Reference: 295
Author: Sabin, Francene
Title: Young Thomas Jefferson.
Publisher: Troll Associates,
Place of Publication: Mahwah NJ:
Date: (1986)
Extent: 48.

Notes: Juvenile, illustrated by Robert Baxter. TJ as the all-American boy; expands a bit loosely upon the facts.

Reference: 1057
Author: Sachs, Jules R.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson in Paris."
Publication: The American Society Legion of Honor Magazine
Volume: 26
Date: (1955)
Extent: 55-75

Notes: Rambling discussion of TJ in Paris, emphasizing the impact of its cultural life; minor.

Reference: 3244
Author: Sadler, Elizabeth Hatcher
Title: The Bloom of Monticello
Publisher: Whittet and Shepperson
Place of Publication: Richmond
Date: (1925)
Extent: pp. 20

Notes: TJ's life at Monticello with special attention to his plants and gardens; minor.

Reference: 579
Author: Saillant, John Daniel
Title: "Letters and Social Aims: Rhetoric and Virtue from Jefferson to Emerson." Ph.D. dissertation. Brown University,
Publication: DAI 2543-A.
Volume: 50
Date: (1989)
Date: (1990)
Extent: 372.

Notes: Compares TJ's Paine's, Dwight's, and Madison's concepts of virtue. Describes the first three, despite some obvious differences, as "sentimental republicans" who believed that virtue was an activity intended to promote social unity. Madison, in contrast, was a "liberal republican" who justified the pursuit of individual rights and interests under a constitutional, but strictly scrutinized, government.

Reference: 1940
Author: Saint, Percy
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and Government by Party."
Publication: Louisiana Historical Quarterly
Volume: 8
Date: (1925)
Extent: 41-51

Notes: TJ was unjust and unreasonable in disliking John Marshall and Patrick Henry, but he helped to establish "a government which requires organized self-restraint to perpetuate it," so we should ignore his rhapsodies and unrealities about liberty.

Reference: 1058
Author: Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Premiers Lundis
Publisher: Michel Levy Freres
Place of Publication: Paris
Date: (1874)
Extent: 1:126-53

Notes: Review essay originally appearing February 4, 1833, on L. P. Conseil's Melanges ....

Reference: 1059
Author: Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin
Title: Thomas Jefferson et Tocqueville. Avec une Introduction par Gilbert Chinard
Publisher: Princeton Univ. Press for Institut Francais de Washington
Place of Publication: Princeton
Date: (1943)
Extent: pp. 43

Notes: Reprints two reviews of Conseil's Melanges ..., originally appearing in 1833 in the National. "En Jefferson, Sainte-Beuve voyait un de 'ces guides de genie' qui devoit aider a l'avenement de 'cette liberte' europeene, dont renfantement s'opare depuis plus de quarante ans dans le sang et dans les larmes de tous."'

Reference: 270
Author: Saito, Makoto
Title: "`Dokoritsu Sengen' ni okeru bunri to togo: T. Jefuason ni yoru `Dokoritsu' no rukai." ["Separation and Integration in the Declaration of Independence: The Meaning of the Declaration According to T. Jefferson].
Publisher: Kokkagakai Zasshi [Japan].
Volume: 98 no. 9-10,
Date: (1985)
Extent: 1-37.

Notes: A longer, more fully argued version of the following entry, but in Japanese.

Reference: 271
Author: Saito, Makoto
Title: "What Was Meant by `Independence' in the Declaration of Independence?"
Publication: Japanese Journal of American Studies
Volume: 2
Date: (1985)
Extent: 49-57.

Notes: Discusses the Summary View as background for the Declaration and argues that TJ saw the colonies as forced to dissolve a union which they had voluntarily formed with Great Britain. The Declaration announced not so much the independence of subordinates but the separation of a group of states from another state which they had formerly affiliated with on equal terms. The Declaration is thus important as a document strengthening American unity and as one announcing separation.

Reference: 3245
Author: Salamanca, Lucy
Title: Fortress of Freedom; The Story of the Library of Congress
Publisher: Lippincott
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1942)
Extent: pp. 445

Notes: TJ's contributions discussed on pp. 93-116; the usual.

Reference: 3246
Author: Salmon, Myrene
Title: "L'Enfant and the Planning of Washington, D.C."
Publication: History Today
Volume: 26
Date: (1976)
Extent: 699-706

Notes: Describes L'Enfant's role in planning the city and his quarrels with the commissioners; TJ as Secretary of State was concerned about L'Enfant's progress.

Reference: 1941
Author: Salstrom, P.
Title: "Individualism to Community Land."
Publisher: Green Revolution
Volume: 32
Date: (1975)
Extent: 1

Notes: no note

Reference: 1079
Author: Salter, Mary Jo
Title: “The Hand of Thomas Jefferson” in Sunday Skaters .
Publisher: Knopf
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1994)
Extent: 79-93.

Notes: Long poem in three parts on TJ. First section, “Philadelphia, 1776,” considers TJ and the Declaration; the second, “Paris, 1786,” focuses on TJ and Maria Cosway, and the last, “Monticello, 1826,” looks at the correspondence with Adams.

Reference: 442
Author: Salviati, Yvette
Title: "La `Barque secrete' d'un demi-dieu: Thomas Jefferson dans La Virginienne ."
Publication: Mythes, Croyances et Religions dans le Monde Anglo-Saxon
Volume: 5
Date: (1987)
Extent: 165-85.

Notes: On the portrayal of TJ in Barbara Chase-Riboud's novel, originally published as Sally Hemings in 1979, translated into French as La Virginienne . This journal published by Section d'anglais, Faculté des lettres et des sciènces humaines, Université de Avìgnon.

Reference: 756
Author: Salviati, Yvette.
Title: "Mythe et Realite dans Dernieres Annees de l' Ancien Regime: Thomas Jefferson à Paris (1784-1789),"
Publication: Mythes, Croyances, et Religions dans le Monde Anglo-Saxon [France]
Volume: 9
Date: (1991)
Extent: 103-14

Notes: Not seen.

Reference: 1305
Author: Samuelson, Richard A.
Title: Poles Together: Thomas Jefferson & John Adams.
Publisher: Seminar Press, University of Virginia Division of Continuing Education
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1997)
Extent: pp. 22.

Notes: An essay commissioned for use in the Divisions 1997 seminar in Oxford, England, emphasizing fundamental agreements beneath their differences.

Reference: 1377
Author: Samuelson, Richard A.
Title: "What Adams Saw Over Jefferson's Wall"
Publication: Commentary
Volume: 104
Date: (August, 1997)
Extent: 52-54.

Notes: War between religious and secular positions goes back to the Founding, but it also includes differences of opinion among the Enlighteners such as John Adams and TJ. Claims TJ wanted to make religion rational in order to free men's minds from the abuses perpetrated in the past by religious institutions, but Adams felt that the religious impulse was inherent in man and attempting to uproot it was misguided. Perhaps exaggerates the difference here; TJ did not intend to "uproot" the religious impulse, and Adams was not much given to enthusiastic religious "impulses."

Reference: 3247
Author: Sanchez, Ramon
Title: "Jefferson, The Founder of the Ideology of Democratic Education."
Publication: Journal of Education
Volume: 155
Date: (1973)
Extent: 45-55

Notes: Argues that to find a TJ who is the basis of a theory of democratic education we must turn to the author of the Declaration rather than the author of the Virginia proposals.

Reference: 3248
Author: Sand, Norbert
Title: "Classics in Jefferson's Theory of Education."
Publication: Classical Journal
Volume: 40
Date: (1944)
Extent: 92-98

Notes: TJ believed the classics were models of pure style and taste, their study was conducive to happiness and satisfaction, and they were "stores of real science." His sense of utility in educational matters was broad enough to provide a basic place for classics.

Reference: 773
Author: Sandak, Cass R.
Title: The Jeffersons.
Publisher: Crestwood House,
Date: (1992)
Extent: pp. 48.

Notes: Juvenile, ages 9-12. Account of TJ's life and of his family with focus on events of his presidency. Part of a series on “First Families. ”

Reference: 1060
Author: Sandburg, Carl
Title: "Jefferson's Surest Memorial"
Publication: Home Front Memo
Publisher: Harcourt Brace
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1943)
Extent: 260-62

Notes: The best memorial is not in marble but in the democratic spirit.

Reference: 3249
Author: Sandefur, Ray H.
Title: "Logan's Oration: How Authentic?"
Publication: Quarterly Journal of Speech
Volume: 46
Date: (1960)
Extent: 289-96

Notes: Logan did indeed dictate the speech which "was probably as accurately reported as any speech given in similar circumstances could be." TJ's text probably came from the version published in New York in 1775.

Reference: 3250
Author: Sanders, Gold V.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Inventions."
Publication: Popular Science
Volume: 148
Date: (1946)
Extent: 104-13

Notes: Monticello's gadgets.

Reference: 443
Author: Sanderson, Jane
Title: "Jefferson's Descendent Becomes a Living Memorial."
Publication: People Weekly.
Volume: 27
Date: (January 26, 1987)
Extent: 80-81.

Notes: Roberts Coles III, a descendant of TJ, bears a strong physical resemblance and has developed a one-man show entitled "Meet Thomas Jefferson" in which he impersonates his ancestor.

Reference: 2435
Author: Sandler, S. Gerald
Title: "Lockean Ideas in Thomas Jefferson's Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom."
Publication: Journal of the History of Ideas
Volume: 21
Date: (1960)
Extent: 110-16

Notes: Claims to demonstrate the relation between TJ's reading notes on Locke, his Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, and Locke's Letter Concerning Toleration.

Reference: 179
Author: Sanford, Charles B.
Title: The Religious Life of Thomas Jefferson.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia,
Place of Publication: Charlottesville:
Date: (1984)
Extent: 246.

Notes: Focuses on TJ's religious ideas, seeking to project a vision of him as, in the terms of the initial chapter, a "religious person." Attempts to discover a TJ safe for a Christianity more conventional than his own, one in which belief and faith are more important than reason and principle and in which TJ, "when he was not being unduly influenced by his Enlightenment authors," recognized "higher concepts of God." Chapters on TJ's Bibles are written without benefit of consulting Dickinson W. Adams's work and before the publication of the Papers edition of Extracts from the Gospels , and they are consequently dated. The fullest attempt to deal with a significant theme in TJ's life and thought, sometimes suggestive but ultimately disappointing.

Reference: 1116
Author: Sanford, Douglas Walker
Title: “The Archaeology of Plantation Slavery at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello: Context and Process in an American Slave Society.”
Publication: Ph. D. dissertation, University of Virginia
Publication: DAI 56/09, 3630
Date: (1995)
Extent: Pp. 372.

Notes: Considers TJ's written records and other documents along with the results of intensive excavations at seven slave quarter sites. Argues for the importance of interpreting archeological data in the context of information about the evolving slave plantation system, of national and of international history. Surviving artifacts give evidence of the slaves' resources for social flexibility.

Reference: 2436
Author: Sanford, Charles L.
Title: "The Art of Virtue: Franklin and Jefferson"
Publication: The Quest for Paradise: Europe and the American Moral Imagination.
Publisher: Univ. of Illinois Press
Place of Publication: Urbana
Date: (1961)
Extent: 114-34

Notes: TJ as a culture hero who virtually abandoned the Puritan view of unregenerate man and cleared the way for "the creation of an American Adam by romantic nationalism."

Reference: 3251
Author: Sanford, Charles B.
Title: Thomas Jefferson and His Library
Publisher: Archon
Place of Publication: Hamden, Conn.
Date: (1977)
Extent: pp. 211

Notes: Studies TJ's reading interests, book acquisition, and library organization and finds evidence for a deep interest in religion and Biblical scholarship as well as confirmation of wide reading in ethical literature. Best book on this subject.

Reference: 51
Author: Sanoff, Alvin
Title: "Washington, Jefferson, Adams: Out of Their Depth Today?"
Publication: U.S. News & World Report
Volume: 91
Date: (July 6, 1981)
Extent: 44-45.

Notes: A conversation with Dumas Malone, who suggests that TJ and John Adams would feel ill at ease in contemporary America because of its size, complexity, and commercialization.

Reference: 241
Author: Santrey, Lawrence
Title: Thomas Jefferson.
Publisher: Troll Associates,
Place of Publication: Mahwah NJ:
Date: (1985)
Extent: 30.

Notes: Juvenile. Illustrations by Allan Eitzer. A hero for primary grade readers.

Reference: 1061
Author: Sarles, Frank B.
Title: "The Jefferson National Expansion Memorial."
Publication: Journal of the West
Volume: 7
Date: (1968)
Extent: 193-202

Notes: Account of the activities of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, begun in 1933-34, to establish a monument to TJ, the Louisiana Purchase, and the opening of the trans-Mississippi West.

Reference: 3252
Author: Sarton, May
Title: "Monticello"
Publication: The Lion and the Rose
Publisher: Rinehart
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1948)
Extent: 15

Notes: Poem.

Reference: 580
Author: Sassaman, Richard
Title: "Bone Man in the President's House: Jefferson as Farmer and Gardener."
Publisher: Cobblestone
Volume: 10
Date: (September, 1989)
Extent: 33-35.

Notes: Juvenile. TJ's interest in paleontology.

Reference: 581
Author: Sassaman, Richard
Title: "The Original `Big Cheese'."
Publication: American History Illustrated.
Volume: 23
Date: (January 1989)
Extent: 34-35.

Notes: Popular account of Elder John Leland and the Cheshire Cheese of 1802.

Reference: 3253
Author: Savin, Marion B. and Harold J. Abrahams
Title: "The Botanical Library of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
Volume: 74
Date: (1959)
Extent: 44-52

Notes: Discusses TJ's interest in botany; documents books on botany which he owned. Useful.

Reference: 3254
Author: Savin, Marion B. and Harold J. Abrahams
Title: "The Zoological Library of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
Volume: 74
Date: (1958)
Extent: 98-109

Notes: Comments on 43 books TJ owned on the subject.

Reference: 1942
Author: Sawvel, Franklin B.
Title: "Introduction"
Publication: The Complete Anas of Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: Round Table Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1902)
Extent: none given

Notes: Describes the background of the Anas, points out serious problems in editions relying on the H. A. Washington edition of 1854.

Reference: 954
Author: Sawyer, Rebecca
Title: "Presidential Plot"
Publication: Country Living
Volume: 16
Date: (July, 1993)
Extent: 29-30, 132.

Notes: On TJ as gardener.

Reference: 2437
Author: Scaff, Lawrence A.
Title: "Citizenship in America: Theories of the Founding"
Publication: The Non-Lockean Roots of American Democratic Thought, ed. Joyotpaul Chaudhuri
Publisher: Univ. of Arizona Press
Place of Publication: Tucson
Date: (1977)
Extent: 44-73

Notes: Argues that TJ "points us toward the prototypical American solution for democratic citizenship."

Reference: 1943
Author: Scanlon, James E.
Title: "A Sudden Conceit: Jefferson and the Louisiana Government Bill of 1804."
Publication: Louisiana History
Volume: 9
Date: (1968)
Extent: 139-62

Notes: TJ composed the bill establishing a government for Louisiana, but John Breckinridge of Kentucky introduced it and the authorship was kept secret. Describes the debate on the bill.

Reference: 2438
Author: Schaar, John H.
Title: "... And the Pursuit of Happiness."
Publication: VQR
Volume: 46
Date: (1970)
Extent: 1-26

Notes: Discusses the changing notions of happiness in America, including TJ's, which turns out to have ironic consequences.

Reference: 1063
Author: Schachner, Nathan
Title: "Jefferson: The Man and the Myth."
Publication: American Mercury
Volume: 65
Date: (1947)
Extent: 46-52

Notes: "Jefferson's place among the progenitors of the democratic way is unassailable."

Reference: 1064
Author: Schachner, Nathan
Title: Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: Appleton-Century
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1951)
Extent: 2 vols. pp. xiii, 559; vii, 561-1070

Notes: An intelligent, generally sympathetic biography.

Reference: 1944
Author: Schachner, Nathan
Title: "Jefferson: A Slippery Politician."
Publication: American Mercury
Volume: 46
Date: (1939)
Extent: 49-55

Notes: Politicians of every stripe quote him because "Jefferson was the most inconsistent of men."

Reference: 3255
Author: Schafer, Bruce H.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Architect and Statesman, 17431826."
Publication: Telesis (The Architectural Student Journal)
Date: (1976)
Extent: 3-7

Notes: Surveys architectural activities; insignificant.

Reference: 2439
Author: Schaff, David S.
Title: "The Bellarmine-Jefferson Legend and the Declaration of Independence."
Publication: Papers of the American Society of Church History
Volume: 2nd ser. 8
Date: (1928)
Extent: 239-76

Notes: Argues convincingly that the theory concerning Bellarmine's influence on TJ and George Mason is unsupported and there are essential differences between Bellarmine~s theory of government and that behind the Declaration. Printed separately, New York: Putnam's, 1927, pp. 40.

Reference: 1945
Author: Schapsmeier, Edward L. and Frederick H.
Title: "The Hamilton-Jefferson Confrontation: Origins of the American Political System."
Publication: Social Sciences
Volume: 46
Date: (1971)
Extent: 139-47

Notes: Argues that "A synthesis of ideas took place along with a readiness to compromise which gave birth to a nonideologically oriented political system."

Reference: 222
Author: Scharnhorst, Gary
Title: "The Virginian as Founding Father."
Publication: Arizona Quarterly
Volume: 40
Date: (1984)
Extent: 227-41.

Notes: Contends that the title character of Owen Wister's The Virginian is based on the figures of George Washington and TJ. Describes the Virginian as "Jefferson in chaps and spurs" for his belief in natural rights, in agrarianism, and in egalitarianism. Supports the argument with discussion of Wister's avowed interest in and knowledge of both TJ and Washington.

Reference: 3257
Author: Scheffel, Richard L.
Title: "Presidential Bird Watcher."
Publication: Audubon Magazine
Volume: 63
Date: (1961)
Extent: 138-39

Notes: TJ could identify over 100 birds, knew Alexander Wilson's and Mark Catesby's work on ornithology.

Reference: 3258
Author: Scheffel, Richard Leon
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Student of Natural History, An Essay."
Publication: M.S. thesis
Publisher: Cornell Univ
Date: (1960)
Extent: pp. 61

Notes: no note

Reference: 3256
Author: Scheick, William J.
Title: "Chaos and Imaginative Order in Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia"
Publication: Essays in Early Virginia Literature Honoring Richard Beale Davis, ed. J. A. Leo LeMay
Publisher: Burt Franklin
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1977)
Extent: 221-34

Notes: The ideal imaginative order of "a temperate liberty" is the underlying aesthetic vision of Notes, and TJ applies it variously to landscape, law, and the moral sense. Suggestive.

Reference: 1946
Author: Schellenburg, T. R.
Title: "Jeffersonian Origins of the Monroe Doctrine."
Publication: Hispanic American Historical Review
Volume: 14
Date: (1934)
Extent: 1-31

Notes: As early as August 1822 TJ began advocating an American system; influenced by the writings of the Abbe Pradt, he developed the idea in letters with the Abbe Correa and James Monroe. TJ "more than any other individual was responsible for the basic doctrine of Monroe's message of 1823."

Reference: 1272
Author: Scherr, Arthur
Title: “From Europe to America: Medical and Gender Themes in Late Eighteenth-Century Politics,”
Publication: Midwest Quarterly
Volume: 37
Date: (Winter, 1996)
Date: (195-)
Extent: 214.

Notes: Examines partisan discourse between TJ and John Adams in order to illustrate the importance of “sexist-patriarchal politics in a refined 18 ^th century blend of machismo and misogyny. ” A cult of manliness functioned as an underlying political axiom from the 1790s to the 20 ^th century, justifying male dominance in the political arena.

Reference: 1947
Author: Scherr, Arthur
Title: "The 'Republican Experiment' and the Election of 1796 in Virginia."
Publication: West Virginia History
Volume: 37
Date: (1976)
Extent: 89-108

Notes: Members of each party in Virginia were aware of the importance of this election for the success of the democratic process; Virginians' pride in national history overcame sectional differences when Adams won out over TJ.

Reference: 3259
Author: Schick, Joseph S.
Title: "Poe and Jefferson."
Publication: VMHB
Volume: 54
Date: (1946)
Extent: 316-20

Notes: Claims TJ could have met Poe and also influenced "the formulation of the principles of accuracy and brevity in the evolution of his literary technique."

Reference: 757
Author: Schleifer, James T.
Title: "Jefferson and Tocqueville," in
Publication: Interpreting Tocqueville's Democracy in America, ed. Ken Masugi.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Place of Publication: Savage, MD
Date: (1991)
Extent: 178-203

Notes: Compares the political and social thinking of TJ and Tocqueville, who read the Virginian's writing in the two-volume Conseil edition of 1833 and who referred to him frequently in Democracy in America. Tocqueville shared fundamental assumptions about human nature with TJ, including the equality of human beings. They similarly shared a strongly critical attitude toward the institution of slavery and of the difficulty, even the impossibility, of blacks and whites living along side each other after abolition. Tocqueville believed this so stronly that he thought the slave owners ought to retain slavery as long as possible for their own protection. Tocqueville, however, did not share TJ's suspicion that blacks were physically and mentally inferior. He also did not share TJ's suspicion of a too powerful judiciary, although he did share his concern about too powerful legislatures. He overlooked the historical development of TJ's thought, endorsing only the early phase. A useful essay for its quotations from unpublished Tocqueville mss. and working papers.

Reference: 2440
Author: Schlesinger, Arthur M.
Title: "The Lost Meaning of 'The Pursuit of Happiness'."
Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 21
Date: (1964)
Extent: 325-27

Notes: "Pursuit" means practice of happiness.

