, William Alexander and Henry Warren Manning
Title: Thomas Jefferson as an Architect and Designer of Landscapes
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1913)
Extent: pp. ix, 121

Notes: Pioneering work on TJ as an architect; occasionally useful but needs to be used with more recent scholarship.

Reference: 3004
Author: Lammers, Claude C.
Title: "Jefferson's Aristocracy of Talent Proposal."
Publication: Social Studies
Volume: 60
Date: (1969)
Extent: 195-201

Notes: On TJ's educational plans as a means for sifting out the best and brightest; condensed version published as "Jefferson and His Aristocracy of Talent Proposal." Education Digest. 35(January 1970), 45-47.

Reference: 915
Author: Lamolinara, Guy
Title: "A Man for All Seasons: LC Celebrates 250th Birthday of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Library of Congress Information Bulletin
Volume: 52
Date: (1993)
Extent: 137-42.

Notes: On an exhibition, "TJ and the Library of Congress," recognizing his interest in books and the Library. Describes how TJ's books came to the Library and their subsequent fate, including the loss of nearly 4,000 volumes in the fires of 1825 and 1851.

Reference: 3006
Author: Lancaster, Clay
Title: "Jefferson's Architectural Indebtedness to Robert Morris."
Publication: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
Volume: 10
Date: (1951)
Extent: 3-10

Notes: Morris, through his Rural Architecture (1755), influenced TJ for the first Monticello and to a lesser extent, the west pavilions at the University of Virginia.

Reference: 3007
Author: Lancaster, Dabney S.
Title: "The Influence of Thomas Jefferson on Higher Education."
Publication: Virginia Journal of Education
Volume: 36
Date: (1943)
Extent: 295-97, 309

Notes: Conventional account of TJ as pioneer of quality education.

Reference: 3008
Author: Lancaster, Dabney S.
Title: "The Influence of Thomas Jefferson on Modern Education."
Publication: Bulletin of Sweet Briar College
Volume: 21
Date: (1938)
Extent: 11-20

Notes: TJ advocated practical subjects, the elective system, use of original authors, and a broad system of public education.

Reference: 3009
Author: Lancaster, Dabney S.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and Public Education."
Publication: Virginia Journal of Education
Volume: 19
Date: (1926)
Extent: 363-64

Notes: Brief discussion of TJ's plan for public schools.

Reference: 2324
Author: Landin, Harold William
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Cornell Univ
Date: (1928)
Extent: pp. 325, xxii

Notes: Concerned with the development of TJ's political ideas; argues for the prime importance of political experience, particularly in struggles with the "aristocratic tidewater" early in his career. Locke only secondary in importance as an intellectual influence and the French Revolution not at all.

Reference: 2325
Author: Landy, A.
Title: "Marxism Is Democracy."
Publication: New Masses
Volume: 47
Date: (1943)
Extent: 16-18

Notes: TJ embodies the thought and experience which demonstrate the historic link between Marxism and democracy.

Reference: 425
Author: Lane, Mills
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Architecture in the Old South: Virginia
Publisher: Beehive Press,
Place of Publication: Savannah:
Date: (1987)
Extent: 90-125.

Notes: Discusses TJ's life-long interest in architecture; notes his commitment to classical values and their Palladian reinterpretation, his inspiration by French architecture, and his activities as an architect in Virginia. Survey, most useful for its coverage of TJ's influence on domestic architecture such as Bremo, Barboursville, and Oak Hill to which he variously contributed suggestions or drawings. Illustrated with photographs and drawings.

Reference: 2326
Author: Lane, Ann M.
Title: "The Classical Frontier: Republican Theory and the Jefferson-Cherokee Encounter."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of California
Place of Publication: Santa Cruz
Date: (1979)
Extent: pp. 491

Notes: DAI 40/12A, 6406.

Reference: 3010
Author: Lane, Lawrence
Title: "An Enlightened Controversy: Jefferson and Buffon."
Publication: Enlightenment Essays
Volume: 3
Date: (1972)
Extent: 37-40

Notes: Minor sketch.

Reference: 3011
Author: Lange, Eugenie, ed.
Title: "Aus dem Briefwechsel Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1858) mit Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)."
Publication: Societe Suisse des Americanistes. Bulletin
Volume: 18
Date: (1959)
Extent: 32-45

Notes: Discusses the correspondence of TJ and Humboldt, but offers no new information.

Reference: 262
Author: Langhorne, Elizabeth
Title: "A Black Family at Monticello."
Publication: Magazine of Albemarle County History
Volume: 43
Date: (1985)
Extent: 1-16.

Notes: Account of the Hemings family, particularly after TJ's death. Adapted in part from a chapter of the author's forthcoming book (published in 1987, see below).

Reference: 383
Author: Langhorne, Elizabeth
Title: Monticello: A Family Story.
Publisher: Algonquin Books,
Place of Publication: Chapel Hill:
Date: (1987)
Extent: xi, 289.

Notes: Chatty, anecdotal account of TJ's life at Monticello and that of various members of his family. Particular attention paid to Martha Jefferson Randolph and her husband, Thomas Mann Randolph, their children Ellen Wayles Randolph and Cornelia Jefferson Randolph, and to the members of the Hemings family. Useful for the author's description of the role black servants played at Monticello and for her at least occasional recognition that they had their own priorities and cultural expectations. If life at Monticello was not quite so comfortable for the servants as portrayed here, neither was it merely a matter of exploitation and oppression. Although the author indulges in too much biographical imputation ("she surely must have felt" etc.), she presents some of the scandals surrounding Jefferson's family (granddaughter Anne's troubled marriage, incest and infanticide in the Randolph family, etc.) without speculating unduly on their effect on TJ. Occasionally needs more helpful documentation of sources but valuable for its use of collected papers of various family members.

Reference: 682
Author: Langhorne, Elizabeth
Title: "The Other Hemings."
Publication: Albemarle Magazine
Volume: 3
Date: (1980)
Extent: 59-66

Notes: Good article for a popular audience; criticizes Brodie's evidence and reasoning.

Reference: 1759
Author: Langhorne, Elizabeth
Title: "Edward Coles, Thomas Jefferson, and the Rights of Man."
Publication: Virginia Cavalcade
Volume: 23
Date: (1973)
Extent: 30-37

Notes: Focus on Coles, TJ's private secretary who moved to Illinois in order to free his slaves after TJ declined to lead a campaign for emancipation.

Reference: 3012
Author: Langhorne, Elizabeth
Title: "Black Music and Tales from Jefferson's Monticello."
Publication: Folklore and Folklife in Virginia
Volume: 1
Date: (1979)
Extent: 60-67

Notes: Music and tales by blacks as remembered by Martha Jefferson Randolph; draws on work by Eugene Vail.

Reference: 683
Author: Lansdale, Nelson
Title: "House on the Nickel."
Publication: House and Garden
Volume: 103
Date: (1953)
Extent: 80-85

Notes: Monticello, illustrated.

Reference: 9
Author: Larson, Martin A.
Title: Jefferson, Magnificent Populist.
Publisher: Robert B. Luce,
Place of Publication: Washington, D.C.:
Date: (1981)
Extent: xxiv, 390.

Notes: Selection of "Gems from Jefferson," topically arranged. Introduction and brief commentary. A useful volume for speechwriters in search of sound bites.

Reference: 738
Author: Larson, Chiles T. A.
Title: "Alarm on Little Mountain."
Publication: Historic Preservation
Volume: 43
Date: (March/April, 1991)
Extent: 46-49.

Notes: The threat of obtrusive development in Monticello's "viewshed," i.e. the landscape visible from the mountaintop, is being combated by the Monticello staff under the leadership of Daniel Jordan, along with help from the Trust for Public Land and the Piedmont Environmental Council.

Reference: 916
Author: Larson, John Lauritz
Title: "Jefferson's Union and the Problem of Internal Improvements," in Jeffersonian Legacies , ed.Onuf.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1993)
Extent: 340-69.

Notes: After the War of 1812 TJ's Jeffersonian successors in national government split over the issue of internal improvements, marking the inability of “latter-day Republicans to reconcile Thomas Jefferson's radical creed of liberal self-creation with a stable framework of constitutional government under rapidly changing conditions. ” This split, revealed in the debates over the Bonus Bill of 1817, followed from TJ's own encouragement of Western settlement and his unwillingness to allow the federal government the powers required to regulate it. Argues that TJ's republicanism became a rigid orthodoxy in the generation succeeding him, and he himself lent his prestige to critics of “consolidation” without much regard for the merits of their claims.

Reference: 1760
Author: Larus, Joel
Title: "Pell-Mell Along the Potomac."
Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 17
Date: (1960)
Extent: 349-57

Notes: TJ and Anthony Merry, the British minister, clash over protocol as observed at a White House dinner.

Reference: 684
Author: Lasch, Christopher.
Title: "The Jeffersonian Legacy"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson: The Man His World His Influence, ed. Lally Weymouth.
Publisher: Putnam's
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1973)
Extent: 229-45

Notes: Argues that in our time "Jeffersonian traditions have survived only as a minor current of opposition among those who retain an old-fashioned commitment to equality, or who believe that the rights of free speech and free inquiry have not been altogether superseded by the exigencies of world power."

Reference: 1761
Author: Latane, John Holladay
Title: "Jefferson's Influence on American Foreign Policy."
Publication: Univ. of Virginia Alumni Bulletin
Volume: 3rd ser. 17
Date: (1924)
Extent: 245-69

Notes: Discusses Woodrow Wilson's critical assessment of TJ and notes how similar the two presidents were. TJ would have hailed any system replacing physical coercion with moral force.

Reference: 1763
Author: Lathrop, Mary F.
Title: "Jefferson's Contribution to the Law of the West"
Publication: Pennsylvania Bar Association. Report of the Thirty-third Annual Meeting
Publisher: Printed for the Association
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1927)
Extent: 297-307

Notes: no note

Reference: 676
Author: Lau, Estelle Pao An
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, Politician."
Publication: M.A. thesis.
Publisher: University of Chicago,
Date: (1947)
Extent: pp. 82.

Reference: 797
Author: Laube, James
Title: "Th. J., Fighting Words, and Tangled Vines."
Publication: The Wine Spectator
Volume: 17
Date: (September 30, 1992)
Extent: 16.

