Notes to "Jack the Ripper As the Threat of Outcast London."

1. P.J . Keating, "Fact and Fiction in the East End," in Harold Dyos and Michael Wolff, eds., The Victorian City (London, 1973), 2:585.

2. Andrew Mearns, The Bitter Cry of Outcast London (1883; reprint, New York, 1970), 61.

3. Jane Stuart-Wortley, "The East End as Represented by Mr. Besant," Nineteenth Century (Sept. 1887) 362.

4. Charles Booth, Life and Labour of the People of London, 17 vols. (London,1902), 1:32.

5. Booth, Life and Labour, 4: 117, and Beatrice Potter, "East End Labour, "Nineteenth Century (Aug. 1888) 181.

6. Stephen Fox, "The Invasion of the Pauper Foreigners," Contemporary Review (June 1888) 861.

7. Fox, "Pauper Foreigners," 856, 866.

8. Booth, Life and Labour, 3:178.

9. Ibid., 186.

10. Potter, "East End Labour, 177.

11. Mearns, Bitter Cry, 74.

12. Gareth Stedman Jones, Outcast London (Oxford,1971), 219-220, 325.

13. Arnold White, Problems of a Great City (London,1886; reprint New York,1985), 131.

14. Anonymous, "The Inhabitants of East London," Quarterly Review, (July-Oct. 1889) 453-454.

15. Lancet, (10 May 1890), 1036.

16. White, Problems, 136-138.

17. W. J. Fishman, East End 1888 (London, 1988), 8, 18.

18. George Sims, How the Poor Live and Horrible London (London,1889;reprint,New York, 1984), 106-07.

19. Octavia Hill, Homes for the London Poor (London, 1883; reprint, London,1970), 88.

20. Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons, 22 Nov. 1888, 330:1819.

21. Stuart-Wortley, "East End," 375.

22. See Douglas Browne, The Rise of Scotland Yard (New York, 1956), 207, Fraser Harrison, The Dark Angel (New York,1977),225,232-33,241, and E. M . Sigsworth and T. J. Wyke, "A Study of Victorian Prostitution and Venereal Disease," in Martha Vicinus, ed., Suffer and Be Still (Bloomington, Indiana, 1973), 81.

23. Robert Storch, "Police Control of Street Prostitution in Victorian London," in David Bailey, ed., Police and Society (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1977), 51.

24. See Eric Trudgill, "Prostitution and Paterfamilias," in The Victorian City, 2:701.

25. See Judith Walkowitz, Prostitution and Victorian Society (Cambridge,1980),1315,29-31,and Paul McHugh, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (London, 1980), 17- 18, 262-64.

26. Harrison, Dark Angel, 241.

27. Walkowitz, Prostitution, 251.

28. Brian Harrison, "State Intervention and Moral Reform," in Patricia Hollis, ed., Pressure from Without in Early Modern England (London, 1974), 306-07.

29. Judith Walkowitz, "Jack the Ripper and the Myth of Male Violence," Feminist Studies (Fall 1982) 558, Walkowitz, Prostitution, 252, and Storch, "Police Control of Prostitution," 56.

30. Fishman, East End 1888, 6, 202-3.

31. Sims, How the Poor Live, 11.

32. Ibid., 11-12, 70.

33. Ibid., 137; see also Fishman, East End 1888, 208.

34. Philip Smith, Policing Victorian London (Westport, 1985), 12; see also V.A.C. Gatrell, "The Decline of Theft and Violence in Victorian and Edwardian England," in V.A.C. Gatrell, Bruce Lenman, and Geoffrey Parker, eds., Crime and the Law(London, 1980), 282, 286.

35. Sims, How the Poor Live, 119.

36. Anonymous, "Inhabitants of East London," 441.

37. Jones, Outcast London, 284-85.

38. Smith, Policing Victorian London, 28; see also lones, Outcast London, 11.

39. Jones, Outcast London, 292; see also Samuel Barnett, "Distress in East London," Nineteenth Century (Nov. 1886) 679, and Basil Thomson, The Story of Scotland Yard (Garden City, N.Y., 1936), 187.

41. See Jones, Outcast London, 291, Thomson, The Story of Scotland Yard, 186-87, and David Ascoli, The Queen's Peace (London, 1979), 160-61.

42. London Times, 14 November 1887.

43. James Stuart, "The Metropolitan Police," Contemporary Review (Apr. 1889) 628.

44. Walkowitz, "Myth of Male Violence" 544-45.

45. Basil Thomson, My Experiences at Scotland Yard (Garden City, N.Y., 1923), 2.

46. L. S. Winslow, Recollections of Forty Years (London, 1910), 261.

47. Paul Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Uncensored Facts (London, 1988), 137.

48. Frederick Wensley, Forty Years of Scotland Yard (Garden City, N.Y.,1931), 7-8.

49. Cited in Leonard Matters, The Mystery of Jack the Ripper (London, 1929), 33.

50. Cited in David McCormick, The Identity of Jack the Ripper (London, 1959), 26.

51. Begg, Jack the Ripper, 79.

52. McCormick, Identity of the Ripper, 45.

53. London Times, 2 Oct. 1888; see also Matters, Mystery of the Ripper, 92-93.

54. The killing itself had taken place outside of a club for Russian, Polish, and Jewish socialists .

55. Begg, Jack the Ripper, 126; see also London Times, 12 Oct. 1888

56. London Times, 4, 16 Oct. 1888; see also McCormick, Identity of the Ripper, 99. 57. London Times, 19 Sept. 1888.

58. Cited in McCormick, Identity of the Ripper, 95. 59. London Times, 4 Oct. 1888.

60. Ibid., 6 Oct. 1888.

61. Ibid. 4 Oct. 1888.

62.Ibid, 8 Sept. 1888. It is interesting to note that a play based on Robert Lewis Stevenson's novel, Dr. Jeckyll and Mr.Hyde (1886), was a big hit in London at this time.

63. See the London Times, 13, 28 Sept., 19 Oct., and 12 November.

64. Winslow, Recollections, 255.

65. London Times, 12 Sept. 1888.

66. Ibid., 1 Oct. 1888.

67. Winslow, Recollections, 262.

68. Cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper, 89.

69. The Lancet, 29 Sept. 1888, 637.

70. London Times, 15 Nov. 1888; see also 14 September.

71. See ibid., 28 Sept. 1888, and David Rubelow, The Complete Jack the Ripper (Boston, 1975), 73-74.

72. Cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper, 124; see also Matters, Mystery of the Ripper, 54-

73. Rumbelow, Complete Jack the Ripper, 222.

74. See London Times, 10 Nov. 1888.

75. The Lancet, 6 Oct. 1888, 683; see also London Times, 29 Sept. 1888.

76. London Times, 6 Oct. 1888.

77. Ibid., 18 Sept. 1888.

78. See ibid., 26, 29 Oct. 1888. For an overview of the various responses see Walkowitz, "Myth of Male Violence," 568.

79. Fishman, East End 1888, 213; see also London Times, 17 Sept. 1888.

80. London Times, 8 Oct. 1888.

81. Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons, 12 Nov. 1888, 330:904.

82. London Times, 15 Nov.1888. Other examples of like behavior can be found on 10 and 12 November.

83. Rumbelow, Complete Jack the Ripper, 86-87.