Reference: 1273
Author: Schmidt, Frederick
Title: “The Firmest of Friends: James Madison and Thomas Jefferson,”
Publication: Cobblestone
Volume: 17
Date: (March, 1996)
Extent: 13-17.

Notes: In a magazine for young readers, discusses the TJ-Madison partnership. Side-bar article on p. 15 comments on Dolley Madison's role as “A Stand-in First Lady. ”

Reference: 1065
Author: Schmidtchen, P. W.
Title: "Apostle of American Democracy; Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Hobbies
Volume: 74
Date: (1969)
Extent: 104-05, 116-17

Notes: Sketch of TJ as aristocratic democrat, slaveowner, and deist.

Reference: 104
Author: Schmitt, Gary J.
Title: "Sentimental Journey: Garry Wills and the American Founding."
Publication: Political Science Reviewer
Volume: 12
Date: (Fall, 1982)
Extent: 99-128.

Notes: Severe critique of Wills for arguing from extremely inadequate evidence, and claims he has not succeeded in turning TJ's Declaration into a product of the Scottish Enlightenment.

Reference: 444
Author: Schmitt, Gary J.
Title: "Jefferson and Executive Power: Revisionism and the `Revolution of 1800.'"
Publication: Publius
Volume: 17
Date: (Spring, 1987)
Extent: 7-25.

Notes: Discusses the seeming contradiction between TJ's determined opposition to Hamilton's conception of a strong chief executive and his own exercise of presidential power. Argues that TJ understood the need for executive power, particularly after his experience as governor of Virginia, but that he undertook to limit the presidency's formal powers, e.g. by means of his style of "republican simplicity," accepting the two-term limit, etc. TJ understood as well as Hamilton the need for potentially expansive executive authority to meet unforseen contingencies, but he presumably hoped to keep the presidency from becoming a "form of government, the principal branches of which may be beyond the [people's] control."

Reference: 1066
Author: Schmucker, Samuel M.
Title: The Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: John E. Potter
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1857)
Extent: pp. xiii, 400

Notes: Often reprinted biography which finds as TJ's chief fault "a pusillanimous and morbid terror of popular censure, and an insatiable thirsting after popular praise" which kept him from recognizing the depravity of most humans. Title pages of early editions spell author's name as Smucker.

Reference: 2441
Author: Schneider, Herbert W.
Title: "The Enlightenment in Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Ethics
Volume: 53
Date: (1943)
Extent: 246-54

Notes: Argues that the enlightened quality of TJ's religion comes from "the merging of religious liberty and liberal religion." Temperamentally a stoic, he took an increasingly pessimistic view of history but maintained his faith in human nature.

Reference: 3260
Author: Schonberg, Harold C.
Title: "Jefferson and the Piano."
Publication: The Piano Teacher
Volume: 4
Date: (1962)
Extent: 11-12

Notes: no note

Reference: 1067
Author: Schouler, James
Title: Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: Dodd Mead
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1893)
Extent: pp. vi, 252

Notes: Balanced account of TJ's life: "Jeffersonism is modern America."

Reference: 1948
Author: Schouler, James
Title: "First Administration of Thomas Jefferson" and "Second Administration of Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: History of the United States of America, Under the Constitution. Vol. II. 1801-1817
Publisher: Dodd Mead
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1882)
Extent: 1-204

Notes: Balanced view of TJ and his administration; conceded the usual flaws, no "military instinct," dissimulation, etc., he is still a philosophic statesman who had some great successes as president and at least one failure (the Embargo). Suggests that had he made a tour of New England while president, much of the mutual distrust might have subsided.

Reference: 582
Author: Schulte, Doris C.
Title: "`A Young Gardener'."
Publisher: Cobblestone
Volume: 10
Date: (September, 1989)
Extent: 36-37.

Notes: Juvenile. Sketchy account of TJ as gardener/farmer.

Reference: 1068
Author: Schulte, Nordholt J. W.
Title: "Adams en Jefferson als Getuigen van Hun Tijd."
Publisher: Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis
Volume: 83
Date: (1970)
Extent: 212-25

Notes: "Adams and Jefferson as Witnesses of Their Time." TJ more than Adams can be taken as a reliable witness because of his objectivity, not his natural reserve keeps him from giving many facts in his writing.

Reference: 1949
Author: Schulte, Nordholt J. W.
Title: "De Onafhankelijkheidsverklaring: Droom of Richtsnoer."
Publisher: Kleio
Volume: 17
Date: (1976)
Extent: 1071-84

Notes: "The Declaration of Independence: Dream or Guidepost." Discusses Declaration and TJ's role, concluding that it remains a guide for most Americans.

Reference: 160
Author: Schulz, Constance B.
Title: "`Of Bigotry in Politics and Religion': Jefferson's Religion, The Federalist Press and the Syllabus."
Publication: Virginia Magazine of History and Biography.
Volume: 91.
Date: (1983)
Extent: 73-91.

Notes: Intelligently discusses the Federalist attacks on TJ's supposed religious principles during the first term of his presidency; credits them (along with Priestley's Jesus and Socrates Compared ) with motivating him to write the Syllabus of the merits of the doctrines of Jesus which he sent to Benjamin Rush and also with reawakening his curiosity about theological matters. Thus sees TJ's interest in religion as at first reactive, motivated by a desire to counter accusations of irreligion, but then becoming an interest for its own sake.

Reference: 272
Author: Schulz, Constance B.
Title: "Essay Review: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
Volume: 109
Date: (1985)
Extent: 69-80.

Notes: Discusses Volume 20 of the Papers and Jefferson's Extracts from the Gospels , the first volume in the new "Second Series" of the Papers . Gives an excellent brief account of Boyd's conception and handling of the Papers project, including the evolution of its editorial practices. Notes the disadvantages of Boyd's "growing and ardent identification with Jefferson's political cause" which led to longer notes, attacks on the historical contributions of others such as Hamilton, and sometimes to an undercutting of the persuasiveness of the documents themselves. If Volume 20 is "vintage Boyd," the Extracts volume shows signs of a new direction which upholds Boyd's tradition of scholarly rigor and excellence even as it meets demands for more rapid publication and accessibility.

Reference: 1080
Author: Schulz, Constance B.
Title: "Pondering Mr. Jefferson's Documentary Legacy: An Essay Review"
Publication: Register of the Kentucky Historical Society
Volume: 92
Date: (1994)
Extent: 73-79.

Notes: Scholarly explanation and analysis of TJ's career and era is relatively ephemeral, destined to be replaced by later generations, but the work of editors of TJ's papers and his library catalogue presents a permanent record.

Reference: 2442
Author: Schulz, Constance B.
Title: "The Radical Religious Ideas of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams: A Comparison."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Cincinnati
Place of Publication: Cincinnati
Date: (1973)
Extent: pp. 307

Notes: TJ identified with the deists more readily than Adams did, in part because his opponents included conservative New England clergy and not, as in Adams' case, supporters of French radicalism. DAI 34/04A, p. 1839.

Reference: 1950
Author: Schurman, Jacob G.
Title: "Jefferson and the Public Policies of Today."
Publication: Univ. of Virginia Alumni Bulletin
Volume: 3rd ser. 4
Date: (1911)
Extent: 219-36

Notes: no note

Reference: 1378
Author: Schwabach, Aaron
Title: "Jefferson and Slavery"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson Law Review
Volume: 19
Date: (Spring, 1997)
Extent: 63-90.

Notes: Overview of TJ's positions on slavery, including his efforts to pass laws making manumission easier, keeping it out of the Northwest Territories, his racist attitudes about blacks, etc. Looks at contemporary laws about slaves and slave-holding, as well as attitudes toward blacks. Useful collection of details and facts, but presents no notable argument.

Reference: 105
Author: Schwartz, Ann
Title: "Jefferson's Garden Reborn."
Publication: Garden (New York Botanical Garden).
Volume: 6
Date: (November/December, 1982)
Extent: 6-11.

Notes: On the restoration of the Monticello gardens under Peter Hatch. This is possible both because TJ's memoranda record the plans and development of the garden and the orchard and because of ongoing archaeological research. Good treatment of the topic in terms of restoration procedures.

Reference: 1306
Author: Schwartz, Bernard, with Barbara Wilcie Kern, R. B. Bernstein
Title: Thomas Jefferson and Bolling v. Bolling: Law and the Legal Profession in Pre-Revolutionary America.
Publisher: Huntington Library
Place of Publication: San Marino, CA.
Date: (1997)
Extent: pp. viii, 557.

Notes: Prints a mss. in the Huntington Library that gives George Wythe's arguments for the plaintiff and TJ's for the defendant in an equity case involving the terms of a will by Edward Bolling in which he left bequests to his brothers Archibald, the plaintiff here, and Robert. Long, scholarly introduction covers the status of legal education in pre-Revolutionary America, TJ's own education and career as a lawyer, and what was involved in Bolling v. Bolling. Author finds that more important than the intrinsic legal issues here is the insight into the nature and process of legal argument demonstrated by TJ and Wythe as well as into the state of legal advocacy in America in the 1770s. Although there is some suggestion that TJ won his case, there is no conclusive evidence about who won this suit.

Reference: 1951
Author: Schwartz, Bernard
Title: "Jefferson-Madison Correspondence"
Publication: The Great Rights of Mankind: A History of the American Bill of the American Bill of Rights
Publisher: Oxford Univ. Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1977)
Extent: 115-18

Notes: Inconclusive comments on the letters on proposed Bill of Rights.

Reference: 1081
Author: Schwarz, Phillip J.
Title: “Jefferson and the Wolf: The Sage of Monticello Confronts the Law of Slavery,”
Publication: OAH Magazine of History
Volume: 8
Date: (Summer 1994)
Extent: 18-22.

Notes: Argues that part of TJ's answer to the problem of slavery involved conforming to the laws regulating slavery. Examines the manner in which he translated statutory law concerning slavery into practice or custom in his plantation rules.

Reference: 1274
Author: Schwarz, Philip J.
Title: “Thomas Jefferson and the Law of Slavery” in
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
Place of Publication: Slave Laws in Virginia . Athens
Date: (1996)
Extent: 35-62.

Notes: TJ and other slaveholding American revolutionaries used the law to control their slaves, but they were also controlled by the same laws. Examines TJ's slaveholding in context of laws about slaveholding regulating behavior of slave and master, and points to differences between laws on the books and laws as actually enforced. Notes TJ's expressions against slavery but his more problematic record in respect to accepting and living with the laws supporting slavery. Also looks in more specific detail than most scholars at the actual provisions of the 1806 Virginia law on emancipation and its revision of 1816. A useful, detailed, balanced account.

Reference: 1379
Author: Schwarz, Benjamin
Title: "Renaissance Loser"
Publication: The Nation
Volume: 264
Date: (May 26, 1997)
Extent: 29-31.

Notes: Somewhat muddled review essay of books by Joseph Ellis and Conor Cruise O'Brien, which on the one hand are described as delivering "a terrible blow to an already battered reputation," but also as "wrongheaded" and with judgments based on "anachronisms."

Reference: 1380
Author: Schwarz, Benjamin C.
Title: "What Jefferson Helps to Explain"
Publication: Atlantic Monthly
Volume: 279
Date: (March, 1997)
Extent: 60-72.

Notes: Responds to Conor Cruise O'Brien's 1996 essay in this magazine. Argues that O'Brien mistakenly assumes that "the worst parts of America's past are unconnected to the others," and he tries "to deprive the United States of the figure central to what is singular and most admirable about the promise of American life." However, if TJ's rational, Enlightenment principles are central to the "American Creed," evangelical Christianity supplied the emotional force to initiate the bonding between whites and blacks that is required to realize that promise.

Reference: 1117
Author: Scott, Pamela
Title: Temple of Liberty: Building the Capitol for a New Nation .
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1995)
Extent: pp. xvi, 159.

Notes: An authoritative account that covers TJ's role in overseeing the design and direction of the Capitol, including the influence of his own architectural work and his interactions with the architects who worked on the early phases of the Capitol. Focus is on the evolution of the structure of the Capitol itself, from its original plans to the completion marked by the placement in 1916 of the sculpture in the House Wing's pediment, but useful for its account of TJ's involvement.

Reference: 1069
Author: Scott, Clinton Lee
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826"
Publication: These Live Tomorrow: Twenty Unitarian Universalist Biographies
Publisher: Beacon Press
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1964)
Extent: 47-60

Notes: Sketch emphasizing his Unitarian sympathies.

Reference: 1952
Author: Scott, William B.
Title: In Pursuit of Happiness: American Conceptions of Property from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century
Publisher: Indiana Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Bloomington
Date: (1977)
Extent: pp. xi, 244

Notes: TJ discussed passim, but not especially perceptively; conclusion is titled "The Lingering World of Thomas Jefferson."

Reference: 1070
Author: Scribner, Robert Leslie
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Rock Bridge."
Publication: Virginia Cavalcade
Volume: 4
Date: (1955)
Extent: 42-47

Notes: Account of TJ's ownership of the Natural Bridge and its visitors.

Reference: 1071
Author: Scruggs, C. G.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Monticello."
Publication: Progressive Farmer
Volume: 88
Date: (1973)
Extent: 87-88

Notes: no note

Reference: 1953
Author: Scruggs, J. H., Jr.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Views of Democracy and the Negro."
Publication: Alabama Historical Quarterly
Volume: 8
Date: (1946)
Extent: 95-102

Notes: Commenting, "Democracy is not a gift" but a "development of personality," quotes from Query XIV in Notes on the differences between black and white races.

Reference: 1954
Author: Sealove, Sandra
Title: "The Founding Fathers as Seen by the Marques de Casa-Irujo."
Publication: The Americas
Volume: 20
Date: (1963)
Extent: 37-42

Notes: Irujo became Spanish ambassador to the U. S. in 1796 and described TJ and others in letters now in the Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid.

Reference: 1955
Author: Sears, Louis M.
Title: "British Industry and the Embargo."
Publication: Quarterly Journal of Economics
Volume: 34
Date: (1919)
Extent: 88-113

Notes: Contends that the Embargo worked real hardships on British industry but that America lacked resolution to pursue the experiment.

Reference: 1956
Author: Sears, Louis Martin
Title: "Jefferson and the Embargo."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Chicago
Place of Publication: Chicago
Date: (1922)
Extent: none given

Notes: See next item.

Reference: 1957
Author: Sears, Louis M.
Title: Jefferson and the Embargo
Publisher: Duke Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Durham
Date: (1927)
Extent: pp. ix, 340

Notes: "... in urging the embargo Jefferson was pursuing not a hasty opportunism, but rather the logic of his entire philosophy of life," i.e. his essentially pacific theories, and "the exigencies of the situation revealed Jefferson as an administrator of a high order."

Reference: 2443
Author: Sears, Louis Martin
Title: "Democracy as Understood by Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Mid-America
Volume: n.s. 13
Date: (1942)
Extent: 85-93

Notes: TJ was a political democrat before he was a social democrat, but influenced by French thinkers and by native events like the Order of the Cincinnati, he hoped to transform society as well as the political order.

Reference: 2444
Author: Sears, Louis M.
Title: "Jefferson and the Law of Nations."
Publication: American Political Science Review
Volume: 13
Date: (1919)
Extent: 379-99

Notes: TJ was versed in the classic sources of international law, e.g. Grotius, Vattel, Puffendorf, but in face of the collapse of this "classical" school, he became a significant figure in the attempt to "reconstitute a new law of nations," even while appealing to the old authorities. The Embargo was a "grand experiment" whose failure was a "tragedy." Published in Spanish as "Jefferson y el derecho de las naciones." Inter-America. 4(1920), 181-93.

Reference: 1381
Author: Sedgewick, Jeffrey Leigh
Title: "Jeffersonianism in the Progressive Era"
Publication: Reason and Republicanism , ed. McDowell and Noble
Publisher: Rowman and Littlefield
Place of Publication: Lanham MD.
Date: (1997)
Extent: 189-204.

Notes: Diffuse attempt, ultimately a failure, to find much Jeffersonian influence in the era of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. Problem lies in a narrow understanding of TJ as an articulator of general democratic principles.

Reference: 3262
Author: Seeber, Edward D.
Title: "Critical Views on Logan's Speech."
Publication: Journal of American Folklore
Volume: 60
Date: (1947)
Extent: 130-46

Notes: Discusses the varying reception of Logan's speech, including TJ's version of it, and examines the evidence for its authenticity and its provenance.

Reference: 3263
Author: Seeber, Edward D.
Title: "Diderot and Chief Logan's Speech."
Publication: Modern Language Notes
Volume: 60
Date: (1945)
Extent: 176-78

Notes: Peripheral.

Reference: 445
Author: Seelye, John
Title: "Beyond the Shining Mountains: The Lewis and Clark Expedition as an Enlightenment Epic."
Publication: Virginia Quarterly Review
Volume: 63
Date: (1987)
Extent: 36-53.

Notes: Argues that TJ's Notes sketch out "an imperial plan for the United States, couched as a typical expression of Enlightenment inquiry." The demonstration of that spirit appears in the documents and records of the Lewis and Clark expedition. The expedition was mounted to verify TJ's beautiful visionary map of North America; its success realizes an epic dimension but its darker implications also dim "the lustre of the Enlightenment spirit with which it was conceived." Interesting essay, but a bit diffuse.

Reference: 470
Author: Selby, John E.
Title: The Revolution in Virginia, 1775-1783.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia,
Place of Publication: Charlottesville:
Date: (1988)
Extent: xii, 442.

Notes: TJ discussed passim . Focus is on military campaigns and the difficulties of supporting the Virginia war effort, but offers useful and illuminating material on TJ's years as a war governor of Virginia and his earlier efforts to new-model the Virginia legal code.

Reference: 806
Author: Selby, Nick
Title: “Revolutionary Figures in Canto XXXI” in Ezra Pound and America , ed. Jacqueline Kaye.
Publisher: Macmillan
Place of Publication: London
Date: (1992)
Extent: 114-31.

Notes: Explores the significance of Pound's notion that TJ “canalized” European traditions into American thought by taking advantage of “a nation of communication networks. ” According to the author, Pound in this Canto constructs TJ as a revolutionary figure to whom Pound can “correspond,” thus creating a text that “constantly makes us aware of the process of its own production within history. ” Out of “monumental and ahistorical sources” Pound figures a “continuous and dynamic” revolution

Reference: 1958
Author: Selden, Richard Ely
Title: Criticism on the Declaration of Independence as a Literary Document. By Mon Droit
Publisher: For Sale at the News Offices
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1846)
Extent: pp. 44

Notes: Charges that "its author had no distinct ideas on the subject he was writing about; or if he had, he possessed no faith in the truth of his assertions." Traces the effect of these "sophisms" on the South and on the "national genius."

Reference: 1073
Author: Selesky, Harold E.
Title: "Additional Material Relating to Ezra Stiles."
Publication: Yale University Library Gazette
Volume: 50
Date: (1975)
Extent: 112-22

Notes: New acquisitions include three letters written in 1786 by TJ to Stiles discussing political questions and scientific concerns. Also thanks Stiles for the honorary degree bestowed in that year.

Reference: 709
Author: Selfridge, John W.
Title: Thomas Jefferson: The Philosopher President.
Publisher: Fawcett Columbine,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1991)

Notes: Juvenile biography.

Reference: 3265
Author: Sellers, James Lee
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's University."
Publication: Prairie Schooner
Volume: 10
Date: (1936)
Extent: 113-17

Notes: Brief account of the creation of the Univ. of Virginia as a democratic institution.

Reference: 1959
Author: Semmes, Thomas, Jr.
Title: Oration Delivered at the Request of the Jefferson Society of the University of Virginia, on the Anniversary of the Birth-Day of Thomas Jefferson, April 13, 1833, in the Episcopal Church, Charlottesville, Va.
Publication: Virginia Advocate Office
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1833)
Extent: pp. 15

Notes: Sketches TJ's career, ends in an anti-"consolidation" states rights argument.

Reference: 807
Author: Semonin, Paul
Title: "`Nature's Nation': Natural History as Nationalism in the New Republic."
Publication: Northwest Review
Volume: 30
Date: (no. 2, 1992)
Extent: 6-41.

Notes: Contends that “under the guise of natural history, American naturalism made itself a universal creed. ” Discusses briefly TJ's interest in natural history in Notes and elsewhere, but pp. 13-23 on paleontology and race are informative. Contemporary excavation of mammoth bones raised questions about human origins, for example, and comparison of human skulls from various “races” as well as those of apes were not uncommon. Does not excuse TJ's remarks on African abilities but shows their context in 18th-century scientific discourse, particularly in terms of a history of learned speculation (often misinformed) about the place of the orangutan and of theories about the gradation of races.

Reference: 3266
Author: Senkevitch, Anatole
Title: "The Competition for the President's House"
Publication: The Eye of Thomas Jefferson, ed. William Howard Adams
Publisher: National Gallery of Art
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1976)
Extent: 234-55

Notes: TJ lost out to James Hoban; well-told version of the usual story.

Reference: 1960
Author: Sensabaugh, George F.
Title: "Jefferson's Use of Milton in the Ecclesiastical Controversies of 1776."
Publication: American Literature
Volume: 26
Date: (1955)
Extent: 552-59

Notes: TJ read Milton's Of Reformation in England and The Reason of Church Government Urged whi~he "Resolutions for Disestablishing the Church of England and for Repealing Laws Interfering with Freedom of Worship."

Reference: 955
Author: Sente, Marjory J.
Title: "The Jefferson Definitives"
Publication: Stamps
Volume: 243
Date: (April 10, 1993)
Extent: 45.