Notes: Calls for wine collector Hardy Rodenstock to reveal the provenance of the bottles of supposed 1787 Lafite allegedly purchased by TJ, who then supposedly had the bottles engraved Th. J. Real doubts remain about the authenticity of this wine until Rodenstock reveals where he obtained it.

Reference: 1296
Author: Lautman, Robert C.
Title: Thomas Jefferson's Monticello: A Photographic Portrait.
Publisher: Monacelli Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1997)
Extent: Pp. 143.

Notes: Illustrated volume with introduction by David McCullough and a foreword by Daniel P. Jordan. Black and white photographs of the house and grounds with a quotation from TJ on each facing page.

Reference: 739
Author: Lawler, Peter Augustine.
Title: "Classical Ethics, Jefferson's Christian Epicureanism, and American Morality."
Publication: Perspectives on Political Science
Volume: 20
Date: (1991)
Extent: 17-22

Notes: Set against an overview of recent critiques by Allan Bloom, Richard John Neuhaus, etc. of American moral relativism, the author examines TJ's ethical mix of classical philosophy and Christianity as a "moral compromise" that fails to accept the radical claims of either. TJ, standing here as an exemplar for other framers, makes Epicurus a liberal and Jesus a democrat, taking the moral claims of neither reason nor revelation seriously enough. Interesting, but based on a selective reading of sources.

Reference: 534
Author: Lawrence, R. deTreville, III.
Title: Jefferson and Wine: Model of Moderation.
Publisher: Vinifera Wine Growers' Association,
Place of Publication: The Plains, VA:
Date: (1989)
Extent: [14], 386.

Notes: Enlarged version of 1976 edition (TJCAB# 3013). Includes new information gained from recent archaeological studies at Monticello as well as a full account, the best available, of the wine, supposedly TJ's, found in Paris in the mid 1980's. Gives evidence supporting TJ's original ownership; 1784 and 1787 Chateau d'Yquem were tasted and found to be excellent. Still the best book available on this topic.

Reference: 3013
Author: Lawrence, R. deTreville, Sr., ed.
Title: Jefferson and Wine
Publisher: Vinifera Wine Grower's Association
Place of Publication: The Plains, Va.
Date: (1976)
Extent: pp. viii, 192

Notes: Covers all aspects of the subject, TJ as wine appreciator, grower, etc., but often somewhat superficially. Individual essays are listed separately here under the contributors' names.

Reference: 496
Author: Lawson-Peebles, Robert
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Spacious Field of Imagination"
Publication: Landscape and Written Expression in Revolutionary America: The World Turned Upside Down
Publisher: Cambridge University Press,
Place of Publication: Cambridge UK:
Date: (1988)
Extent: 165-95.

Notes: Examines TJ's declining belief in the function of the imagination in terms of his response to landscape. Early writings, as in the defense of fiction in the letter describing Robert Skipwith's possible library, suggest a trust in the imagination as "superior to the confinements of real life," but already implicit in the famous descriptions of Notes is a desire to limit imaginary spatial expansion within categories of usefulness and textuality. If his experience of the sublime is directed through a text, so his experience of the powerful landscapes is framed within the conventions of the picturesque. His preferences for aerial views, his insistence on gridwork maps and plans, and his desire for his exploring parties to "fix" the terrain in a web of observations and facts points to his desire for an "imperial text" which will fix and preserve the landscape. A valuable essay.

Reference: 686
Author: Lawson, Lyle
Title: "At Home with Tom Jefferson."
Publication: Modern Photography
Volume: 40
Date: (1976)
Extent: 102-03, 147-50

Notes: Monticello for the photographer

Reference: 1349
Author: Le Beau, Bryan F.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: in Dictionary of Literary Biography: Vol. 183 American Travel Writers, 1776-1864 .
Publisher: Gale Research
Volume: Vol. 183
Place of Publication: Detroit
Date: (1997)
Extent: 187-96.

Notes: Discusses TJ's travels, but has little to say about him as a travel writer and not much in detail about him as a traveler, e.g. about how he handled transportation, accommodations, etc.

Reference: 3017
Author: Le Coat, Gerard
Title: "Thomas Jefferson et l'architecture metaphorique: le 'Village Academique' a l'Universite de Virginie."
Publication: RACAR (Canadian Art Review)
Volume: 3
Date: (1976)
Extent: 8-34

Notes: Argues that in addition to its previously commented upon qualities of democratic pragmatism, the design for the University of Virginia "met en evidence une architecture-langage possedant une dimension metaphorique privilegiee." Suggestive analysis of the conception of the "Academical Village."

Reference: A40
Author: LeCoat, Gerard G.
Title: "La Vallèe des morts à Monticello: L'animisme comme informant du projet de Thomas Jefferson."
Publisher: Coloquio Artes, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation,
Volume: no. 47
Place of Publication: Lisbon.
Date: (December, 1980)
Extent: 12-23.

Notes: Describes TJ's project first apparently articulated in 1771 to construct a burying place in the tradition of other late Enlightenment (or pre-romantic) projects to memorialize the dead. Argues that TJ's plan, which was never realized, was informed by an anthropomorphic pantheism which was linked to his version of natural religion. His proposal for a burying place which would also be a garden landscape at once sentimental and moral finds parallels in the varying works of Paul Decker, Bernardin St. Pierre, Edward Young, and Thomas Gray.

Reference: 497
Author: Lea, James F.
Title: "Celebrating Two Hundred Years of the Constitution: The Madison/Jefferson Legacy."
Publication: Midwest Quarterly
Volume: 29
Date: (1988)
Extent: 308-20.

Notes: Argues that if we were truly heirs of TJ at the time of the bicentennial, we would critically assess, question, and explore the constitutional system. We seem to be Madisonians, however, and are thus more inclined to celebrate federal systems despite some obvious imperfections. Only peripherally about TJ.

Reference: 687
Author: Leach, Beverly B.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson the Gourmet."
Publication: Commonwealth The Magazine of Virginia
Volume: 39
Date: (1972)
Extent: 34-37

Notes: TJ as a host

Reference: 1347
Author: Leary, Francis
Title: "The Academical Village"
Publication: The Unesco Courier
Volume: 50
Date: (F, 1997)
Extent: 45.

Notes: Brief note on the TJ's plans for the University of Virginia.

Reference: 1348
Author: Leary, Francis
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Dream House"
Publication: The Unesco Courier
Volume: 50
Date: (F, 1997)
Extent: 42-44.

Notes: On TJ at Monticello, which was placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1987.

Reference: 3015
Author: Leavell, Byrd S.
Title: "Jeffersonian Ideals Endowed the University of Virginia."
Publication: Virginia Medical Monthly
Volume: 104
Date: (1977)
Extent: 91-96

Notes: Sketch of TJ's ideas on medicine, his promotion of vaccination, and the founding of the medical school. The usual.

Reference: 3016
Author: Leavell, Byrd S.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and Smallpox Vaccination."
Publication: Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
Volume: 88
Date: (1976)
Extent: 119-27

Notes: Finds TJ's accomplishments in this field impressive.

Reference: 210
Author: Lecoat, Gerard
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Architecture of Immortality."
Publication: Laurels
Volume: 55
Date: (Spring 1984)
Extent: 41-54.

Notes: Compares French and American attitudes circa 1791 with respect to great men and memorializing them as immortals, and contrasts TJ's "places of remembrance" with French ideas. Americans praised military men of action, Roman virtue, a practice curiously consistent with the English aristocratic ideal; French of the revolutionary era were suspicious of military adventurers and glorified philosophers, theorists, and thinkers. Like the Pantheon of Paris, "the Rotunda is clearly dedicated to immortality. ... on the upper level of the Rotunda, the Great Architect, God of the enlightened, witnesses a new offering [i.e. the library] made to Him, that of collective memory and history." The Roman model and the Palladian heritage behind the Rotunda reinforced the notion of the imago mundi . TJ's design of his own Burying Place shows that he looked beyond the Pantheon for models of memorial expression.

Reference: 917
Author: Ledes, Allison Eckardt
Title: "Jefferson and the University of Virginia"
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 144
Date: (October, 1993)
Extent: 410-14.

Notes: Note on an exhibition, “Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village: The Creation of an Architectural Masterpiece,” at the University of Virginia's Bayly Museum in the fall of 1993.

Reference: 1350
Author: Ledes, Allison Eckardt
Title: "Historic Plants for the Garden"
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 151
Date: (April, 1997)
Extent: 624.

Notes: Note on TJ's gardening interests and the work of the Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants, established in 1987.

Reference: 688
Author: Lee, Henry
Title: "The Late Mr. Jefferson."
Publication: Niles Register
Volume: 31
Date: (1826)
Extent: 197-200

Notes: Account of TJ's death; 2 letters from TJ to Lee relative to the Revolutionary War in Virginia in 1780-81.

Reference: 689
Author: Lee, Henry
Title: Observations on the Writings of Thomas Jefferson, With Particular Reference to the Attack They Contain on the Memory of the Late Gen. Henry Lee
Publisher: Charles DeBehr
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1832)
Extent: pp. 237

Notes: Rpt. "With an Introduction and Notes by Charles Carter Lee," Philadelphia: J. Dobson, et. al., 1839. pp. 262. In the 1829 edition of TJ's Writings his letter to George Washington of June 19, 1796, refers to a supposed political scandal monger; an editor's note states, "Here in the margin of the copy, is written, apparently at a later date, 'Gen. H. Lee."' Lee rapidly moves from a defense of his father into a general attack upon TJ.

Reference: 690
Author: Lee, Susan and John
Title: Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: Children's Press
Place of Publication: Chicago
Date: (1974)
Extent: pp. 47

Notes: Juvenile

Reference: 3018
Author: Lee, Gordon C., ed.
Title: Thomas Jefferson on Education
Publisher: Teachers College, Columbia Univ
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1961)
Extent: pp. vi, 167

Notes: Largely an anthology of TJ's relevant writings but with an introduction useful to students.

Reference: 3019
Author: Lee, Lawrence
Title: "Monticello"
Publication: Monticello and Other Poems
Publisher: Scribner's
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1937)
Extent: 3-9

Notes: A suite of six poems on TJ and Monticello.

Reference: 3020
Author: Lee, Lawrence
Title: "The Tomb of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: VQR
Volume: 16
Date: (1940)
Extent: 78-80

Notes: Poem; also in The Tomb of Thomas Jefferson. New York: Scribner's, 1940. 43-45.

