| Volume Thirty-Seven | 1995 | |
Notes for "To Fight the Good Fight"
1. Ronald P. Formisano, Boston Against Busing: Race, Class and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s (Chapel Hill, 1991) and J. Anthony Lukas, Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families (New York, 1985).
2. Jerome L. Himmelstein, To the Right: The Transformation of American Conservatism (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1990) p. 6.
4. For examples of studies of the New Right see Jonathan Rieder's "The Rise of the 'Silent Majority'" in The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930-1980 Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle, eds. (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1989) and Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab's classic The Politics of Unreason: Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1977 , 2d ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978).
5. The Arroyo is a park like canyon in which the Rose Bowl is located and which is bordered by wealthy homes but separates a predominantly minority, low income neighborhood (the "north-west" section) from an upper-middle class white neighborhood ("Linda Vista").
6. Professor Robin Kelley researched the history of the African-American community in Pasadena for a documentary produced by the Pasadena Historical Society in 1988. His research notes are available in the archives of the Historical Society. This information comes from those notes.
7. "Voters Turn Down School Recall," Pasadena Star News, March 5, 1975.
8. "White flight" is a term used to describe the flight of white residents out of a neighborhood or school once minority groups begin to enter the area. This was a common occurrence in Pasadena. As the schools became integrated large numbers of upper-middle class white families pulled their children out of the public schools and placed them in private schools or even moved out of the school district altogether.
9. For a detailed discussion of this motivation see C. Vann Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow, George Fredrickson's White Supremacy, Kenneth Jackson's Crabgrass Frontier or David Roediger's The Wages of Whiteness.
10. "Hardy Sees Win as Call For Harmony" The Pasadena Star News April 17, 1975.
11. Henry S. Myers, Fundamentally Speaking (San Francisco: Strawberry Hill Press, 1977) p. 51.
12. John McAlister, "Marcheschi to Seek Pasadena Plan Changes," Pasadena Star News December 17, 1973.
13. Know Your Schools newsletter. This newsletter was published throughout the 1960s by a volunteer citizens committee "in support of the Pasadena Board of Education." June 1965 (VII:6).
15. Spangler, et al v. Pasadena City School District (311 F. Supp. 501).
16. Know Your Schools, April 1969.
17. Spangler v. Pasadena City Board of Education (311 F. Supp. 501, 1970).
18. Lucie Lowry, "School Board Rejects Appeal: Welsh Resigns" Pasadena Star-News January 28, 1970.
19. John McAlister, "Marcheschi to Seek Pasadena Plan Changes" Pasadena Star News,, December 17, 1971.
21. Richard Vetterli, Mormonism, Americanism, and Politics (Salt Lake City: Ensign Publishing Company).
24. See Vetterli, pp. 1-4 and Myers, pp. 11-18.
30. For conclusive evidence of this plan to spread fundamental education throughout the nation, see Myers' Fundamentally Speaking and Vetterli's Storming the Citadel: The Fundamental Revolution Against Progressive Education (Costa Mesa, California: Educational Media Press, 1976).
32. "Dr. Vetterli's View," editorial, Pasadena Star News, March 9, 1973.
33. Marjorie Wyatt, Statement for the Board of Education Reading, December 11, 1973.
34. John McAlister "Pasadena School Board Bans Books," Pasadena Star News, January 10, 1974.
36. The John Birch Society in the 1960s and 1970s, along with other extremist organizations, insisted that communists directly controlled the government and public schools which was in accordance with the philosophy of the fundamentalist school board (Himmelstein, p. 66). The John Birch Society is discussed in much of the historiography on the rise of the political right. See for example, Lipset and Raab, The Politics of Unreason: Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1977.
37. Excerpts taken directly from a copy of the statement read to the school board on January 15, 1974 by Robert L. Salley, PFT vice-president.
38. Gary Clark, "Another Book on the Back Burner," Pasadena Star News, February 18, 1974.
39. Excerpts taken directly from a copy of the statement read by Wanda Knox to the school board on April 16, 1974.
40. Jan Dean, "Birch Society Textbook Up for School Adoption," The Pasadena Guardian January 10, 1975.
41. Dan Myers, "Pasadena Schools Book Review Panel Criticized," Pasadena star News November 29, 1975.
43. Vetterli, photo captions pp. 4-6.
45. Neol Greenwood, "Pasadena Schools: How Much Turmoil Can They Take?" Los Angeles Times July 7, 1974.
47. Gary Clark, "Sergeant at Arms Hiring Draws Fire," Pasadena Star News, June 13, 1974.
48. John McAlister, "School Integration Shakeup Sent to Court," Pasadena Star News, December 19, 1973.
49. Spangler v. Pasadena City Board of Education (384 F. Supp. 846 [1974]).
50. Spangler v. Pasadena City Board of Education (375 F. Supp. 1304 [1974]).
52. Spangler v. Pasadena City Board of Education (519 F. 2d 430 [1975]).
53. Stewart Alsop II, "Board Fundamentalizes Audubon and McKinley," The Pasadena Guardian, July 9, 1975.
54. Kenneth McCormick, "Fundamental School Future: A Magnet for White Flighters," The Pasadena Guardian, March 28, 1975.
55. Alsop, The Pasadena Guardian July 9, 1975.
56. Kenneth McCormick, "Real Orders Fundamental Halt: Schools to Appeal," The Pasadena Guardian, October 1, 1975.
57. Steve Hemmerick, "School Board Appeals," Pasadena Star News, July 31, 1975.
58. Pasadena Board of Education v. Spangler (427 U. S. 424, 96 S. Ct. 2697, 49 L. Ed. 2d. 599 [1976]).
59. Spangler v. Pasadena City Board of Education (611 F. 2d. 1239 [1979]).