Reference: 281
Author: Zagarri, Rosemarie
Title: "Founding Intentions: Jefferson & Madison on School Prayer."
Publication: New Republic.
Volume: 193
Date: (September 9, 1985)
Extent: 10-11.

Notes: Examination of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom seems clearly to support complete separation of church and state; the government can not "prefer one religion over another, or even prefer religion over irreligion." States that Justice Rehnquist and others wish to resurrect a principle TJ and Madison wanted to repudiate once and for all.

Reference: 2103
Author: Zaitseva, N. D.
Title: "Demokraticheskie Reformy Prezidenta T. Dzheffersona (1800-1804 GG)."
Publication: Seria Istorii, lazyka i Literatury
Place of Publication: Vestnik Leningradskogo U.
Date: (1978)
Extent: 64-69

Notes: Argues that TJ's reforms during his first administration were determined by the existing conditions of the development of capitalism and emerging bourgeois liberalism. TJ had not meant a radical break in the mode of life in the U. S. and favored capitalistic development.

Reference: 2511
Author: Zakharova, M. N.
Title: "O genezise idei T. Dzheffersona."
Publisher: Voprosy Istorii
Volume: no. 3
Date: (1948)
Extent: 40-59

Notes: U. S. S. R.

Reference: 1284
Author: Zall, Paul M.
Title: “Thomas Jefferson Laughing,”
Publication: in Wit & Wisdom of the Founding Fathers: Ben Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson .
Publisher: Ecco Press
Place of Publication: New York
Date: (1996)
Extent: 123-62.

Notes: Comment on TJ's limited sense of humor, ascribing it to a reticence caused by his awareness of the possibility of his words being repeated to his disadvantage. TJ is the source, however, of some of the more humorous anecdotes concerning Franklin, and indeed his humor is more evident in allusions and anecdotes than in his own wordplay. Examples of TJ's supposed humor included here do not suggest that he was endowed with a comic spirit.

Reference: 1402
Author: Ziegert, Alex
Title: "'Some lawyers wreak havoc...': Jefferson, Marx, Lenin, Gorbachev, and the Self-Limitation of Revolutionary Constitutions"
Publication: Sydney Law Review
Volume: 19
Date: (June, 1997)
Extent: 257-66.

Notes: Review essay on a collection of pieces on the end of communism in eastern Europe. Argues that lawyers TJ, Marx, Lenin, and Gorbachev "all attempted to exempt their visions of a better society from the self-imposed constitutional limitations of a legal order and wreaked havoc." Assumes TJ is America's "foremost constitutional architect" and sees the failure of the U. S. Constitution exemplified by the condition of African-Americans. However, his authority is Gunnar Myrdal's 1944 study, which he assumes is still an accurate portrayal of present day U.S. Inadequate history presented in clotted prose.

Reference: 713
Author: Ziff, Larzer.
Title: Writing in the New Nation: Prose, Print, and Politics in the Early United States
Publisher: Yale University Press
Place of Publication: New Haven
Date: (1991)
Extent: pp. xii, 209.

Notes: Study of literature of the period, arguing that print culture and American political culture enabled a movement from immanence to representation, from belief that reality resided below culture and could not be manipulated to belief that it could be constructed. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 discuss TJ's autobiography and Notes on the State of Virginia as part of this argument and contextualize them against Adams's and Rush's autobiographies, Timothy Dwight's Travels , and other texts.

Reference: 2104
Author: Zipperer, Manfred
Title: Thomas Jefferson's "Act for Establishing Religious Freedom in Virginia." vom 16 Januar 1786. Einverfassungsgeschicht-licher und rechtsvergleichender Beltrag zum Staatskirchenrecht
Place of Publication: Erlangen
Date: (1967)
Extent: pp. xxi, 282

Notes: no note

Reference: 2105
Author: Zook, George F.
Title: "Proposals for a New Commercial Treaty Between France and the United States, 1778-1793."
Publication: South Atlantic Quarterly
Volume: 8
Date: (1909)
Extent: 267-83

Notes: TJ as minister to France and as Secretary of State urged commercial reciprocity.

Reference: 591
Author: Zuber, Shari Lyn
Title: "A Man of Many Ideas: Jefferson as Architect and Innovator."
Publisher: Cobblestone
Volume: 10
Date: (September, 1989)
Extent: 22-26.

Notes: Juvenile. Sampling of TJ's inventions and designs.

Reference: 699
Author: Zuckerman, Michael
Title: "The Color of Counterrevolution: Thomas Jefferson and the Rebellion in San Domingo,"
Publication: in Languages of Revolution, ed. Loretta Mannucci.
Publisher: Milan Group in Early United States History,
Place of Publication: Milan (Italy):
Date: (1989)
Extent: 83-107.

Notes: Argues that whereas the Federalists remained true to the faith of the founders and supported the black revolutionaries on St. Domingue, the Jeffersonian Republicans, and especially TJ himself, betrayed revolutionary values by supporting attempts to reimpose slavery and a colonial regime. Sees TJ as motivated above all by "negrophobia," an antagonism to blacks so strong and fear of black rebellion so deep that he ignored America's real interests as well as turning his back on his own belief in the universal future for the principles of the American revolution. Aggressively argued thesis, somewhat one-sided, but difficult to ignore. This essay is more easily available in the version published in the author's collection, Almost Chosen People: Obscure Biographies in the American Grain (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).

Reference: 1003
Author: Zuckerman, Michael
Title: "The Power of Blackness: Thomas Jefferson and the Revolution in St. Domingue,"
Publication: in Almost Chosen People: Oblique Biographies in the American Grain .
Publisher: University of California Press
Place of Publication: Berkeley
Date: (1993)
Extent: 175-218.