Reference: 3021
Author: Lee, Lawrence
Title: "The University of Virginia (I.M. Thomas Jefferson)."
Publisher: Scribner's
Volume: 85
Date: (1929)
Extent: 300

Notes: A sonnet on TJ; revised version in The Tomb of Jefferson. New York: Scribner's, 1940. 17, as "... And Pather of the University of Virginia ..."

Reference: 1177
Author: Leffler, Phyllis K.
Title: “Jefferson's Vermächtnis in der modernen Welt,”
Publication: in Wasser, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Historische Bedeuteung und Politische Aktualität
Publisher: Ferdinand Schöningh
Place of Publication: Paderborn
Date: (1995)
Extent: 69-86.

Notes: “Jefferson's Legacy in the Modern World. ” In German.

Reference: 1764
Author: Leffmann, Henry
Title: "The True Story of the Declaration of Independence."
Publication: Philadelphia History
Volume: 2
Date: (1917)
Extent: 21-35

Notes: Background to TJ's writing of the Declaration; minor.

Reference: 2327
Author: Lehmann, Karl
Title: Thomas Jefferson American Humanist
Publisher: Macmillan
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1947)
Extent: pp. xiv, 273

Notes: TJ's humanism considered as a function of his response to the classical past. His ethics, aesthetics, ideas about education, sense of history, and political ideas were shaped by his reading of Latin and Greek authors and by knowledge of classical art. Still useful; rpt. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1965.

Reference: 3022
Author: Lehmann-Hartleben, Karl
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, Archaeologist."
Publication: American Journal of Archaeology
Volume: 47
Date: (1943)
Extent: 161-63

Notes: TJ as a pioneer of modern archaeological technique.

Reference: 1178
Author: Lehoux, Jean-François
Title: “Le Liberalisme Pragmatique de Thomas Jefferson. ” M.A. thesis, Universitè Laval,
Publication: MAI 3/03, 741
Date: (1995)
Extent: Pp. 127.

Notes: Argues for TJ's practice of a pragmatic liberalism by showing his differences from the thinkers of the Enlightenment and his affinities with the pragmatism of William James. Pays particular attention to his thinking about religious pluralism and his defense of the separation of church and state. In French.

Reference: 1352
Author: Lehoux, Jean François
Title: "La Solution Jeffersonienne"
Publication: Social Compass
Volume: 44
Date: (no. 1, 1997)
Extent: 9-21.

Notes: Argues that TJ was original in his pragmatic inscription of religious liberty within "la réalité juridique" in a manner that distinguishes him from European Enlightenment philosophers. He advocated not a religion of the state but a disengagement between state and religion, thus promoting competition among and development of different religious groups. In French.

Reference: 1351
Author: Leiberger, Stuart
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Missouri Crisis: An Alternative Interpretation."
Publication: Journal of the Early Republic
Volume: 17
Date: (1997)
Extent: 121-30.

Notes: Intriguing suggestion that TJ's "hysterical" language in letters at the time of the Missouri Crisis should be read as strategic attempts at political manipulation rather than as straightforward indices to his real state of mind. Notes that the tone varies in different letters at different times and to different correspondents as he discusses the Missouri question. With some correspondents he could be almost complacent, but with others he used over the top language, not an unfamiliar Jeffersonian trait, as a rhetorical strategy to move an audience not necessarily confined to the immediate recipients of his letters.

Reference: 1009
Author: Leichtman, Robert R.
Title: From Heaven to Earth: Jefferson Returns .
Publisher: Ariel Press
Place of Publication: Columbus OH.
Date: (1979)
Extent: pp. 64.

Notes: The author's conversations with TJ in 1973 and 1974 were made possible by the medium, D. Kendrick Johnson, who channeled for him. It turns out that TJ has been keeping his eye on the American experiment and has various suggestions to offer, including limiting big government, welfare, private gun ownership, etc. and allowing school prayer. A curiosity.

Reference: 39
Author: Leighton, Ann
Title: "Thomas Jefferson as a Gardener: The Third President of the United States."
Publication: Country Life (Great Britain).
Volume: 170
Date: (1981)
Extent: 1556-58.

Notes: Sketch of TJ's interests in gardening, botany, and landscape architecture.

Reference: 3023
Author: Leighton, Ann
Title: "Thomas Jefferson as a Gardener."
Publication: Country Life
Volume: 170
Date: (1981)
Extent: 1556-58

Notes: Uses the Garden Book as the main source of information.

Reference: 3024
Author: Leikind, Morris C.
Title: "The Introduction of Vaccination into the United States."
Publication: Ciba Symposis
Volume: 3
Date: (1942)
Extent: 1114-24

Notes: Surveys vaccination before 1820; touches on TJ's role.

Reference: 149
Author: Leiner, Frederick C.
Title: "The `Whimsical Phylosophic President' and His Gunboats."
Publication: American Neptune
Volume: 43
Date: (1983)
Extent: 245-66.

Notes: A detailed and critical survey of TJ's naval policies. Faults him for undervaluing the strategic importance of a high-seas fleet and for persisting in the untested gunboat scheme. (Although initial support by Commodore Preble for the gunboats may have contributed to his mistaken enthusiasm.) Obstinately maintained despite evident failures, this came close to undoing the country.

Reference: 918
Author: Leiner, Frederick C.
Title: “The Norfolk War Scare,”
Publication: Naval History
Volume: 7
Date: (1993)
Extent: 36-38

Notes: Captain Stephen Decatur could man only two of TJ's gunboats when the British Nany occupied Hampton Roads in 1807, providing evidence for the minimal usefulness of the gunboats and for the need for a well-trained and disciplined naval force.

Reference: 1762
Author: Lemen, Joseph B.
Title: "The Jefferson-Lemen Anti-slavery Pact."
Publication: Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1908.
Publisher: Illinois State Journal Co.
Place of Publication: Springfield
Date: (1909)
Extent: 74-84

Notes: Claims TJ sent James Lemen as a "confidential agent" into the Illinois section of the Northwest Territory to oppose slavery and later encouraged him to form a Baptist church with an anti-slavery platform. Evidence is extremely thin.

Reference: 691
Author: Lemesle, Charles
Title: Eloge de Thomas Jefferson, Ancien President des Etats-Unis d'Amerique du Nord, Membre Honoraire de la Societe Linneenne de Paris
Publication: Au Secretariat de la Societe Linneenne
Place of Publication: Paris
Date: (1827)
Extent: pp. 11

Notes: "Extrait des Annales Linneennes pour 1826." Praises TJ's interest in science and notes his connections in the international community.

Reference: 1257
Author: Lemire, Elise Virginia
Title: “Making Miscegenation: Discourses of Interracial Sex and Marriage in the United States, 1790-1865.”
Publication: Ph. D. Dissertation, Rutgers University
Publication: DAI-A 57/06, 2478
Date: (1996)
Extent: Pp. 302.

Notes: Among other concerns, examines and contextualizes the Federalist manipulation of rumors about an affair between TJ and Sally Hemings as part of a proliferation of “sites of both power and pleasure in which sex and sexuality were redefined from within the context of racial difference. ”

Reference: A41
Author: Lence, Ross
Title: "Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence: The Power and the Natural Rights of a Free People."
Publication: The Political Science Reviewer
Volume: 6
Date: (Fall, 1976)
Extent: 1-34.

Notes: Aspires to separate the mythic TJ and the text of the Declaration by using "the methodology Willmoore Kendall called `a universal confrontation with the text. '" Claims the critical question raised by the Declaration is "Who are `the people?'" and the answer is the majority of the population. This means TJ's reference to the rights of man should not receive an individualistic interpretation but must be understood "within the broader concerns of the public good and the rights of the political community in general." The author's claim to "analytical rigor" here may strike some as ahistorical logic-chopping.

Reference: 2328
Author: Lence, Ross Marlo
Title: "The American Declaration of Independence: A Study of Its Polemical and Philosophical Antecedents."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Indiana Univ
Date: (1973)
Extent: pp. 278

Notes: TJ along with Locke and certain eighteenth-century pamphleteers means by "the people" "nothing other than a majority of the whole community." Hence, "the Declaration's central concern is not the individual rights of man, but the rights of the political community." DAI 34/09A, p. 6071.

Reference: 692
Author: Lengyel, Cornel
Title: Four Days in July: The Story Behind the Declaration of Independence
Publisher: Doubleday
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1958)
Extent: pp. 360

Notes: Quasi-fictional account of the period leading up to the acceptance of the Declaration and its publication.

Reference: 1179
Author: Leon, Juan
Title: “Moderns Reading Jefferson: Ezra Pound, Aldous Huxley, and 'Intellectual Populism' in Our Time,”
Publication: Review of English Literature
Volume: 68
Date: (1995)
Extent: 115-30.

Notes: Not seen. Cited as such by the MLA online bibliography; however, not cited in the hard-copy 1995 MLA bibliography, and not found elsewhere. May exist, but a journal with this title and corresponding volume number was not found.

Reference: 3025
Author: Lerch, Alice H.
Title: "Who Was the Printer of Jefferson's Notes?"
Publication: Bookmen's Holiday, Notes and Studies Written and Gathered in Tribute to Henry Miller Lydenberg
Publisher: New York Public Library
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1943)
Extent: 44-56

Notes: The first edition was printed by Philippe-Denis Pierres, who finished in May, 1785, although TJ went on reprinting revised versions of some leaves for another year and a half.

Reference: 1765
Author: Lerche, Charles O., Jr.
Title: "Jefferson and the Election of 1800: A Case Study in the Political Smear."
Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 5
Date: (1948)
Extent: 467-91

Notes: Analyzes anti-Jefferson propaganda; the one achievement of the Federalist writers was to damage TJ's reputation "so badly that many of their charges linger today."

Reference: 3026
Author: Lerman, Louis
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Plow."
Publication: New Masses
Volume: 47
Date: (1943)
Extent: 14-15

Notes: Folksy monologue and ballad about TJ and the "plow" (figure of speech, not the mouldboard of least resistance) he invented to plant the Tree of Liberty.

Reference: 426
Author: Lerner, Ralph
Title: "Jefferson's Pulse of Republican Reformation"
Publication: The Thinking Revolutionary: Principle and Practice in the New Republic
Publisher: Cornell University Press,
Place of Publication: Ithaca:
Date: (1987)
Extent: 60-90.