Notes: Notes the imminent release of a new 29 cent Jefferson stamp in Charlottesville on April 13. This is the latest of a number of definitive Jefferson stamps, i.e. stamps with TJ's portrait which are valued at the basic rate for a first class letter.

Reference: 1074
Author: Sergeant, John
Title: An Oration Delivered in Independence Square, in the City of Philadelphia, on the 24th of July, 1826, in Commemoration of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
Publisher: H. Carey and I. Lea
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 44

Notes: Also in A Selection of Eulogies ... . Hartford: D. F. Robinson, 1826. "Henceforward the names of Jefferson and Adams can never be separated from the Declaration of Independence." TJ and Adams offered as exemplars of the principles of the Declaration.

Reference: 1075
Author: Serpell, Jean K.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: His Relationship with France."
Publication: M.A. thesis
Publisher: Stetson Univ
Date: (1957)
Extent: none given

Notes: no note

Reference: 1961
Author: Sestanovich, Stephen
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, PAO."
Publication: Foreign Service Journal
Volume: 43
Date: (1966)
Extent: 23-25

Notes: Sketch on TJ as minister to France, emphasizing his work as the equivalent of a modern public affairs officer.

Reference: 3268
Author: Setzler, Edwin Boinest, Edwin Lake Setzler, and Hubert Holland Setzler
Title: The Jefferson Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Reader
Publisher: Macmillan
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1938)
Extent: pp. xiv, 198

Notes: "The present text is an attempt: a belated attempt, it is true: to write the type of Anglo-Saxon grammar which Jefferson said should be prepared.

Reference: 3269
Author: Setzler, E. B.
Title: "Jefferson's Theory as to the Study of Anglo-Saxon: An Experiment conducted at the University of South Carolina."
Publication: The Anglo-Saxon Bulletin, Newberry College
Volume: 2
Date: (1930)
Extent: 4-9

Notes: Studying Anglo-Saxon in relation to its forms in modern English was a great success the author claims.

Reference: 1077
Author: Severance, Frank H., ed.
Title: "A Bundle of Thomas Jefferson's Letters Now First Published."
Publication: Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society
Volume: 7
Date: (1904)
Extent: 1-32

Notes: Letters to Francis Adrian van der Kemp transcribed with extensive comment and annotation. Correspondence centers on TJ's "Syllabus of the Doctrines of Jesus."

Reference: 691
Author: Severati, Carlo
Title: "Thomas Jefferson e la formazione di una identità nazionale in architettura" in
Publication: Nascita di una identita: la formazione delle nazionalità americane, Atti del Seminario di Studio a cura di Vanni Blengino. Dipartimento di Studi Americani, University di Roma.
Publisher: Edizioni Associate,
Place of Publication: Roma:
Date: (1990)
Extent: Pp. 310-25.

Notes: Critical discussion of TJ's development as an architect, his knowledge of European forms that he could adapt to American sites, and his designs for a total environment. In Italian.

Reference: 52
Author: Severens, Kenneth
Title: "Washington and Jefferson: Architects of the American Republic"
Publication: Southern Architecture: 350 Years of Distinctive American Buildings
Publisher: E. P. Dutton,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1981)
Extent: 80-96.

Notes: Discusses Monticello early and late, the Virginia Capitol, and the planning of Washington, D. C. Makes the usual points.

Reference: 1078
Author: Sevostianov, G. N. and A. I. Utkin
Title: Tomas Dzhefferson
Publication: Izdaterstvo "Mi'sl"'
Place of Publication: Moscow
Date: (1976)
Extent: pp.390

Notes: In Russian.

Reference: 842
Author: Shackelford, George Green
Title: Jefferson's Adoptive Son: The Life of William Short, 1759-1848 .
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Place of Publication: Lexington
Date: (1993)
Extent: pp. x, 250.

Notes: Short was TJ's secretary in Paris and a life-long protégé and friend. TJ is frequently mentioned or discussed in this biography, and looking at the Short-TJ relationship offers some interesting insight into TJ himself.

Reference: 1118
Author: Shackelford, George Green
Title: Thomas Jefferson's Travels in Europe, 1784-1795
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Place of Publication: Baltimore
Date: (1995)
Extent: pp. 219.

Notes: Thorough account of TJ's travels, including travel to and from Paris at his arrival and departure, his British visit with John Adams, his excursions with Maria Cosway to Marly, his trip to southern France and Italy, and his tour of the Rhineland. Based on TJ's letters, journals, and account books. Argues for the European experience having a profound impact on TJ and how he subsequently saw himself and the world, but specific accounts of his travels sometimes tend to fall into a mechanical recurrence of day to day trivia, larded with mentions of local sights that TJ either did not see or neglected to comment on.

Reference: 1079
Author: Shackelford, George Green, ed.
Title: Collected Papers to Commemorate Fifty Years of the Monticello Association of the Descendants of Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: Princeton Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Princeton
Date: (1965)
Extent: pp. ix, 292

Notes: Individual essays by various hands on the history of the graveyard, the Association, TJ's ancestry, each of his children and grandchildren.

Reference: 1080
Author: Shackelford, George Green
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Grandchildren."
Publication: Magazine of Albemarle County History
Volume: 33/34
Date: (1975-76)
Extent: 163-72

Notes: Sketches of the children of Martha Jefferson Randolph and Maria Jefferson Eppes.

Reference: 1081
Author: Shackelford, George Green
Title: "New Letters Between Hugh Blair Grigsby and Henry Stephens Randall, 1858-1861."
Publication: VMHB
Volume: 64
Date: (1956)
Extent: 323-57

Notes: Letters discuss Randall's Life of Jefferson; introduction and notes.

Reference: 1082
Author: Shackelford, George Green
Title: "William Short, Jefferson's Adopted Son, 1758-1849."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Virginia
Date: (1955)
Extent: pp. 566

Notes: The only full-length biography of Short.

Reference: 1962
Author: Shackelford, George Green, ed.
Title: "Benedict Arnold in Richmond, January 1781: His Proposal Concerning Prize Goods."
Publication: VMHB
Volume: 60
Date: (1952)
Extent: 591-99

Notes: Account of Arnold's raid and TJ's response.

Reference: 3270
Author: Shackelford, George Green
Title: "A Peep into Elysium"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View, ed. William Howard Adams
Publisher: National Gallery of Art
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1976)
Extent: 233-69

Notes: Discusses TJ's trip to Italy in 1787 and the architectural and artistic works he saw there.

Reference: 3271
Author: Shackelford, George Green
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Fine Arts of Northern Italy: 'A Peep into Elysium"'
Publication: America: The Middle Period. Essays in Honor of Bernard Mayo, ed. John D. Boles
Publisher: Univ. Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1973)
Extent: 14-35

Notes: Similar to the previous item; contends TJ's interest in painting has been underestimated but is able to offer only speculations about much of what TJ saw and how it could have influenced him.

Reference: 1083
Author: Shaffer, Kenneth R.
Title: "Copy to Mr. Jefferson About the Sale of His Library."
Publication: Indiana Quarterly for Bookmen
Volume: 1
Date: (1945)
Extent: 55-59

Notes: Jonathan Williams, president of the APS, regrets TJ did not donate his library to the Society.

Reference: 360
Author: Shalhope, Robert E.
Title: "Agriculture"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson: A Reference Biography, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (see above).
Publisher: Scribners,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1986)
Extent: 385-398.

Notes: Excellent discussion of TJ's theoretical background and practical experience in farming, his agrarian thought, and his public policies. If he typically began almost everything from a theoretical position, his practicality led to pragmatic compromises. He never achieved his desire of self-sufficient farming, the desire directed much of his work, although economic considerations forced him to back away from some of his positions. Thus, he finally grew tobacco as a means to meet his growing debts, even though he saw it as "a culture productive of infinite wretchedness." TJ's approach to farming involved detailed observations of agricultural practices, trial and error efforts to improve the farm and its crops, and a constant exchange of information. Describes his farming as a dialectic between practical concerns and aesthetic and moral desires, with an attempt to preserve the ideal of the "middle landscape" a central concern.

Reference: 1275
Author: Shalhope, Robert E.
Title: “Jefferson and Madison--Again,”
Publication: Reviews in American History
Volume: 24
Date: (1996)
Extent: 401-06.

Notes: Review essay on Andrew Burstein's 1995 study and Lance Banning's The Sacred Fire of Liberty: James Madison and the Founding of the Republic (1995). Objects to Burstein's view of the inner TJ because he fails to take into account recent insights into TJ's character on issues of race and sexuality offered by Winthrop Jordan, Paul Finkleman, Jack McLaughlin, Kenneth Lockridge, etc. Contends that when “a full portrayal of the man does emerge it will more closely resemble Fawn Brodie's intimate portrait. ”

Reference: 2445
Author: Shalhope, Robert E.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Republicanism and Antebellum Southern Thought."
Publication: Journal of Southern History
Volume: 42
Date: (1976)
Extent: 529-56

Notes: Examines TJ's thought in the last two decades of his life and claims his adherence to a pastoral republican ideology clarifies his paradoxical acceptance of slavery and commitment to a republican society. "To understand how Jefferson perceived antebellum American society is, perhaps, to recognize how an ever-increasing number of southerners came to view their circumstances."

Reference: 1084
Author: Shannon, Joseph B.
Title: Speech of the Hon. Joseph B. Shannon of Missouri in the House of Representatives April 13, 1934
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1934)
Extent: pp. 16

Notes: Laudatory biographical address.

Reference: 1963
Author: Shannon, Joseph B.
Title: A Revival of the Doctrines of Jefferson Necessar to Check the Rising Tides of Hamiltonian Privilege
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1932)
Extent: pp: 24

Notes: no note

Reference: 1964
Author: Shannon, Joseph B.
Title: Thomas Jefferson, The Advocate of Truth, Freedom and Equality. Public Speeches of Joseph B. Shannon Touching upon Unfamiliar Phases of the Life and Teachings of The Great American Statesman
Publisher: Regular Democratic Club
Place of Publication: Kansas City, Mo.
Date: (1930)
Extent: pp. 32

Notes: TJ used to attack the "follies of the millionaires."

Reference: 3272
Author: Shapiro, Karl
Title: "Jefferson"
Publication: V-Letter and Other Poems
Publisher: Reynal and Hitchcock
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1944)
Extent: 19

Notes: Poem.

Reference: 3273
Author: Shapley, Harlow
Title: "Notes on Thomas Jefferson as a Natural Philosopher."
Publication: Proceedings of the APS
Volume: 87
Date: (1943)
Extent: 234-37

Notes: "In general the natural philosophy of Jefferson was of the practical sort."

Reference: 361
Author: Sharp, James Roger
Title: "Unraveling the Mystery of Jefferson's Letter of April 27, 1795."
Publication: Journal of the Early Republic
Volume: 6
Date: (1986)
Extent: 411-18.

Notes: TJ's letter of this date to Madison refers in the original (now in the Madison papers) to a "division or loss of votes, which might be fatal to the southern interest." In the letterpress copy he retained "Southern" has been lined out and "Republican" written above it. Describes the treatment of this by subsequent editors and scholars, and argues that the change was done before 1829, although it is not clear by whom (Nicholas Trist, T. J. Randolph, Madison, or TJ himself are all possibilities). The motive was to affirm in the face of post-Hartford Convention Federalists and Southern sectionalists that TJ and his republicanism was a national phenomenon and not merely a sectional movement.

Reference: 3274
Author: Sharp, Wayne W.
Title: "La Revolutions de Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Comptes Rendus des Seances de L'Academie d'Agriculture de France
Volume: 62
Date: (1976)
Extent: 1087-93

Notes: Sketch emphasizing TJ's contributions to agriculture.

Reference: 1965
Author: Sharswood, George
Title: An Address Upon the Rights of the States, Delivered Before the State Rights Association of Pennsylvania, and a Public Meeting of Citizens, on the 14th of April, 1834, at the Commissioner's Hall in the Northern Liberties of Philadelphia
Publisher: J. Harding
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1834)
Extent: pp. 8

Notes: no note

Reference: 1085
Author: Shaw, C. P.
Title: "The Jefferson Memorial Road."
Publication: Univ. of Virginia Alumni Bulletin
Volume: 3
Date: (1903)
Extent: none given

Notes: no note

Reference: 1086
Author: Shaw, John Angier
Title: Eulogy on John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Delivered August 2, 1826, By Request of the Inhabitants of Bridgewater
Publisher: Samuel W. Mortimer
Place of Publication: Taunton, Mass.
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 20

Notes: Also in A Selection of Eulogies .... Hartford: D. li. Robinson, 1826. 155-71.

Reference: 1087
Author: Shaw, Peter
Title: "Blood Is Thicker Than Irony: Henry Adams"History."
Publication: New England Quarterly
Volume: 40
Date: (1967)
Extent: 163-87

Notes: "Henry Adams' portrait of Jefferson in the History may be read as one of a series of Adams fathers by Adams sons."

Reference: 1966
Author: Shaw, Albert
Title: "A Notable Anniversary."
Publication: The American Monthly Review of Reviews
Volume: 27
Date: (1903)
Extent: 515-20

Notes: Louisiana Purchase and TJ's part in it.

Reference: 1967
Author: Shaw, Albert
Title: "Political Parties in Perspective."
Publication: Review of Reviews
Volume: 94
Date: (1936)
Extent: 15-18

Notes: Brief account of the rise of the party system behind TJ and Hamilton; criticizes Claude Bowers for partisanship.

Reference: 2446
Author: Shaw, Albert
Title: Address at Meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa Society ... Held in Richmond, Virginia, April 13, 1904
Publisher: n.p.
Date: n.d.
Extent: pp. 27

Notes: TJ "still entitled to be looked on as a prophet and guide" for society and government in a time of "undreamt of industrial combinations and prodigious aggregations of productive capital." Rpt. as "Jefferson's Doctrines Under New Tests" in The Outlook for the Average Man. New York: Macmillan, 1907; and in Representative Phi Beta Kappa Orations. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915. 298-325.

Reference: 223
Author: Shawen, Neil McDowell
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and a `National' University: The Hidden Agenda for Virginia."
Publication: Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
Volume: 92
Date: (1984)
Extent: 309-35.

Notes: Examines TJ's support or lack of it for various educational proposals and contends that he was only temporarily attracted to the concept of a national university and then only when it served other, private purposes. Claims that following his failure to reform William and Mary, TJ had a consistent hidden agenda to erect a first rate university in central Virginia, preferably close to Charlottesville. Because of its location, among other reasons, he was lukewarm at best in support of Quesnay's proposed school at Richmond but he was willing to try to persuade Washington to support a national university in the capitol if it would make possible the transplantation of the University of Geneva. He was not enthusiastic about later proposals for a national university such as Du Pont's or Joel Barlow's.

Reference: A70
Author: Shawen, Neil McDowell
Title: "The Casting of a Lengthened Shadow: Thomas Jefferson's Role in Determining the Site of a State University in Virginia." Ed.D. dissertation. George Washington University
Publication: DAI ; 567-A.
Volume: 41
Date: (1980)
Extent: pp. 479.

Notes: Examines in considerable detail how Charlottesville came to be chosen as the site for the University of Virginia. A central location was critical to his evolving concept of the state university, and he increasingly identified "centrality" with Albemarle County as he progressively abandoned notions of transforming William and Mary into his ideal institution and encountered schemes for national and international education. Discusses his work on the governing board of the Albemarle Academy and the elevation of that school to the status of a college. Also considers deliberations in the General Assembly on the university issue and the eventual victory of TJ and his ally Joseph C. Cabell over rivals from Staunton and Lexington.

Reference: 1088
Author: Sheean, Vincent
Title: Thomas Jefferson, Father of Democracy
Publisher: Random House
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1953)
Extent: pp. 184

Notes: Juvenile biography.

Reference: 106
Author: Sheehan, Bernard W.
Title: "Jefferson and the West."
Publication: Virginia Quarterly Review
Volume: 58
Date: (1982)
Extent: 345-52.

Notes: Review essay on Donald Jackson's TJ & the Stony Mountains , contending that, although TJ was in many ways the quintessential modern man, he nevertheless depended upon information from the past conditioned in turn by his agrarian proclivities. Defends him against charges of credulousness about the West, but points out the way in which his ideas of progress supported an ultimately tragic Indian policy.

Reference: 362
Author: Sheehan, Bernard W.
Title: "American Indians"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson: A Reference Biography, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (see above).
Publisher: Scribners,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1986)
Extent: 399-416.

Notes: Good summation of the author's earlier writings on Jeffersonian Indian policy and attitudes toward Native Americans. Notes his contradictory attitudes toward Indians, seeing them in moments of war or threat as savages and in peaceful times as people whose inevitable transition to "civilized" status adoption of the white man's ways should be encouraged. Claims TJ has a tendency toward "ideological reductionism" which blinded him to the actual character of native culture, and economic and political concerns, especially during his second term as president, led him to resort to questionable efforts to persuade the natives to vacate their lands. Uncovers the complexity and ambiguity of TJ's attitudes and policies toward Indians, but perhaps without sufficient sensitivity to the author's own historicist categories.

Reference: 1968
Author: Sheehan, Bernard W
Title: Seeds of Extinction; Jeffersonian Philanthropy and the American Indian
Publisher: Univ. of North Carolina Press
Place of Publication: Chapel Hi
Date: (1973)
Extent: pp. xii, 301

Notes: TJ wished to assimilate Indians into white society, but since he and those who shared his ideas tended to conceptualize the Indians abstractly, they failed to realize the profoundly destructive effects this would have for the Indians. Best book on TJ's Indian policy.

Reference: 2447
Author: Sheehan, Bernard William
Title: "Civilization and the American Indian in the Thought of the Jeffersonian Era."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Virginia
Date: (1965)
Extent: pp. 395

Notes: Argues that during the Jeffersonian period most informed opinion expected the Indians to be incorporated eventually into white civilization, but toward the end of the period a submerged doubt about the possibilities of such incorporation appeared and lent intellectual support to the removal program. Revised and published as item #1968. DAI 26/10, p. 6009.

Reference: 2448
Author: Sheehan, Bernard W.
Title: "Paradise and the Noble Savage in Jeffersonian Thought."
Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 26
Date: (1969)
Extent: 327-59

Notes: Focus on "Jeffersonian generation" rather than on TJ; utopian belief in America as an untouched paradise "cast a progressivist spell over even the most mundane activities.... Paradise was a mythic analogy for Western man's admitted desire to change himself and his surroundings." This program failed when the Indian was also conceived as a noble savage, for "noble savagism was (already) a simplistic statement of perfection."

Reference: 3275
Author: Sheehan, Bernard W.
Title: "The Quest for Indian Origins in the Thought of the Jeffersonian Era."
Publication: Midcontinent American Studies Journal
Volume: 9
Date: (1968)
Extent: 34-51

Notes: Discusses TJ's place among his contemporaries such as Benjamin Smith Barton and Peter S. Duponceau; they shared a belief in the utility of comparative linguistics and a desire to investigate without the encumbrance of an elaborate, or exotic, hypothesis.

Reference: 126
Author: Sheldon, Garrett Ward
Title: "Classical and Modern Influences on American Political Thought: The Political Theories of Thomas Jefferson." Ph.D. dissertation. Rutgers,
Publication: DAI; 1564-A.
Volume: 44
Date: (1983)
Extent: pp.337.

Notes: Seeks to situate "Jefferson's political theory ... within the entire history of Western Political Thought." Argues that TJ's early, Revolutionary writings targeted at the organic ideology of the British Empire were defined by a Lockean liberalism which emphasized freedom, independence, equality, limited government and revolution. After the Revolution his writings increasingly drew upon classical Greek concepts of human nature, politics, and ethics to support the construction of a new republic. When he later saw the possibility of a remote and corrupt national government as a threat to local freedoms, the liberal tendencies in his politics reasserted themselves, once again employing Lockean metaphors on behalf of Aristotelean commonwealths.

Reference: 710
Author: Sheldon, Garrett Ward.
Title: The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson.
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Place of Publication: Baltimore
Date: (1991)
Extent: pp. x, 174.

Notes: Useful survey of TJ's political ideas that puts them into the context of the traditions of Lockean liberalism, classical political thought, republican theory. Looks at the arguments of the 1980s about whether TJ was a liberal or a republican thinker, including the issue of his influence by the Scottish moralists, and exposes the occasional simplicity of their formulation. Sees TJ as changing the emphasis of his thinking at various points in his career; contends that he began as a Lockean liberal in order to critique the centralized power of king and parliament (especially after he became conscious of the problems of the theory of the Ancient English Constitution), but after the Revolution he spoke more clearly as a classical republican. He turned again to Lockean arguments later in life when he became concerned with increasing power of the central government and the moneyed classes.

Reference: 1089
Author: Sheldon, F.
Title: "Parton's Life of Jefferson."
Publication: North American Review
Volume: 118
Date: (1874)
Extent: 405-15

Notes: Review essay criticizing Parton for errors in taste and "painting his angel all white and his devil all black." Instead, TJ was a clever party manager who was an impractical visionary too often motivated by vanity and rhetoric.

Reference: 2449
Author: Sheldon, J.
Title: "Jefferson by the Light of 1863."
Publication: Continental Monthly
Volume: 5
Date: (1864)
Extent: 129-38

Notes: "His works are an arsenal where these weapons of sedition are arranged ready for use."

Reference: 1090
Author: Shenker, Israel
Title: "Monticello, Like No Other Home in America."
Publication: Travel and Leisure
Volume: 1
Date: (1971)
Extent: 65-72, 76

Notes: no note

Reference: 1091
Author: Shenkir, William G., Glenn A. Welsch, and James A. Beard, Jr.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Management Accountant."
Publication: The Journal of Accountancy
Volume: 133
Date: (1972)
Extent: 33-47

Notes: TJ was a meticulous record keeper and his personal record keeping seems to have influenced his desire for reliable and understandable public financial data.