Notes: Originally published in 1989 in Italy. See description above for item # 699.

Reference: 458
Author: Zuckert, Michael P.
Title: "Self-Evident Truth and the Declaration of Independence."
Publication: Review of Politics
Volume: 49
Date: (1987)
Extent: 319-39.

Notes: Contends that a careful reading of the Declaration shows that TJ does not in fact insist that the opening truths are self-evident, but he calls for them to be treated as if they were self-evident. The text points not to their cognitive status but to their political or practical status ("we hold ..."). Appreciating the status of the so-called self-evident truths above all brings into focus the problem of politics as civic education in the American republic. It also focuses attention on the logical structure of the Declaration and illuminates recent scholarly debates over the meaning and sources of the Declaration. Offers a cogent critique of Morton White's and Garry Wills's analyses of the sources and significance of TJ's understanding of "self-evident" propositions, showing that if it is difficult to square the text's use of "self-evident truths" with a specific Lockean origin, there is, nevertheless, no barrier to reaffirming the traditional view of the role of Locke. Worthwhile essay.

Reference: 763
Author: Zuckert, Michael.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson on Nature and Natural Rights" in
Publication: The Framers and Fundamental Rights, ed. Robert A. Licht.
Publisher: American Enterpreise Institute
Place of Publication: Washington, D.C.
Date: (1991)
Extent: pp. 137-69.

Notes: Reads Notes as a philosophical discussion of rights. Argues that TJ identifies the laws of nature and the laws of nature's God in order to derive rights from the passions, here understood particularly as the desire for security. Rejects the notion that TJ grounds the Declaration's famous triad of rights on moral sense theory and argues that a system of rights is necessary to correct or replace the practical and epistemological inadequacies of the moral sense in a civilized political system. Distinguishes between "protorights," i.e. the claims that all individuals are inclined to raise on their own behalf with no regard for the claims of others, and "rights-in-the-proper-sense," rights held with the recognition that others have legitimate claims to the same rights and recognize that rights carry with them duties that "are co-constituted with rights in the process of mutual recognition." Forcefully argued, thoughtful essay, although not necessarily convincing at every point.

Reference: 1230
Author: Zuckert, Michael P.
Title: The Natural Rights Republic: Studies in the Foundation of the American Political Tradition .
Publisher: University of Notre Dame Press
Place of Publication: Notre Dame, IN.
Date: (1996)
Extent: pp. xi, 298.

Notes: Argues that the philosophy behind the Declaration of Independence is “a statement of the principles of political right” and that the “natural rights philosophy as articulated in the Declaration was indeed the understanding of political right on which the founding was conducted and which has served as the cornerstone of the American political tradition. ” Sees the Declaration as both “the common sense” of the American mind, as TJ later claimed, but also TJ's own philosophy of right and thus understandable by consulting his other writings, particularly Notes on the State of Virginia , which has greater authority here than his private correspondence because it was intended for a public audience and not tailored to the opinions of a particular recipient. An important statement from the tradition that interprets the founding in terms of natural rights philosophy, and offers to the point critiques of the readings of the Declaration by Morton White and Garry Wills.

Reference: 3447
Author: Zurfluh, John, Sr.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson Early American Stringed Instrument Enthusiast."
Publication: American String Teacher
Volume: 26
Date: (1976)
Extent: 4-5

Notes: Sketch of TJ's interest in violins; derivative.

Reference: 1403
Author: Zvesper, John
Title: "Jefferson on Liberal Natural Rights"
Publication: Reason and Republicanism , ed. McDowell and Noble
Publisher: Rowman and Littlefield
Place of Publication: Lanham MD.
Date: (1997)
Extent: 15-30.

Notes: Thoughtful defense of the necessity of seeing TJ's grounding in a theory of natural rights as a necessary condition for his theory of liberal political revolution. Rejects critics of natural rights as well as "weird parties claiming to have natural law on their side." Sees individual citizen's "active consent" to government to be a central element of TJ's political thinking, and suggests that slavery was the great problem for liberal democratic practice. Suggests TJ was caught between a recognition of the slave owners' concern for their self-preservation if the slaves were freed and the slaves' clear natural right to freedom. Slavery was such a problem for TJ because he took seriously the need to find a just resolution to the twin, often conflicting, demands of human rights and consent of citizens to their government.

Reference: 2106
Author: Zvesper, John
Title: "Thomas Jefferson"
Publication: Political Philosophy and Rhetoric: A Study of the Origins of American Party Politics
Publisher: Cambridge Univ. Press
Place of Publication: Cambridge, England
Date: (1977)
Extent: 102-110

Notes: In the context of a discussion of the idealism of the Republican challenge to the Federalists, the author examines TJ's belief that a just politics must rest on the human moral sense and on moral virtue.

Reference: 2512
Author: Zwierlein, Frederick J.
Title: "Jefferson, Jesuits, and the Declaration."
Publication: America
Volume: 49
Date: (1933)
Extent: 321-23

Notes: Rejects the Bellarmine influence on the Declaration theory because of TJ's prejudices against Jesuits.

Reference: 2513
Author: Zwierlein, Frederick J.
Title: "Thomas Jefferson and Freedom of Religion."
Publication: American Ecclesiastical Review
Volume: 109
Date: (1943)
Extent: 39-58

Notes: no note

Reference: 2107
Author: Zyskind, Harold
Title: "How to Read the Declaration of Independence"
Publication: Promoting Growth Toward Maturity in What Is Read, ed. William S. Gray. Supplementary Educational Monographs
Volume: Vol. 13, No. 74.
Publisher: Univ. of Chicago Press
Place of Publication: Chicago
Date: (1951)
Extent: 7-12

Notes: How to lead students to see the need for interpretation.