Notes: As part of a larger argumentative strategy intended to oppose the deterministic aspects of the work of historians of republican/country ideology, the author explores TJ's intellectual "grand design" for a regime of self-governing people. Claims the Declaration of Independence provides the context for the significance of TJ's other achievements and focuses particularly on his proposed revisal of the laws of Virginia. States that "the revisal's rough journey through the Virginia General Assembly testifies to the political and psychic barriers separating Jefferson from those fellow planters in whose midst he lived and on whose votes his measures depended." Recognizes but perhaps somewhat underestimates the problematic textual status of the laws and the possible role of others, on or off the Committee of Revisors, and by treating the revisions as if they were a fully adequate index to Jefferson's thought, tends to deny some of their historic specificity. A stimulating discussion, but readers should also consult Julian Boyd's editorial note in Papers , vol 2, 305-24.

Reference: 618
Author: Lerner, Ralph
Title: "Jefferson's Pulse of Republican Reformation"
Publication: Confronting the Constitution, Allan Bloom, ed
Publisher: AEI Press,
Place of Publication: Washington, D.C.
Date: (1990)
Extent: 142-65.

Notes: Reprints chapter from Lerner's 1987 book The Thinking Revolutionary . See above.

Reference: 1223
Author: Lerner, Max
Title: Thomas Jefferson, America's Philosopher King , ed. Robert Schmuhl.
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Place of Publication: New Brunswick NJ.
Date: (1996)
Extent: Pp. viii, 147.

Notes: TJ as hero of the Enlightenment. A concise, intelligent sketch with no surprising insights, although there are some perceptive comments about TJ's flaws as well as virtues. Focus is on politics, but discussion does not always seem cognizant of recent scholarship. Published posthumously from mss. left unfinished at the author's death.

Reference: 1353
Author: Lerner, Max
Title: "Ambiguity and Unity in Jefferson's Thought"
Publication: Society
Volume: 34
Date: (January/February, 1997)
Extent: 45-50.

Notes: Article drawn from final chapter and appendix of author's posthumously published 1996
Title: Thomas Jefferson: America's Philosopher King.
Claims TJ is not "schizoid" but reflects "both the positive and negative principles of later American national development." Hardly convincing.

Reference: 3027
Author: Lerski, Hanna
Title: "The British Antecedents of Thomas Jefferson's Architecture."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Johns Hopkins Univ
Date: (1958)
Extent: none

Notes: no note

Reference: 3028
Author: Lescaze, William
Title: "America Is Outgrowing Imitation Greek Architecture."
Publication: Magazine of Art
Volume: 30
Date: (1937)
Extent: 366-69

Notes: Criticizes classicism of the Jefferson Memorial and other official buildings.

Reference: 3029
Author: Lescure, Dolores
Title: "Garden Week Visitors to See Homes Designed by Jefferson."
Publication: Commonwealth, The Magazine of Virginia
Volume: 20
Date: (1953)
Extent: 46

Notes: no note

Reference: 498
Author: Lessay, Jean
Title: "Un ambassadeur très francophile Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Pages d'Ecritures.
Volume: 2
Date: (no. 18, 1988)
Extent: 8-10.

Notes: Conventional discussion of TJ's life in France; claims he is "un très grand `bourgeois de gauche'."

Reference: 693
Author: Levasseur, Antoine
Title: Lafayette in America in 1824 and 1825
Publisher: Carey and Lea
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1829)
Extent: 1:212-21

Notes: Describes Lafayette's visit to TJ at Monticello.

Reference: 2329
Author: Levin, David
Title: "Cotton Mather's Declaration of Gentlemen and Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence."
Publication: New England Quarterly
Volume: 50
Date: (1977)
Extent: 509-14

Notes: Without claiming that TJ read Mather, asserts, "New England Puritanism gave to the American Revolution ... the concept, the language, and the historical example of a moderate revolution that would restore ancient liberties without turning loose an ungovernable mob."

Reference: A42
Author: Levinson, Sanford
Title: "Self-Evident Truths in the Declaration of Independence."
Publication: Texas Law Review
Volume: 57
Date: (1979)
Extent: 847-58.

Notes: Review essay of Morton White's Philosophy of the Revolution (1979) and Garry Wills's Inventing America (1978). Praises each for concentrating on TJ's epistemology, i.e. the notion of self-evident truths, although they take different stands toward it. Explores their discussion of TJ as moral discourse and considers the way in which the past is or is not relevant for the present.

Reference: 2330
Author: Levitsky, Ihor.
Title: "The Tolstoy Gospel in the Light of the Jefferson Bible."
Publication: Canadian Slavonic Papers
Volume: 21
Date: (1979)
Extent: 347-55

Notes: Compares TJ's Life and Morals of Jesus with Tolstoy's My Confession and What I Believe. They share a belief in the necessity of discriminating between the teachings of Christ and the teachings of churches, but TJ, unlike Tolstoy, did not tamper with authori~ed text beyond selecting from it, and he eliminated the miraculous events which Tolstoy often retained.

Reference: 335
Author: Levy, Leonard W.
Title: "Civil Liberties"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson: A Reference Biography, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (see above).
Publisher: Scribners,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1986)
Extent: 331-348.

Notes: Offers a vigorous condensation of the position first set forward in his 1963 Jefferson and Civil Liberties: The Darker Side . This provides an even more dramatic shattering of the image of TJ as the "plaster saint" of libertarianism, but it also reveals the tendency to caricature his position. "Explains" the disparity between TJ's powerful expressions of civil rights and his actual practice in terms of his supposed timidity, vanity, and shallowness. Claims he "had no systematic and consistent philosophy of freedom," and he was thus ill-equipped to deal with issues that came up such as the Burr business, General Wilkinson, etc., having no more than "ritualistic affirmation of nebulous and transcendental truths" to support him. Effective demolition of TJ as plaster saint, but not so good at explanation.

Reference: 677
Author: Levy, Richard
Title: "The First Inaugural Address of Thomas Jefferson: The Founding of the American Republic."
Publication: M.A. thesis.
Publisher: University of Chicago,
Date: (1966)
Extent: pp. 116.

Reference: 1258
Author: Levy, Philip
Title: “Exemplars of Taking Liberties: The Iroquois Influence Thesis and the Problem of Evidence,”
Publication: William and Mary Quarterly
Volume: 53
Date: (1996)
Extent: 588-604.

Notes: Rejects the thesis of Donald A. Grinde, Jr., and Bruce E. Johansen that the framers of the Constitution were significantly influenced by the Iroquois League's Great Law of Peace; contends that Grinde and Johansen make their case by misreading, among others, TJ. See also the essay by Samuel B. Payne, Jr. on pp. 605-620 of this issue of the WMQ. that also disputes Grinde and Johansen, as well as their reply to Levy and Payne on pp. 621-636.

Reference: 694
Author: Levy, Jefferson M.
Title: "Monticello, the Home of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Yearbook ... 1912-13
Publisher: Sons of the American Revolution, Empire State Society
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1913)
Extent: 68-74

Notes: The owner of Monticello defends his possession.

Reference: 1766
Author: Levy, Leonard W.
Title: "The Emergence of an American Libertarian Theory"
Publication: Legacy of Suppression: Freedom of Speech and Press in Early American History.
Publisher: Harvard Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Cambridge
Date: (1960)
Extent: 249-312

Notes: Gives TJ least possible amount of credit for evolving libertarian principles and most blame for contradictory practice during his administration.

Reference: 1767
Author: Levy, Leonard W.
Title: Jefferson & Civil Liberties, The Darker Side
Publisher: Harvard Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Cambridge
Date: (1963)
Extent: pp. xv, 225

Notes: Argues that, although TJ was a libertarian who was an important worker for American civil liberties, he "never once risked career or reputation to champion free speech, fair trial, or any other libertarian value. On many occasions he was on the wrong side. On others he trimmed his sails and remained silent." Not all readers will agree with this book, but those wishing to deal with the subject must take account of it.

Reference: 1768
Author: Levy, Leonard
Title: "Jefferson as a Civil Libertarian"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson: The Man ... His World ... His Influence, ed. Lally Weymouth
Publisher: Putnam's
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1973)
Extent: 189-215

Notes: The dark side of TJ's record. "A philosopher of freedom without a philosophy of freedom," he was poorly equipped to confront what he saw as challenges to freedom or to recognize how his own actions or those of his supporters threatened it.

Reference: 1769
Author: Levy, Richard
Title: "The First Inaugural Address of Thomas Jefferson: The Founding of the American Republic."
Publication: M.A. thesis
Publisher: Univ. of Chicago
Place of Publication: Chicago
Date: (1966)
Extent: none given

Notes: no note

Reference: 3030
Author: Levy, Uriah P.
Title: "Statue of Jefferson. Letters from Lieutenant Levy, of the United States Navy, Presenting to Congress a Statue of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: 23rd Congress, 1st Session
Volume: No. 240. Ho. of Reps. Ex.
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1834)
Extent: none

Notes: Presents a "colossal bronze statue" executed in Paris by "the celebrated David."

Reference: 40
Author: Lewis, Monte Ross
Title: "Chickasaw Removal: Betrayal of the Beloved Warriors, 1794-1844." Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Texas,
Publication: DAI; 4906-A.
Volume: 42
Date: (1981)
Extent: pp.298.

Notes: Chapter two covers TJ's policies toward the Chickasaw nation while he was president. Eventual removal of the Chickasaw to Indian Territory was made possible by TJ's reversal of Washington's policy of guaranteeing the integrity of their homeland.

Reference: 121
Author: Lewis, Jan
Title: The Pursuit of Happiness: Family and Values in Jefferson's Virginia.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1983)
Extent: xix, 289.

Notes: Not specifically about TJ but discusses him and members of his family in passing through the book. First rate social history which has much to say about the values and experience of family life in Virginia, particularly among the literate middle and upper classes at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. After an opening portrayal of the pre-Revolutionary gentry, chapters are organized thematically around religion, death (TJ's response to his wife's death bridged two modes of mourning; his determination to reenter public life and obliterate the traces of his grief was typical of the eighteenth century, but his near collapse after her death prefigured later sentimental responses), worldly success, and love. A final chapter considers the transformation of values that took place between the revolutionary generation for whom civic affairs had been a way of life and the generation of their grandchildren who found greatest meaning in private family life.

Reference: 919
Author: Lewis, Jan
Title: "`The Blessings of Domestic Society': Thomas Jefferson's Family and the Transformation of American Politics," in Jeffersonian Legacies , ed. Onuf.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1993)
Extent: 109-146.