Reference: 3276
Author: Shepherd, Henry E.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson as a Philologist."
Publication: American Journal of Philology
Volume: 3
Date: (1882)
Extent: 211-14

Notes: TJ as friend to neology.

Reference: 1092
Author: Shepperson, Archibald B.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson Visits England and Buys a Harpsichord"
Publication: Humanistic Studies in Honor of John Calvin Metcalf
Publisher: Univ. of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1941)
Extent: 80-106

Notes: Good account of TJ's diplomatic visit in 1786; detailed information on his political and cultural adventures.

Reference: 273
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: The Encyclopedia of Unbelief, ed. Gordon Stein.
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Volume: Vol.1
Place of Publication: Buffalo
Date: (1985)
Extent: 360-63.

Notes: Claims that TJ is notable in American religious history as the primary author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, as a pioneer in applying rationalist criticism to the Bible, and as a champion of free thought in all areas, including religion. Describes his movement through youthful natural religion to a demythologized Christianity of a moralistic bent.

Reference: 808
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Giles Resolutions."
Publication: William and Mary Quarterly
Volume: 49
Date: (1992)
Extent: 589-608.

Notes: TJ played a key role almost from the start of the 1793 effort to censure Hamilton and drive him from office. Earlier historians have minimized his involvement, but careful reading of his papers from this time suggest otherwise. His actions mark a significant change in his role as a party leader. The Federalists were quick to spy TJ's involvement although TJ and the Republicans tried to conceal it. TJ's notes to Madison about Hamilton's Report on Foreign Loans, written at some time before January 18, 1793, show his involvement was earlier than supposed. Gives a detailed account of political infighting and maneuvering by TJ and Hamilton in the Cabinet as well as TJ's use of Congress that reflects his continued ambivalence about “parties.” He concealed his role because he continued to believe in the permanent value of a “common good.”

Reference: 956
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: "Apostle of Republican Liberty."
Publication: American History Illustrated
Volume: 28
Date: (March/April, 1993)
Extent: 28-37, 69-70.

Notes: Biographical sketch, emphasizing TJ as a Founding Father who contributed largely to the emerging American polity. Argues that his commitment to the "establishment of a republican political and social order in America" is central to this contribution. Sees his sharpest limitation as his failure to overcome racial prejudice against blacks. Illustrated.

Reference: 957
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: "Jefferson and Monticello."
Publication: American History Illustrated
Volume: 28
Date: (July/August, 1993)
Extent: 58-69.

Notes: Follows up on previous essay with a well-informed account of TJ's involvement with and life at Monticello. Sees TJ's "tragic flaw" reflected in the house itself. Discusses the role of the slave community there and accepts, without offering any new evidence, the reality of the affair with Sally Hemings. Illustrated with photographs.

Reference: 1082
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: "The Recall of Edmond Charles Genet"
Publication: Diplomatic History
Volume: 18
Date: (1994)
Extent: 463-88.

Notes: Thorough review of sources in the U. S. and in France provides a more complex view of the dynamic interaction of the Washington administration's decision to demand the recall of Genet and the French government's ready acquiescence. Shows that in Washington's cabinet the debate was not simply between pro-French republicanism of TJ and the anti-French Federalism of Hamilton and Knox but also included the antiparty perspective of Randolph and Washington himself. In France when the Jacobins overcame the Girondins at a time when French armies were being turned back in Europe, Jacobin rejection of aggressive Girondin foreign policy led to a view of Genet as a Girondin conspirator against French liberty who was attempting to provoke one of republican France's few fellow republican governments.

Reference: 1202
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: “Freiheit und Tugend. Religion und Republikanismus im Denken Thomas Jefferson,”
Publication: in Wasser, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Historische Bedeuteung und Politische Aktualität
Publisher: Ferdinand Schöningh
Place of Publication: Paderborn
Date: (1995)
Extent: 153-72.

Notes: “Freedom and Virtue: Religion and Republicanism in Thomas Jefferson's Thought. ” In German.

Reference: 1203
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: “Thomas Jefferson und die amerikanische Präsidentschaft: Vom Bürgerkönig sur populären Führungsfigur,”
Publication: in Wasser, ed. Thomas Jefferson: Historische Bedeuteung und Politische Aktualität
Publisher: Ferdinand Schöningh
Place of Publication: Paderborn
Date: (1995)
Extent: 217-37.

Notes: “Thomas Jefferson and the American Presidency: From Citizen King to Popular Leader. ” In German. See similar article published in 1996.

Reference: 1276
Author: Sheridan, Eugene R.
Title: “Thomas Jefferson and the American Presidency: From Patriot King to Popular Leader,”
Publication: Amerikastudien/American Studies
Volume: 41
Date: (1996)
Extent: 17-31. [Germany]

Notes: Except for TJ, every American president from George Washington through John Quincy Adams thought of himself as a republicanized patriot king, governing above party. TJ, however, initiated a transformation of the presidency, realized by Jackson, by combining the constitutional authority of the president with the political power of a party leader. Jackson, however, accepted the two-party system, where TJ hoped to eliminate the Federalists and to establish a uniformly republican America, free of institutional conflict.

Reference: 1093
Author: Sherman, E. David
Title: "Geriatric Profile of Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)."
Publication: Journal of the American Geriatric Society
Volume: 25
Date: (1977)
Extent: 112-17

Notes: Notes TJ's impressive activity in retirement, after 1809.

Reference: 1094
Author: Sherman, Stuart P.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: An English Interpretation"
Publication: The Main Stream
Publisher: Scribner's
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1927)
Extent: 17-27

Notes: Review essay on the fortunes of TJ's reputation, now on rise again with the publication of Francis W. Hirst's biography.

Reference: 1095
Author: Sherman, Stuart P.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: A Revaluation"
Publication: The Main Stream
Publisher: Scribner's
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1927)
Extent: 28-36

Notes: Review essay on Nock's Jefferson; admires TJ as "a philosopher and man of culture."

Reference: 3277
Author: Sherman, C. B.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: Far-Sighted Farmer."
Publication: Better Crops with Plant Food: The Pocket Book of Agriculture
Volume: 28
Date: (1944)
Extent: 18-21, 44-45

Notes: TJ as an innovative farmer in terms of stock, crops, and practices.

Reference: 3278
Author: Sherril, Sarah B.
Title: "The Eye of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Antiques
Volume: 109
Date: (1976)
Extent: 1104

Notes: On the forthcoming exhibit.

Reference: 809
Author: Sherwood, Patricia C.
Title: "The Mystery Solved: New Dates and a New Perspective on Thomas Jefferson's Architectural Plans for Educational Institutions in Virginia."
Publication: Arts in Virginia
Volume: 30
Date: (Fall/Winter, 1992)
Extent: 11-25.

Notes: Discusses TJ's architectural drawings and verbal plans for educational institutions in Virginia. TJ distinguishes between “colleges,” which in the 1779 proposed law on education are intended as a secondary school, and the “university” in which all the sciences will be taught “in their highest degree. ” TJ became a trustee of the Albemarle Academy in 1814 with the intention of transforming the proposed school into a university. His architectural plan for the Academy, submitted in 1814, is an early version of the eventual plan of the University. The 1817 plan for Central College is a step on the way to the eventual plan for a University. Cites TJ's letters to establish his early commitment to what became the University of Virginia and reproduces relevant architectural drawings.

Reference: 958
Author: Sherwood, Patricia C. and Joseph Michael Lasala
Title: “Education and Architecture: The Evolution of the University of Virginia's Academical Village,” in Wilson ed.
Publisher: Bayly Art Museum
Place of Publication: Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village Charlottesville
Date: (1993)
Extent: 9-46.

Notes: Good account of the development of TJ's design for the University buildings, including his consultations with William Thornton and Benjamin Latrobe among others. Pays attention to TJ's evolving ideas about higher education and links them to his architectural thinking. Usefully illustrated with relevant architectural drawings.

Reference: 1083
Author: Shestack, Jerome J.
Title: "The Self-Evident Lawyer"
Publication: American Bar Association Journal
Volume: 80
Date: (March 1994)
Extent: 78-80.

Notes: Sketch of TJ as lawyer, describing his legal education, practice, legal thinking and its influence on his larger career, etc.

Reference: 274
Author: Shi, David E.
Title: "Republicanism Transformed"
Publication: The Simple Life: Plain Living and High Thinking in American Culture .
Publisher: Oxford University Press,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1985)
Extent: 74-100.

Notes: In the years after the revolution a seeming epidemic of materialism and luxury upset the sensibilities of classical republican thinkers, but TJ was hopeful that republican virtue could be nurtured in American future generations. Like Benjamin Rush, he first put his hope in public education as the "keystone of our arch of government," and while he adjusted his later outlook to the changing national conditions, he gave up neither his belief in the necessity of Epicurean enlightened self-restraint nor in the value of education as an instrument of moral and scientific progress. He had an abiding faith in technology's ability to improve the lives of citizens and he supported an "equilibrium" among agriculture, manufacture (although only of "coarse articles" and necessities), and trade.

Reference: 2450
Author: Shibata, Shingo
Title: "Fundamental Human Rights and the Problem of Freedom: Marxism and the Contemporary Significance of the U.S. Declaration of Independence."
Publication: Social Praxis
Volume: 3
Date: (1976)
Extent: 157-86

Notes: The Declaration "represents the essentials of modern democracy" but Marxism, which subsumes its most important features is "the most comprehensive theory of freedom."

Reference: 1096
Author: Shields, W. S.
Title: "General Lafayette's Visit to Monticello and the University."
Publication: Virginia University Magazine
Volume: 4
Date: (1859)
Extent: 113-25

Notes: Eye-witness account.

Reference: 1969
Author: Shimakawa, Masashi
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Indian Problem."
Publication: Amerika Kenkyu/American Review
Volume: 12
Date: (1978)
Extent: 214-15

Notes: In Japanese; abstract in English.

Reference: 1097
Author: Shippen, Rebecca Lloyd
Title: "Inauguration of President Thomas Jefferson, 1801."
Publication: PMHB
Volume: 25
Date: (1901)
Extent: 71-76

Notes: Description of events.

Reference: 1970
Author: Shiryaev, B. A.
Title: "Tomas Dzhefferson i Amerikanskaia Konstitutsiia."
Publication: Vestnik Leningradskogo U.: Seriia Istorii lazyka i Literatury
Date: (1977)
Extent: 49-55

Notes: TJ recognized some of the reasons for antidemocratic tendencies in the constitutional convention and, while seeing some good points in the Constitution, insisted on a Bill of Rights.

Reference: 224
Author: Shklar, Judith N.
Title: "The Renaissance American: Thomas Jefferson's Dreams and Disappointments."
Publication: New Republic
Volume: 191
Date: (November 5, 1984)
Extent: 29-35.

Notes: Analyzes TJ's character in terms of his epitaph. His stands against intolerance, ignorance, persecution, despotism and the suffering they bring should still matter to us. But his indifference to or ignorance of the uneducated, the enslaved, or the racial other we cannot accept. Yet, he is an icon as "the man who put human rights on the map forever."

Reference: 959
Author: Shklar, Judith Nisse
Title: "Politics and Friendship"
Publication: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
Volume: 137
Date: (1993)
Extent: 207-12.

Notes: Discusses the friendship of TJ and Adams in the context of philosophical concerns from Plato to Montesquieu about the possibility of entertaining both friendship and political engagement at the same time. Concludes, “In the end Adams and Jefferson became Aristotelian friends, virtuous men sharing noble thoughts. Ciceronian friendship, comradeship in a cause had proven frail when normal political competition and ambition appeared. Yet it was the very heart of all their later memories. ”

Reference: 3279
Author: Shoemaker, Floyd C.
Title: "Remarks on Senator Allen McReynolds and the Bingham Portrait of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Missouri Historical Review
Volume: 48
Date: (1953)
Extent: 42-45

Notes: On Bingham's 1857 copy of Stuart's portrait.

Reference: 3280
Author: Shonting, Donald Allen
Title: "Romantic Aspects in the Works of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Ohio Univ
Date: (1977)
Extent: pp. 145

Notes: TJ is a transitional figure between the neoclassic and the romantic. His emphasis on the essential worth of the individual, his appreciation of nature in all its variety, and his concern for freedom of expression are romantic elements. Although consciously neoclassic in his architecture, romantic elements mark his literary works and the development of his architecture. DAI 38/12A, p. 6998.

Reference: 391
Author: Shorto, Russell
Title: Thomas Jefferson and the American Ideal.
Publisher: Barron's Educational Series,
Place of Publication: Hauppauge NY:
Date: (1987)
Extent: xi, 162.

Notes: Juvenile, for grades 3-7 or so. Throws in a great deal of fictional, melodramatic conversation. Emphasizes western expansion, happy slaves, etc.

Reference: 1971
Author: Shortridge, George D.
Title: "Mr. Jefferson: The Declaration of Independence and Freedom."
Publication: DeBow's Review
Volume: 26
Date: (1859)
Extent: 547-59

Notes: "Mr. Jefferson's doctrine is the dream of an enthusiast or visionary," and does not justify abolition.

Reference: 1098
Author: Showalter, J. D.
Title: "The Fame of Jefferson and the University of Virginia Sought to Be Sold."
Publication: Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine
Volume: 3
Date: (1909)
Extent: 785-88

Notes: TJ betrayed because the president of the University sought donations from Andrew Carnegie and Thomas Fortune Ryan.

Reference: 1972
Author: Showalter, William Joseph
Title: "Jefferson as President."
Publication: Virginia Journal of Education
Volume: 19
Date: (1926)
Extent: 345-49

Notes: Compares TJ to other presidents, particularly Wilson.

Reference: 127
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: Thomas Jefferson: A Comprehensive, Annotated Bibliography of Writings about Him: 1826-1980.
Publisher: Garland Publishing,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1983)
Extent: xix, 486.

Notes: Predecessor to this volume. Lists 3,447 items about Jefferson arranged under five topical headings. Includes brief introduction, subject index, and list of authors.

Reference: 363
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "Bibliographic Essay"
Publication: Thomas Jefferson: A Reference Biography, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (see above).
Publisher: Scribners,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1986)
Extent: 453-479.

Notes: Critical essay reviewing the scholarship on TJ through the early 1980's; structured more or less in accordance to the order of essays contained here.

Reference: 517
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Book of Days 1988
Publisher: Pierian Press,
Place of Publication: Ann Arbor:
Date: (1988)
Extent: 211-213.

Notes: Entry for April 13; resource guide for those who might wish to note the day of TJ's birth.

Reference: 518
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "Travelling in the Republic of Letters"
Publication: Voyage et Tourisme en Bourgogne, ed. Baridon et Chevignard (see above)
Publisher: Éditions universitaires de Dijon. Publications de L'Université de Bourgogne
Place of Publication: Dijon:
Volume: LXVI.
Date: (1988)
Extent: 1-16.

Notes: Discusses TJ's trip through Burgundy and southern France in the early spring of 1787 as the tour of a citizen of the republic of letters. Puts the journey and his letters written on the road in the context of Notes on the State of Virginia , and contends that TJ the traveller discovered that facts often had simultaneous scientific, historical, aesthetic, and political significance.

Reference: 629
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "The Discourse of Modernism in the Age of Jefferson."
Publication: Prospects
Volume: 15
Date: (1990)
Extent: 23-37.

Notes: Considers early republican United States as a time of "modernist transformation of historical self-understanding" and examines the usefulness of competing notions of modernism advanced by Paul de Man on the one hand and Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane on the other. Discusses TJ's Declaration, Notes on the State of Virginia, and "The Life and Morals of Jesus" as attempts to put off the burdensome hand of the past and encourage the emergence of a new man.

Reference: 630
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "From Jefferson to Thoreau: The Possibilities of Discourse."
Publication: Arizona Quarterly
Volume: 46
Date: (1990)
Extent: 1-16.

Notes: Argues that TJ and Thoreau are "figures of capable imagination" who could be organizing points of an adequate American literary history that is democratic and neither narrowly ideological nor mindlessly expansive. They are agents of an American pragmatics whose writings are dialogic, open to the widest possible range of other experiences, and, because of an underlying skeptical position, the possessors of a non-exclusive ideology able to engage with differing ideological positions. Starting with these two voices in order to rediscover the American literary tradition, we find their dialogue opens to a colloquy with agents of our understanding as diverse as Cotton Mather, Margaret Fuller, W. E. B.DuBois, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, and Adrienne Rich.

Reference: 631
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "In Different Voices: Gender in the American Republic of Letters."
Publication: Early American Literature
Volume: 25
Date: (1990)
Extent: 289-304.

Notes: Uses Carol Gilligan's theory of different patterns of moral development in men and women to analyze the epistolary exchanges in which John Adams quarrelled with Mercy Otis Warren and in the differences between John and Abigail Adams with TJ. Argues that their differences can be understood in terms of differences between an "ethic of justice" and an "ethic of care," and TJ's ability to comprehend the possibilities of both a masculine and a feminine voice demonstrates a version of the "post-conventional morality" which Gilligan posits as a better ethical position. Suggests TJ's ability to support an "ethic of care" can be understood as a positive valuation of contemporary Federalist charges that he was morally "effeminate."

Reference: 960
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "Jefferson: Conscience v. Church. "
Publication: Humanities: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities
Volume: 14
Date: (March/April 1993)
Extent: 17-19.

Notes: TJ's prediction that Unitarianism would become the general religion of the United States did not come true, but despite his desire for a unifying civil religion, he more often recognized that individual commitments to principle would inevitably produce contention, sometimes violent contention.

Reference: 961
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: "Race, Culture, and the Failure of Anthropological Method" in A Mixed Race: Ethnicity in Early America .
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1993)
Extent: 257-77.

Notes: Considers why TJ was relatively generous in his assessment in Notes of native American's ability and cultural achievements in comparison to his negative judgments about blacks. Places his writing in the eighteenth-century context of emerging discourses of the human sciences, particularly of anthropology, and notes that he uses the criteria of what would become cultural anthropology to discuss native Americans and of physical anthropology to discuss blacks. Sees this choice as driven by an underlying racism which is reinforced by the languages of these different discourses.

Reference: 1204
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: “Being Definitive: Jefferson Biography Under the Shadow of Dumas Malone,”
Publication: Biography
Volume: 18
Date: (1995-96)
Extent: 291-304.

Notes: Called by many reader's “definitive,” Dumas Malone's six-volume biography of TJ might seem to limit the opportunities of future biographers. Consideration of how a biography acquires the label of “definitive,” however, suggests that this is only a temporary state of affairs and that biography continues to be written by writers who find a niche or slant not fully explored by Malone. At the same time, further scholarship calls some of Malone's judgments into question, pointing to a future need for a new biography. Nevertheless, the next “definitive” biography will not look like Malone's text; it may be a production by a team of biographers, or it may be a hypertext project.

Reference: 1205
Author: Shuffelton, Frank
Title: “Presenting Jefferson,”
Publication: Early American Literature
Volume: 30
Date: (1995)
Extent: 275-85.

Notes: Review essay on Lockridge's Patriarchal Rage , Fliegelman's Declaring Independence , and Jeffersonian Legacies , ed, by Onuf. Finds Onuf's collection a good representation of new scholarship on TJ, and suggests Fliegelman's work is an insightful and sophisticated view of TJ's rhetorical practices in the context of a larger transformation in the understanding of the appropriate relationships between speakers and audiences. Criticizes Lockridge for careless use of sources and tendentious readings.

Reference: 1973
Author: Shulim, Joseph I.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson Views Napoleon."
Publication: VMHB
Volume: 60
Date: (1952)
Extent: 288-304

Notes: TJ's opinions of Napoleon varied with circumstances, but he ultimately saw him as "the author of more misery and suffering to the world than any being who has ever lived before him."

Reference: 1974
Author: Shurr, Georgia Hooks
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution."
Publication: American Society Legion of Honor Magazine
Volume: 59
Date: (1979-80)
Extent: 161-82

Notes: Competent account from printed sources; claims the French Revolution was partly of TJ's making.

Reference: 446
Author: Sides, W.
Title: "In Pursuit of Happiness."
Publication: Washingtonian
Volume: 22
Date: (March, 1987)
Extent: 168-77.

Notes: Account of University of Virginia as a party school which has wandered from TJ's original vision, although it has also acquired considerable academic strengths.

Reference: 364
Author: Sidey, Hugh
Title: "A Mind with Few Limits."
Publication: Time.
Volume: 128
Date: (July 14, 1986)
Extent: 26.

Notes: TJ is still a voice to be reckoned with, particularly his cautions about a national debt and his belief that no generation has the right to burden future generations because "the earth belongs to the living."

Reference: 1099
Author: Sidey, Hugh
Title: "Oh, For Another Stargazing Gardener."
Publication: Time
Volume: 107
Date: (1976)
Extent: 19

Notes: Virtues of TJ as opposed to those of 1976 presidential candidates.

Reference: 1100
Author: Sidey, Hugh
Title: "What Would Jefferson Say?"
Publication: Time
Volume: 112
Date: (1978)
Extent: 40

Notes: Interview with Dumas Malone on what TJ would think of the present.

Reference: 1101
Author: Sifton, Paul G.
Title: "The Provenance of the Jefferson Papers."
Publication: American Archivist
Volume: 40
Date: (1977)
Extent: 17-30

Notes: Informative article on the vicissitudes of TJ's papers.