Notes: Examines TJ's family as “a realm of happiness that his political philosophy did not engage. ” His “explosions of love for his family,” expressions of affection and need, were usually made in contrast to the world of politics, and he tended to conceive of family as an extension of his self. This was among other things a strategy “to divest politics of the passions that threatened always to push it over the edge into violence,” but for women in the home the injunction to avoid conflict implicitly urged them to subordinate their desires to those of men.

Reference: 1065
Author: Lewis, James Eldon, Jr
Title: “'We Shall Have Good Neighbours': The American Union and The Collapse of the Spanish Empire, 1783-1829.”
Publication: Ph. D. dissertation, University of Virginia
Publication: DAI-A 55/05, 1365
Date: (1994)
Extent: Pp. 639.

Notes: Examines American policymaking in the early republic with particular attention to response by American statesmen toward the gradual collapse of the Spanish Empire. Explores the thinking of TJ, along with that of Madison, Monroe, J. Q. Adams, and Henry Clay.

Reference: 1066
Author: Lewis, Jan
Title: “Variations on a Theme by Jefferson,”
Publication: Reviews in American History
Volume: 22
Date: (1994)
Extent: 32-38.

Notes: Review essay of Fliegelman's Declaring Independence . Thoughtful, appreciative discussion of Fliegelman's claims for the role of the “new rhetoric” in the drafting and promulgation of the Declaration and of their implications for understanding TJ's sentimentalism, his reconstruction of power relations in his society, his racism. Sees the influence of Foucault hovering over the book, both as an enabler of important insights and as encouraging a mystification of politics by approaching it only through culture.

Reference: 1354
Author: Lewis, James E., Jr
Title: "Jefferson's Mississippi Crisis and the Problem of Union, 1801-1803"
Publication: Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers,
Date: (1997)
Extent: 271-79.

Notes: Argues that TJ's central concern about the West in 1801 was the threat posed to the union of the eastern and western states by French control of the Mississippi and the contingent threat posed to the economic prospects of western settlers. This was ultimately a problem of "neighborhoods," and TJ and Madison resolved it by using the Founders' solution of federal union, eventually deciding to expand the union beyond the Mississippi.

Reference: 695
Author: Lewis, Alfred Henry
Title: "Jefferson's Grand Day: A Pregnant Scene from the Drama of American Independence."
Publication: Everybody's Magazine
Volume: 7
Date: (1902)
Extent: 561-70

Notes: Romanticized, dramatic, and inaccurate version of the Fourth of July, 1776.

Reference: 1770
Author: Lewis, Anthony Marc
Title: "Jefferson and the American Union, 1769-1781."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Michigan
Date: (1946)
Extent: none given

Notes: no note

Reference: 1771
Author: Lewis, Anthony Marc
Title: "Jefferson and Virginia's Pioneers, 1774-1781."
Publication: MVHR
Volume: 34
Date: (1948)
Extent: 551-88

Notes: TJ was interested in encouraging settlers in Kentucky with cheap land, secure tenure, and military defense; he worked to control land speculators and as governor took an active interest in military affairs in the West.

Reference: 1772
Author: Lewis, Anthony M.
Title: "Jefferson's Summary View as a Chart of Political Union."
Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 5
Date: (1948)
Extent: 34-51

Notes: Analysis of A Summary View shows that TJ "more clearly perhaps than did any of his contemporaries, ... forecast a desirable division of sovereign powers between the local and the imperial sphere." At the same time, it foretells "his constant support of an American confederacy."

Reference: 2331
Author: Lewis, Joseph
Title: Jefferson the Freethinker
Publisher: Freethought Publishing Co.
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1925)
Extent: pp. (10)

Notes: TJ the materialist opposed by the forces of bigotry and superstition.

Reference: 3031
Author: Lewis, Clayton W.
Title: "Style in Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia."
Publication: Southern Review
Volume: 14
Date: (1978)
Extent: 668-76

Notes: Claims that "In language, content, style, and organization, Notes takes its form from reflexively related processes, and these in turn are reflexes of the activity and processes of nature itself." Content of Notes not so much the empirical State of Virginia as it is "the process of Jefferson's experience of the human and natural condition in Virginia." Suggestive.

Reference: 1773
Author: Libby, O. G.
Title: "Political Factions in Washington's Administrations."
Publication: The Quarterly Journal
Volume: 3
Date: (1913)
Extent: 293-318

Notes: Contends that political factions in first four congresses did not reflect pre-constitutional divisions of federalists and anti-feds nor was there any real party organization, mostly because of the absence of talented party leaders. Hamilton "lacked ability to lead men," and TJ would find his key issues only during the Adams administration.

Reference: 175
Author: Libiszowska, Zofia
Title: Tomasz Jefferson.
Publisher: Zaklad Narodowy Imienia Ossolinskich-wydawnictwo,
Place of Publication: Wroclaw [Poland]:
Date: (1984)
Extent: 305.

Notes: In Polish.

Reference: 1774
Author: Lichtenstein, Gaston
Title: Thomas Jefferson as War Governor, Also Three Travel Articles and Some North Carolina History
Publisher: William Byrd Press
Place of Publication: Richmond, Va.
Date: (1925)
Extent: 9-42

Notes: Quotes extensively from TJ's correspondence, but offers little critical or analytical comment and that diffuse and digressive.

Reference: 2332
Author: Lichtenstein, Stanley
Title: "Caricaturing the Fathers."
Publication: Christian Century
Volume: 72
Date: (1955)
Extent: 999

Notes: Letter to the editor protesting the Indianapolis school system's presentation of TJ as favoring religious instruction in the university and tax support for the education of clergy.

Reference: 499
Author: Liebman, Rosanna
Title: "A Genteel Lesson in Urban Sprawl: Recent Additions to the University of Virginia Campus."
Publication: Architecture
Volume: 77
Date: (February, 1988)
Extent: 56-61.

Notes: Updates Carleton Knight's article of 1985 (see above) by describing four new buildings which remain faithful to the spirit of TJ.

Reference: 920
Author: Lienesch, Michael
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the American Democratic Experience: The Origins of the Partisan Press, Popular Political Parties, and Public Opinion," in Jeffersonian Legacies , ed. Onuf.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1993)
Extent: 316-39.

Notes: Argues that TJ's contribution to the creation of forms of American democratic experience was highly ironic, was the product of a troubled transition from republicanism to liberalism, and reflected a difficult passage from eighteenth-century to nineteenth-century political ways. At the beginning of the 1790s TJ thought of the press as a defender of the people against government, but by the middle of the decade he began to think of it in increasingly partisan terms as a medium for debate with other newspapers representing other points of view. At the same time TJ's conception of the nature of parties changed, acting more like a party leader even though he continued t profess to be above party. With the Genet affair, however, TJ, who had opened American politics to public opinion, found the power of that opinion turned against him, his party, and the republican cause.

Reference: 3032
Author: Lieuallen, Roy Elwayne
Title: "The Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Conceptions in Higher Education."
Publication: Ed.D. dissertation
Publisher: Stanford Univ
Date: (1955)
Extent: pp. 355

Notes: Concludes that "Since Jeffersonianism and Jacksonianism in education represent a single conception, that of equalitarianism, the terms are inappropriately used (by some twentieth-century educators) to designate contrasting conceptions." DAI 15/03, p. 355.

Reference: 696
Author: Lilienthal, Helen and David
Title: "Thomas Jefferson One Hundred Years After."
Publication: The Outlook
Volume: 143
Date: (1926)
Extent: 322-24

Notes: Review essay.

Reference: 1180
Author: Limbaugh, Rush
Title: “The Thomas Jefferson Crime Bill,”
Publication: The Limbaugh Letter
Volume: 4
Date: (January, 1995)
Extent: 5.

Notes: Quotes sections on criminal law and punishment selectively from TJ's revision of the Virginia laws in order to urge tougher policies toward present-day criminals.

Reference: 1355
Author: Limerick, Patricia Nelson
Title: "Explaining Ourselves: Jefferson, History, and the Changing West"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and the Changing West , Ronda ed.
Publisher: University of New Mexico Press
Place of Publication: Albuquerque
Date: (1997)
Extent: 185-94.

Notes: Essay reflecting on the earlier contributions to this volume. Suggests that if the original Jeffersonian version of the West, "mappable, knowable, chartable, assimilatable, controllable, plannable, manageable," was never going to happen, we might still draw inspiration from a sentiment in his correspondence with John Adams: "You and I ought not to die, before We have explained ourselves to each other."

Reference: 697
Author: Lincoln, Abraham
Title: "To Henry L. Pierce and Others"
Publication: Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler
Publisher: Rutgers Univ. Press
Place of Publication: New Brunswick
Date: (1953)
Extent: 3:374-76

Notes: Famous letter replying to an invitation to attend a celebration in Boston of TJ's birthday; "The principles of Jefferson are the definitions and axioms of a free society." Given wide circulation at the time in the Republican press; cited here in a readily available and authoritative edition.

Reference: 698
Author: Lincoln, Robert W.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Lives of the Presidents of the United States, and of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence
Publisher: N. Watson
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1833)
Extent: 97-130

Notes: Variously reprinted.

Reference: 3034
Author: Lincoln, A.
Title: "Jefferson and the West."
Publication: Pacific Discovery
Volume: 17
Date: (1964)
Extent: 24-29

Notes: Sketch on sending out Lewis and Clark.

Reference: 3035
Author: Lincoln, A.
Title: "Jefferson the Scientist."
Publication: Pacific Discovery
Volume: 17
Date: (1964)
Extent: 10-15

Notes: Sketch of TJ's natural history interests and the botanical specimens sent back by Lewis and Clark.

Reference: 2333
Author: Lindley, Thomas F., Jr.
Title: "The Philosophical Presuppositions of Thomas Jefferson's Social Theories."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Boston Univ
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1952)
Extent: none

Notes: no note

Reference: 1109
Author: Lindop, Edmund
Title: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson: Presidents Who Dared .
Publisher: Twenty-First Century Books,
Date: (1995)

Notes: Juvenile for ages 9-12. Washington dared to establish a cabinet, TJ to found a political party, etc.

Reference: 699
Author: Lindsay, Barbara
Title: "Henry Adams' History: A Study in Limitations."
Publication: Western Humanities Review
Volume: 8
Date: (1954)
Extent: 99-110.

Notes: Argues that Adams turns his history of TJ's and Madison's administrations into "an ironic demonstration of the futility of human aspirations.

Reference: 3036
Author: Lindsay, Vachel
Title: The Litany of Washington Street
Publisher: Macmillan
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1929)
Extent: pp. xii, 121

Notes: Basically a prose and verse celebration of Whitman as a Jeffersonian democrat. TJ treated passim; final chapter extolls his principles worked out in opposition to Hamilton. "... at the end of a thousand years, Jefferson's ideas will prevail."

Reference: 3037
Author: Lindsay, Vachel
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's One Thousand Years."
Publication: World Review
Volume: 8
Date: (1929)
Extent: 129

Notes: no note

Reference: 1775
Author: Lindsey, David
Title: "George Canning and Jefferson's Embargo, 1807-1809."
Publication: Tyler's Quarterly
Volume: l
Date: (1952)
Extent: 43-47

Notes: On Canning, who felt U. S. supplies and markets were not essential to the success of England's war against France.

Reference: 700
Author: Lingelbach, Anna Lane
Title: "Jefferson Today."
Publication: Current History
Volume: n.s. 5
Date: (1943)
Extent: 225-28

Notes: no note

Reference: 3038
Author: Link, Patricia
Title: "The Chien des Bergeres of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Pure-Bred Dogs American Kennel Gazette
Volume: 93
Date: (1976)
Extent: 25-28

Notes: Discusses TJ's sheep dogs, which were probably Briards.

Reference: 291
Author: Linn-Downs, Carren
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: A Psychohistorical Perspective on Personality Structure, Patriarchal Ideology, and Paradox." Ph.D. dissertation. The Wright Institute,
Publication: DAI 361-B.
Volume: 47
Date: (1986)
Extent: 217.

Notes: Applies psychoanalytic object relations theory to TJ as "a representative example of a large collective phenomenon." The theory supposes that women's raising of males creates effects on the personal and social levels, particularly in terms of the reproduction of patriarchy and male-dominated ideology. It also proposes that as a result of intrapsychic dynamics during the preoedipal stage males and females tend to develop differently; men tend to become idealized, and women become separated from male relations and activities, thus becoming, argues the author, excluded from history. Claims that evidence from TJ's life supports the contended correlation between the nature of early parenting and the institutionalization of a patriarchal worldview. This theory may well be essentially correct, but since so little is known about TJ's childhood, he does not seem to be the best example to prove it.

Reference: 701
Author: Linn, William
Title: The Life of Thomas Jefferson, Author of the Declaration of Independence, and Third President of the United States
Publisher: Mack and Andrus
Place of Publication: Ithaca, N.Y.
Date: (1834)
Extent: pp. 267

Notes: "A compilation exclusively." Pro-Jeffersonian.

Reference: 2334
Author: Lippmann, Walter
Title: American Inquisitors: A Commentary on Dayton and Chicago
Publisher: Macmillan
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1928)
Extent: pp. viii, 120

Notes: TJ a character in a recurring "Dialogue on Olympus" as the author ponders the irony of the man who professes to be TJ's most loyal disciple acting as a prosecutor in the Scopes trial. Socrates, however, has the last word.

Reference: 2335
Author: Lipson, Leslie
Title: "European Responses to the American Revolution."
Publication: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Volume: 428
Date: (1976)
Extent: 22-32

Notes: Europeans responded to the Declaration of Independence, the egalitarian claims it made, and the federalist structure of government. Jeffersonian and Hamiltonian versions of the Revolution each had their appeal. Competent overview.

Reference: 1010
Author: Lisanti, Linda M.
Title: Finding Isaac Jefferson: A Monticello Slave .
Publisher: TJ Memorial Foundation
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1991)

Notes: A classroom teaching unit for secondary school students. Not seen.

Reference: 2336
Author: List, Frederick
Title: Outlines of Political Economy, in a Series of Letters Addressed by Frederick List, esq. Late Professor of Political Economy at the University of Tubingen in Germany, to Charles J. Ingersoll, Esq., Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion of Manufacturers and the Mechanic Arts. To Which is Added the Celebrated Letters of Mr. Jefferson to Benjamin Austin, and of Mr. Madison to the Editors of the Lynchburg Virginian
Publisher: Samuel Parker
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1827)
Extent: pp. 40

Notes: Attempt to enlist TJ posthumously as a partisan of the American System .

Reference: 702
Author: Littell, Mary Clark
Title: "Mrs. Thomas Jefferson, Mistress of Monticello."
Publication: Western Humanities Review
Volume: 78
Date: (1956)
Extent: 15-16

Notes: Biographical sketch of Martha Wayles Jefferson.

Reference: 619
Author: Littin, Bud
Title: "Citizen Weather Observers."
Publication: Weatherwise
Volume: 43
Date: (1990)
Extent: 254-59.

Notes: TJ began the tradition of volunteer citizen weather observers.

Reference: 500
Author: Little, David
Title: "Religion and Civil Virtue in America: Jefferson's Statute Reconsidered"
Publication: The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, ed. Peterson and Vaughan (see above)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1988)
Extent: 237-56.

Notes: Looks at the claims of Ronald Reagan, William J. Bennett, and Richard John Neuhaus, among others, that there is a necessary connection between religion and civic virtue, and allows that one can find support for such a position in TJ's writings. Points out, however, that there is also a very different and competing theme, more closely associated with the Virginia Statute, which denies any necessary relation between civil virtue and religion. On this basis a just political order may not presuppose a set of commonly held religious beliefs but must respect "serious religious inquiry, reflection, encounter, and exchange." Coming within this area of respect are expressions of non-Christian and even non-theistic belief, but at the same time claims a continuity between Roger Williams, TJ, and Madison which "presupposes a doctrine of the human person that could not be surrendered without surrendering the entire frame of reference from which our basic civil institutions gain their meaning."

Reference: 561
Author: Little, Betty H.
Title: "A Jefferson Chronology."
Publisher: Cobblestone
Volume: 10
Date: (September, 1989)
Extent: 20-21.

Notes: A calendar of events, for young readers.

Reference: A43
Author: Little, Bryan
Title: "Cambridge and the Campus: An English Antecedent for the Lawn of the University of Virginia."
Publication: Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
Volume: 79
Date: (1971)
Extent: 190-201.

Notes: Discusses the building of Downing College and the East India Company's Haileybury College in the context of "Oxbridge" architectural history. Downing and Haileybury Colleges were built in the decades just before the construction of the University of Virginia, but there is not much evidence for TJ's familiarity with them. Mildly interesting but finally inconclusive and peripheral.

Reference: 703
Author: Little, Charles J.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson. April 13, 1743: July 4, 1826."
Publication: The Chautauquan
Volume: 14
Date: (1891)
Extent: 141-45

Notes: Biographical sketch playing off general praise against specific criticism.

Reference: 704
Author: Little, Robert
Title: A Funeral Sermon on the Death of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, Ex-Presidents of the United States, Preached on Sunday Evening, July 16, 1826, in the First Unitarian Church, Washington City.
Publisher: Bartow & Brannan
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 22

Notes: Pays particular attention to TJ and defends his religious opinions; argues that the simultaneous death is a sign of God's orderly governance of the universe.

Reference: 1776
Author: Little, David
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Religious Views and Their Influence on the Supreme Court's Interpretation of the First Amendment."
Publication: Catholic University Law Review
Volume: 26
Date: (1976)
Extent: 57-72

Notes: Contends that because religious beliefs "were finally irrelevant and unimportant to Jefferson ... he believed they should be set apart and fenced off from the world of action."

Reference: 2337
Author: Little, David
Title: "The Origins of Perplexity: Civil Religion and Moral Belief in the Thought of Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: American Civil Religion, ed. Russell E. Richey and Donald G. Jones
Publisher: Harper and Row
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1974)
Extent: 185-210

Notes: Suggestive criticism of TJ's ethical position for obscuring disparities among religious belief, moral beliefs, and civic responsibility.

Reference: 3039
Author: Little, Ralph
Title: "Portable Desks."
Publication: Decorator
Volume: 6
Date: (1952)
Extent: 6-7

Notes: Describes TJ's desk and warns against accepting claims that the replicas made in 1876 are the original.

Reference: 705
Author: Littleton, Mrs. Martin W.
Title: Monticello
Date: (1912)
Extent: unpag.

Notes: Attempt to raise money and congressional support for public acquisition of Monticello.

Reference: 706
Author: Littleton, Mrs. Martin W.
Title: One Wish
Date: (1911)
Extent: pp. (16).

Notes: Her wish is to make Monticello a national shrine; an opening shot in the campaign to acquire Monticello.

Reference: 678
Author: Liu, Tso-ch'ang
Title: Chieh-fei-hsun chuan
Place of Publication: Beijing:
Publisher: Chung-kuo she hui k'o hsüeh ch'u pan she,
Date: (1990)
Extent: pp. 2, 11, 509.

Notes: Biography, in Chinese. Not seen.

Reference: 2338
Author: Livermore, George
Title: An Historical Research Respecting the Opinions of the Founders of the Republic on Negroes as Slaves, as Citizens, and and as Soldiers. Read Before the Massachusetts Historical Society, August 14, 1862
Publisher: John Wilson
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1862)
Extent: pp. 215

Notes: Also in Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. 6(1863), 86-248. Touches on TJ and quotes from statements opposing slavery and from those describing the black race's supposed intellectual inferiority.

Reference: 707
Author: Lizanich, Christine M.
Title: "'The March of This Government': Joel Barlow's Unwritten History of the United States."
Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 33
Date: (1976)
Extent: 315-30

Notes: TJ encouraged Barlow to write a history of the Revolution from a republican point of view. Four essays, printed here for the first time, survive of Barlow's effort.

Reference: 122
Author: Llewellyn, Robert
Title: Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.
Publisher: Thomasson-Grant,
Place of Publication: Charlottesville:
Date: (1983)
Extent: 112.

Notes: A collection of handsome color photographs taken by Llewellyn; foreword by Dumas Malone; commentary by Charles Granquist.

Reference: 150
Author: Llewellyn, Robert
Title: "A New View of Monticello."
Publication: Historic Preservation.
Volume: 35
Date: (no. 5, 1983)
Extent: 48-51.

Notes: Photographs.