Reference: 1975
Author: Sigaud, Louis A.
Title: "The Tie That Severed."
Publication: Tyler's Quarterly
Volume: 31
Date: (1949)
Extent: 6-22

Notes: Aaron Burr innocent of intriguing to become President in 1800, but TJ thought he did and this explains his "relentless animus" toward Burr.

Reference: 1976
Author: Sigaud, Louis A.
Title: "Tried and Not Found Wanting."
Publication: Tyler's Quarterly
Volume: 31
Date: (1950)
Extent: 225-52

Notes: On TJ's "persecution" of Burr at his trial in 1807.

Reference: 1382
Author: Silver, Joel
Title: "Thomas Jefferson as a Book Collector"
Publication: AB Bookman's Weekly
Volume: 100
Date: (September 15, 1997)
Extent: 586-94.

Notes: Account of TJ's interest in books, with particular attention on the sale of his library to the nation in order to re-found the Library of Congress. 6487 volumes were sold for $23,950, with prices being set in accordance with the size of the volume. After much debate, Congress voted to accept the purchase; college graduates voted 34-15 against the purchase, but non-college graduates voted 100-30 in favor of it.

Reference: 3281
Author: Simms, L. Moody
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and Architecture in the Early Republic."
Publication: Illinois Quarterly
Volume: 33
Date: (1970)
Extent: 6-15

Notes: General discussion.

Reference: 161
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "The Concept of the Historical Self in Brother to Dragons "
Publication: Robert Penn Warren's Brother to Dragons: A Discussion ed. James A. Grimshaw, Jr.
Publisher: Louisiana State University Press,
Place of Publication: Baton Rouge:
Date: (1983)
Extent: 244-49.

Notes: Discusses Warren's revision of Brother to Dragons in terms of the representation of TJ; the most important change involves a lessened hope for the melioration of the human condition and a more pessimistic attitude, expressed by the character TJ, toward the human heart and its capacity to love.

Reference: 225
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "The Ferocity of Self: History and Consciousness in Southern Literature."
Publication: South Central Review
Volume: 1
Date: (Spring-Summer, 1984)
Extent: 67-84.

Notes: Contends that "the essential motive of southern writers" has been their explicit or implicit recognition of their relationship to an Old South that was centered on the self rather than on family. Discusses Allen Tate's attempt to dissociate TJ from the southern tradition and Robert Penn Warren's more perceptive understanding of TJ's vision of the slave society of the South as a culture of the self. Centers on a consideration of TJ's "great poetic statement about self and slavery" in Query XVII of Notes . Claims that TJ's analysis of the master-slave relationship in Notes anticipates the analysis in Hegel's Phenomenology of Mind (1807). TJ seems to suggest that the rational, secular, historical self can only realize its will through violence, and he perhaps recognizes that the slave is both an other and opposing self even as he is yet part of the master's self. Thus "the eighteenth Query ... is an ominous gloss on the Declaration of Independence" which calls into question the very possibility of the self as an independent entity. TJ as a proto-Hegelian might be a reach, but a stimulating, suggestive argument.

Reference: 275
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "The Ideology of Revolution"
Publication: The History of Southern Literature, eds. Louis D. Rubin, Lewis P. Simpson, and Thomas D. Young.
Publisher: Louisiana State University Press,
Place of Publication: Baton Rouge:
Date: (1985)
Extent: 57-67.

Notes: Treats TJ as a "poet-prophet" who unmasked the ironies of a slave-owning society and was a fundamentally modernist thinker whose writing marked the climactic "movement of man and nature into mind." Claims his pastoral fiction of the yeoman farmer as ideological embodiment of freedom was "more relevant to the literary imagination in the nonslaveholding parts of the new nation than it was to the man of letters in the South." A considerably more suggestive and stimulating discussion than offered by most literary dictionaries or encyclopedias.

Reference: 519
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Writing of the South"
Publication: The Columbia Literary History of the United States, ed. Emory Elliott.
Publisher: Columbia Univ. Press,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1988)
Extent: 127-35.

Notes: Presents the context of TJ's writing as the peculiar phenomenon of the Southern republic of letters made possible by the institution of slavery. TJ made Monticello "a climactic expression of the equation in the Southern planting society--especially in the Virginian version of this society--of land, slaves, and mind." Argues that Notes places TJ in the company of the great minds of the eighteenth century, even while it also implies doubt both in the mind's capacity to incorporate existence and in the validity of the mind's conception of itself as the instrument of reason.

Reference: 583
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "Land, Slaves, and Mind: the High Culture of the Jeffersonian South"
Publication: Mind and the American Civil War
Publisher: Louisisana State University Press,
Place of Publication: Baton Rouge:
Date: (1989)
Extent: 1-32.

Notes: A humane and powerful meditation on the high culture, the culture of mind, in the Old South, particularly Virginia, focusing on TJ. Opening pages discuss the visits of George Ticknor to Monticello and Charlottesville to see TJ among his books and to see his university in order to expose shared values and underlying differences between the New England and the Southern minds. Inquires into the paradox of TJ's career that ought to have embodied the "achievement of a fully definitive stage in the secularization of a culture that ... reached a comparatively advanced stage of economic adventurism and economic freedom." Finds in the "primary subject" of Notes , the intricate connection between slavery and the rational ethos, a masked doubt of the power of the mind to become independent, most dramatically revealed in Query xvii's "apocalyptic" outburst about slavery's effect on the planter mind. Describes the University as his attempt to create an "American clerisy," an educated elite who would be simultaneously citizens of the American republic and the republic of letters.

Reference: 758
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "The Autobiographical Impulse in the South," in
Publication: Home Ground: Southern Autobiography, ed. J. Bill Berry.
Publisher: University of Missouri Press
Place of Publication: Columbia
Date: (1991)
Extent: 63-84.

Notes: In the context of discussing the relative "paucity of formal autobiographical writing in the South," discusses TJ's Autobiography as presenting a central problem for Southerners. In order to find themselves in texts that reveal their awakened selves and that of their people they must inevitably come to the recognition of their family and blood connections to African American selves. TJ suppressed this knowledge in the Autobiography and elsewhere.

Reference: 810
Author: Simpson, Jeffrey
Title: "Jefferson's Counterpane."
Publication: Architectural Digest
Volume: 49
Date: (September, 1992)
Extent: 210-12.

Notes: A bed coverlet TJ had made in Paris returns to Monticello.

Reference: 1084
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "A Fable of White and Black: Jefferson, Madison, Tate"
Publisher: Louisiana State University Press
Place of Publication: in The Fable of the Southern Writer . Baton Rouge
Date: (March 1994
Extent: 24-53.

Notes: Discussion of the “autobiographical impulse in southern white self-biography” that sees TJ's Autobiography as a key text, although the essay has much less to say about it than about Allen Tate's writing. Sees the key to TJ's text to be his fear of miscegenation, supported by the delusional belief that Africans belonged to another history that allows him to support the liberating principles of the Declaration and the simultaneous ownership of slaves.

Reference: 1277
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: “The Poet and the Father: Robert Penn Warren and Thomas Jefferson,”
Publication: The Sewanee Review
Volume: 104
Date: (Winter, 1996)
Extent: 46-69.

Notes: Warren's long poem, Brother to Dragons , published originally in 1953 and revised and republished in 1979, recounts the story of TJ's nephews in Kentucky who brutally murdered a seventeen year old slave. Warren found TJ's silence about this incident symbolically powerful, seeing it as symbolically analogous to his own quest for meaning in history. Thus, he had no choice but to keep on living with and remaking his text.

Reference: 1102
Author: Simpson, Lloyd D.
Title: Notes on Thomas Jefferson, By a Citizen of Maryland
Publisher: Sherman & Co.
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1885)
Extent: pp. 182

Notes: Analyzes TJ's character in order to prove that he more than anyone else has fostered "the restlessness, the self-assertion, the restiveness under parental control, the diminished reverence for all that is sacred and venerable," etc. which now exists among us.

Reference: 1103
Author: Simpson, Stephen
Title: The Lives of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson: With a Parallel
Publisher: Henry Young
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1833)
Extent: pp. 389

Notes: Washington in the field and Jefferson in the cabinet accomplished a revolution without parallel in history for its grandeur.

Reference: 1104
Author: Simpson, Stephen
Title: The Life of Thomas Jefferson. With a Portrait and a Parallel (Washington and Jefferson Compared)
Publisher: J. G. Russell
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1844)
Extent: pp. 189-389

Notes: Reissue of the Jefferson section of the previous item with a new title page but retaining the old pagination.

Reference: 1977
Author: Simpson, Joseph Bernard
Title: Hamiltonism vs. Jeffersonism. A Refutation of the Popular Calumnies Against Alexander Hamilton
Publisher: Thomas J. Howarth & Co.
Place of Publication: Chester, Ill.
Date: (1904)
Extent: pp. 64

Notes: The usual Hamiltonian's case against TJ.

Reference: 2451
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "Literary Ecumenicalism of the American Enlightenment"
Publication: The Ibero-American Enlightenment, ed. A. Owen Aldridge
Publisher: Univ. of Illinois Press
Place of Publication: Urbana
Date: (1971)
Extent: 317-32

Notes: Claims TJ's identification of the American landscape with Arcadia, as in Query xix of Notes, was instrumental in turning the Enlightenment ideal of a world of letters into a nationalistic, even parochial, ideal. Suggestive.

Reference: 3282
Author: Simpson, George Gaylord
Title: "The Beginnings of Vertebrate Paleontology in North America."
Publication: Proceedings of the APS
Volume: 86
Date: (1942)
Extent: 130-88

Notes: Discusses TJ's contributions to paleontology and argues that he was important as a publicist and encouraging force but that "he was not a vertebrate paleontologist in any reasonable sense."

Reference: 3283
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "The Garden of the Covenant and the Garden of the Chattel"
Publication: The Dispossessed Garden, Pastoral and History in Southern Literature
Publisher: Univ. of Georgia Press
Place of Publication: Athens
Date: (1975)
Extent: 1-33

Notes: Argues that in Monticello and Notes TJ participated in the inherently alienating paradox of a pastoral ideal based on chattel slavery. This argument is recapitulated more briefly in "The Southern Literary Vocation" in Toward a New American Literary History: Essays in Honor of Arlin Turner, ed. Louis J. Budd, et. al. Durham: Duke Univ. Press, 1979. 25-28.

Reference: 3284
Author: Simpson, Lewis P.
Title: "The Symbolism of Literary Alienation in the Revolutionary Age."
Publication: Journal of Politics
Volume: 38
Date: (1976)
Extent: 79-100

Notes: Contends that TJ's "reversal of mind and society as paradigms for order" has resulted in a "radical displacement of the traditional community" and a "subjectification of American society."

Reference: 447
Author: Sindt, Dee
Title: "Tribute to Thomas Jefferson at Clos de Vougeot."
Publication: Wine World
Volume: 61
Date: (Spring, 1987)
Extent: 14-20.

Notes: Describes dinner given by La Confrèrie des Chevaliers du Tastevin to commemorate TJ's 1787 tour through Burgundy. A social note, in effect, with little on TJ and wine.

Reference: 448
Author: Singer, Alan
Title: "Why Did the Founding Fathers Write the Constitution of the United States?"
Publication: OAH Magazine of History
Volume: 2
Date: (Fall, 1987)
Extent: 25-32.

Notes: Fictional discussion among TJ, John Adams, Madison, Hamilton, and Abigail Adams that questions whether the Constitution was a defense of liberty or a self-serving document to preserve the economic and political position of aristocrats.

Reference: 3285
Author: Sinnott, John P.
Title: "Mr. Jefferson's Mothball Fleet."
Publication: Navy Magazine
Volume: 13
Date: (1971)
Extent: 22-26

Notes: On TJ's proposed floating drydock.

Reference: 1978
Author: Sisson, Daniel
Title: The American Revolution of 1800
Publisher: Knopf
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1974)
Extent: pp.xvii,468

Notes: Examination of the circumstances and significance of TJ's coming to power in 1800. Argues that he conceived a "strategy that will enable the people to negate the present or existing system. By a conversion of military to peaceful means, Jefferson produced a strategy and an organization whose means could be identified in spirit and principle with the purposes of the revolution. It enabled the people to identify with the emerging democratic sentiment that was a 'second city' within the body politic.... the capacity of the Jeffersonians to combine a revolutionary ideology and a dynamic political organization culminated in the first modern theory of a politics of revolution." Suggestive study.

Reference: 3287
Author: Skallerup, Harry R.
Title: "'For His Excellency Thomas Jefferson, Esq.': The Tale of a Wandering Book."
Publication: Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress
Volume: 31
Date: (1974)
Extent: 116-21

Notes: How TJ's copy of Jose de Mendoza y Rios' A Complete Collection of Tables for Navigation and Nautical Astronomy ended up in the Naval Academy library instead of the Library of Congress.

Reference: 1979
Author: Skeen, Carl
Title: Jefferson and the West, 1798-1808
Publisher: Anthony Wayne Parkway Board/Ohio State Museum
Place of Publication: Columbus, Ohio
Date: (1960)
Extent: pp. 54

Notes: Originally an M. A. thesis at Ohio State Univ. ; discusses TJ's policies on Western expansion while president, with emphasis on the old Northwest. Concludes that "The West, in a sense, began with Jefferson."

Reference: A71
Author: Skidmore, Max J.
Title: "The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: American Political Thought
Publisher: St. Martin's Press,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1978)
Extent: 70-75.

Notes: Describes TJ as "fully within the liberal tradition," but also as inconsistent. Conventional treatment, too brief to open up complex issues.

Reference: 226
Author: Skillen, James W.
Title: "The Republican Vision of Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: America, Christian or Secular, ed. Jerry S. Herbert.
Publisher: Multnomah Press,
Place of Publication: Portland, Oregon:
Date: (1984)
Extent: 147-65.

Notes: Describes TJ's beliefs as a rationalist monism, " a single philosophy of personal life and politics as an integral religious totality," whereas genuinely Christian groups retained a dualistic perspective: their own particular religious perspective for their private lives and a TJ-style rationalism for their public lives. Denominationalism with its identification of religion with diverse groups supported TJ's moral philosophy as an all-embracing secular political instrument.

Reference: 449
Author: Skillen, James W.
Title: "Changing Assumptions in the Public Governance of Education: What Has Been Changed and What Ought to Change"
Publication: Democracy and the Renewal of Public Education, ed. Richard John Neuhaus.
Publisher: Eerdmans,
Place of Publication: Grand Rapids:
Date: (1987)
Extent: 86-115.

Notes: Finds fundamentally incompatible the assumption drawn from the Greco-Roman tradition that government holds primary responsibility for educating citizens with that rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition which placed primary authority for educating children in the hands of parents. TJ and many of his contemporaries embraced the former assumption, but their philosophic understanding of human nature as sovereign individual persons defined by a universal law of nature entailed no detailed social or political philosophy. Claims TJ's natural rights beliefs lacked "a sufficiently positive content for its idea of political community" and "said even less about the distinct nature and purpose of the family, the school, the church, the economic enterprise, and so forth." Charges TJ with a republican dogmatism that was in effect a "biased sectarian ... philosophy" of rationalistic empiricism and enlightened moralism.

Reference: 450
Author: Skillen, James W.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Religious Character of Education."
Publication: Religion and Public Education
Volume: 14
Date: (1987)
Extent: 381-85.

Notes: Contends that TJ's belief in a moral sense common to all human beings was "dogmatic," in effect putting him in the same category as those he criticized. Repeats the argument made elsewhere (see previous item) for the need to find a "new framework of public pluralism for schools" that is not based on a Jeffersonian faith in reason but upon religious views that emphasize human relationship to the Creator.

Reference: 632
Author: Skillen, James W.
Title: "Religion and Education Policy: Where Do We Go From Here?"
Publication: Journal of Law and Politics
Volume: 6
Date: (1990)
Extent: 503-25.

Notes: Critiques TJ's educational philosophy as "dogmatic and parochial" and as unfortunately fundamental to the American common school system. Characterizes his thought as a "vacillation" between the individual person as one center of gravity and the universal law of nature as the other, and claims that his educational philosophy envisioned schools indoctrinating individuals in "rationalistic empiricism and enlightened moralism." Given this "bias," the answer is to abandon the common school in favor of independent schools, each defining its own philosophy of education. Such schools could discriminate according to gender or religion, but not by race or class, says the author. (Not clear why one sort of discrimination is legitimate and another not.)

Reference: 1980
Author: Skolnik, Richard, comp.
Title: 1803: Jefferson's Decision, The United States Purchases Louisiana
Publisher: Chelsea House
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1969)
Extent: pp. xix, 194

Notes: Collection of primary material for undergraduates; introduction and notes.

Reference: 811
Author: Slade, Joseph W.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson,"
Publication: in Robert J. Scholnik, ed. American Literature and Science
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Place of Publication: Lexington
Date: (1992)
58-76.

Notes: Sees Notes as TJ's only substantial contribution to literature and claims that Notes “shows that his literary talents exceeded his scientific accomplishments. ” Shallow account of TJ's scientific interests and activities and a narrow, unimaginative assessment of his literary art.

Reference: 2452
Author: Slicer, Thomas R.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Influence of Democracy upon Religion"
Publication: Pioneers of Religious Liberty in America, Being the Great and Thursday Lectures Delivered in Boston in nineteen hundred and three
Publisher: American Unitarian Association
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1903)
Extent: 161-84

Notes: TJ's democracy was "based in the essential dignity of human nature" and went hand in hand with a kind of religious liberty (later espoused by Channing) which saw as the only "great facts of religion" God and the soul.

Reference: 471
Author: Sloan, Herbert E.
Title: "Principle and Interest: Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Debt." Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University,
Publication: DAI 979-A.
Volume: 51
Date: (1988)
Date: (1990)
Extent: 552.

Notes: Examines TJ's obsession with public and private debt in terms of his own situation as a long term, heavily indebted Virginia planter as well as in terms of the context of his republican thought. Claims that by exploring the relationship between TJ's plight as a private debtor and his adamant opposition to public debt we can clarify TJ's contributions to the development of republican doctrine in the U. S.

Reference: 774
Author: Sloan, Samuel H.
Title: The Slave Children of Thomas Jefferson.
Publisher: Orsden Press
Place of Publication: Lynchburg
Date: (1992)
Extent: pp. vi, 309.

Notes: Author became convinced that TJ was the father of children by Sally Hemings and other black women because Virginius Dabney's argument seemed so overstated that the contrary must be true. Rambling account based almost entirely on mostly unfounded suppositions, some of them verging on the ludicrous, eg. the closet over TJ's bed was in fact an “orgy room” used for sex with various slave women; or, TJ's slave children had a strange affinity for the name Madison, as in Madison Hemings, whose brother moved to Madison, WI, and another supposed descendant lived for a time on Madison Street in Lynchburg. Not very useful.

Reference: 962
Author: Sloan, Herbert
Title: "`The Earth Belongs in Usufruct to the Living'," in Jeffersonian Legacies , ed. Onuf.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1993)
Extent: 281-315.

Notes: On TJ's letter to Madison of September 6, 1789, its revelations about his attitudes toward various forms of public indebtedness and its connections to his own debt burdens. Points to the significance of TJ's use of the concept of a “generation” and to his mathematical calculations. Sees TJ's famous remarks in this letter about the earth belonging to the living as a key to his political path in the 1790s.

Reference: 1119
Author: Sloan, Herbert E.
Title: Principle and Interest: Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Debt .
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1995)
Extent: pp. viii, 377.

Notes: Detailed, suggestive examination of TJ's relationship to debt on both a personal and public level. TJ first incurred major financial obligations when his father-in-law died in 1774, and he was never out of death for the rest of his life. Lays out the complex history of his indebtedness and without indulging in unsupported psychologizing explores his concerns with public debt. A detailed analysis of TJ's September, 1789, letter to Madison on the rights of the living supports a claim that this concept underlay his later thinking about public debt, which in turn becomes a central concern of his political career from 1790 on. Also argues that TJ's bad conscience about the compromise with Hamilton on assumption of the debt drove his political activities in the same period. TJ's handling of his personal debt is seen mostly as well intentioned but flawed by his tendency to rely on optimal outcomes of schemes to reduce debt and by a tendency to deny the seriousness of his situation. Offers a fairly sympathetic account of his critique of Federalist financial policies that reveals TJ as something other than a shrill paranoid obsessed with “monocrats” and monarchists, as some have portrayed him, and points to the successes of his effort to reduce the national debt, although it is later negated by the War of 1812. An important book that sheds a great deal of light on TJ's political beliefs and activities.

Reference: 1981
Author: Sloane, William M.
Title: "World Aspects of the Louisiana Purchase."
Publication: AHR
Volume: 8
Date: (1904)
Extent: 507-21

Notes: TJ forced into the Purchase because of, among other reasons, a dangerous political situation at home with the West and South possibly ready to go over to the Federalists. Both the Federalists and the Republicans in the subsequent squabble over constitutionality tacitly abandoned the strict constructionist view of powers delegated to Congress.

Reference: 3288
Author: Slonimsky, Nicolas
Title: "Musical Miscellany."
Publication: Etude
Volume: 68
Date: (1950)
Extent: 4

Notes: Short note on TJ's decision to buy a pianoforte instead of a clavichord.

Reference: 3289
Author: Slosson, Edwin E.
Title: "Jefferson and State Education"
Publication: The American Spirit in Education; A Chronicle of Great Teachers
Publisher: Yale Univ. Press
Place of Publication: New Haven
Date: (1921)
Extent: 78-93

Notes: Among TJ's innovations should be counted the elective system, vocational specialization, and the honor system. He also wanted to restrict drastically the university's control over students' personal lives and to do away with honorary degrees and titles.