Reference: 1181
Author: Lloyd, Stephen
Title: “Richard and Maria Cosway -- and Thomas Jefferson,”
Publication: Apollo
Volume: ns. 142
Date: (September, 1995)
Extent: 57-59.

Notes: Response to an exhibit at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in 1995. Discusses the Cosways' lives, work, and international social circle, which included TJ.

Reference: 3041
Author: Locigno, J. P.
Title: "Jefferson on Church and State in Education."
Publication: Religious Education
Volume: 64
Date: (1969)
Extent: 172-75

Notes: no note

Reference: 770
Author: Lockridge, Kenneth A.
Title: On the Sources of Patriarchal Rage: The Commonplace Books of William Byrd and Thomas Jefferson and the Gendering of Power in the Eighteenth Century.
Publisher: New York University Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1992)
Extent: pp. xi, 133.

Notes: Contends that TJ's entries in his literary commonplace book demonstrate a misogyny akin to that of William Byrd of Westover. However, the author does not deal successfully with the fact that these entries were made when TJ was young, before his marriage, and do not seem to be echoed in later writings or attitudes. Furthermore, there is insignificant recognition that many of these passages are represented speeches of literary characters, and thus are capable of being read in more complex ways than as simple psychoanalytic insights into the unconscious. There is a case here for adolescent gender anxiety, but it needs more sophisticated analysis and more careful use of the sources than is provided.

Reference: 620
Author: Lockwood, Alan and David Harris
Title: "A Luxury We Can't Afford."
Publication: Update on Law-Related Education
Volume: 14
Date: (Spring, 1990)
Extent: 37-41.

Notes: An exercise in ethical analysis and reasoning for secondary students which examines TJ's life and his attempts to reconcile his democratic principles with his ownership of slaves. Like many aids for educators of this sort, it suffers from limits to the amount of information it can provide, but it does point out that in making decisions in cases such as this "we often feel we need more information" and invites students to search it out. Reprinted from the authors' Publication: Reasoning with Democratic Values.
Publisher: Teachers College Press
Place of Publication: New York:
Volume: I
Date: (1985)
Extent: 54-66.

Reference: 708
Author: Logan, Rayford W., ed.
Title: Memoirs of a Monticello Slave: As Dictated to Charles Campbell in the 1840's by Isaac, One of Thomas Jefferson's Slaves
Publisher: Tracy W. MacGregor Library
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1951)
Extent: pp. 45

Notes: Published simultaneously in WMQ. 3rd ser. 8(1951), 561-82. Introduction discusses the history of this mss. from the Univ. of Virginia Library and compares it to an apparently later mss. in the William and Mary Library. Isaac claimed that Sally Hemings and some other of the Hemings "was old Mr. Wayles' children."

Reference: 832
Author: Loi, Maria Cristina
Title: Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826: Primo Architetto Americano .
Publisher: CittàStudi
Place of Publication: Milan
Date: (1993)
Extent: pp. 165.

Notes: Well-informed and thorough account of TJ's work as an architect and of his architectural interests. Sees his architecture as strongly innovative in response to work by his contemporaries and as presenting in an exemplary way the “American experience. ” In Italian.

Reference: 3042
Author: Lokensgaard, Hjalmar O.
Title: "Aristocratic Elements in Jefferson's Educational Plans."
Publication: M.A. thesis
Publisher: Univ. of Iowa
Date: (1932)
Extent: none

Notes: no note

Reference: 1777
Author: Lokke, Carl Ludwig
Title: "Jefferson and the Leclerc Expedition."
Publication: AHR
Volume: 33
Date: (1928)
Extent: 322-28

Notes: TJ's support for French recovery of St. Domingo was exaggerated in Pichon's reports to Bonaparte.

Reference: 709
Author: Long, Edward John
Title: "Shadwell: Jefferson's Birthplace."
Publication: The Iron Worker
Volume: 26
Date: (1962)
Extent: 1-7

Notes: On the attempt to determine what Shadwell looked like in TJ's time and to reconstruct it.

Reference: 710
Author: Long, E. John
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, Master Craftsman."
Publication: The Carpenter
Volume: 82
Date: (1962)
Extent: 10-14

Notes: TJ as handyman.

Reference: 711
Author: Long, H. Jack
Title: "Last Letters from the Valiant."
Publication: Manuscripts
Volume: 28
Date: (1976)
Extent: 195-201

Notes: Adams Describes TJ's and Adams's last letters; insignificant.

Reference: 1778
Author: Long, Everett Lee
Title: "Jefferson and Congress: A Study of the Jeffersonian Legislative System, 1801-1809."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Missouri
Date: (1966)
Extent: pp. 494

Notes: TJ as president took a pragmatic and moderate course in dealing with Congress in order to attract to the Republican party the broad center of political opinion and in order to respect the sensitivities of Congress members. Discusses executive initiative of legislation, use of floor leaders in Congress, the party caucus, and executive oversight of legislation. DAI 27/04A, p. 1017.

Reference: 3043
Author: Long, Edward John
Title: "Living Links with Jefferson."
Publication: American Forests
Volume: 60
Date: (1954)
Extent: 20-23, 48-51

Notes: On the grounds at Monticello, including seven trees of his planting.

Reference: 3044
Author: Long, O. W.
Title: Thomas Jefferson and George Ticknor: A Chapter in American Scholarship
Publisher: McClelland Press
Place of Publication: Williamstown, Mass.
Date: (1933)
Extent: pp. 39

Notes: Ticknor visited TJ at Monticello, discussed books and education with him. "Through achievements at the University of Virginia, which was the idol of his old age, Jefferson inspired young Ticknor in his efforts for reforms at Harvard, especially in the direction of elective studies."

Reference: 427
Author: Looby, Christopher
Title: "The Constitution of Nature: Taxonomy as Politics in Jefferson, Peale, and Bartram."
Publication: Early American Literature
Volume: 22
Date: (1987)
Extent: 252-73.

Notes: Contends that in early republican America taxonomic construction of the natural order was "a rehearsal, so to speak, of social and political construction." TJ's "overwhelmingly static, synchronic presentation of knowledge in the Notes on Virginia was intended to foster" a social and political homogeneity demanded by his "reactionary anxiety." A strong point, but ignores TJ's welcoming of generations' independence from each other, the possibility of recurrent revolutionary violence, and other recognitions of the inevitability of change.

Reference: 1779
Author: Lorant, Stefan
Title: "The Fourth Election: 1800" and "The Fifth Election: 1804"
Publication: The Presidency: A Pictorial History of the Presidential Elections from Washington to Truman
Publisher: Macmillan
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1951)
Extent: 43-65

Notes: Popular history with interesting illustrations.

Reference: 1224
Author: Lord, Jill Marie
Title: “Educating an American Architect: Robert Mills, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Henry Latrobe.”
Publication: M. Arch. Hist. thesis. University of Virginia
Date: (1996)
Extent: pp. vi, 89.

Reference: 713
Author: Lord, John
Title: "Thomas Jefferson. Popular Sovereignty"
Publication: Beacon Lights of History
Publisher: Fords, Howard, and Hulbert
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1894)
Extent: 7:22 1-76.

Notes: Sketch with underlying Federalist bias.

Reference: 714
Author: Loring, George B.
Title: Celebration of the Birth-day of Thomas Jefferson at Salem Mass., April 1st, 1859. Oration by Dr. Geo. B. Loring
Publisher: The Advocate Office
Place of Publication: Salem
Date: (1859)
Extent: pp. 23.

Notes: Oration celebrates TJ as politician, statesman, and philanthropist; the pamphlet also details the rest of the ceremony organized by the the National Democrats of Essex County.

Reference: 151
Author: Loss, Richard
Title: "Thomas Jefferson Versus Wellesley High School."
Publication: Teaching Political Science: Politics in Perspective
Volume: 11
Date: (Fall, 1983)
Extent: 15-19.

Notes: Contends that one reason for concern with the quality of American high schools concerns the limits their performance places on what colleges or universities can accomplish. Uses TJ's views of education as criteria to judge the education he received in Wellesley MA. Wellesley High is considered to be an excellent school, at least compared to those in seriously disadvantaged communities, but it fell far short of realizing its potential or what TJ hoped schools would accomplish.

Reference: 715
Author: Lossing, Benson J.
Title: "Jefferson Caricatured."
Publication: American Historical Record
Volume: 1
Date: (1872)
Extent: 63-66.

Notes: On a caricature of TJ putting the Constitution upon an "Altar to Gallic Despotism" after the disclosure of the Mazzei letter.

Reference: 716
Author: Lossing, Benson J.
Title: "Monticello."
Publication: Harper's Monthly Magazine
Volume: 7
Date: (1853)
Extent: 145-60.

Notes: Account of a visit to Monticello in the early 1850's and of TJ's life there.

Reference: 717
Author: Lossing, Benson J.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Biographical Sketches of the Signers of the Declaration of American Independence: The Declaration Historically Considered
Publisher: George F. Coolidge & Brother
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1848)
Extent: 174-83.

Notes: Often reprinted and similar material in other Lossing collections; also note pp. 244-309 which sketch the historical background of the Declaration, examine the charges against George III, and find them valid.

Reference: 718
Author: Lossing, Benson J.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, the Third President of the United States"
Publication: Lives of the Presidents of the United States
Publisher: H. Phelps & Co.
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1847)
Extent: 39-48

Notes: no note

Reference: 1780
Author: Lotts, Velma Capps
Title: "Jefferson's Pre-Presidential Criticism of the Federal Judiciary."
Publication: Marshall Review
Volume: 3
Date: (1940)
Extent: 27-33

Notes: Competent survey, but nothing new.

Reference: 1026
Author: Loui, Sizanne Jeanette
Title: “Practical Transcendentalism: The Role of Nature in the Political Theories of Thomas Jefferson and Ralph Waldo Emerson.”
Publication: Ph. D. dissertation, St. Louis University
Publication: DAI-A 56/06, 2297
Date: (1994)
Extent: Pp 241.

Notes: Argues for a kinship between TJ and Emerson because each believes in the moral autonomy of citizens, that the moral sense can be strengthened through interaction with nature, and that cultivation of the moral sense is essential for the success of a democracy. Claims that TJ's response to the material forms of nature “is distinguished by an enthusiastic appreciation for the transcendent reality which he perceives” through it. Calls Jefferson a “Practical Transcendentalist. ” Maybe so, but probably not in these terms; TJ's suspicion of philosophical idealism is well-established, and depending upon a shared appreciation of nature may lead to a reductive notion of Emersonian transcendentalism.

Reference: 1781
Author: Lovett, Robert Morss
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase."
Publication: New England Magazine
Volume: n.s. 1
Date: (1890)
Extent: 569-77

Notes: The Purchase as TJ's accomplishment.

Reference: 719
Author: Luca, A. Toussaint
Title: "Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826"
Publication: Ceux qui ont fait l'Amerique
Publisher: G. Roustan
Place of Publication: Paris
Date: (1918)
Extent: 145-84.

Notes: no note

Reference: 562
Author: Lucas, Stephen E.
Title: "Justifying America: The Declaration of Independence as a Rhetorical Document"
Publication: American Rhetoric: Context and Criticism, ed. Thomas W. Benson.
Publisher: Southern Illinois University Press,
Place of Publication: Carbondale:
Date: (1989)
Extent: 67-130.

Notes: Rhetorical analysis used to demystify the Declaration. Points out that the Declaration itself was not the first priority of Congress in 1776 nor was TJ seen as a pivotal figure in it, although his writing skills were respected. Detailed examination of the five sections of the Declaration--the introduction, the preamble, the indictment of George III, the denunciation of the British people, and the conclusion--demonstrates the truth of TJ's later denial of any interest "to say things which had never been said before" and reveals the ways in which the Declaration "merely adhered to the features of declarations as a genre of political discourse." Careful attention to contemporary understanding of diction and rhetorical strategy as well as to contemporary reception enhance the value of this clear-headed and well-researched essay which sheds light on both TJ's and Congress's thinking about the Declaration.

Reference: 921
Author: Lucas, Ann M.
Title: "Jefferson's Print Collection"
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 144
Date: (July, 1993)
Extent: 86-91.

Notes: At his death TJ owned more than a hundred prints as well as an important collection of maps, cipy plans and architectural engravings. He patronized and promoted American print makers.

Reference: 1067
Author: Lucas, Stephen E.
Title: “The Plakkaat van Verlatinge : A Neglected Model for the American Declaration of Independence”
Publication: in HoefteRosemarijn and Kardux, Johanna C., eds. Connecting Culture: The Netherlands in Five Centuries of Transatlantic Exchange [European Contributions to American Studies 31 (1994)]
Publisher: VU University Press
Volume: 31
Place of Publication: Amsterdam:
Date: (1994)
Extent: 187-207.

Notes: Argues that the 1581 Plaakaat , also known as the Act of Abjuration, may have been a model for the argument of the Declaration of Independence because, unlike the English Declaration of Rights it spoke to the point about rejecting an unjust king. Points out parallels in structure and argument, while admitting that there are few parallels in language. Finally settles for it as being one of several possible source documents since there is no direct evidence that TJ, unlike Adams or Franklin, knew the Plaakaat .

Reference: 3045
Author: Lucas, Frederic A.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Paleontologist."
Publication: Natural History
Volume: 26
Date: (1926)
Extent: 328-30

Notes: Brief comments.

Reference: 3046
Author: Lucke, Jessie Ryon
Title: "Some Correspondence with Thomas Jefferson Concerning the Public Printers."
Publication: Papers of the Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia
Volume: 1
Date: (1948)
Extent: 25-37

Notes: Letters to TJ from various printers, brief introduction.

Reference: 1782
Author: Luckwaldt, Friedrich
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Meister der Politik. Eine Weltgeschichtliche Reihe von Bildnessen, hgb. Erich Marcks und Karl Alexander von Muller
Publication: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt
Place of Publication: Stuttgart
Date: (1922)
Extent: 2:275-324

Notes: no note

Reference: 720
Author: Ludlow, J. M.
Title: "A Gallery of American Presidents."
Publication: Macmillan's Magazine
Volume: 12
Date: (1865)
Extent: 292-94

Notes: Superficial sketches of early presidents, including TJ.

Reference: 721
Author: Ludlow, L. L.
Title: "The Vision of Jefferson."
Publication: Vital Speeches
Volume: 6
Date: (1940)
Extent: 479-80

Notes: TJ is "the greatest humanitarian 19 centuries have produced since the great human God trod the hills of Nazareth."

Reference: 563
Author: Ludlum, David
Title: "Bad Weather and the Bastille."
Publication: Weatherwise
Volume: 42
Date: (June, 1989)
Extent: 141-42.

Notes: Weather-related bread crises helped bring on the French Revolution. TJ's weather diary tells us that July 14, 1789, was cloudy with rain in the morning, ending by afternoon. Temperature at 7 a.m. was 61 degrees Fahrenheit, rising to 72 degrees at 2 p.m., while the relative humidity dipped from 95% to 78% by his measurements.

Reference: 722
Author: Ludlum, David M.
Title: "The Washington and Jefferson Snowstorm."
Publication: Weatherwise
Volume: 10
Date: (1957)
Extent: 187-88, 212

Notes: The snowstorm which began on the day TJ returned to Monticello with Martha Wayles Jefferson was the worst in 150 years.

Reference: 2339
Author: Luebke, Fred C.
Title: "The Development of Thomas Jefferson's Religious Opinions, 1743-1800."
Publication: M.A. thesis
Publisher: Claremont Graduate School
Date: (1958)
Extent: none

Notes: no note

Reference: 2340
Author: Luebke, Fred C.
Title: "The Origins of Thomas Jefferson's Anti-Clericalism."
Publication: Church History
Volume: 32
Date: (1963)
Extent: 344-56

Notes: Argues that TJ's attitude toward the clergy had its origins in the slanderous attacks of Federalist ministers during the election of 1800.

Reference: 679
Author: Luker, Ralph E.
Title: "Garry Wills and the New Debate over the Declaration of Independence,"
Publication: Virginia Quarterly Review
Volume: 56
Date: (1980)
Extent: 244-61.

Notes: Focus on Wills, but informative about recent issues in explaining TJ and the Declaration. Describes Wills's intellectual background and describes his Inventing America as "a distributive reconstruction of the Declaration" and Wills's major critics as representing the "libertarian, traditionalist, and anti-Communist strands on the American Right." Notes that Wills reverses Becker's approach to the text by beginning with a consideration of the history of grievances and petitions to King and Parliament, then considering TJ's irritation with Congress at changes to his text (which Becker had minimized), particularly at Congress's elimination of all traces of his theory of expatriation. Puts Inventing America in the context of other scholarship on TJ and the Declaration as well as in the context of recent contemporary political controversy on the Right.

Reference: 723
Author: Lustrac, Jean de, Baron
Title: Jefferson et la France
Publication: Bergerac
Date: (1960)
Extent: pp.32

Notes: Not located.

Reference: 3047
Author: Luther, Frederick N.
Title: "Jefferson as a Naturalist."
Publication: Magazine of American History
Volume: 13
Date: (1885)
Extent: 379-90

Notes: Survey of TJ's scientific interests.

Reference: 2341
Author: Luttrell, Clifton B.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson on Money and Banking: Disciple of David Hume and Forerunner of Some Modern Monetary Views."
Publication: History of Political Economy
Volume: 7
Date: (1975)
Extent: 156-73

Notes: Contends that TJ's monetary views are consistent with those of David Hume and, allowing for the general substitution of demand deposits for bank notes, are similar to those of some leading economists today.

Reference: 724
Author: Lydenberg, Harry Miller
Title: "What Did Macaulay Say About America?"
Publication: Bulletin of the New York Public Library
Volume: 29
Date: (1925)
Extent: 459-81

Notes: Best account of Macaulay's famous letter to Henry S. Randall and its reception in the popular press; prints all of Macaulay's correspondence with Randall, including a partial retraction.

Reference: 1783
Author: Lydon, James G.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Mathurins."
Publication: Catholic Historical Review
Volume: 49
Date: (1963)
Extent: 192-202

Notes: TJ used members of the Mathurins, or Order of the Holy Trinity, to aid in redemption of American captives from the Barbary pirates in 1787-90.

Reference: 726
Author: Lyman, T. P. H.
Title: The Life of Thomas Jeffeson, Esq., LL.D., Late Ex-President of the United States. Arranged and Compiled from Original Documents
Publisher: D. & S. Neall
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. xi, 111.

Notes: Apologetic biography of TJ as one of those who "not only go for men in the vast catalogue of nations; but they are men upon the list of reason, and of Heaven."

Reference: 1784
Author: Lyman, Jane Louise
Title: "Jefferson and Negro Slavery."
Publication: Journal of Negro Education
Volume: 16
Date: (1947)
Extent: 10-27

Notes: Explains away TJ's views on race, presenting him as an opponent of slavery.

Reference: 1785
Author: Lynch, William O.
Title: "Jefferson the Liberal."
Publication: Indiana Magazine of History
Volume: 40
Date: (1944)
Extent: 41-47

Notes: General sketch of TJ's political life.

Reference: 2342
Author: Lynd, Staughton
Title: "Beard, Jefferson and the Tree of Liberty."
Publication: Mid-continent American Studies Journal
Volume: 9
Date: (1968)
Extent: 8-22

Notes: Claims TJ was most strongly influenced by the agrarian strain of Whiggism inherited from Bolingbroke rather than the artisan radicalism of Paine; in spite of many agreements, in the long run the two streams diverged. By the mid-19th century in Europe agrarianism was dead, but TJ's agrarianism lived on in an America of available unused land. Beard was a latter-day Jeffersonian who tried to impose the static dichotomy of agrarian whiggism on American history.

Reference: 2343
Author: Lynd, Staughton
Title: "The Earth Belongs to the Living"
Publication: Intellectual Origins of American Radicalism
Publisher: Pantheon
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1968)
Extent: 67-69

Notes: Background to TJ's views on private property; contends TJ's theory was radical in principle but his practice was conservative.

Reference: 725
Author: Lyne, Cassie Moncure
Title: "A Romance of Monticello."
Publication: National Republic
Volume: 19
Date: (1931)
Extent: 24-25

Notes: TJ's wedding gift to Ellen Randolph Coolidge.

Reference: 2344
Author: Lynn, Kenneth S.
Title: "Falsifying Jefferson."
Publication: Commentary
Volume: 66
Date: (1978)
Extent: 66-71

Notes: Review essay criticizing Wills' Inventing America; "the tendentious report of a highly political writer whose unannounced but nevertheless obvious aim is to supply the history of the Republic with as pink a dawn as possible." Asserts TJ's position was essentially Lockean.