Reference: 1085
Author: Sly, Caroline
Title: "Jefferson's Skylights"
Publication: Early American Life
Volume: 25
Date: (August, 1994)
Extent: 32-35, 71.

Notes: Discusses the design and construction of TJ's thirteen skylights at Monticello. He thought that the area of the openings supplying light should equal the square root of the area of the room to be lit. His construction techniques coped with practical concerns for keeping out rain and preventing condensation, and they foreshadow techniques used in today's skylight design.

Reference: 1982
Author: Small, Norman J.
Title: Some Presidential Interpretations of the Presidency
Publication: Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Historical and Political Science
Volume: Series 50, no. 2.
Publisher: Johns Hopkins Press
Place of Publication: Baltimore
Date: (1932)
Extent: pp. 208

Notes: Organized thematically; compares opinions of Washington, TJ, Lincoln, T. Roosevelt, and Wilson.

Reference: 1105
Author: Smelser, Marshall
Title: "Mr. Jefferson in 1801"
Publication: The Democratic Republic 1801-1815
Publisher: Harper and Row
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1968)
Extent: 1-20

Notes: A sketch of TJ as he appeared in 1801, leading up to the inaugural speech which is presented as a keynote to the era. Considers the speech in terms of its reception by some of TJ's contemporaries.

Reference: 1983
Author: Smelser, Marshall
Title: "The Glorious Fourth: or, Glorious Second? or Eighth?"
Publication: History Teacher
Volume: 3
Date: (1970)
Extent: 25-30

Notes: no note

Reference: 472
Author: Smith, Kathie B.
Title: Thomas Jefferson.
Publisher: Julian Messner,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1988)
Extent: [24].

Notes: Juvenile, illustrated by James Seward. For readers in primary grades, and like most books for this age group no mention of troubling issues such as slavery, etc.

Reference: 633
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "A Perfect State of Preservation."
Publication: Virginia Cavalcade
Volume: 39
Date: (Winter, 1990)
Extent: 118-29.

Notes: Well-written account of TJ's proposal for dry docks in which to lay up naval ships not needed in peacetime. Gallatin advised TJ against the plan on fiscal as well as political grounds, especially when Latrobe's design turned out to be more elaborate and expensive than expected. Congress turned down the dry docks but accepted the gunboat idea.

Reference: 711
Author: Smith, Gene Allen
Title: "The Ruinous Folly of a Navy: A History of the Jeffersonian Gunboat Program."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation, Auburn University,
Publication: DAI 52-07A, p. 2689.
Date: (1991)
Extent: pp. 286.

Notes: TJ's support for the gunboats owed as much to political and economic reasons as to military policy. He saw them as only a part of an overall defense program that would have included deep water ships and coastal and harbor fortifications, but Congress never implemented the rest of the policy. (There was a lot of patronage in awarding contracts to build gunboats.) Perceived failure of the gunboats in the War of 1812 is in reality a failure of the government itself rather than of Jefferson's naval policy.

Reference: 963
Author: Smith, C. Carter
Title: “Thomas Jefferson” in The Founding Presidents: A Sourcebook on the U. S. Presidency .
Publisher: Millbrook Press
Place of Publication: Brookfield CT.
Date: (1993)
Extent: 58-71.

Notes: Juvenile biography.

Reference: 964
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "`For the Purposes of Defense': Thomas Jefferson's Naval Militia."
Publication: American Neptune
Volume: 53
Date: (1993)
Extent: 30-38.

Notes: On TJ's gunboat defense plan and the 1805 proposal to Congress, defeated the following year, to establish a naval militia to man the gunboats. Defends TJ against accusations of being opposed to any naval establishment.

Reference: 965
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "Thomas Paine's Naval Proposal to the Directory in 1797 and Thomas Jefferson's Implementation of the Plan in the U.S. "
Publication: The Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1850: Proceedings, 1992
Place of Publication: Tallahasee: Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution, Florida State University,
Date: (1993)
Extent: 290-98.

Notes: Paine proposed offensive deployment of gunboats for a possible French invasion of Britain; TJ envisioned defensive missions for gunboats. Eventually, however, each of them adapted each others arguments for their own policy.

Reference: 966
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "U.S. Navy Gunboats and the Slave Trade in Louisiana Waters, 1808-1811"
Publication: Military History of the West
Volume: 23
Date: (1993)
Extent: 133-47.

Notes: Only peripherally about TJ, more about the use of his gunboats to interdict the slave trade after the 1808 law abolishing it. They had very limited success, resulting more from inability to man and maintain the vessels than to their design. Claims, however, that their operations in enforcing the ban on the slave trade and in suppressing the River Road slave insurrections “vividly illustrates Jefferson's program of using the gunboats to uphold and support political policy. ”

Reference: 1086
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "Floating a Republican Idea: Jefferson's Gunboats at New Orleans"
Publication: Military History of the West
Volume: 24
Date: (1994)
Extent: 91-110.

Notes: Explains and defends TJ's ideas about gunboats and national defense. In the confrontations leading up to the Battle of New Orleans failed to hold off the invasion forces, but they gave Jackson time to deploy his forces. The British saw the gunboats as sufficiently important to place a priority on capturing or destroying them, and they manned captured gunboats and incorporated them into their forces.

Reference: 1087
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "`A Force of Being': North Carolina and Jefferson's Gunboat Navy"
Publication: Tributaries, A Publication of the North Carolina Maritime History Council
Date: (October 1994)
Extent: 31-35.

Notes: Gunboats had defensive value among the sand bars and shallow waters of North Carolina, but they were also popular because they advanced a Republican policy of spreading governmental responsibilities and rewards to the governed. Built in North Carolina, used to defend seaports like Wilmington, N. C., and capable of being manned by naval militia, these gunboats were an example of what TJ expected from the gunboat program.

Reference: 1088
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "Storm over the Gulf: America's Destiny Becoming Manifest," in The Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1850: Selected Papers, 1994 , ed. Ronald Caldwell, Donald D. Horward, John W. Rooney, Jr., John K. Severn.
Publisher: Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution
Place of Publication: Tallahassee
Date: (1994)
Extent: 510-16.

Notes: How TJ, Madison, and Monroe moved to acquire Florida by covertly supporting or encouraging filibusters, dissidents, and military action that undermined Spanish authority and destroyed the threat of Indian activity and free Negro settlements. Claims that this fulfilled the Jeffersonian policy of acquiring lands “without war,” but this claim seems qualified by the actions described here.

Reference: 1089
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "`To Conquer Without War': The Philosophy of Jeffersonian Expansion in the Spanish Gulf Borderlands, 1800-1820," The Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1850, Proceedings, Date: (1993)

Publisher: Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution
Place of Publication: Florida State University, Tallahassee
Date: (1994)
Extent: 415-22.

Notes: TJ sought to control the Mississippi and other rivers that ran to the Gulf of Mexico from U. S. territory because of the needs of western settlers. He sought to acquire Florida because it posed a threat to U. S. security when in the hands of a foreign power, either as a staging base for operations on the southern states, a haven for hostile Indians, or a refuge for runaway slaves who might encourage uprisings in neighboring states. Also contends that the policy of acquisition was related to belief in “the pursuit of happiness” by providing land for future republican farmers, or in Madison's and Monroe's understanding, by serving as a site for economic development that would contribute directly to happiness and would forestall the need to employ surplus population in manufacturing.

Reference: 1120
Author: Smith, James Morton, ed.
Title: The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776-1826
Publisher: W. W. Norton
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1995)
Extent: 3 vols.
Extent: pp. xix, 661; ix, 662-1351; ix, 1352-2073.

Notes: Well-edited and annotated edition of the correspondence between TJ and Madison, chronologically organized, with informative short essays that explain the historical and political context for letters at specific moments. An essential resource for anyone wishing to understand the relationship between these two or for anyone seeking to understand the political life of the early republic.

Reference: 1121
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: "For the Purposes of Defense": The Politics of the Jeffersonian Gunboat Program .
Publisher: University of Delaware Press
Place of Publication: Newark
Date: (1995)
Extent: pp. xiii, 185.

Notes: Study of naval policy during TJ's presidency, focusing on the political and ideological context of the gunboat program. Contends that the gunboats have been misunderstood by earlier writers who have tended to see it as the whole of TJ's naval program rather than recognizing that it was only intended to be a part of a larger defensive plan that included harbor fortifications, floating, moving, and stationary batteries, deep-water ships, and a naval militia. Because of their cheapness to build, however, they were attractive to republican politicians who focused on issues of debt and taxation such as Gallatin and various party leaders in Congress. Gunboats were funded when other proposals for a larger naval establishment were defeated. Also, when the Philadelphia went aground in Tripoli, a need for shallow-draft warships became apparent. Contracts for gunboat construction were also a sort of Jeffersonian public works policy, fostering support for the administration by being awarded in many different locations. Includes account of where the 177 gunboats were eventually stationed and their various uses.

Reference: 1206
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: “A Means to an End: Gunboats and Thomas Jefferson's Theory of Defense,”
Publication: American Neptune
Volume: 55
Date: (1995)
Extent: 111-21.

Notes: Argues that TJ did not intend gunboats as replacement for deep-water ships but as a complementary part of “a balanced, pluralistic force consisting of ships-of-the-line, frigates, smaller vessels including gunboats, floating, stationary, and moving batteries, as well as coastal fortifications, all working in unison to ensure the nation's security. ” Sees TJ's central military strategy as defensive of American land. Part of a defensive system, the gunboats were ridiculed in his time and later by those who wanted an offensive navy.

Reference: 1278
Author: Smith, Catherine F.
Title: “Thomas Jefferson's Computer,”
Publication: Computers and Composition
Volume: 13
Date: (no. 1, 1996)
Extent: 5-21.

Notes: Suggests that TJ's devices for writing, copying, preserving, and encrypting documents were an “implied computer,” and contends that his commitment to “the freedom of information and ideas,” evident in his writing practices, is grounded in his democratic ethic. His writing practices reveal the “self-governance through deliberation” that is necessary for democracy, and they are exemplary for contemporary composition theorists worried about whether computers will be liberatory or instruments of domination and surveillance.

Reference: 1279
Author: Smith, Gene A.
Title: “`To Effect a Peace Through the Medium of War': Jefferson and the Circumstances of Force in the Mediterranean,”
Publication: Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers
Date: (1996)
Extent: 155-60.

Notes: A brief, clear account of TJ's actions taken against the Barbary States. Sees TJ's policy of military intervention as effective and, ultimately, economical.

Reference: 1383
Author: Smith, James Morton
Title: "The Real Jefferson"
Publication: Virginia Quarterly Review
Volume: 73
Date: (1997)
Extent: 356-62.

Notes: Appreciative review essay on Burstein's
Title: Inner Jefferson.

Reference: A72
Author: Smith, John E.
Title: "Philosophical Ideas Behind the `Declaration of Independence.'"
Publication: Revue Internationale de Philosophie
Volume: 31
Date: (1977)
Extent: 360-76.

Notes: Analyzes thoughtfully the philosophic implications of the Declaration but does not confront TJ directly. Sees the Declaration as a touchstone for the evaluation of the American situation at any given time as well as the articulation of a philosophy of freedom which supports American civil society. Discusses the notion of unalienable rights and the specific rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and comments on some major problems resulting from the individualism at the heart of the Founder's political philosophy, on the instrumental concept of government implied by their philosophy, and on the ill-founded optimism that the establishment of liberty would necessarily lead to equality.

Reference: 1106
Author: Smith, Bessie White
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: The Romances of the Presidents
Publisher: Lothrop, Lee, and Shepard
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1932)
Extent: 38-51

Notes: TJ courts Rebecca Burwell and Martha Wayles Skelton.

Reference: 1107
Author: Smith, Charles Card
Title: "The Life of Thomas Jefferson. By Henry S. Randall, LL.D
Publication: North American Review
Volume: 91
Date: (1860)
Extent: 107-18

Notes: TJ's true character was revealed after his death by publication of his letters and testimony of those who knew him intimately.

Reference: 1108
Author: Smith, Datus C., Jr.
Title: "The Jefferson Monument: The Nation's No. I University Press Project."
Publication: Saturday Review of Literature
Volume: 33
Date: (1950)
Extent: 12-13, 61

Notes: Story of the Jefferson Papers project at Princeton Univ. Press.

Reference: 1109
Author: Smith, Dorothy Hunt and Mina Ruese
Title: "He Wrote the Declaration."
Publication: Christian Science Monitor Magazine
Date: (1945)
Extent: 3

Notes: On the projected edition of the Papers.

Reference: 1110
Author: Smith, Glenn Curtis
Title: "Jefferson on the Press"
Publication: Tyler's Quarterly
Volume: 27
Date: (1945)
Extent: 13-16

Notes: TJ advocated a free press but deplored the malignity and vulgarity of the press in his time.

Reference: 1111
Author: Smith, Helen Ainslie
Title: "Jefferson"
Publication: One Hundred Famous Americans
Publisher: G. Routledge and Sons
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1889)
Extent: 68-73

Notes: no note

Reference: 1112
Author: Smith, Margaret Bayard
Title: The First Forty Years of Washington Society
Publisher: Scribner's
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1906)
Extent: pp. xii, 424

Notes: TJ dealt with throughout; Margaret Bayard of the Federalist Delaware Bayards married Samuel Harrison Smith, editor of The National Intelligencer, and came to admire TJ, described in the preface as "her life's hero."

Reference: 1113
Author: Smith, Margaret Bayard
Title: "Washington in Jefferson's Time."
Publication: Scribner's Magazine
Volume: 40
Date: (1906)
Extent: 292-310

Notes: Adapted from the previous item.

Reference: 1114
Author: Smith, Page
Title: Jefferson: A Revealing Biography
Publication: American Heritage
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1976)
Extent: pp. 310

Notes: Numerous illustrations; a popular biography attempting to do some of the same things Fawn Brodie did, get at TJ's emotional life, etc., but with less success and no documentation.

Reference: 1115
Author: Smith, Paul H.
Title: "Time and Temperature: Philadelphia, July 4, 1776."
Publication: Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress
Volume: 33
Date: (1976)
Extent: 294-99

Notes: Discusses the time of day when the debate on the Declaration concluded and the weather on the 4th.

Reference: 1116
Author: Smith, Samuel
Title: "Eulogy, Pronounced in Baltimore, Maryland, July 20th 1826"
Publication: A Selection of Eulogies ....
Publisher: D. F. Robinson
Place of Publication: Hartford
Date: (1826)
Extent: 7 1-90

Notes: Claims TJ's last words were "I resign my Soul to my God, and My daughter to my country!"

Reference: 1117
Author: Smith, Samuel Harrison
Title: Memoirs of the Life, Character and Writings of Thomas Jefferson; Delivered in the Capitol, Before the Columbian Institute, on the Sixth of January, 1827, and Published at Their Request
Publisher: S. A. Elliott
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1827)
Extent: pp. 38

Notes: Extensive survey of TJ's life.

Reference: 1118
Author: Smith, Sheldon
Title: "Eulogy, Pronounced at Buffalo, New York, July 22nd, 1826"
Publication: A Selection of Eulogies ....
Publisher: D. F. Robinson
Place of Publication: Hartford
Date: (1826)
Extent: 91-96

Notes: no note

Reference: 1984
Author: Smith, Charles Emory
Title: "The Louisiana Purchase"
Publication: The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Lipscomb and Bergh
Publisher: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1903)
Extent: 3:i-vii

Notes: no note

Reference: 1985
Author: Smith, Gaddis
Title: "The U.S. vs. International Terrorists, A Chapter from Our Past."
Publication: American Heritage
Volume: 28
Date: (1977)
Extent: 37-43

Notes: TJ's efforts to put down the Barbary pirates are not an adequate model for dealing with present-day terrorist highjackers.

Reference: 1986
Author: Smith, Glenn Curtis
Title: "Notes on Thomas Jefferson's Summary View of the Rights of British Americans."
Publication: VMHB
Volume: 59
Date: (1951)
Extent: 494-98

Notes: Uncritical description and brief account of the historical context.

Reference: 1987
Author: Smith, James Morton
Title: Freedom's Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liberties
Publisher: Cornell Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Ithaca
Date: (1956)
Extent: pp. xv, 464

Notes: The definitive book on the subject, focusing particularly on the struggles in the press. TJ mentioned throughout, more as an object of political attention than as an active participant in this phase of the resistance to the Alien and Sedition Laws.

Reference: 1988
Author: Smith, James Morton
Title: "The Grass Roots Origins of the Kentucky Resolutions."
Publication: WMQ
Volume: 3rd ser. 27
Date: (1970)
Extent: 221-245

Notes: Argues for closer examination of events in Kentucky prior to the Resolutions as a balance to historians' concentration on TJ's involvement as theoretician and author.

Reference: 1989
Author: Smith, Robert Harold
Title: "Albert Gallatin and American Fiscal Policy during Jefferson's First Administration."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Syracuse Univ
Place of Publication: Syracuse
Date: (1954)
Extent: pp. 276

Notes: Discusses Gallatin's role in trying to achieve the three main financial goals of TJ's administration, prompt retirement of the federal debt, reduction of taxation, and economy in government. Although TJ and Madison had opposed the First Bank of the United States, under Gallatin's influence the Bank was strengthened and expanded. DAI 14/09, p. 1325.

Reference: 1990
Author: Smith, Sherwin D.
Title: "Forty-two Campaigns Ago."
Publication: New York Times Magazine
Date: (1964)
Extent: 82-88

Notes: On TJ, John Adams, and America's "first campaign" in 1796.

Reference: 1991
Author: Smith, William Raymond
Title: "The Leader of the Consensus"
Publication: The Rhetoric of American Politics
Publisher: Greenwood Publishing
Place of Publication: Westport, Conn.
Date: (1969)
Extent: 125-42

Notes: Rhetorical analysis of TJ's first inaugural speech.

Reference: 2453
Author: Smith, Dorothy Valentine
Title: "Ideas and Ideals That Conceived the Declaration of Independence."
Publication: Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine
Volume: 110
Date: (1976)
Extent: 739-48

Notes: Grudgingly admits TJ had a hand in it.

Reference: 2454
Author: Smith, T. V.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Perfectibility of Mankind."
Publication: Ethics
Volume: 53
Date: (1943)
Extent: 293-310

Notes: TJ's deepest credo was "It is not only permissible for liberal men to have diverse ends; it is inevitable and, indeed, desirable."

Reference: 3290
Author: Smith, B. M.
Title: "Loftiest Edifices Need the Deepest Foundations: Monticello."
Publication: Hobbies
Volume: 56
Date: (1951)
Extent: 58-60

Notes: Describes design and furnishings of Monticello.

Reference: 3291
Author: Smith, C. Alphonso
Title: Thomas Jefferson
Publication: Die Amerikanische Literatur. Bibliothek der amerikanischen Kulturgeschicte. hgb. von N.M. Butler und Wilhelm Paxzkowski. Bank II.
Publisher: Weidman
Place of Publication: Berlin
Date: (1912)
Extent: none given

Notes: Claims TJ influenced the course of American literature by the vigor of his style but more importantly by looking at every problem from the viewpoint of human freedom. "Jeffersonianism is today better exemplified in American literature than in American politics." Trans. by the author and rpt. in Southern Literary Studies; A Collection of Literary, Biographical, and Other Sketcheds. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1927. 94-119.

Reference: 3292
Author: Smith, David Eugene
Title: Thomas Jefferson and Mathematics
Publication: Scripta Mathematica
Volume: 1
Date: (1932)
Extent: 3-14

Notes: Describes TJ's interest in mathematics; he was more interested in application than in theory. Also printed separately and in Smith's The Poetry of Mathematics and Other Essays. New York: Scripta Mathematica, 1934. 49-70.

Reference: 3293
Author: Smith, Doris N.
Title: Thomas Jefferson's Proposals Concerning Public Education of an Educated Electorate
Publication: M.A. thesis
Publisher: Bowling Green State Univ
Date: (1962)
Extent: none

Notes: no note

Reference: 3294
Author: Smith, Glenn C.
Title: Thomas Jefferson Loved Flowers
Publication: Flower and Garden
Volume: 6
Date: (1962)
Extent: 30-31

Notes: no note

Reference: 3295
Author: Smith, Gordon S.
Title: Poplar Forest: Jefferson's Bedford Farm
Publication: Soil Conservation
Volume: 24
Date: (1959)
Extent: 195-97

Notes: On conservation of farm lands at Poplar Forest; peripheral.

Reference: 3296
Author: Smith, Henry Nash
Title: A Highway to the Pacific: Thomas Jefferson and the Far West
Publication: Virgin Land
Publisher: Harvard Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Cambridge
Date: (1950)
Extent: 15-18

Notes: Brief chapter lauds TJ as "the intellectual father of the American advance to the Pacific."

Reference: 3297
Author: Smith, Hugh P.
Title: Some Limitations of the Educational Theory of Thomas Jefferson
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Volume:
Place of Publication: Univ. of North Carolin
Date: (1936)
Extent: none given

Notes: no note

Reference: 3298
Author: Smith, Russell
Title: Jefferson Program at Charlottesville
Publication: Musical America
Volume: 76
Date: (1956)
Extent: 7

Notes: Report on a concert at Monticello of music from TJ's collection.

Reference: 2455
Author: Smithline, Arnold
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Natural Religion in American Literature
Publisher: College and University Press
Place of Publication: New Haven
Date: (1966)
Extent: 56-64

Notes: Brief and somewhat superficial discussion of TJ's deism and his concept of the moral sense.

Reference: 276
Author: Smylie, James H.
Title: "Jefferson's Statute for Religious Freedom: The Hanover Presbytery Memorials, 1776-1786."
Publication: American Presbyterians (formerly Journal of Presbyterian History)
Volume: 63
Date: (1985)
Extent: 355-73.

Notes: Reprints the five Memorials with historical introduction explaining their part in the debates in Virginia over TJ's proposed Statute.

Reference: 1119
Author: Smyth, Clifford
Title: Thomas Jefferson, The Father of American Democracy
Publisher: Funk and Wagnalls
Place of Publication: Hartford
Date: (1931)
Extent: pp. 176

Notes: In the Builders of America Series; sentimental and uncritical.

Reference: 812
Author: Snider, Rose Marie
Title: “The Practice of Jeffersonian Democratic Ideals in Selected Contemporary American High Schools: A Naturalistic Inquiry.”
Publication: Ph. D. dissertation, Texas A&M University
Publication: DAI-A 53/06, 1759
Date: (1992)
Extent: Pp. 259.

Notes: TJ's conception of the school as an agent of democratic socialization is still held to be important; examines three diverse high schools in order to determine how socialization for democratic life takes place. Only peripherally on TJ.

Reference: A73
Author: Snyder, Martin D.
Title: "The Icon of Antiquity"
Publication: The Usefulness of Classical Learning in the Eighteenth Century: Papers Presented at the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Philological Association , ed. Susan Ford Wiltshire.
Publisher: American Philological Association,
Place of Publication: [University Park, PA]:
Date: (1977?)
Extent: 27-52.

Notes: In an essay on the imposition of the physical image of antiquity on the American scene compares TJ to Benjamin West and Horatio Greenough. Where West only hoped for an emulation of classical virtue, TJ sought to revive the form itself of the Roman republic, as evidenced by the Capitol for Virginia. By the time of Greenough's portrait of George Washington classical values were no longer intelligible as they had been to TJ and his contemporaries.

Reference: A74
Author: Sobel, Samuel
Title: "The Savior of Monticello" and "The Case of the Wandering Statue"
Publication: Intrepid Sailor
Publisher: Cresset Publishers,
Place of Publication: Philadelphia:
Date: (1980)
Extent: 25-60.

Notes: In a collection of essays about Commodore Uriah P. Levy, these two focus on Levy's admiration of TJ and his purchase of Monticello and efforts to restore it and preserve it for the people of the United states and on his commissioning of the statue of TJ by David d'Angers and his subsequent presentation of it to the U. S.

Reference: 1122
Author: Sofka, James Robert
Title: “Metternich, Jefferson, and the Enlightenment: Statecraft and Political Theory in early Nineteenth-Century Europe and America.”
Publication: Ph. D. dissertation, University of Virginia
Publication: DAI-A 56/04, 1518
Date: (1995)
Extent: Pp. 573.

Notes: A comparative analysis of the foreign and domestic policies of Prince Clemens Metternich and TJ in terms of their claims to be practitioners of Enlightened statecraft. Finds Metternich gives the more genuine expression of the ideals of the Enlightenment, particularly in his efforts to establish a legal foundation for a 'cooperative' European states system and in a series of innovative domestic reforms. TJ concern for American interests expressed in the material terms of a balance of power was accompanied by a traditional and conservative approach to social policy. Claims that the conventional assessments of their statecraft is shaped by the ideological concerns of late nineteenth-century nationalist historiography.

Reference: 1384
Author: Sofka, James R.
Title: "The Jeffersonian Idea of National Security: Commerce, the Atlantic Balance of Power, and the Barbary War, 1786-1805."
Publication: Diplomatic History
Volume: 21
Date: (1997)
Extent: 519-44.

Notes: Argues that TJ's statecraft was an extension rather than a repudiation of familiar patterns of eighteenth-century diplomacy.

Reference: 538
Author: Sogrin, Vladimir Viktorovitch
Title: Dzhefferson: Chelovek, Myslitel, Politik.
Publisher: Nauka,
Place of Publication: Moscow:
Date: (1989)
Extent: 278, [2].

Notes: This biographical study of TJ as man, thinker, and political leader examines the contradictory personality of TJ and his rich spiritual world. This latter is marked by his original, democratic judgments about the rights of man, the process of national self-definition, direct democracy and division of power, just government, and political pluralism. Puts him in the context of major figures of his time such as Burr, Adams, Washington, Hamilton, George III, and Napoleon but also pays attention to his private life among his family and friends. Intended for a wide circle of readers, this book is obviously the product of the post-glasnost era.

Reference: 1120
Author: Sokolsky, Eric
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Our Seven Greatest Presidents
Publication: Exposition
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1964)
Extent: 29-39

Notes: no note

Reference: 2456
Author: Solomon, Charles
Title: Karl Marx or Thomas Jefferson? A Debate on Individualism-Socialism Between Hon. Charles Solomon and Hon. George Gordon Battle
Publication: Political Science Pocket Library
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1931)
Extent: pp.30

Notes: no note

Reference: 162
Author: Somerville, Terry
Title: "Did America's Founding Fathers Really Stand on the Word of God?"
Publication: Christianity Today
Volume: 27
Date: (June 17, 1983)
Extent: 17-19.

Notes: Warns Christians not to turn to TJ for spiritual or theological teaching, no matter how much he has to offer us politically.

Reference: 2457
Author: Somerville, John
Title: "Contemporary Significance of the American Declaration of Independence."
Publication: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
Volume: 38
Date: (1978)
Extent: 489-504

Notes: Argues that the Declaration is even more important for us now because of TJ's recognition of the priority of civil rights and of the people's right of revolution.

Reference: A75
Author: Sommer, Frank H., III.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's First Plan for a Virginia Building," John C. Milley, ed.
Publication: Papers on American Art
Publisher: Edinburgh Press,
Place of Publication: Maple Shade, NJ:
Date: (1976)
Extent: 87-112.

Notes: Places TJ's proposal for a grotto in a larger tradition of neo-Palladian architecture (not Palladian per se , since TJ seems to have been influenced less by Palladio than by his interpreters). Argues that the theories of neo-Palladian, "regular" architects such as Giacomo Leoni, Colin Campbell, and Robert Morris fundamentally shaped a Jeffersonian campaign to lead an architectural revolution in Virginia. Sees TJ's comments on Virginia Architecture in Notes as a manifesto of sorts in favor of a displacement of vernacular architecture by "regular" architecture based on classical precedent.

Reference: 365
Author: Sorkin, Joel
Title: "`The Piratical Ensigns of Mahomet': Jefferson and the Barbarians."
Publication: National Review.
Volume: 38
Date: (March 28, 1986)
Extent: 50-52.

Notes: Describes TJ's policy of confronting the piracy of the Barbary States in the face of "Euro-cynicism." Such attitudes still exist as Ronald Reagan tries to organize a multinational stand against terrorism, and TJ's experience shows the necessity of the U. S. going it alone.

Reference: 1207
Author: Sosnoski, Thomas C.
Title: “La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt's Exile in America,”
Publication: Selected Papers: Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1850
Date: (1995)
Extent: 568-75.

Notes: Discusses the American experience in the years 1794-99 of the Duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, including his acquaintance with TJ. Not much on TJ, who did not hold Liancourt in particularly high esteem.

Reference: 1992
Author: Soto Paz, Rafael
Title: No es de Jefferson La Declaracion de Independencia
Publication: Editorial Lex
Place of Publication: Havana
Date: (1947)
Extent: pp. 32

Notes: Argues for Paine's authorship.

Reference: 3301
Author: Sowerby, E. Millicent
Title: Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson 5 vols.
Publisher: Library of Congress
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1952-1959)
Extent: none

Notes: An essential piece of scholarship. Based on TJ's catalogue of the library he sold in 1815, this adds bibliographic description of the editions or probable editions he owned and annotates the entries, usually with comments from TJ's own writings. Volume I has a preface describing the compiler's method and covers entries on civil and natural history. Volume 2 covers moral philosophy, 3 includes politics, 4 concludes entries on philosophy with citations in mathematics, astronomy, and geography and begins the entries on the fine arts. 5 concludes the fine arts entries and adds a section on sources, etc. plus an index for the whole catalogue.

Reference: 3302
Author: Sowerby, E. Millicent
Title: "Some Presentation Copies in the Library of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress
Volume: 8
Date: (1950)
Extent: 78-87

Notes: Jefferson's notation of author's names in some books is the only surviving record of their ownership.

Reference: 3303
Author: Sowerby, E. Millicent
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and His Library."
Publication: Papers of the Bibliographic Society of America
Volume: 50
Date: (1956)
Extent: 213-28

Notes: TJ was a bibliomaniac but not a bibliophile. Discusses the work involved in preparing the monumental Catalogue; anecdotal but suggestive. Translated into Spanish as "La Biblioteca de Thomas Jefferson." Revista Interamericana de Bibliografia. 8(no. 2, 1958), 115-24.

Reference: 1121
Author: Sparks, Edwin Erle
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, The Exponent of Democracy"
Publication: The Men Who Made the Nation: An Outline of United States History from 1760 to 1865
Publisher: Macmillan
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1901)
Extent: 218-54

Notes: Account of TJ's presidency, portraying him as a disappointed theorist.

Reference: 539
Author: Speler, Ralf-Torsten
Title: Clérisseau, v. Erdmannsdorf and Jefferson.
Publisher: Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg,
Place of Publication: Halle:
Date: (1989)
Extent: 20.

Notes: Loose comparison of TJ and Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorf, architect of the "neo-Palladio-Classical" mansion of Woerlitz, near Dessau. Both men had professional connections with Clérisseau. Emphasis on von Erdmannsdorf and lapses into a listing of Anhalt-Dessauers with connections to America.

Reference: 1122
Author: Spencer, John Bassett
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Climax of the Revolution."
Publication: Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine
Volume: 58
Date: (1924)
Extent: 289-94

Notes: TJ's life before the Declaration.

Reference: 1993
Author: Spencer, Donald S.
Title: "Appeals to the People: The Later Genet Affair."
Publication: New York Historical Society Quarterly
Volume: 54
Date: (1970)
Extent: 241-67

Notes: TJ's role in the excitement about Genet's threat to appeal over Washington's head to the people. His letter demanding Genet's recall was in fact a demand for a reevaluation of French policy toward the United States and an attempt to protect American neutrality.

Reference: 3304
Author: Spencer, Thomas Eugene
Title: "Education and American Liberalism: A comparison of the Views of Thomas Jefferson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and John Dewey."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Illinois
Date: (1963)
Extent: pp. 262

Notes: "Despite obvious differences, Jefferson, Emerson, and Dewey had much in common." DAI 24/10, p. 4099.

Reference: 2458
Author: Spengler, Joseph J.
Title: "The Political Economy of Jefferson, Madison, and Adams"
Publication: American Studies in Honor of William Kenneth Boyd, ed. David K. Jackson
Publisher: Duke Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Durham
Date: (1940)
Extent: 3-59

Notes: TJ's economic views owed little to the Physiocrats but much to Adam Smith, Hume, and Postlethwayte's dictionary.

Reference: 1994
Author: Spiker, Franklin A.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson as a Member of the Continental congress."
Publication: M.A. thesis
Publisher: Univ. of Virginia
Date: (1934)
Extent: pp. 93

Notes: no note

Reference: 1995
Author: Spiro, Jeffery H.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of American Neutrality."
Publication: M.A. thesis
Publisher: Queens College (CUNY)
Date: (1975)
Extent: none given

Notes: no note

Reference: 53
Author: Spivak, Burton
Title: "Republican Dreams and National Interest: The Jeffersonians and American Foreign Policy."
Publisher: Society for the History of American Foreign Relations Newsletter
Volume: 12
Date: (no. 2, 1981)
Extent: 1-21.

Notes: Emphasizes TJ's Anglophobia and his rejection of politics based on commercial enterprise. The Jeffersonians' foreign policy failed in part because of their refusal to recognize the legitimacy of some British demands and their insistence that American self-interest was incompatible with a republican community.

Reference: 1996
Author: Spivak, Burton
Title: "Jefferson, England, and the Embargo: Trading Wealth and Republican Value in the Shaping of American Diplomacy, 1804-1809."
Publication: Ph.D. Dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Virginia
Date: (1975)
Extent: pp. 539

Notes: See the next item. DAI 35/08A, p. 5321.

Reference: 1997
Author: Spivak, Burton
Title: Jefferson's English Crisis: Commerce, Embargo, and the Republican Revolution
Publisher: Univ. Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1979)
Extent: pp. Xiii, 250

Notes: Examines TJ's foreign policy toward England and his concern for the growth in the United States of English political forms, social ideas, and commercial development. Contends that "the commercial goals of Jefferson's English diplomacy encouraged the very kind of national economic development that he found so incompatible with his republican dreams."

Reference: 1123
Author: Spivey, Herman E., ed.
Title: "William Cullen Bryant Changes His Mind: An Unpublished Letter about Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: New England Quarterly
Volume: 22
Date: (1949)
Extent: 528-29

Notes: Bryant in an 1859 letter calls TJ "one of the wisest political philosophers of his time."

Reference: 1124
Author: Sprague, Joseph E.
Title: An Eulogy on John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, Pronounced August 10, 1826, at the Request of the Town of Salem
Publisher: Warwick Palfrey, Jr
Place of Publication: Salem, Mass.
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 48

Notes: Also in A Selection of Eulogies ... . Hartford: D. F. Robinson, 1826. 235-71. TJ's "noblest effort, though unsuccessful, has been for the emancipation of slaves." Claims that it rained on July 4, 1826, and the rainbow "gave assurance that the offerings of these patriots had been accepted."

Reference: 1125
Author: Sprague, Peleg
Title: Eulogy on John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, Pronounced in Hallowell July 1826 at the Request of the Committees of the Towns of Hallowell, Augusta, and Gardiner
Publisher: Glazier & Co.
Place of Publication: Hallowell, Maine
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 22

Notes: Also in A Selection of Eulogies ... . Hartford: D. F. Robinson, 1826., 139-53. The Declaration considered "as a great, solemn, political act, ... demands our highest veneration," and its truth has changed the world. TJ and Adams became "the patriarchs of America, and saw their children in the land of promise."

Reference: 1999
Author: Sprague, Marshall
Title: So Vast So Beautiful a Land: Louisiana and the Purchase
Publisher: Little Brown
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1974)
Extent: pp. xix, 396

Notes: Discovery and eventual acquisition of the Louisiana Territory. A popular account which turns TJ into a Westerner of the spirit and imagination.

Reference: 2000
Author: Sprague, Stuart Seely
Title: "Jefferson, Kentucky and the Closing of the Port of New Orleans, 1802-1803."
Publication: Kentucky Historical Society Register
Volume: 70
Date: (1972)
Extent: 312-17

Notes: "Rather than relaxing in 1802-1803, President Jefferson made strenuous efforts to keep Kentucky from exploding" into rash military action as a response to the French takeover of New Orleans.

Reference: 2459
Author: Sprague, Homer B.
Title: "The Mayflower Compact and the Jeffersonian Heresy."
Publication: Our Day
Volume: 15
Date: (1895)
Extent: 145-53

Notes: The foundation of the Jeffersonian doctrine is distrust; its ruling sentiment antagonism; its inevitable tendency, disintegration." Links TJ to Hobbes; Mayflower Compact was written after the body politic existed.

Reference: 3305
Author: Spratt, John S.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: The Scholarly Politician and His Influence on Medicine."
Publication: Southern Medical Journal
Volume: 69
Date: (1976)
Extent: 360-66

Notes: Probably the best article on this subject; surveys previous scholarship, TJ's medical interests, and his influence real and potential on American medicine.

Reference: 2001
Author: Springer, William M. and George Willard
Title: The Electoral Votes. Proceedings and Debates of Coneress Relatine to Counting the Electoral Votes for President and Vice-President of the United States
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1877)
Extent: 16-39

Notes: 44th Congress, 2nd Session. House of Representatives Misc. Doc. 13. Materials relating to counting the electoral votes in the elections of 1800 and 1804.

Reference: 2460
Author: Stafford, John
Title: "The Power of Sympathy."
Publication: Midcontinent American Studies Journal
Volume: 9
Date: (1968)
Extent: 52-57

Notes: Survey of the importance of the concept of sympathy for TJ and contemporaries.

Reference: 3306
Author: Stafford, William
Title: "New Letters from Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Esquire
Volume: 75
Date: (1971)
Extent: 205

Notes: Poem; rpt. in Someday, Maybe. New York: Harper and Row, 1973. 7-8.

Reference: 1126
Author: Stanard, William G.
Title: "Lilburne-Randolph-Jefferson."
Publication: VMHB
Volume: 26
Date: (1918)
Extent: 321-24

Notes: Genealogy of TJ's mother.

Reference: 1127
Author: Stanford, John
Title: A Discourse on the Death of the Honorable Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Delivered in the Chapel at Bellevue, N. York
Publisher: E. Conrad
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 20

Notes: Text of the sermon is Zechariah 1:5, "Your Fathers, Where are they?" turns this into a jeremiad. One of the more interesting eulogies.

Reference: 1128
Author: Stanley, Augustus Owsley
Title: Character and Services of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton: Speech ... in the House of Representatives, March 25, 1908
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1908)
Extent: pp. 31

Notes: no note

Reference: 968
Author: Stanton, Lucia C.
Title: "Jefferson and the Amusements of Science"
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 144
Date: (July, 1993)
Extent: 92-99.

Notes: TJ's collection of scientific instruments and apparatus: camera obscura, magnifiers, telescopes, surveying instruments, etc.

Reference: 969
Author: Stanton, Lucia C.
Title: "Looking for Liberty: Thomas Jefferson and the British Lions."
Publication: Eighteenth-Century Studies
Volume: 26
Date: (1993)
Extent: 649-68.

Notes: Interesting account of TJ's relations with various British visitors, including Anthony Merry, Thomas Moore, Frances Wright, and Robert Owen. When TJ met Moore, who was very short and youthful-looking, he mistook him for a boy; Moore went off in a huff to Philadelphia, where he enjoyed the company of Joseph Dennie and other anti-Jeffersonian Federalists who influenced his later satiric verses about TJ and American democracy. Moore's verses nettled TJ and his family in part perhaps because they admired his other lyrics, and Moore in his turn later regretted his harsh criticism of TJ (although he reprinted the offending verses in 1841). Owen and Wright admired TJ as a democratic theorist, and Wright tried to get his support for her Nashoba experiment.

Reference: 970
Author: Stanton, Lucia C.
Title: "`Those Who Labor for My Happiness': Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves," in Jeffersonian Legacies , ed. Onuf.
Publisher: University Press of Virginia
Place of Publication: Charlottesville
Date: (1993)
Extent: 147-180.

Notes: One of the best accounts of the relationships between TJ and his slaves and among the slaves themselves. Informed by first-rate scholarship, this offers new information and thick description. Notable for its explanation of how TJ underwent a "gradual closing of the imagination that distanced and dehumanized the black families of Monticello." Focus on the Hemings family, although not particularly on Sally.

Reference: 1385
Author: Stanton, Lucia
Title: "Monticello to Main Street: The Hemings Family and Charlottesville"
Publication: Magazine of Albemarle County History
Volume: 55
Date: (1997)
Extent: 95-126.

Notes: Excellent account of the fate of Elizabeth (Betty) Hemings's descendants after TJ's death in 1826. Not directly about TJ, but clearly a fascinating development of the black family he left behind.

Reference: 2002
Author: Stanwood, Edward
Title: "Anticipation of the Monroe Doctrine."
Publication: Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society
Volume: 3rd ser 1
Date: (1907)
Extent: 39-41

Notes: First enunciated in a letter from TJ to James Bowdoin, dated April 27, 1805.

Reference: 2003
Author: Stanwood, Edward
Title: "Jefferson and Burr" and "Jefferson Re-elected"
Publication: A History of Presidential Elections
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1884)
Extent: 30-50

Notes: "This History ... professes to be little more than a record of the circumstances of such elections." A somewhat expanded account appears in his A History of the Presidency.

Reference: 3307
Author: Stapley, Mildred
Title: "Monticello and the Jeffersonian Style."
Publication: Country Life
Volume: 20
Date: (1911)
Extent: 43-46

Notes: no note

Reference: 3308
Author: Stapley, M.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson the Architect: A Tribute."
Publication: Architectural Record
Volume: 29
Date: (1911)
Extent: 177-85

Notes: Describes Monticello, comments on other architectural projects. Argues that TJ is a significant architect who "grasped as a basic principle the value of sincerity between form and construction."

Reference: 1129
Author: Staughton, William
Title: Sermon Delivered in the Capitol of the United States; on Lord's Day, July 16, 1826; at the Request of the Citizens of Washington, on the Death of Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Adams
Publisher: Columbian Office
Place of Publication: Washington
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 32

Notes: no note

Reference: 2461
Author: Stead, John Prindle
Title: "The Roots of Democracy in Thomas Jefferson and Mao-Tse-Tung."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Southern California
Date: (1976)
Extent: none given

Notes: "A comparative analysis of the political thought of two great national leaders.... both agree with ancient Chinese thought that participation and moral advancement are best guaranteed by a political system concerned with the people's relative material security." DAI 38/OlA, p. 461.

Reference: 2004
Author: Steffen, Jerome O.
Title: William Clark: Jeffersonian Man on the Frontier
Publisher: Univ. of Oklahoma Press
Place of Publication: Norman
Date: (1977)
Extent: pp. xi, 196

Notes: Biography of Clark, claiming to stress "his role in the implementation of Jeffersonian programs," treats TJ and Clark as two men of the Enlightenment.

Reference: 473
Author: Stefoff, Rebecca
Title: Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States.
Publisher: Garrett Educational Corporation,
Place of Publication: Ada OK:
Date: (1988)
Extent: vi, 122.

Notes: Juvenile, for readers in grades 4-7 approximately. Faces up to difficult questions and gives good accounts of complex events, at least for a younger audience.

Reference: 520
Author: Stein, Susan R.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson's Traveling Desks."
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 133
Date: (1988)
Extent: 1156-59.

Notes: Describes TJ's various traveling desks, or lap desks, with useful illustrations.

Reference: 843
Author: Stein, Susan R.
Title: The World of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello .
Publisher: Abrams
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1993)

Notes: A catalogue of the items originally in TJ's possession and now exhibited at Monticello during the 250th anniversary of his birth.

Reference: 971
Author: Stein, Susan R.
Title: "Furnishings at Monticello"
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 144
Date: (July, 1993)
Extent: 70--79.

Notes: Knowlegeable, illustrated account of TJ's purchases and designs for the interiors of Monticello, especially furniture and draperies.

Reference: 972
Author: Stein, Susan R.
Title: "Jefferson's Museum at Monticello"
Publication: The Magazine Antiques
Volume: 144
Date: (July, 1993)
Extent: 80--85.

Notes: TJ's collections of paintings, Indian artifacts, natural history specimens, etc.

Reference: 2005
Author: Steinberg, Alfred
Title: "Thomas Jefferson: The Practical Idealist"
Publication: The First Ten: The Founding Presidents and Their Administrations
Publisher: Doubleday
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1967)
Extent: 88-135

Notes: TJ an idealist who was required by events to depart in practice from his philosophy. At the end of his second term the Embargo cost him his political control of Congress and led to his discouragement about his presidency.

Reference: 2462
Author: Steinfeld, Melvin
Title: Our Racist Presidents From Washington to Nixon
Publisher: Consensus Publishers
Place of Publication: San Ramon, Cal.
Date: (1972)
Extent: 15-75

Notes: Tendentious and uncritical sourcebook.

Reference: 1130
Author: Stenberg, Richard R.
Title: "The Jefferson Birthday Dinner, 1830."
Publication: Journal of Southern History
Volume: 4
Date: (1938)
Extent: 334-45

Notes: Does not discuss use of TJ by either the Jacksonians or Calhounians.

Reference: 2006
Author: Stephens, Frank F.
Title: "Jefferson's Vision Realized in the Purchase of Louisiana."
Publication: Univ. of Missouri Bulletin
Volume: 59
Date: (1958)
Extent: unpag

Notes: Six page sketch.

Reference: 973
Author: Stephenson, Charles T.
Title: in "Celebrating American Heroes: The Commemoration of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Ph. D. dissertation. Brown University
Publication: DAI-A 54/10, 3858
Date: (1993)
Extent: Pp. 374.

Notes: Discusses the Jeffersonian Memorial in Washington, D. C., the celebration of the bicentenial of TJ's birth, and Mount Rushmore, among other issues. Considers questions of architecture and ideology, debates about the memory of public heroes, and changing atitudes about national history.

Reference: 1131
Author: Stephenson, Nathaniel Wright
Title: "Jefferson and the Real Purpose of Democracy"
Publication: Lectures on Typical Americans and Their Problems. Scripps College Papers Ill.
Publisher: Scripps College
Place of Publication: Claremont
Date: (1930)
Extent: 1-19

Notes: Americans have been untrue to TJ's example because democracy has run wild and taken over the evils of aristocracy without its virtues.

Reference: 1132
Author: Sterling, Peter Roman
Title: "Society in Jefferson's Day."
Publication: National Republic
Volume: 17
Date: (1929)
Extent: 28, 40

Notes: TJ upsets Anthony Merry.

Reference: 2463
Author: Sternbach, Oscar
Title: "The Pursuit of Happiness and the Epidemic of Depression."
Publication: Psychoanalytic Review
Volume: 61
Date: (1974)
Extent: 283-93

Notes: Contends that the "authors of the Declaration of Independence ... resorted intuitively to conjuring up repressed childhood wishes" but focuses on supposed modern consequences.

Reference: 107
Author: Stevens, Michael E.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, Indians, and the Missing Privy Council Journals."
Publication: South Carolina History Magazine
Volume: 82
Date: (1982)
Extent: 177-85.

Notes: A recently discovered, unpublished extract from the South Carolina Privy Council Journals, dated March 27, 1789, reveals the council's authorization of TJ as their agent in Europe to receive old bonds from the Van Staphorsts as part of a scheme to retire the state's Revolutionary War debt. (A second extract is about Indians, no connection to TJ.)

Reference: 1208
Author: Stevens, Kenneth R.
Title: “Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, and the Foreign Policy of the Early Republic,”
Publication: Diplomatic History
Volume: 19
Date: (1995)
Extent: 705-11.

Notes: Review essay, in part on D. Ben-Atar's 1993 book; basically a summary.

Reference: 1133
Author: Stevens, Charles
Title: Funeral Eulogy, on the Characters of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Pronounced on the 1st August, 1826, Before the Inhabitants of Pineville, S.C. And Published at Their Request
Publisher: Philip Hoff
Place of Publication: Charleston
Date: (1826)
Extent: pp. 18

Notes: no note

Reference: 2007
Author: Stevenson, Adlai E.
Title: "Jefferson and Our National Leadership."
Publication: VQR
Volume: 36
Date: (1960)
Extent: 337-49

Notes: Discusses TJ as a model for American statesmen of the present day.

Reference: 180
Author: Stewart, Alva W. and Susan J. Stewart
Title: Thomas Jefferson: His Architectural Contributions to Monticello and the University of Virginia.
Publisher: Vance Bibliographies,
Place of Publication: Monticello, IL:
Date: (1984)
Extent: 12.

Notes: A checklist which is neither particularly well thought out nor well presented. Not useful.

Reference: 1134
Author: Stewart, Robert Armistead
Title: "Jefferson and His Landlord."
Publication: The Researcher
Volume: l
Date: (1926)
Extent: 5-8

Notes: Note on TJ's living arrangements in Richmond while governor; rpt. in Sons of the Revolution in State of Virginia Semi-Annual Magazine. 9(January 1931), 13-18.

Reference: 2008
Author: Stewart, Donald Henderson
Title: "Jeffersonian Journalism: Newspaper Propaganda and the Development of the Democratic-Republican Party, 1798-1801."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Columbia Univ
Date: (1950)
Extent: pp. 1223

Notes: Extensive survey of the "Sarcasm, invective, logic, emotion, ridicule" employed by writers for the republican press. DAI 11/01, p. 164.

Reference: 2464
Author: Stewart, Randall
Title: "A Doctrine of Man."
Publication: Mississippi Quarterly
Volume: 12
Date: (1959)
Extent: 4-9

Notes: Looking at the "doctrine of man" in American literature, calls TJ "naive."

Reference: 54
Author: Stiebing, William H., Jr.
Title: "Who First Excavated Stratigraphically?"
Publication: Biblical Archaeology Review
Volume: 7
Date: (January/ February 1981)
Extent: 52-53.

Notes: Briefly discusses method and significance of TJ's excavation of an Indian mound. #3309 in TJCAB .

Reference: 3309
Author: Stiebing, William H., Jr.
Title: "Who First Excavated Stratigraphically?"
Publication: Biblical Archaeology Review
Volume: 7
Date: (1981)
Extent: 52-53

Notes: TJ did; brief account.

Reference: 181
Author: Stimson, Shannon C.
Title: "Judgment and the Concept of Judicial Space: Theoretical Foundations of American Jurisprudence." Ph.D. dissertation. Harvard University,
Publication: DAI; 3738-A.
Volume: 45
Date: (1984)
Date: (1985)
Extent: 283.

Notes: Argues that differing court practices and essentially different conceptions of sovereignty and the nature of law separate English and American conceptions of jurisprudence. Concerned with particular and differing conceptions of reason and will, and of law and government, offered by John Adams, TJ, and Alexander Hamilton, political thinkers whose writings contributed not only to the formulation of the Constitution but also, unavoidably, to later understandings of it.

Reference: 634
Author: Stimson, Shannon C.
Title: "Law in the Context of Continuous Revolution"
Publication: The American Revolution in the Law: Anglo-American Jurisprudence before John Marshall
Publisher: Princeton University Press,
Place of Publication: Princeton:
Date: (1990)
Extent: 86-105.

Notes: Discusses TJ's jurisprudential thinking within the larger context of an analysis of the concept of judicial review out of eighteenth-century court practice and theories about the role of juries. Finds TJ shared with John Adams a belief in the fundamental importance of jury trials, but he took a more conservative position on the function of the jury and its power to interpret law. Traces this difference in part to TJ's materialist epistemology as well as to his response to French thought which distinguished him from other Founders. Argues that he paradoxically increased the legitimacy of public opinion as the basis of law while decreasing the individual's propensity to question his or her own views. He thus posited "revolution," either literal or legislative, as the means to resolve constitutional debate rather than by jural or judicial discourse. His failure to come up with an institutional alternative to the "majority will" of "the people" as the decisive voice in constitutional matters left him with a compact theory of politics, law, and constitutional "judgment" which collapsed the functions of will and judgment. Provocative and stimulating argument and book.

Reference: 163
Author: Stockdale, Eric
Title: "John Stockdale of Piccadilly: Publisher to John Adams and Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Author/Publisher Relations During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, ed. Robin Meyers and Michael Harris
Publisher: Oxford Polytechnic Press,
Place of Publication: Oxford UK:
Date: (1983)
Extent: 63-87.

Notes: Stockdale was introduced to bookselling and publishing by John Almon, who had established a reputation for printing and selling material friendly to British Whigs such as Wilkes and Americans such as Benjamin Franklin. When John Adams visited London in late 1783, he took rooms at Stockdale's, and in turn Franklin and Adams referred TJ to Stockdale as a bookseller and otherwise useful London connection. Stockdale first approached TJ about publishing Notes in London, but eventually TJ stopped doing business with him because of his slowness in providing requested books. Discusses circumstances surrounding Stockdale's publication of Notes in some detail.

Reference: 1135
Author: Stockton, Frank R.
Title: "The Later Years of Monticello."
Publication: The Century Magazine
Volume: 34
Date: (1887)
Extent: 654-58

Notes: The fate of Monticello after TJ's death and its condition in 1887.

Reference: 1136
Author: Stoddard, William O.
Title: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: White, Stones, and Allen
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1887)
Extent: pp. viii, 358

Notes: TJ on pp. 175-358; focuses on years before TJ's presidency and takes his side.

Reference: A76
Author: Stokes, Anson Phelps
Title: "Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826, Nominal Episcopalian, Unitarian in Belief,"
Publication: Church and State in the United States
Publisher: Harper Brothers,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1950)
Extent: Vol. I, 333-39.

Notes: Honors TJ as the author of the "Bill for Establishing Freedom of Religion" and for his belief in the necessity of preserving the independence of church and state from each other. A similar statement appears in the revised, one-volume edition prepared with Leo Pfeffer, New York: Harper & Row, 1964. 52-55.

Reference: 1137
Author: Stokes, William E., Jr., ed.
Title: "Mr. Jefferson Comes Home."
Publication: Magazine of Albemarle County History
Volume: 12
Date: (1952)
Extent: 46-49

Notes: Ceremonies at presentation of a copy of the Sully portrait to the Albemarle County Court House.

Reference: 3310
Author: Stokes, Roy
Title: "The Fourth."
Publication: Library Journal
Volume: 88
Date: (1963)
Extent: 2648

Notes: TJ is "the symbol of all that librarianship stands for."

Reference: 3311
Author: Stolba, K. Marie
Title: "Music in the Life of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine
Volume: 108
Date: (1974)
Extent: 196-202

Notes: Sketch of TJ's interest in music, noting his correspondence on musical matters with Francis Hopkinson. Shorter version in American Music Teacher. 25(April 1976), 6-8.

Reference: 1138
Author: Stone, Gene
Title: The Story of Thomas Jefferson
Publisher: Barse and Hopkins
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1921)
Extent: pp. 182

Notes: "Famous Americans for Younger Readers."

Reference: 3312
Author: Stone, Peter and Sherman Edwards
Title: 1776; A Musical Play
Publisher: Viking
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1970)
Extent: pp. 174

Notes: Book by Stone, music and lyrics by Edwards. The Declaration and its composition as musical comedy.

Reference: 1386
Author: Stoner, James R.
Title: "Sound Whigs or Honeyed Tories? Jefferson and the Common Law Tradition"
Publication: Reason and Republicanism , ed. McDowell and Noble
Publisher: Rowman and Littlefield
Place of Publication: Lanham MD.
Date: (1997)
Extent: 103-18.

Notes: Contends that TJ tried to reconcile the common law tradition with liberal principles by insisting on the source of the common law in the people's legislative will. His differences with Blackstone involve not so much a difference of principle as of a different understanding of who is sovereign. Interesting at times but somewhat diffuse.

Reference: 3313
Author: Storey, Helen Anderson
Title: "Jefferson's Furniture at Monticello."
Publication: Antiquarian
Volume: 15
Date: (1930)
Extent: 38-40, 60-70

Notes: no note

Reference: 451
Author: Stowe, Steven M.
Title: "Private Emotions and a Public Man in Early Nineteenth-Century Virginia."
Publication: History of Education Quarterly
Volume: 27
Date: (1987)
Extent: 75-81.

Notes: Essay review of the final volume of Malone's biography and of Jan Lewis's 1983 The Pursuit of Happiness (see above). Suggests that the example of TJ may be an occasion to see questions of family in Virginia and the early 19th-century South complete within a specific biographical context. Puts these volumes in the context of other scholarship about the Southern family in this period.

Reference: 2465
Author: Stowe, Walter H.
Title: "The Religion of Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church
Volume: 21
Date: (1952)
Extent: 413-15

Notes: Minor note arguing that TJ was naive for believing Christian ethics could survive loss of belief in the divinity of Christ.

Reference: 2466
Author: Stowe, William McF.
Title: "The Influence of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic Principles Upon Abraham Lincoln's Thinking on the Question of Slavery."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Boston Univ
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1938)
Extent: none given

Notes: no note

Reference: 1139
Author: Strachey, John St. Loe
Title: "Representative Americans" and "Jefferson"
Publication: American Soundings
Publisher: Hodder and Stoughton
Place of Publication: London
Date: (1926)
Extent: 171-86

Notes: TJ and Lincoln are the men most representative of American life; quotes from Notes to argue that TJ is "sound in heart and head" on slavery.

Reference: 1140
Author: Stratton, Ella Hines
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: The Men Who Have Risen to the White House; Containing the Childhood, Early Education Occupations, Characteristics, and Achievements of All the Presidents of the United States
Publisher: National Publishing Co.
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1903)
Extent: 45-53

Notes: Juvenile.

Reference: 1141
Author: Stratton, Ella Hines
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: True Stories of Our Presidents
Publisher: National Publishing Co.
Place of Publication: Philadelphia
Date: (1901)
Extent: 45-53

Notes: no note

Reference: A77
Author: Stroh, Guy W.
Title: "Enlightenment Ethics"
Publication: American Ethical Thought
Publisher: Nelson-Hall,
Place of Publication: Chicago:
Date: (1979)
Extent: 29-43.

Notes: Sees TJ as central to the American Enlightenment, its "most influential and brilliant mind." In a brief compass gives a good overview of his moral thought, focusing on the role of the moral sense, the concept of natural rights, and his support for freedom of belief. Argues that the greatest shortcoming of the American Enlightenment, and TJ's as ethical thinker, was the failure to abolish slavery, although agrees with Commager's claim that TJ did more for the cause of abolition than any of the other founding fathers.

Reference: 1142
Author: Strother, John M.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson."
Publication: Virginia University Magazine
Volume: 3
Date: (1859)
Extent: 271-88

Notes: Review essay of Randall's biography.

Reference: 521
Author: Strout, Cushing
Title: "Jeffersonian Religious Liberty and American Pluralism"
Publication: The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, ed. Peterson and Vaughan (see above)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press,
Place of Publication: New York:
Date: (1988)
Extent: 201-36.

Notes: Discusses the legacy of TJ's Statute and his opinions on religious freedom, pointing out that the Virginia Statute was a local act and not a national one and that it is not identical with the First Amendment. The nationalization of TJ's Statute, nevertheless, reflects major changes in the American people as they have become a progressively more pluralistic body. The greater radicalism of the Statute (as compared to the First Amendment) was bound to cause controversy, but it was also crucial for a "post-Protestant" era.

Reference: 635
Author: Strout, Cushing
Title: "American Dilemma: Lincoln's Jefferson and the Irony of History,"
Publication: Making American Tradition: Visions and Revisions from Ben Franklin to Alice Walker
Publisher: Rutgers University Press,
Place of Publication: New Brunswick:
Date: (1990)
Extent: 133-51.

Notes: After noting that "Of all the American presidents, only Jefferson and Lincoln have commanded a literary style that is indisputably their own and memorable to later generations," goes on to examine the ways in which TJ lived in Lincoln's imagination "more intensely than any other American figure." Lincoln saw the Declaration as the "electric cord" which connected him to TJ, and its "truth" of equality became his standard for marking the limit on popular sovereignty. Although TJ was unable to escape complicity with the institution of slavery which his own principles made untenable, Lincoln was able to apply the Jeffersonian notion of equal rights to the issue of slavery in a political context and contest. TJ's fear of civil war, as expressed in his response to the Missouri Compromise, overrode his objections to slavery. Ironically, when the South seceded in 1861, Lincoln, for whom TJ's idealism had been a source of inspiration, found TJ's tactics and constitutional theory deployed against him. The best essay yet on TJ and Lincoln.

Reference: 692
Author: Strout, Cushing
Title: "Jefferson's Statute and the Glorious First."
Publication: Proteus
Volume: 4 #2,
Date: (1987)
Extent: 5-12.

Notes: TJ's Statute for Establishing Religious Freedom is frequently seen as the basis for the First Amendment's religious clauses. His statute influenced similar legislation in Maryland, New England, and Texas, and the principle of separation of church and state has become an important twentieth-century issue. While TJ's separationist ideal was originally intended to include all beliefs, including unbelief, in a pluralistic society, the Supreme Court in the 1970s has both upheld and denied it.

Reference: 1014
Author: Strupp, Jim
Title: Revolution Song: Thomas Jefferson's Legacy .
Publisher: Ashland Press
Place of Publication: Summit, NJ.
Date: (1992)
Extent: pp. xiii, 126.

Notes: Author hopes to provide a “democratic alternative to the works of Chairman Mao and other non-democratic revolutionary leaders” by collecting quotations from TJ's writings that show his revolutionary principles. Adds various documents ranging from the Declaration of Independence, the decision of Brown vs. the Board of Education, and a snatch from a Bob Dylan song in order to illustrate TJ's impact on later generations. The '60s live.

Reference: 1090
Author: Strutt, Michael A.
Title: “Retreating into the Landscape,”
Publication: Notes on the State of Poplar Forest
Volume: 2
Date: (1994)
Extent: 19-24.

Notes: On landscaping of Poplar Forest. Reports on C. Alan Brown's insightful work on the geometry of TJ's design and its rigorous order.

Reference: 2009
Author: Stuart, Reginald Charles
Title: "Encounter with Mars: Thomas Jefferson's View of War."
Publication: Ph.D. dissertation
Publisher: Univ. of Florida
Date: (1974)
Extent: pp. 308

Notes: See the next item; DAI 35/08A, p. 5323.

Reference: 2010
Author: Stuart, Reginald C.
Title: The Half-Way Pacifist, Thomas Jefferson's View of War
Publisher: Univ. of Toronto Press
Place of Publication: Toronto
Date: (1978)
Extent: pp. x, 93

Notes: A suggestive monograph which argues that although TJ had a "defensive mentality," he "actively used violence either directly or indirectly in his policies against the Barbary pirates, Spain, England, and France to maintain his country's independence and security. ... He was more a pragmatist than a pacifist and continually weighed possibilities, risks and gains.... If Jefferson seems a protoClausewitzian, it is because he emerged from the same age, with many of the same assumptions about the use of war, and he consistently operated on the basis of these assumptions while in and out of public office."

Reference: 2011
Author: Stuart, Reginald C.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Function of War: For Policy or Principle?"
Publication: Canadian Journal of History
Volume: 11
Date: (1976)
Extent: 154-71

Notes: l TJ saw war in political terms as "an instrument of last resort" with pragmatic limitations. He did not believe that "war was an aberration, and he did not ignore the interest of the state in security."

Reference: 2012
Author: Stuart, Reginald C.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and the Origins of War."
Publication: Peace and Change
Volume: 4
Date: (1977)
Extent: 22-27

Notes: TJ became more pessimistic about the inevitability of war and came to feel that war stemmed from economic and political conditions but from human nature as well.

Reference: A78
Author: Stuckey, William K.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson in the Tune-Inn."
Publication: Omni
Volume: 2
Date: (January, 1980)
Extent: 22, 115.

Notes: TJ visits a Washington D. C. saloon, circa 1980, to engage in a political conversation with habitues who despair at the choices of presidential candidate in the coming election. His suggestion for a campaign theme for 1980: "An end to emptiness."

Reference: 1143
Author: Sullivan, Mark
Title: "Seeing America With Jefferson's Eyes."
Publication: World's Work
Volume: 52
Date: (1926)
Extent: 328-32

Notes: A greater density of population makes many of TJ's theories inadequate for modern America.

Reference: 2013
Author: Sullivan, William
Title: Familiar Letters on Public Characters, and Public Events, From the Peace of 1783, to the Peace of 1815
Publisher: Russell, Odiorne, and Metcalf
Place of Publication: Boston
Date: (1834)
Extent: pp. xi, 468

Notes: A diehard Federalist attacks TJ in detail; rpt. Boston, 1834; Philadelphia, 1847, as The Public Men of the Revolution.